Quy Hoach Mang WCDMA

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG
C S TI THNH PH H CH MINH
KHOA VIN THNG II
_____________

N
TT NGHIP I HC

CHUYN NGNH: IN T - VIN THNG
H I HC CHNH QUY
NIN KHA: 2008-2013

ti:
QUY HOCH MNG V TUYN WCDMA

M s ti: 12 408160140

Sinh vin thc hin: NGUYN QUYT TIN
MSSV: 408160140
Lp: 08VTA1
Gio vin hng dn: L CHU KHN

TP.HCM 2012

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG
C S TI THNH PH H CH MINH
KHOA VIN THNG II
_____________

N
TT NGHIP I HC

CHUYN NGNH: IN T - VIN THNG
H I HC CHNH QUY
NIN KHA: 2008-2013

ti:
QUY HOCH MNG V TUYN WCDMA

M s ti: 12 408160140

NI DUNG:
- CHNG 1: Tng quan v cu trc mng v tuyn WCDMA
- CHNG 2: Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA
- CHNG 3: Chng trnh m phng tnh ton

Sinh vin thc hin: NGUYN QUYT TIN
MSSV: 408160140
Lp: 08VTA3
Gio vin hng dn: L CHU KHN

MC LC
MC LC .........................................................................................................................
MC LC HNH ..............................................................................................................
MC LC BNG .............................................................................................................
LI M U ................................................................................................................. 1
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V CU TRC MNG V TUYN WCDMA ............ 3
1.1 Tng quan v mng thng tin di ng 3G WCDMA: ........................................... 3
1.2 Cu trc mng WCDMA: ...................................................................................... 6
1.3 Nguyn l tri ph trong h thng WCDMA: ....................................................... 8
1.4 Cc loi m c dng trong h thng WCDMA: .............................................. 10
1.5 Cc loi knh trong UTRAN: .............................................................................. 11
1.5.1 Cc knh logic: .............................................................................................. 11
1.5.2 Cc knh vt l: ............................................................................................. 12
1.5.3 Cc knh truyn ti: ....................................................................................... 13
1.5.3.1 Knh truyn ti ring: .............................................................................. 13
1.5.3.2 Cc knh truyn ti chung: ...................................................................... 13
1.6 iu khin cng sut: ........................................................................................... 13
1.7 Chuyn giao trong h thng WCDMA: ............................................................... 14
CHNG 2: QUY HOCH MNG V TUYN WCDMA ..................................... 16
2.1 Gii thiu chung v quy hoch mng: ................................................................. 16
2.2 Mt s c im cn lu trong quy hoch mng: ............................................. 17
2.2.1 D bo: .......................................................................................................... 17
2.2.1.1 D bo nhu cu dch v/thu bao: ........................................................... 17
2.2.1.2 D bo lu lng: ................................................................................... 17
2.2.1.3 D phng cho tng lai: .......................................................................... 18
2.3 Cc hot ng c th ca nh c mng WCDMA bao gm:.............................. 18
2.3.1 Phn tch vng ph: ....................................................................................... 18
2.3.1.1 Tnh ton qu ng truyn v tuyn: .................................................... 18
2.3.1.2 Xc nh kch thc : ............................................................................ 24
2.3.1.3 Tnh bn knh, din tch ph sng v quy hoch v tr cc cell: .............. 29
2.4 Phn tch dung lng: .......................................................................................... 31
2.4.1 Tnh ton h s ti : ....................................................................................... 32
2.4.1.1 H s ti ng ln: ................................................................................ 32
2.4.1.2 H s ti ng xung: ........................................................................... 34
2.4.2 M hnh tnh ton dung lng Erlang B: ....................................................... 35
2.5 nh c RNC:....................................................................................................... 38
2.6 Truyn dn cho Node B: ...................................................................................... 39
2.7 Ti u mng: ....................................................................................................... 39
CHNG 3: CHNG TRNH M PHNG TNH TON QUY HOCH MNG
3G CHO KHU VC TPHCM ....................................................................................... 41
3.1 c im chung v Thnh Ph H Ch Minh: ..................................................... 41
3.2 Thit k vo ti u mng: .................................................................................... 43
3.2.1 Cc thng s khi tnh ton thit k h thng WCDMA: ............................... 43
3.3 Tnh ton quy hoch mng cho khu vc ni thnh TP H Ch Minh: ................. 44
3.3.1 Tnh s Node B c th ph sng c ton b khu vc: .......................... 44
3.3.2 Tnh suy hao ng truyn cho php: ........................................................... 45
3.3.3 Tnh s Node B da theo bn knh phc v v din tch vng cn ph sng46
3.3.3.1 Tnh s lng cell theo yu cu vng ph sng: ..................................... 47
3.3.3.2 Tnh s lng cell theo yu cu v dung lng: ..................................... 47
3.4 Chng trnh m phng tnh ton: ....................................................................... 49
KT LUN ................................................................................................................... 55
PH LC ..........................................................................................................................
CC THUT NG V T VIT TT ..........................................................................
TI LIU THAM KHO .................................................................................................

MC LC HNH
Hnh 1.1: Cc phng thc a truy nhp ........................................................................ 3
Hnh 1.2: Cc ph tn dng cho h thng UMTS ........................................................... 4
Hnh 1.3: Vng ph sng ca UMTS .............................................................................. 6
Hnh 1.4: Cu trc tng quan h thng UMTS ............................................................... 6
Hnh 1.5: Kin trc mng 3G trong 3GPP ...................................................................... 7
Hnh 1.6: Tri ph chui trc tip (DSSS) ...................................................................... 9
Hnh 1.7: Qu trnh tri ph trong WCDMA ................................................................ 10
Hnh 1.8: S cy m OVSF ...................................................................................... 10
Hnh 1.9: Cc loi knh trong UTRAN. ........................................................................ 11
Hnh 1.10: Cc knh vt l ng ln ........................................................................... 12
Hnh 1.11: Cc knh vt l ng xung ...................................................................... 13
Hnh 2.1: M hnh CCQ ................................................................................................ 16
Hnh 2.2: Suy hao ng truyn theo bn knh vi m hnh Hata................................ 26
Hnh 2.3: Cc tham s trong m hnh Walfisch-Ikegami. ............................................. 27
Hnh 3.1: Bn Thnh Ph H Ch Minh ................................................................... 42
Hnh 3.2: M hnh truyn sng Walfisch-Ikegami ........................................................ 46
Hnh 3.3: Giao din chnh ca chng trnh m phng ................................................ 50
Hnh 3.4: Cc button trong chng trnh m phng ..................................................... 50
Hnh 3.5: Suy hao ng truyn ti tc 12.2 kbps ................................................... 51
Hnh 3.6: M hnh truyn Hata- Okumura cho thnh ph ln ...................................... 52
Hnh 3.7: M hnh truyn Walfishch-Ilegami cho thnh ph ln ................................. 53
Hnh 3.8: Tnh ton s node B ti khu vc 13 qun ni thnh TPHCM ....................... 54
Hnh 3.9: Tnh ton s node B cn thit theo yu cu dung lng. .............................. 54

MC LC BNG
Bng 1.1: Mc ch ca channelization code v scrambling code ................................ 11
Bng 2.1: Cng sut pht ca cc loi UE .................................................................... 19
Bng 2.2: Gi nh qu ng truyn ca my di ng ............................................... 21
Bng 2.3: Gi nh v qu ng truyn ca trm gc ................................................. 21
Bng 2.4: Qu ng truyn tham kho cho dch v thoi 12.2 kbps a tc .......... 22
Bng 2.5: Qu ng truyn ca cc dch v thi gian thc tc 144 kbps ............. 23
Bng 2.6: Qu ng truyn ca dch v d liu phi thi gian thc 384 kbps ........... 24
Bng 2.7: Gi tr K theo cu hnh site. .......................................................................... 30
Bng 2.8: Mi quan h gia d tr nhiu c yu cu ng vi ti ng ln. .......... 32
Bng 2.9: Cc thng s s dng trong tnh ton h s ti ng ln ............................ 34
Bng 2.10: Cc thng s s dng trong vic tnh ton h s ti ng xung ............. 35
Bng 2.11: Dung lng ca 1 RNC .............................................................................. 38
Bng 3.1: Thng k v din tch, dn s v mt dn s c ca 13 qun ni thnh
TPHCM ......................................................................................................................... 43
Bng 3.2: Suy hao ng truyn cho php ca dch v thoi 12,2 kbps ...................... 45
Hnh 3.2: M hnh truyn sng Walfisch-Ikegami. ....................................................... 46
Bng 3.3: c tnh s thu bao trong khu vc 13 qun ni thnh TPHCM ................. 48
Bng 3.4: S lng cell tnh theo yu cu v dung lng. ........................................... 49

SVTH: NGUYN QUYT TIN LP: 08VTA3 Trang 1

LI M U
Ngy nay, thng tin di ng tr thnh mt ngnh cng nghip vin thng pht
trin nhanh nht v phc v con ngi hu hiu nht. p ng nhu cu v cht
lng v dch v ngy cng nng cao, thng tin di ng cng khng ngng c ci
tin.
Cng ha chung vi s tng trng mnh khng ngng ca pht trin kinh t x
hi Vit Nam ni chung v th trng vin thng ni ring, trong nhng nm qua nc
ta c nhiu bc pht trin vt bc trong lnh vc vin thng tr thnh mt trong
nhng ngnh kinh t k thut mi nhn, ng gp mnh m vo s pht trin kinh t
x hi ni chung ca t nc.
Bng vic hng lot cc nh mng tham gia vo cuc chy ua nhm cung cp
cho khch hng cc tin ch di ng hin i nht vi cht lng dch v cao nht. Th
trng di ng 3G hin ang bc vo giai on cnh tranh cng thng nht, tnh n
thi im hin ti c 3 nh mng chnh thc cung cp cc tin ch 3G cho khch
hng l Vinaphone, Mobifone, Viettel, ngoi ra mt s nh mng khc. Vi xu th
chung pht trin thu bao di ng ti Vit Nam v nhu cu tng cao v cc dch v s
liu tc cao nh: video call, hi ngh truyn hnh, tin nhn a phng tin...ca
khch hng trong thi gian ti, mng v tuyn trn ton quc ni chung v khu vc c
th ni ring cn phi gp rt thc hin nng cp v xy dng h tng mng. Trong
qu trnh pht trin mng cc nh mng lun quan tm hng u n vn quy hoch
mng 3G v coi y l yu t tin quyt n chi ph xy dng mng, cht lng dch
v
Trong bi bo co n tt nghip ny, em chn ti Quy hoch mng v
tuyn WCDMA. ti ch yu phn tch cc vn v vng ph, dung lng, cc
yu t lin quan ng thi a ra cc vn ti u mt cch hiu qu nht trong
vic quy hoch mt mng WCDMA hin nay. ng thi n cng minh ha, m
phng mt bi ton quy hoch n gin mng v tuyn WCDMA cho khu vc ni
thnh 13 qun ni thnh ca TP H Ch Minh. Tuy nhin phn m phng ny ch
mang tnh cht minh ha, demo, tham kho da trn cc php phn tch v vng ph
v dung lng c th hin bng cc biu thc ton hc. Do thc t, cc nh mng
hin nay ca Vit Nam u s dng cc tools, cc phn mm ca cc nh sn xut thit
b hng u th gii lm cng c quy hoch mng thc t.
Trong qu trnh thc hin n tt nghip ny, em xin gi li cm n n:
- Thy L Chu Khn, cng vi cc thy trong khoa Vin Thng 2, Hc vin
cng ngh Bu chnh Vin Thng c s TPHCM trc tip, hng dn, truyn t
kin thc em hon thnh n tt nghip ny.
- Em nhn c s gip v ng vin ca gia nh, thy c v bn b.
y chnh l ngun ng vin to ln thc y em c gng hon thnh tt n tt
nghip ny.
Ni dung n Tt nghip ny gm 3 chng:
- Chng 1: Tng quan v cu trc mng v tuyn WCDMA
Chng ny ta s tm hiu s lc cu trc mng WCDMA, cc gii php k
thut trong mng WCDMA, phng php tri ph DSSS, cc m s dng trong

UMTS, giao din v tuyn v cc loi knh trong WCDMA, iu khin cng sut v
chuyn giao trong h thng WCDMA.
- Chng 2: Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA
Chng ny khi qut tng quan v nu ln cc vn v vic quy hoch mng
v tuyn, phn tch c qu ng truyn, m hnh truyn sng, tnh ton bn knh
cell v din tch cell, xc nh dung lng cell t p dng tnh ton quy hoch.
- Chng 3: Chng trnh m phng tnh ton quy hoch mng 3G cho khu vc
TPHCM
Chng ny kho st c th yu cu thc t qua tnh hnh kinh t, x hi, tnh
hnh pht trin mng vin thng ti khu vc 13 qun ni thnh TP H Ch Minh. Trn
c s , d bo v tnh ton nhu cu dung lng, vng ph xy dng thit k chi
tit mng truy nhp v tuyn WCDMA ti khu vc 13 qun ni thnh. T s dng
phn mm m phng, tnh ton s lng node B cho khu vc 13 qun ny.
Trong qu trnh lm n ny, em c gng rt nhiu song do kin thc v thi
gian hn ch nn khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st, sai lm. Em rt mong nhn
c s ph bnh, hng dn v s gip ca Thy c, bn b.
TP H Ch Minh, ngy 17 thng 12 nm 2012
Sinh vin thc hin

Nguyn Quyt Tin

CHNG 1:TNG QUAN V CU TRC MNG V TUYN WCDMA

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V CU TRC MNG V TUYN
WCDMA
1.1 Tng quan v mng thng tin di ng 3G WCDMA:
Cng vi s pht trin mnh m ca cng ngh thng tin, p ng nhu cu
ngy cng cao v cc dch v ca h thng thng tin di ng, nht l cc dch v
truyn s liu i hi cc nh khai thc phi a ra h thng thng tin di ng mi.
Trc bi cnh hip hi vin thng quc t ITU a ra n tiu chun ho
xy dng h thng thng tin di ng th h ba vi tn gi l IMT- 2000 ng thi cc
c quan v tiu chun ho xc tin vic xy dng mt tiu chun ho p dng cho
IMT- 2000 thng qua d n 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project). H thng
thng tin di ng th h ba c ra i t d n 3GPP c gi l h thng thng tin
di ng WCDMA/UMTS.
Nn tng cng ngh chnh ca WCDMA l cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia
theo m (CDMA). Trong lch s thng tin di ng tn ti cc phng thc a truy
nhp khc nhau l: FDMA a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s; TDMA a truy nhp
phn chia theo thi gian; CDMA a truy nhp phn chia theo m.
S khc nhau ca 3 phng thc truy nhp c ch ra trong hnh 1.1.

Hnh 1.1: Cc phng thc a truy nhp
WCDMA l mt cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn c pht trin mnh Chu u.
H thng ny hot ng ch FDD & TDD v da trn k thut tri ph chui trc
tip (DSSS- Direct Sequence Spectrum) s dng tc chip 3,84 Mcps bn trong
bng tn 5 MHz. WCDMA h tr trn vn c dch v chuyn mch knh v chuyn
mch gi tc cao v m bo s hot ng ng thi cc dch v hn hp vi ch
gi hot ng mc hiu qu cao nht. K thut WCDMA cho php cng mt lc
nhiu thu bao s dng chung ph tn, khi tn hiu mi thu bao truyn i c
phn tch vi nhau bng cc m trc giao vi nhau.
Mt s yu cu ca h thng 3G nh sau:
- Tc d liu (Bit rate) ln n 2 Mbps.
- Bit rate cho tng loi dch v, cc thu bao (user) c th thay i tu theo yu
cu v bng thng (bandwidth on demand).

- C th cung cp nhiu dch v vi cc yu cu cht lng khc nhau (nh thoi,
video v packet data) trn mt kt ni.
- Cc yu cu v FER l 10% v BER l 10
-6
.
- p ng cc yu cu v thi gian tr ph hp vi tng loi lu lng
(conversational, streaming, interactive and background).
- Cng tn vi cc h thng 2G v c th chuyn giao gia 2G v 3G.
- H tr lu lng khng i xng gia uplink v downlink do nhu cu thc t
ca ngi s dng.
- Nng cao hiu qu s dng ph tn s (High spectrum efficiency). UMTS c
kh nng lm vic c hai ch FDD v TDD cho php s dng hiu qu ph tn
c cp pht cc vng khc nhau.
- FDD (Frequency Division Duplex): l phng php ghp song cng trong
truyn dn ng ln v ng xung s dng hai tn s ring bit. Do h thng
c phn b mt cp bng tn ring bit.
- TDD (Time Division Duplex): l phng php ghp song cng trong ng
ln v ng xung c thc hin trn cng mt tn s bng cch s dng nhng khe
thi gian lun phin v c chia thnh hai phn: phn pht v phn thu. TDD s dng
ch yu cho cc micro cell v picro cell.
Hi ngh v tuyn th gii nm 1992 a ra cc ph tn s dng cho h thng
UMTS:
1920 1980 MHz v 2110 2170 MHz dnh cho cc ng dng FDD
(Frequency Division Duplex: Ghp knh theo tn s) ng ln v ng
xung, khong cch knh l 5MHz.
1900 1920 MHz v 2010 2025 MHz dnh cho cc ng dng TDD (Time
Division Duplex: Ghp knh theo tn s), khong cch knh l 5MHZ.
1980 2010 MHz v 2170 2200 MHz: ng xung v ng ln v
tinh.

Hnh 1.2: Cc ph tn dng cho h thng UMTS

15 85
1900 1920 1980 2010 2025 2170 2200 2110 MHz
20 60 30 30 60
UMTS TDD UMTS FDD
UMTS
Satellite

FDD: Frequency Division Duplex
TDD: Time Division Duplex
MSS: Mobile Satellite System
Mt u im ca UMTS l cung cp nhiu cc loi dch v khc nhau ty theo
nhu cu ca ngi s dng. UMTS s dng 2 loi chuyn mch l chuyn mch knh
CS (Circuit Switched) dnh cho dch v thoi, data tc thp v chuyn mch gi PS
(Packet Switched) dnh cho cc dch v data tc cao nh 128 kbps, 384 kbps. Ty
tng loi dch v m yu cu cc tham s QoS (Quality of Service: cht lng dch v)
khc nhau cho tr truyn dn ti a, tr truyn bin thin v t l li bit (BER).
Cc loi lu lng v dch v c mng 3G WCDMA h tr:
WCDMA UMTS cung cp cc loi dch v xa (teleservices) nh dch v in
thoi hoc bn tin ngn (SMS) v cc loi dch v mng (bearer service: Mt dch v
vin thng cung cp kh nng truyn tn hiu gia hai giao din ngi s dng -
mng). V th, ni chung mng 3G h tr cc dch v truyn thng a phng tin. Do
vi mi kiu lu lng cn m bo mt mc QoS nht nh ty theo ng dng ca
dch v. QoS h thng WCDMA UMTS c phn loi nh sau:
- Loi hi thoi (Conversational): dch v thoi AMR 12,2 kbps, video phone...
Dch v thoi yu cu thi gian thc, tr u cui u cui phi nh hn 300 -
400 ms. Lu lng l i xng, b codec thoi AMR cho php tc bit bin thin t
4.75 - 12,2 kbps, tu theo lu lng mng l nhiu hay t m ta cho tc ph hp.
- Loi lung (Streaming): a phng tin, video theo yu cu Loi ny c th
m bo tc bit n nh cho dch v. C th ni dch v loi ny yu cu QoS
tng i cao v cn mt lung d liu n nh v lin tc. Dch v loi ny lu lng
bt i xng v c th chu c tr cao hn loi trn.
- Loi tng tc (Interactive): duyt web, games online... Thi gian tr ca dch
v loi ny cng khng qu kht khe, t s bit li BER yu cu nh.
- Loi c bn (Background): th in t, SMS, fax... Vi loi dch v ny th
tr c th ln n vi pht, d liu phi c nhn sao cho khng c li.
Vng ph sng ca mng WCDMA UMTS c chia thnh bn vng vi cc tc
bt R
b
phc v nh sau:
- Vng 1: Vng trong nh, pico, R
b
2 Mbps
- Vng 2: Vng thnh ph, micro, R
b
384 kbps
- Vng 3: Vng ngoi , macro, R
b
144 kbps
- Vng 4: Ton cu, R
b
= 12,2 kbps


Hnh 1.3: Vng ph sng ca UMTS
1.2 Cu trc mng WCDMA:
Cu trc mng vin thng di ng ton cu (UMTS) vi c s nn tng l h
thng a truy nhp phn chia theo m bng rng (WCDMA) c khi qut bi hnh
1.4.
Uu
Iu
UE
UTRAN CN

Hnh 1.4: Cu trc tng quan h thng UMTS
H thng WCDMA c xy dng trn c s mng GPRS. V mt chc nng c
th chia cu trc mng WCDMA ra lm hai phn: mng li (CN) v mng truy nhp
v tuyn (UTRAN), trong mng li s dng ton b cu trc phn cng ca mng
GPRS cn mng truy nhp v tuyn l phn nng cp ca WCDMA.
Ngoi ra hon thin h thng, trong WCDMA cn c thit b ngi s dng
(UE) thc hin giao din ngi s dng vi h thng. T quan im chun ha, c UE
v UTRAN u bao gm nhng giao thc mi c thit k da trn cng ngh v
tuyn WCDMA, tri li mng li c nh ngha hon ton da trn GSM. iu ny
cho php h thng WCDMA pht trin mang tnh ton cu trn c s cng ngh GSM.

Hnh 1.5: Kin trc mng 3G trong 3GPP
UE (User Equipment)
Thit b ngi s dng thc hin chc nng giao tip ngi s dng vi h
thng. UE gm:
- Thit b u cui (TE: Terminal Equipment): Trong mng 3G, thit b u cui
khng n thun dnh cho in thoi m cn cung cp dch v s liu mi.
- Thit b di ng (ME: Mobile Equipment): L u cui v tuyn c s dng
cho thng tin v tuyn trn giao din Uu.
- Module nhn dng thu bao UMTS (USIM): L mt th thng minh cha thng
tin nhn dng ca thu bao, n thc hin cc thut ton nhn thc, lu gi cc kha
nhn thc v mt s thng tin thu bao cn thit cho u cui.
UTRAN (UMTS Terestrial Radio Access Network)
Mng truy nhp v tuyn c nhim v thc hin cc chc nng lin quan n
truy nhp v tuyn. UTRAN gm hai phn t :
- Node B: Thc hin chuyn i dng s liu gia cc giao din I
ub
v U
u
. N
cng tham gia qun l ti nguyn v tuyn.
- B iu khin mng v tuyn RNC: C chc nng s hu v iu khin cc ti
nguyn v tuyn trong vng (cc node B c kt ni vi n). RNC cn l im truy
cp tt c cc dch v do UTRAN cung cp cho mng li CN.
CN (Core Network)
- HLR (Home Location Register): L thanh ghi nh v thng tr lu gi thng
tin chnh v l lch dch v ca ngi s dng. Cc thng tin ny bao gm: Thng tin
v cc dch v c php, cc vng khng c chuyn mng v cc thng tin v dch
v b sung nh: trng thi chuyn hng cuc gi; s ln chuyn hng cuc gi.
- MSC/VLR (Mobile Services Switching Center/Visitor Location Register): L
tng i (MSC) v c s d liu (VLR) cung cp cc dch v chuyn mch knh
cho UE ti v tr ca n. MSC c chc nng s dng cc giao dch chuyn mch knh.
VLR c chc nng lu gi bn sao v l lch ngi s dng cng nh v tr chnh xc
ca UE trong h thng ang phc v.
TE
ME
USIM
R
Cu

Node B
RNC
Node B
Node B
RNC
Node B
I
ub
I
ur
MSC/VLR
EIR
HLR/AuC
SGSN GGSN
GMSC
E
C
D
F
Gf
Gn
Gc
Gr
PSTN
ISDN
Inter
net
Iu
Uu
UE
UTRAN CN

- GMSC (Gateway MSC): Chuyn mch kt ni vi mng ngoi.
- SGSN (Serving GPRS): C chc nng nh MSC/VLR nhng c s dng cho
cc dch v chuyn mch gi (PS).
- GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node): C chc nng nh GMSC nhng ch
phc v cho cc dch v chuyn mch gi.
Cc mng ngoi
- Mng CS : Mng kt ni cho cc dch v chuyn mch knh.
V d: Mng ISDN, PSTN.
- Mng PS : Mng kt ni cho cc dch v chuyn mch gi.
Cc giao din v tuyn
- Giao din C
U
: L giao din gia th thng minh USIM v ME. Giao din ny
tun theo mt khun dng chun cho cc th thng minh.
- Giao din U
U
: L giao din m qua UE truy cp cc phn t c nh ca h
thng v v th m n l giao din m quan trng nht ca UMTS.
- Giao din I
U
: Giao din ny ni UTRAN vi CN, n cung cp cho cc nh khai
thc kh nng trang b UTRAN v CN t cc nh sn xut khc nhau.
- Giao din I
Ur
: Cho php chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC t cc nh sn xut
khc nhau.
- Giao din I
Ub
: Giao din cho php kt ni mt node B vi mt RNC. I
Ub
c
tiu chun ha nh l mt giao din m hon ton.
1.3 Nguyn l tri ph trong h thng WCDMA:
C ba kiu h thng SS c bn: chui trc tip (DSSS: Direct Sequence
Spreading Spectrum), nhy tn (FHSS: Frequency Hopping Spreading Spectrum) v
nhy thi gian (THSS: Time Hopping Spreading Spectrum). Cng c th nhn c
cc h thng lai ghp t cc h thng ni trn. Trong h thng WCDMA l h thng
tri ph chui trc tip DSSS.
H thng DSSS t c tri ph bng cch nhn tn hiu ngun vi mt tn hiu
gi ngu nhin c tc chip (R
c
= 1/T
c
, T
c
l thi gian mt chip) cao hn nhiu tc
bit (R
b
= 1/T
b
, T
b
l thi gian mt bit) ca lung s liu cn pht.
Qu trnh tri ph trong T
b
= 15T
c
. S n gin ca b tri ph DSSS
(hnh 1.6 a), lung s liu cn truyn l x c tc l R
b
c nhn vi mt m tri
ph c c tc l R
c
c lung u ra l y c tc l R
c
ln hn rt nhiu so vi
tc R
b
ca lung vo.
Ti pha thu lung y thc hin nhim v gii tri ph khi phc li lung x
bng cch nhn lung ny vi m tri ph c ging nh pha pht:
x = yc


Hnh 1.6: Tri ph chui trc tip (DSSS)
x, y v c k hiu tng qut cho tn hiu vo, ra v m tri ph; x(t), y(t) v c(t) k
hiu cho cc tn hiu vo, ra v m tri ph trong min thi gian; X(f), Y(f) v C(f) k
hiu cho cc tn hiu vo, ra v m tri ph trong min tn s; T
b
l thi gian mt bit
ca lung s cn pht, R
b
=1/T
b
l tc bit ca lung s cn truyn; T
c
l thi gian
mt chip ca m tri ph, R
c
=1/T
c
l tc chip ca m tri ph. R
c
=15R
b
v T
b
=15T
c
.
Ta c li x l PG (Processing Gain) = R
c
/R
b
= 3840 kbps / R
b
. Thng thng
PG cng c coi nh l h s tri ph SF (Spread Factor). SF cng chnh l chiu di,
s lng chip ca chui. Ta thy rng sau khi tri ph th t s SNR ca tn hiu rt
b, do lm tng kh nng bo mt ca thng tin. Do c tnh trc giao v s t
tng quan ca cc b m m k thut tri ph cn c u im rt ln khc l chng
c phading a ng, khi cc tia phn x s b loi b, ch cn li cc tia i thng
LOS v chng c hin tng nhiu giao thoa ca cc tn hiu user trong h thng.
Khi ch c mt ngi s dng trong bng tn th khng hiu qu, nhng trong mi
trng nhiu ngi s dng, cc ngi s dng ny c th dng chung mt bng tn
R
c

R
b

x
c
y = cx
a. S tri ph DSSS
x(t)
t
T
b
t
T
T
b
= 15T
c
c(t)
t
T
c
T
b
= 15T
c
T
b
= 15T
c
y(t)
b. Qu trnh x l tn
hiu trong min thi
gian
f
X(f)
B

= R
b
B
ss
= R
c
C(f
)
Y(f)
f
f
c. Qu trnh x l tn
hiu trong min tn s

v h thng s dng bng tn c hiu qu m vn duy tr c cc u im ca tri
ph. Nh vy, trong h thng WCDMA, cc tn hiu cho ngi s dng khc nhau
c truyn i trong cng mt bng tn ti cng mt thi im. Mi tn hiu ngi s
dng ng vai tr nh l nhiu i vi tn hiu ca ngi s dng khc, dung lng
ca h thng WCDMA ph thuc vo ln ca b m tri ph, v khng c con s
ln nht c nh, nn dung lng ca h thng WCDMA c gi l dung lng
mm.
1.4 Cc loi m c dng trong h thng WCDMA:
Trong h thng tri ph chui trc tip DSSS, cc bit d liu c m ho vi
mt chui bit gi ngu nhin (PN). Mng v tuyn UMTS mng s dng mt tc
chip c nh l 3.84Mcps em li mt bng thng sng mang xp x 5MHz. D liu
c gi qua giao din v tuyn WCDMA c m ho 2 ln trc khi c iu ch
v truyn i.
Qu trnh ny c m t trong hnh v sau:

Hnh 1.7: Qu trnh tri ph trong WCDMA
Nh vy trong qu trnh trn c hai loi m c s dng l m nh knh v m
ngu nhin.
M nh knh (Channelization code):
L m Walsh to ra t ma trn Hadamard. Cc m s dng c chn da theo
cu trc cy m OVSF (Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor), nhm m bo tnh
trc giao gia cc m c s dng. Cc m la chn c xc nh bi h s tri
ph.

Hnh 1.8: S cy m OVSF


Cn phi ch rng: Mt m c th c s dng trong cell khi v ch khi khng
c m no khc trn ng dn t mt m c th n gc ca cy m hoc l trn mt
cy con pha di m c s dng trong cng mt cell. C th ni tt c cc m
c chn la s dng hon ton theo quy lut trc giao.
M ngu nhin (Scrambling code):
Uplink : Cc m hng ln c to ra s dng mt thanh ghi dch di 24 bit, do
s m c c l : 2
24
- 1 = 16.777.232, xp x 17 triu m.
Downlink : Cc m hng xung c to ra s dng mt thanh ghi dch di 18
bit, nn c 2
18
- 1 = 262143 m. Tuy nhin ch c 8192 m ngu nhin c s dng.
Mc ch ca hai m ny nh sau:
Downlink Uplink
Channelization code
(OVSF code)
Phn bit cc knh s dng
cho cc user trong cng 1 cell
Phn bit cc
knh ca cng 1
user
Scrambling Code Phn bit cc cell Phn bit cc user
Bng 1.1: Mc ch ca channelization code v scrambling code
Tm li:
- Channelization code dng phn bit cc knh vt l.
- Scrambling code dng phn bit ngun gi thng tin.
1.5 Cc loi knh trong UTRAN:

Hnh 1.9: Cc loi knh trong UTRAN.
1.5.1 Cc knh logic:
Cc knh lgic c th c chia thnh hai nhm ch yu: nhm knh iu khin v
nhm knh lu lng.
Nhm knh iu khin bao gm:
- Knh iu khin qung b BCCH.

- Knh iu khin tm gi PCCH.
- Knh iu khin dnh ring DCCH.
- Knh iu khin chung CCCH.
- Knh iu khin phn chia knh SHCCH.
- Knh iu khin ring cho ODMA ODCCH.
- Knh iu khin chung cho ODMA OCCCH.
Nhm knh lu lng bao gm:
- Knh lu lng dnh ring DTCH.
- Knh lu lng dnh ring cho ODMA DTCH.
- Knh lu lng chung CTCH.
1.5.2 Cc knh vt l:
Knh vt l tng ng vi mt tn s mang, m v i vi ng ln n cn
tng ng vi gc pha tng i (0 hay /2).
Cc knh vt l ng ln nh sau:
DPDCH: truyn knh truyn dn DCH.
DPCCH: truyn thng tin iu khin L1 nh: cc bit hoa tiu h tr nh gi
vic xc nh knh trong qu trnh pht hin tng quan, cc lnh iu khin cng sut
pht - TPC, thng tin phn hi - FBI, v mt b ch th kt hp nh dng truyn dn
TFCI.
PRACH: mang thng tin ca knh giao vn RACH.
PCPCH: mang thng tin ca knh giao vn CPCH.
Knh s liu vt l dnh ring (DPDCH)
Knh UPCH ring
(Uplink DPCH) Knh iu khin vt l dnh ring
Knh vt l (DPCCH)
ng ln
(UPCH) Knh truy cp ngu nhin vt l (PRACH)
Knh UPCH chung
(Uplink CPCH) Knh gi chung vt l (PCPCH)
Hnh 1.10: Cc knh vt l ng ln
ng xung ch c mt knh vt l ring duy nht: knh vt l ring ng
xung (downlink DPCH).
Cc knh vt l ng xung nh hnh sau:

Knh DPCH ring Knh hoa tiu chung (CPICH)
Knh vt l (Downlink DPCH) Knh vt l iu khin chung s cp
ng xung (P- CCPCH)
(DPCH) Knh vt l iu khin chung th cp
Knh DPCH chung (S- CCPCH)
(Downlink CPCH) Knh ng b (SCH)
Knh vt l ng xung dng chung
(PDSCH)
Knh ch nh bt (AICH)
Knh ch th tm gi (PICH)
Hnh 1.11: Cc knh vt l ng xung
1.5.3 Cc knh truyn ti:
Trong UTRAN s liu c to ra cc lp cao c truyn ti trn ng v
tuyn bi cc knh truyn ti bng cch sp xp cc knh ny ln cc knh vt l khc
nhau. Lp vt l c yu cu h tr cc knh truyn ti vi cc tc bit thay i
nhm cung cp cc dch v vi rng bng tn theo yu cu v ghp nhiu dch
v trn cng mt kt ni.
C hai kiu knh truyn ti: Cc knh ring v cc knh chung. im khc nhau
gia chng l: Knh chung l ti nguyn c chia s cho tt c hoc mt nhm ngi
s dng trong cell, cn ti nguyn knh ring c n nh bi mt m v mt tn s
nht nh dnh ring cho mt ngi s dng duy nht.
1.5.3.1 Knh truyn ti ring:
Knh truyn ti ring duy nht l knh ring (vit tt DCH : Dedicated Channel).
Knh truyn ti ring mang thng tin t cc lp trn lp vt l ring cho mt ngi s
dng, bao gm s liu cho dch v hin thi cng nh thng tin iu khin lp cao.
Knh truyn ti ring c c trng bi cc tnh nng nh: iu khin cng
sut nhanh, thay i tc s liu nhanh theo tng khung v kh nng pht n mt
phn cell hay on cell bng cch thay i hng Anten ca h thng anten thch ng.
Cc knh ring h tr chuyn giao mm.
1.5.3.2 Cc knh truyn ti chung:
UTRA nh ngha 6 kiu knh truyn ti chung. Cc knh ny c mt s im
khc vi cc knh trong th h th hai, chng hn truyn dn gi cc knh chung v
mt knh dng chung ng xung pht s liu gi. Cc knh chung khng c
chuyn giao mm, nhng mt s knh c iu khin cng sut nhanh.
1.6 iu khin cng sut:
Trong WCDMA, iu khin cng sut c thc hin cho c ng ln ln
ng xung. V c bn, iu khin cng sut ng xung c mc ch nhm ti
thiu nhiu n cc cell khc v b nhiu do cc cell khc gy ra cng nh nhm t
c mc SNR yu cu. Tuy nhin, iu khin cng sut cho ng xung khng
thc s cn thit nh iu khin cng sut cho ng ln. H thng WCDMA s dng

cng sut ng xung nhm ci thin tnh nng h thng bng cch kim sot nhiu
t cc cell khc.
iu khin cng sut ng ln tc ng ln cc knh truy nhp v lu lng.
N c s dng thit lp ng truyn khi khi to cuc gi v phn ng ln cc
thng ging suy hao ng truyn ln. Mc ch chnh ca iu khin cng sut
ng ln nhm khc phc hiu ng gn - xa bng cch duy tr mc cng sut truyn
dn ca cc my di ng trong cell nh nhau ti my thu trm gc vi cng mt QoS.
Do vy vic iu khin cng sut ng ln l thc hin tinh chnh cng sut truyn
dn ca my di ng. H thng WCDMA s dng hai phng php iu khin cng
sut khc nhau:
- iu khin cng sut vng h (OLPC).
- iu khin cng sut (nhanh) vng kn (CLPC).
- iu khin cng sut vng trong.
- iu khin cng sut vng ngoi.
1.7 Chuyn giao trong h thng WCDMA:
Chuyn giao trong mng WCDMA c th c phn loi theo nhiu cch khc
nhau. C th phn thnh: chuyn giao cng tn s; chuyn giao khc tn s v chuyn
giao gia cc mng khc nhau (WCDMA vi GSM). Trong phn ny, ta chia chuyn
giao trong WCDMA thnh bn loi gm: chuyn giao trong cng h thng; chuyn
giao ngoi h thng; chuyn giao cng; chuyn giao mm v mm hn.
- Chuyn giao bn trong h thng (Intra - system HO): Chuyn giao bn trong h
thng xut hin trong phm vi mt h thng. N c th chia nh thnh chuyn giao
bn trong tn s (Intra -frequency HO) v chuyn giao gia cc tn s (Inter -
frequency HO). Chuyn giao trong tn s xut hin gia cc cell thuc cng mt sng
mang WCDMA, cn chuyn giao gia cc tn s xut hin gia cc cell hot ng
trn cc sng mang WCDMA khc nhau.
- Chuyn giao gia cc h thng (Inter - system HO): Kiu chuyn giao ny xut
hin gia cc cell thuc v 2 cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn khc nhau hay cc ch
truy nhp v tuyn khc nhau. Trng hp ph bin nht cho kiu u tin dng
chuyn giao gia cc h thng WCDMA v GSM/EDGE. Chuyn giao gia 2 h
thng CDMA cng thuc kiu ny. Mt v d ca chuyn giao gia cc ch truy
nhp v tuyn khc nhau l gia cc ch UTRA FDD v UTRA TDD.
- Chuyn giao cng (HHO - Hard Handover): HHO l mt loi th tc chuyn
giao trong tt c cc lin kt v tuyn c ca mt my di ng c gii phng
trc khi cc lin kt v tuyn mi c thit lp. i vi cc dch v thi gian thc,
th iu c ngha l c mt s gin on ngn xy ra, cn i vi cc dch v phi
thi gian thc th HHO khng nh hng g. Chuyn giao cng din ra nh l chuyn
giao trong cng tn s v chuyn giao ngoi tn s.
- Chuyn giao mm (SHO) v chuyn giao mm hn (Softer HO): Trong sut
qu trnh chuyn giao mm, mt my di ng ng thi giao tip vi c 2 hoc nhiu
cell (i vi c 2 loi chuyn giao mm) thuc v cc trm gc khc nhau ca cng
mt b iu khin mng v tuyn (intra - RNC) hoc cc b iu khin mng v tuyn
khc nhau (inter - RNC). Trn ng xung (DL), my di ng nhn cc tn hiu

kt hp v nhn tn hiu c cht lng cao nht. Trn ng ln (UL), thu bao c
tch sng bi c 2 Node B (i vi c 2 kiu SHO), v c nh tuyn n b iu
khin v tuyn la chn tn hiu tt hn. Trong trng hp chuyn giao mm hn,
mt my di ng c iu khin bi t nht 2 sector trong cng mt BS, RNC khng
quan tm v ch c mt vng iu khin cng sut hot ng. Chuyn giao mm v
chuyn giao mm hn ch c th xy ra trong mt tn s sng mang, do chng l
cc qu trnh chuyn giao trong cng tn s.

CHNG 2: QUY HOCH MNG V TUYN WCDMA

2.1 Gii thiu chung v quy hoch mng:
chng trc ta tng qut chung v cu trc v c im ca h thng
thng tin di ng th h th 3. Trong chng ny s nghin cu vic quy hoch mng
v tuyn WCDMA bao gm: nh c mng; quy hoch chi tit vng ph v dung
lng; ti u ho mng.
Quy hoch mng c tin hnh trn c s yu cu ca thng s c thit lp.
Cng vic quy hoch mng c th chia thnh hai cng vic chnh l: quy hoch mng
v tuyn v quy hoch mng li. Quy hoch mng v tuyn l cng vic phc tp
nht, cng vic ny bao gm: nh kch c, quy hoch lu lng v vng ph, ti u
ho mng. giai on nh kch c s a ra kch c s i trm gc, cu hnh cc
trm gc v cc phn t khc trn c s cc yu cu ca nh khai thc v truyn sng
trong vng. nh c phi thc hin c cc yu cu ca nh khai thc v vng ph,
dung lng v cht lng phc v. Dung lng v vng ph lin quan cht ch vi
nhau trong mng di ng. V vy phi xem xt ng thi khi nh kch c mng.
Quy hoch mng v tuyn c thc hin kt hp vi cng c phn mm quy hoch
UMTS.
Khi mng i vo hot ng, c th quan st hiu nng ca h thng qua vic o
cc thng s v kt qu ca cc thng s s c s dng hin th v ti u ho
hiu nng mng. Qu trnh quy hoch v ti u ho mng c th thc hin mt cch t
ng bng cch s dng cc cng c thng minh v cc phn t mng. Thng thng
trong giai on trin khai ta thy khng th ti u khi trin khai h thng ging nh
quy hoch mng. C rt nhiu nguyn nhn buc ta phi thay i quy hoch nh
khng th t Node B ng v tr quy hoch, ny sinh cc vn v vng ph v cht
lng khi kt ni v ti u Cui cng cn phn hi kt qu thng k v o c trong
qu trnh khai thc mng lin quan n iu chnh quy hoch, m rng vng ph, dung
lng v nhu cu dch v trn c s thc t so vi nhm k thut chu trch nhim
thit k.
Vic quy hoch mng thng c da vo m hnh CCQ. M hnh CCQ m
t s cn bng gia 3 yu t: Vng ph (coverage); Dung lng (capacity); Cht lng
dch v (QoS).

Hnh 2.1: M hnh CCQ


Vic thit k mt mng UMTS l mt qu trnh b chi phi bi nhiu yu t v
yu cu thit k v yu cu v h thng. c bit l khi s ngi dng tng ln s lm
gia tng nhiu giao thoa trong vng ph, kch thc cell s b thu hp. Cc yu t v
kinh t, a l trong cu trc cell u phi c tnh n.
Trong qu trnh khi to, yu t dung lng v vng ph l hai yu t c xem
xt u tin. Khi c a vo hot ng, cc thng s k thut nh: thng k lu
lng; cc loi dch v; thng k QoS; nghn cell; lu lng vo gi cao im; thng
k v lu lng di chuyn s c gi v trung tm vn hnh bo dng (NOMC,
hay OMC, NOC).
Vi mng 3G qu trnh quy hoch v ti u / ti quy hoch l mt qu trnh lin
tc. Khi hon thnh quy hoch dung lng v vng ph sng v mt mng c xy
dng, nhng thit b u cui c a vo mng v cho php kim sot hiu sut
mng. Qu trnh ny l qu trnh lin tc m bo hiu sut v ti u ha. Mc ch
ca quy hoch mng li l kim sot v ti a ha nh hng ca ba tham s .
2.2 Mt s c im cn lu trong quy hoch mng:
2.2.1 D bo:
D bo l bc u tin v quan trng trong qu trnh quy hoch v trin khai
thnh cng mt h thng thng tin di ng. Ty theo vic quy hoch mng l mi hay
pht trin t nn tng mng hin c m d bo nhu cu dch v c th thc hin khc
nhau. D bo bao gm:
2.2.1.1 D bo nhu cu dch v/thu bao:
Mc tiu chnh ca d bo thu bao l nh gi tng s thu bao trong th trng
cn phc v. i vi mng WCDMA c kh nng cung cp nhiu dch v khc nhau
cho tng i tng khc nhau nn cn tin hnh theo tng kiu thu bao. D bo c
th chia thnh cc bc sau:
- Xc nh mc tiu d bo: gm cc mc tiu nh nhu cu dn c, nhu cu c
quan, vng mc tiu (tnh/thnh ph hay ton quc), khung kh d bo (5nm, 10
nm , 15 nm)
- Xc nh s liu cn thu thp: Mt in thoi, iu tra dn s, iu tra v
doanh nghip, mc thu nhp, tc tng trng, quy hoch pht trin tnh/thnh ph.
- Phn tch xu hng ca nhu cu: xu hng pht trin ca nhu cu i vi cc
dch v phn tch theo cc quan im: mt in thoi, cc c im ring ca vng
v so snh vi cc quc gi khc..
- Phng php d bo: c th thc hin theo mt phng php hoc kt hp cc
phng php. Thng thng c 02 phng php l: d bo theo chui thi gian v
theo m hnh ha.
2.2.1.2 D bo lu lng:
D bo lu lng l bc u tin cn thc hin trong qu trnh quy hoch
mng. D bo lu lng c th da trn c s xu th ca cc mng di ng khc
c khai thc. D bo lu lng bao gm d bo s dng lu lng voice v data.

2.2.1.3 D phng cho tng lai:
Trong thc t cho thy s pht trin nhanh ca thu bao v cc dch v mi khin
cc nh khai thc mng lun phi i mt vi cc kh khn khng nh. Do vic quy
hoch cho tng lai l rt cn thit v rt quan trng trnh vic m rng thng
xuyn, bi v d phng cho php cung cp lu lng b sung trong trng hp thu
bao tng trng nng hay s t bin v lu lng ti mt thi im.
2.3 Cc hot ng c th ca nh c mng WCDMA bao gm:
2.3.1 Phn tch vng ph:
Qu trnh phn tch vng ph v tuyn thc hin kho st cc a im cn ph
sng v kiu vng ph cn cung cp cho cc a im ny. Cc loi vng ph thng
thng nh: cc vng thng mi, cc vng dn s c mt dn s cao, v cc
ng cao tc chnh. Do vy cn phi c cc thng tin v cc vng cn ph sng. Cc
thng tin c th da trn bn nh: mt dn c, vng l thnh ph, ngoi ,
nng thn, vng no l khu thng mi, khu cng nghip
Mc ch ca qu trnh kho st ny bao gm:
- m bo cung cp mt dung lng ph hp cho cc vng ny.
- Bit c c im truyn sng ca vng xc nh mi trng truyn sng
v mi mi trng s c tc ng trc tip n m hnh truyn sng.
Ph thuc vo kiu mi trng m c th c cc mc ph sng khc nhau. V d:
i vi cc vng ngoi v thnh th th cung cp cc vng ph trong nh. Tuy nhin,
i vi cc vng c ng cao tc th ch cn n vng ph trong xe. Cn cc vng
ph khc th ch cn cung cp cc vng ph ngoi tri. i vi cc h thng GSM
kho st cc nhn t ny c th bt tay vo thit k. Nhng i vi cc h thng
WCDMA th cn phi xem xt thm kiu dch v s cung cp hoc c sn trong vng.
Sau khi nm c yu cu vng ph, tip theo ta tin hnh quy hoch vng
ph thng qua xem xt cc yu t sau: Tnh qu ng truyn; la chn m hnh
truyn sng; quy hoch v tr cell. Trong quy hoch v tr cell l bc quan trng
trong vic quy hoch h thng WCDMA bi v n s m bo mi trm thu pht xy
dng s p ng c cc tiu ch cht lng ra, trnh vic xy dng cc v tr
khng m bo.
2.3.1.1 Tnh ton qu ng truyn v tuyn:
Cng ging nh cc h thng thng tin di ng t bo khc, qu ng truyn
trong h thng WCDMA dng tnh ton suy hao ng truyn cho php ln nht
tnh ton vng ph (tnh bn knh cell) ca mt trm gc v trm di ng. Cc thnh
phn tnh suy hao cho php ln nht ca tn hiu t trm pht n trm thu gi l
qu ng truyn (ch : i vi ng ln my pht l MS, my thu l BS; i vi
ng xung: my pht l BS, my thu l MS). Qu ng truyn tng qut cho c
ng ln v ng xung bao gm cc thnh phn sau:
Ta tnh ton qu ng truyn theo chiu uplink t UE ln Node B. Tng qut,
qu ng truyn bao gm cc thnh phn sau:


Thit b di ng (UE):
UE Class Cng sut pht cc i [dbm]
1 33
2 27
3 24
4 21
Bng 2.1: Cng sut pht ca cc loi UE
- Suy hao connector v cp ca my pht : UE thng khng gi tr ny l 0 dB.
- li anten pht G
t
[dB]: cng l 0 dB v khng s dng anten ngoi.
- Suy hao do c th L
b
[dB]: ph thuc vo UE v cch ngi dng s dng n.
Chng hn nh khi dng ch hand-free, khng nht thit UE phi gn
u ngi s dng, m c th bt c u trn c th ngi, do suy hao
ny ln. Nhng khi s dng dch v videocall chng hn, th UE s c cm
ra xa c th ngi dng v suy hao ny li nh. i vi mt s ng dng vn
phng, c th c kt ni n PC, v lc ny ta c thm suy hao do thit b
na. Gi tr ny thng thng t 3 n 5 dB, gi tr in hnh l 3 dB.
Nh vy, cng sut bc x ng hng tng ng ca UE l:
EIRP(dBm) = P
t
+ G
t
- L
b
(2.1)

Node B:
- nhy thu S [dBm] ca Node B l mc tn hiu b nht cn t c ti u
thu (Node B) c c E
0
/N
0
yu cu.
- Suy hao cp v connector bn trong trm gc L
c
[dB]: bao gm suy hao tng
cng t anten n im tham chiu ca Node B. Gi tr ny bng nhau c
ng xung v ng ln. Thng thng suy hao ny do feeder chim ch
yu.
- Suy hao do trong xe hoc trong nh L
x
[dB]: trc y suy hao do trong
xe c tnh vo khong 3dB, tuy nhin i vi cc loi xe sau ny gi tr ny
khong 10dB. Cui cng, gi tr ny c xem xt l dao ng trong khong 6 -
10 dB.
- Tng cng sut nhiu ca Node B c cho nh sau:
N = kTB.NF t : N(dBm) = N
0
+ B + NF -174 + 10 log(3,84.10
6
) (2.2)
Vi NF l h s nhiu ca Node B, gi tr in hnh l NF = 5 dB, do :
N(dBm) = -174 + 10 log(3,84.10
6
) +5 = -103, 2dBm
Trong WCDMA, c mt s cc thng s c bit trong qu ng truyn m
khng c s dng trong h thng truy nhp v tuyn ca GSM, l:


d tr nhiu:
d tr nhiu l mt hm s ca tng cng ti trong cell. Ti ca cell v h s
ti tc ng nn vng ph, nn cn phi c d tr nhiu. Nu cho php ti trong h
thng cng ln, d tr nhiu cn thit cho ng ln cng ln v vng ph cng
nh. Gi tr ti tng cng c nh hng trc tip n vng ph cell v v th m nh
hng gin tip n cht lng ca cc dch v. i vi cc trng hp gii hn vng
ph cn mt d tr nhiu nh hn, cn i vi trng hp gii hn dung lng th
s dng d tr nhiu ln hn. Trong trng hp gii hn vng ph, kch c cell b
gii hn bi gi tr suy hao ln ng truyn ln nht cho php trong qu ng
truyn v khng s dng ht dung lng giao din v tuyn ln nht ca site trm gc.
Thng thng gi tr d tr nhiu trong trng hp gii hn vng ph l 1.0 -
3.0dB, tng ng vi ti 20-50%.
d tr fadinh nhanh (khong h iu khin cng sut):
Mt s khong h cn cho cng sut pht ca trm di ng duy tr vic iu
khin cng sut hp l. Thng s ny c p dng mt cch c bit cho MS i b di
chuyn chm m ti iu khin cng sut nhanh c th b fadinh nhanh mt cch
hiu qu.
Mt nh hng khc ca iu khin cng sut nhanh l tng cng sut pht cn
thit trung bnh (mc tng cng sut pht). Trong trng hp MS di chuyn chm,
iu khin cng sut c th theo kp knh fadinh v mc tng cng sut trung bnh.
iu ny rt cn thit trong cc cell ca MS cung cp cht lng tt nht cho
cc kt ni v khng gy ra bt c mt tc hi no khi cng sut pht tng c b bi
knh fadinh. Tuy nhin i vi cell ln cn th li tng thm nhiu bi v fadinh nhanh
trong cc knh l khng tng quan. Cc gi tr thng thng ca d tr fadinh
nhanh l 2.0 - 5.0dB i vi cc MS di chuyn chm.
li chuyn giao mm:
Chuyn giao mm hay cng cung cp mt li chng li fadinh chm bng
cch gim d tr fadinh chun log yu cu. Do trn thc t fadinh chm mt phn
khng tng quan gia cc cell, v bng cch thc hin chuyn giao, my di ng c
th chn la mt lin kt thng tin tt hn. Hn na, chuyn giao mm em li mt
li phn tp b sung chng li fadinh nhanh bng cch gim E
b
/N
0
tu theo lin kt v
tuyn n do tc dng ca vic kt hp phn tp macro. Tng li l mt hm s ca
tc my di ng v ph thuc vo thut ton kt hp phn tp c s dng trong
b thu v hin trng tr knh.
Sau y s a ra cc v d v qu lin kt cho cc dch v UMTS in hnh:
dch v thoi 12.2kbps s dng b m ho, gii m thoi a tc thch nghi AMR,
dch v d liu thi gian thc 144 kbps v dch v d liu phi thi gian thc 384 kbps
trong mi trng t bo macro th vi mc tng nhiu ng ln l 3dB. d tr
nhiu 3dB c s dng cho mc tng cng sut ng ln.
Cc gi nh trong qu ng truyn ca cc b thu v pht c ch ra trong
bng 2.2 v 2.3.


u cui thoi u cui d liu
Cng sut pht ln nht 21dBm 24 dBm
Tng ch anten 0dBi 2dBi
Suy hao c th 3dB 0dB
Bng 2.2: Gi nh qu ng truyn ca my di ng
Nhiu 5dB
Tng ch ca Anten 18 dBi (trm gc 3 sector)
E
b
/N
0
yu cu Thoi : 5.0dB
D liu thi gian thc 144 kbps: 1.5 dB
D liu phi thi gian thc 384 kbps: 1.0 dB
Suy hao cp 2.0 dB
Bng 2.3: Gi nh v qu ng truyn ca trm gc
Qu ng truyn trong bng 2.4 c tnh ton cho tc thoi 12.2 kbps i
vi ngi s dng trong xe bao gm suy hao trong xe l 8.0dB. Trng hp ny khng
s dng d tr fadinh bi v ti tc 120km/h iu khin cng sut nhanh khng
th b fadinh. Gi s E
b
/N
0
yu cu l 5.0dB. E
b
/N
0
yu cu tu thuc vo tc bit,
dch v v hin trng a ng, tc di ng, cc thut ton b thu v cu trc anten
trm gc. i vi my di ng tc thp, E
b
/N
0
yu cu thp nhng li i hi d
tr fadinh nhanh.
Dch v thoi 12.2 kbps (120 km/h, trong xe hi)
Trm pht (my di ng)
Cng sut pht ln nht ca MS [W] 0.125
Cng sut pht ln nht ca MS [dBm] 21.0 a
tng ch ca anten MS [dBi] 0.0 b
Suy hao c th [dB] 3.0 c
Cng sut bc x ng hng tng ng
(EIRP) [dBm]
18.0 d =a+b-c
Trm thu (Trm gc)
Mt tp m nhit [dBm/Hz] -174.0 e

Dng nhiu b thu trm gc [dB] 5.0 f
Mt tp m b thu [dBm/Hz] -169.0 g=e+f
Cng sut tp m b thu [dBm] -103.2 h=g+10*log(3840000)
d tr nhiu [dB] 3.0 i
Tp m hiu dng tng cng + nhiu [dBm] -100.2 j =h+i
li x l [dB] 25.0 k=10*log (3840/12.2)
E
b
/N
0
yu cu [dB] 5.0 l
nhy thu [dBm] -120.2 m =l-k+j
tng ch anten trm gc [dBi] 18.0 n
Suy hao cp bn trong trm gc [dB] 2.0 o
d tr fadinh nhanh [dB] 0.0 p
Suy hao ng truyn ln nht [dB] 154.2 q = d - m + n - o - p
Cc thnh phn khc
d tr fadinh normal log [dB] 7.3 r
li chuyn giao mm [dB], nhiu cell 3.0 s
Suy hao do trong xe [dB] 8.0 t
Suy hao truyn sng c php i vi phm
vi ca cell [dB]
141.9 u = q - r + s-t
Bng 2.4: Qu ng truyn tham kho cho dch v thoi 12.2 kbps a tc
(120km/h, ngi s dng trong xe t)
Bng 2.5 ch ra qu ng truyn cho cc dch v thi gian thc 144 kbps khi
xc sut v tr bn trong nh l 80% c cung cp bi cc trm gc ngoi tri.
Bng 2.5 ch ra rng qu ng truyn ca dch v d liu thi gian thc 144
kbps ch khc vi dch v thoi 12.2 kbps v li x l, cng sut pht my di ng
cao hn, v E
b
/N
0
yu cu thp hn. Hn na, khong h l 4.0dB c d tr cho
iu khin cng sut nhanh c th b cho fadinh ti tc 3km/h. Gi s suy hao thm
nhp to nh bnh qun l 15dB.
Dch v d liu 144 kbps
Trm pht (my di ng)
(EIRP) [dBm]
26.0 d =a+b-c
Trm thu (Trm gc)

li x l [dB] 14.3 k=10*log (3840/144)
E
b
/N
0
yu cu [dB] 1.5 l
Suy hao ng truyn ln nht [dB] 151.0 q = d - m + n - o p
Cc thnh phn khc
Suy hao do trong xe , trong nh [dB] 15.0 t
vi ca cell [dB]
133.8 u= q - r + s-t
Bng 2.5: Qu ng truyn ca cc dch v thi gian thc tc 144 kbps
(vn tc di ng 2km/h, ngi s dng trong nh c phc v bi BS ngoi tri)
Gi tr q a ra suy hao ng truyn ln nht gia anten my di ng v trm
gc. d tr b sung r v t cn m bo cho vng ph indoor vi s c mt ca
vt che khut. S che khut gy ra bi cc to nh, qu i v c m hnh ho bi
fadinh chun log. Gi tr u dng tnh ton kch c cell.
Dch v d liu phi thi gian thc 384 kbps
Trm pht (my di ng)
(EIRP) [dBm]
26.0 d =a+b-c
Trm thu (Trm gc)

li x l [dB] 10.0 k=10*log (3840/384)
E
b
/N
0
yu cu [dB] 1.0 l
Suy hao ng truyn ln nht [dB] 147.2 q = d - m + n - o - p
Cc thnh phn khc
Suy hao do trong xe [dB] 0.0 t
vi ca cell [dB]
139.9 u = q - r + s-t
Bng 2.6: Qu ng truyn ca dch v d liu phi thi gian thc 384 kbps
(3km/h, ngi s dng ngoi tri, knh Vehicular A, khng chuyn giao mm)
2.3.1.2 Xc nh kch thc :
Sau khi tnh c suy hao ng truyn cc i ta tnh c bn knh cell (R)
cc i tho mn yu cu truyn nhn thng tin da vo cc m hnh truyn sng. Do
c im truyn sng khng n nh, nn cc m hnh truyn sng u mang tnh thc
nghim.
C rt nhiu m hnh truyn sng cho 3G. Nhng trong phm vi n ny chng
ta ch tm hiu v 2 m hnh truyn l m hnh Hata-Okumura v m hnh
Walfisch-Ikegami. y l 2 m hnh rt ph hp vi quy hoch 3G Vit Nam.
M hnh HataOkumura:
M hnh ny l quan h thc nghim c rt ra t bo co k thut ca
Okumura cho php s dng cc kt qu vo cc cng c tnh ton. Bo co ca
Okumura bao gm mt chui cc lu c s dng lp m hnh thng tin v
tuyn. Da trn cc o lng c thc hin bi Y.Okumura Tokyo ti tn s 1920
MHz, cc o lng ny va khp vi m hnh ton hc ca M.Hata.
Trong m hnh ny, ban u suy hao ng truyn c tnh bng cch tnh h
s iu chnh anten cho cc vng th l hm ca khong cch gia trm gc, trm di
ng v tn s. H s ny c a vo suy hao khng gian t do. Kt qu c iu
chnh bng cc h s cho cao anten trm gc v trm di ng. Ngoi ra, cc h s

iu chnh c cp cho hng ph, cc vng ngoi , cc vng m v cc a hnh
khng u.
M hnh Hata c p dng cho cc thng s trong phm vi sau:
- Tn s sng mang f
c
: 150 - 1500 (MHz)
- Bn knh cell : 1 - 20 (km)
- cao anten trm gc h
b
: 30 - 200 (m)
-

cao anten trm di ng h
m
: 1 - 10 (m)
COST 231 m rng m hnh Hata thm di tn t 1500 2000 MHz p
dng cho cc h thng UMTS.
Cc biu thc ton hc c s dng trong m hnh Hata-Okumura xc nh
suy hao trung bnh :
L
p
= 69,55+26,16.lg f
c
13,28.lg h
b
a(h
m
) + (44,9-6,55.lg h
b
).lg R (dB), (2.3)
trong
f
c
: Tn s hot ng (MHz).
L
p
: Suy hao cho php.
h
b
: cao anten trm gc (m) .
R : Bn knh cell (km).
a(h
m
) : H s hiu chnh cho cao anten di ng (dB).
+H s hiu chnh (h
m
) c tnh nh sau :
- i vi thnh ph ln:
a(h
m
) =8,29.(lg 1,54h
m
)
2
- 1,1 (dB) vi f
c
>200MHz (2.4)
a(h
m
) =3,2.(lg 11,75h
m
)
2
- 4,97 (dB) vi f
c
>400MHz (2.5)
- i vi thnh ph nh v trung bnh :
a(h
m
) = (1,11.lg f
c
0,7).h
m
(1,56.lg f
c
0,8) (dB) (2.6)
Nh vy bn knh c tnh :

( ) | |
b
m b c p
h
h a h f L
R
lg . 55 , 6 9 , 44
lg . 28 , 13 lg . 26 , 26 55 , 69
lg
+ +
= (2.7)
- Vng ngoi :
Vi vng ngoi h s hiu chnh suy hao so vi vng thnh ph l :

L
no
= L
p
- 2
(
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
4 , 5
28
lg
2
c
f
(dB) (2.8)
- Vng nng thn:
Vi vng nng thn h s hiu chnh suy hao so vi vng thnh ph l:
L
nt
= L
p
4,78.(lg f
c
)
2
+18,33(lg f
c
) - 35,94 (dB) (2.9)
Ta c th biu din suy hao ng truyn theo khong cch d cc loi khu
vc dn c nh sau:
- Vng khu vc m rng:
L
mr
= L
p
4,78.(lg f
c
)
2
+18,33(lg f
c
) - 40,49 (dB) (2.10)

Hnh 2.2: Suy hao ng truyn theo bn knh vi m hnh Hata
Hnh 2.2 biu din 4 ng suy hao ca bn vng: vng thnh ph ln; vng
thnh ph nh v trung bnh; vng ngoi ; vng m rng. T hnh v ta cng c th
thy suy hao ln nht khu vc thnh ph ln v suy hao nh nht vng khu vc
m rng do c tnh a hnh. Suy hao ca mi vng ph thuc a hnh mi trng
truyn sng ca vng .
- M hnh Walfisch-Ikegami (hay COST 231):
M hnh ny c s dng nh gi suy hao ng truyn mi trng thnh
ph cho h thng thng tin di ng t ong. M hnh ny cha cc phn t: suy hao
khng gian t do; suy hao tn x v nhiu x nhiu vt chn; suy hao nhiu x mi
nh.
M hnh Walfisch Ikegami thch hp cho cc khu vc th, cc thnh ph ln
v trung bnh, nh.


M hnh ny p dng cho cc thng s tha iu kin:
- Tn s sng mang f
c
: 800 - 2000 (MHz)
- Bn kinh cell : 0,02 - 5 (km)
- cao anten trm gc h
b
: 4 - 50 (m)
-

cao anten trm di ng h
m
: 1 - 3 (m)

Hnh 2.3: Cc tham s trong m hnh Walfisch-I kegami.
Suy hao cho php trong m hnh ny c tnh nh sau :
L
cp
= L
f
+ L
rts
+ L
msd
(2.11)
Vi suy hao khng gian t do c xc nh nh sau :

c f
f R L lg . 20 lg . 20 4 , 32 + + =
,
(2.12)
trong
f
c
: Tn s hot ng.
R : Bn knh cell.
Nhiu x mi nh ph v suy hao tn x c tnh :

o c m rts
L W f h L + + A + = lg . 10 lg . 10 lg . 20 9 . 16 (2.13)
L
o
l sai s do tn x v nhiu x, c xc nh bi:

( )
s s
s s +
=
0 0
0 0
0
55 0 , 646 , 9
90 55 , 55 075 , 0 5 , 2

dB
dB
L
, (2.14)

h
1
h
1
h
1
h
1
h
1
h
1
h
1
h
1
h
1
h
1
h
1
h
1
h
1
h
1

d
h
2

Anten trm gc
Anten trm di ng
To nh
w
b
h
r

Hng di chuyn
|
Hng sng
Di ng

trong
W : rng ph.
: Gc n so vi trc ph
h
r
: cao nh. Ah
m
= h
r
h
m
(m)
h
m
: cao Anten trm di ng.
Suy hao vt chn :

b f k R k k L L
c f d a bsh msd
lg . 9 lg . lg . + + + =
, (2.15)
trong
b l khong cch gia cc to nh dc theo ng truyn
L
bsh
l suy hao do che khut khi anten t cao hn ta nh v c xc
nh bi:

<
> A +
=
r b
r b b
bsh
h h
h h h
L
, 0
), 1 lg( . 18
, h
b
l cao anten BS (2.16)
k
a
=54, h
b
>h
r

k
a
= 54 0,8, h
b
>=h
r
v R>=500 m (2.17)
k
a
=54-1,6Ah
b
R , h
b
>=h
r
v R<500 m
<
>
A
A
=
r b
r b
m
b
d
h h
h h
h
h
k
, 18
,
15
18
(2.18)
|
.
|
\
|
+ = 1
925
5 , 1 4
c
f
f
k vi thnh ph ln (2.19)
|
.
|
\
|
+ = 1
925
7 , 0 4
c
f
f
k vi thnh ph trung bnh (2.20)
Nh vy bn knh cell tnh theo m hnh Walf Ikegami l :

( )
( )
d
c f a m bsh o cp
k
f k b k h W L L L
R
+
+ A +
=
20
7 , 15 lg . 30 lg . 9 lg . 20 lg . 10
lg (2.21)
C th s dng cc gi tr mc nh sau cho m hnh:
b = 20 50m; W = b/2; = b/2; h
r
= 3 x (s tng) + h
m

vi: h
m
= 3 m cho nc nh c cao, 0 m cho nc nh phng.
Suy hao ng truyn d on theo m hnh Hata thp hn so vi m hnh
Walfisch-Ikegami. Tuy nhin, m hnh Hata b qua nh hng ca rng ng

ph, tn x ph v cc suy hao tn x. Cc nh hng ny c xt n m hnh
Walfisch-Ikegami.
M hnh Walfisch-Ikegami s c s dng cho phng n tnh ton thit k v
m hnh ny thch hp vi iu kin vi mi trng th Vit Nam, tnh ton d
dng bng chng trnh trn my tnh.
2.3.1.3 Tnh bn knh, din tch ph sng v quy hoch v tr cc cell:
Sau kh tnh c suy hao cho php ca tng loi dch v khc nhau, ta d dng
tnh c bn knh cell ti a da vo cc phng trnh suy hao ca m hnh Hata
hoc Walfisch-Ikegami. i vi vic quy hoch cho cc khu vc th th m hnh
Walfisch-Ikegami ph hp v mang tnh chnh xc hn. p dng cho khu vc 13 qun
ni thnh TP HCM.Ta s tnh bn knh cell cho cc thu bao s dng dch v thoi
12.2 kbps trong xe hi ca mng UMTS do nh cung cp dch v Mobifone c tn s
1930 MHz. Theo nh mc 2.3.2 ta tnh c suy hao cho php l 141,9 dB ( xt
trong 120km/h, ngi s dng trong xe t).
p dng m hnh truyn sng Walfisch-Ikegami, ta c cc thng s sau:
msd rts f cp
L L L L + + =
R R f R L
c f
lg 20 1 , 98 1930 lg 20 lg 20 4 , 32 lg 20 lg 20 4 , 32 + = + + = + + = (dB)
o c m rts
L W f h L + + A + = lg . 10 lg . 10 lg . 20 9 . 16 (dB)
Khong cch gia cc ta nh: b = 30m.
rng ng ph: W = b/2 = 15m.
Gc ti ca tia sng t ta nh n mt ng: = b/2 = 20 .
cao trung bnh ca cc ta nh: h
r
=15m.
cao ca anten mobile trung bnh l: h
m
= 1,5 m
cao trung bnh ca anten Node B l: h
b
= 25 m
h
m
= h
r
h
m
= 13,5 m.
h
b
= h
b
h
r
= 10 m.
dB L
o
646 , 9 =
Do :

) ( 15 , 17 646 , 9 15 lg 10 1930 lg 10 5 , 13 lg 20 9 , 16 dB L
rts
= + + =

b f k R k k L L
c f d a bsh msd
lg . 9 lg . lg . + + + =
,

trong
dB L
bsh
74 , 18 ) 10 1 lg( 18 = + =

54 =
a
k

18 =
d
k


629 , 5 1
925
1930
. 5 , 1 4 =
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
f
k

Do :
R R L
msd
lg 18 46 , 40 30 lg . 9 1930 lg . 629 , 5 lg . 18 54 74 , 18 + = + + + =

R R R L L L L
msd rts f cp
lg 38 71 , 155 lg 18 46 , 40 15 , 17 lg 20 1 , 98 + = + + + + = + + =

Vi suy hao cho php l 141,9 dB ta tnh c bn knh cell cc i nh sau:
369 , 0
38
71 , 155 9 , 141
lg =
|
.
|
\
|

= R

R = 0,4275

Km
Sau khi tnh c bn knh cell cc i ca chng, t ta c th tnh c din
tch ph sng ca cell (ph thuc vo cu hnh phn on ca anten trm gc) theo
cng thc:
S = K . R
2
(2.22)
Vi K l h s ng vi s on trong cell c cho trong bng sau:
Cu hnh site V hng 2 on 3 on 6 on
K 2.6 1.3 1.95 2.6
Bng 2.7: Gi tr K theo cu hnh site
Thng thng cc nh khai thc mng thng c cu hnh Node B l 3 sector, p
dng cho bi ton v d trn ta tnh c din tch ph sng ca cell l:
S = 1,95.0,4275
2
=0,3564km
2
T kt qu trn ta d dng thy rng trong h thng WCDMA vi mt sng
mang c rng 5 MHz ti tn s 1900/2100 MHz th bn knh ph sng s thp hn
ca GSM v nhng l do sau (nu pht cng cng sut/carrier vi GSM):
- Tn s pht ca WCDMA cao hn nn s b suy hao trong khng gian nhiu
hn GSM900.
- rng knh ca WCDMA l 5 MHz trong khi ca GSM l 200 KHz nn c
ly knh truyn cng s b hn ch hn so vi ca GSM.
Bn knh ph sng ca WCDMA nh hn ca GSM, v vy khi nng cp h
thng t GSM ln WCDMA th s lng Node B s phi ln hn nhiu so vi s
lng BTS ca GSM th mi m bo ph sng c nh GSM.
Sau khi tnh ton c bn knh ph sng ca cell v din tch ph sng ca tng
Node B, cng vic tip theo l phi quy hoch v tr Cell. l mt bc quan trng

trong vic quy hoch h thng mng UMTS bi v n m bo cho mi i trm c
xy dng p ng c nhng tiu ch cht lng c ra ca b phn k thut
v tuyn, trnh vic thit k i trm v tr khng m bo cht lng.
Mt s bc c bn quy hoch v tr Cell:
- Tm kim vng:
Tm kim vng thc hin cc nghin cu vng v cn c vo mc tiu thit
k, cc yu cu ca b phn k thut v tuyn a ra cc thng s ng c.
Kt qu ca bc ny l a ra ti liu m t cc thng s ca cc vng ng
c cho vic t i trm.
- Kim tra cht lng v tr:
V chi ph cho vic xy dng trm l rt cao cho nn cn phi c kim tra
thn trng theo quy trnh nghim ngt cc v tr xy dng nhm m bo vic
la chn v tr l ng n v trm khi c lp t s hot ng vi cht
lng cao.
- Chp nhn/ Loi b v tr (SA):
C hai trng hp xy ra cho vic xy dng trm ca mi v tr ng c. Nu v
tr ng c qua c bc kim tra cht lng th cn c kim tra nh li
thit k theo cc mc tiu nh. Trong trng hp khng p ng c yu
cu c ra, cn phi lp mu loi b trm c th s dng trong
tng lai khi n tr thnh kh dng, ng thi phi s dng mt v tr d
phng khc.
- Kch hot v tr trm:
Nu v tr no c chp nhn v tr s c chp nhn c s dng
xy dng trm, nhng cn phi nh gi hiu qu vic thit k. Thng thng,
ti Vit Nam hin nay, cc nh khai thc mng v l do v kinh t, thng t
cc Node B cng v tr vi cc BTS sn c ca mng GSM tn dng trong
vic thu a im t trm pht sng. V 3G l mt h thng c lp vi
GSM 2G nn khi nng cp ln 3G th hu nh phi u t mi ton b t trm
pht sng.Tuy nhin chng ta c th dng chung h thng cp quang truyn
dn c sn.
2.4 Phn tch dung lng:
Da vo qu ng truyn v s dng m hnh truyn sng ph hp s tnh c
vng ph v tuyn ban u (cng vic ny thng c thc hin bng phn mm quy
hoch).
Tuy nhin y ch l mt phn quy hoch ban u. Bc tip theo l cn lm cho
quy hoch c hiu qu m bo h tr ti (hay dung lng) d kin. D tr nhiu
c s dng loi b nhiu do cc ngi s dng khc s to ra. Ti cng ln th
nhiu cng ln v d tr nhiu cng phi cng ln loi b nhiu .

Ti cell ng ln
(%)
0 10 20 50 75 90 95 99
D tr nhiu (dB) 0 0.46 1 3 6 10 13 20
Bng 2.8: Mi quan h gia d tr nhiu c yu cu ng vi ti ng ln
T bng 2.8 c th thy tng tp m tin n v cng khi ti ca tin n
100%. Ti ca cell cng ln th tp m cng tng v vng ph ca cell cng nh.
Khng th t c ti cell bng 100% nhng hon ton c th t c ti cell
bng 60%-70%. Phi chuyn i t ti cell tnh theo phn trm sang mt tham s o
s s dng ca thu bao nh: tng s thu bao i vi mt vng dch v cho trc,
tng thng lng. iu ny cho php bit c vng ph ca cell c th h tr ti n
c hiu qu hay khng. V d: gi s quy hoch cell da vo qu ng truyn cho
mt dch v c th (chng hn nh dch v d liu 128 kbps) v mt d tr nhiu c
th (chng hn 4dB cho ti ng ln bng 60%). Mt cell cho trc c mt vng ph
c th. Sau kho st vng ph v nh gi xem ti d kin trong vng ph s nh
hn ti c a ra trong quy hoch ln u hay khng. Nu khng h tr c ti
trong mt s khu vc th cn phi sa i bn quy hoch (c th bng cch b sung
trm gc) v qu trnh quy hoch l mt qu trnh lp nhiu ln c gi tr cn
tnh.
2.4.1 Tnh ton h s ti :
2.4.1.1 H s ti ng ln:
Hiu sut ph theo l thuyt ca cell WCDMA c th c tnh ton t phng
trnh ti. Trc ht ta xc nh E
b
/N
0
, nng lng trn mt bit ngi s dng chia cho
mt ph tp m:
Tn hiu ca ngi s dng th j
(E
b
/N
0
)
j
= li ca ngi s dng j.
Tng cng sut thu
j total
j
j j
P I
P
R v
W
= ) /N (E
j 0 b

(2.23)
Trong , W l tc chip, P
j
l cng sut tn hiu thu t ngi s dng, v
j
l h
s hot ng ca ngi s dng j, R
j
l tc bit ca ngi s dng j, v I
total
l tng
cng sut thu bng rng bao gm cng sut tp m nhit trong trm gc. Suy ra P
j

c tnh nh sau:
total
j j
j
I
v R
P

+
=
j 0 b
) /N (E
W
1
1
(2.24)


t P
j
= L
j

total
I th h s ti L
j
ca mt kt ni nh sau:
j j
j
v R
L

+
=
j 0 b
) /N (E
W
1
1
(2.25)
Nhiu thu tng cng khng tnh tp m nhit P
N
, c th c tnh bng tng ca
cng sut thu t N ngi s dng trong cng mt cell.

= =
= =
N
j
total j
N
j
j N total
I L P P I
1 1
(2.26)
Mc tng tp m c nh ngha l t s gia tng cng sut thu bng rng v
cng sut tp m:

N
total
P
I
NR =
(2.27)
S dng phng trnh 2.25 ta c:
UL
N
j
j
N
total
L
P
I
NR
q
=
= =
=
1
1
1
1
1
(2.28)
Trong h s ti
UL
q c nh ngha nh sau:
=
=
N
j
j UL
L
1
q
(2.29)
Khi
UL
q tin gn ti 1, mc tng tp m tng ng gn ti gi tr khng xc nh
v h thng t c dung lng ti im cc ca n.
Thm vo , trong h s ti, nhiu t cc cell khc phi c quan tm, t s
nhiu t cc cell khc v ca chnh cell l i c tnh nh sau:
i = nhiu t cc cell khc/ nhiu ca chnh cell .
H s ti c th vit nh sau:

= =

+
+ = + =
N
j
N
j
j j
j UL
v R
i L i
1 1
j 0 b
) /N (E
W
1
1
) 1 ( ) 1 ( q
(2.30)
Vi N s dng mt loi dch v nh nhau th ta c th tnh h s ti bng cng
thc sau:

v R
N
i
UL

+
+ =
0 b
/N E
W
1
) 1 ( q
(2.31)
Cc thng s cho vic tnh ton h s ti ng ln c ch ra trong bng .
nh ngha Gi tr khuyn ngh
N S ngi s dng trn mt cell
V
j
H s hot ng ca ngi s dng j
ti lp vt l
0.67 cho thoi, gi s 50% hot
ng thoi v tng ph DPCCH
trong sut DTX.
1.0 i vi d liu
E
b
/N
0
Nng lng tn hiu ca mt bit chia
cho mt ph tp m c yu cu
p ng QoS (v d nh t s li
bit). Tp m bao gm c tp m nhit
v nhiu.
Ph thuc vo dch v, tc
bit, knh fadinh a ng,
phn tp anten thu, tc di
ng
Dch v thoi : 5dB
Dch v data 144 kbps: 1.5dB
W Tc chip WCDMA 3.84 Mcps
R
j
Tc bit ca ngi s dng j Ph thuc vo dch v
i T s nhiu t cc cell khc v chnh
cell c xem xt bi b thu trm
gc
Cell macro vi cc anten a
hng: 55%, Macro cell vi 3
sector: 65%
Bng 2.9: Cc thng s s dng trong tnh ton h s ti ng ln
Phng trnh ti m t tng mc tng tp m vt qu tp m nhit do nhiu.
Mc tng tp m = -10log
10
(1-
UL
q ). d tr nhiu trn hng i trong qu ng
truyn phi bng vi mc tng tp m ln nht hoch nh. T s E
b
/N
0
ph thuc
vo iu khin cng sut vng kn v chuyn giao mm. nh hng ca chuyn giao
mm c tnh bi li kt hp phn tp v m theo kt qu E
b
/N
0
ca lin kt n.
2.4.1.2 H s ti ng xung:
H s ti ng xung c xc nh da vo nguyn l tng t nh i vi
ng ln:

| |
j j
N
j
b
j DL
i
N E
v + =
=
) 1 (
W/R
) / (
1
j
0
o q

(2.32)
Trong m hnh nhiu ng xung, nh hng ca chuyn giao mm c th
c m hnh ho theo 2 cch:
1. Tng s kt ni bi trong chuyn giao mm UE lin kt ng thi vi c 2
Node B, v gim E
b
/N
0
cn thit trn mt lin kt vi li chuyn giao mm.
2. Gi cho s kt ni c nh, ngha l bng s ngi s dng, v s dng kt
hp yu cu E
b
/N
0
.

Gi s li chuyn giao mm trn 1 lin kt l 3dB, t s E
b
/N
0
kt hp ging
nhau trong c hai trng hp c v khng c chuyn giao mm. Ta khng cn quan
tm nh hng ca chuyn giao mm trong qu trnh nh c giao din v tuyn.
nh ngha Gi tr khuyn ngh
N S ngi s dng trn mt cell
v
j
H s hot ng ca ngi s dng j ti
lp vt l
0.58 cho thoi,
1.0 i vi d liu
E
b
/N
0
Nng lng tn hiu ca mt bit chia cho
mt ph tp m c yu cu p
ng QoS cho trc(v d nh t s li
bit). Tp m bao gm c tp m nhit v
nhiu.
Ph thuc vo dch v, tc
bit, knh fadinh a ng,
phn tp anten thu, tc di
ng
W Tc chip WCDMA 3.84 Mcps
R
j
Tc bit ca ngi s dng j Ph thuc vo dch v
j
o
Tnh trc giao ca knh ngi s dng j Ph thuc vo qu trnh truyn
sng a ng.
1: Knh mt ng hon ton
trc giao.
0: Khng trc giao
i
j
T s cng sut cc cell khc vi cng
sut cell phc v, c thu bi ngi s
dng j
Mi ngi s dng c mt i
j

khc ph thuc vo v tr ca n
trong cell v vt che khut log-
normal.
o
H s trc giao trung bnh trong cell Knh ITU Vehicular A: ~50%
Knh ITU Pedestrian A: ~90%
i T s cng sut t cc cell khc v cell
phc v c thu bi ngi s dng.
Nhiu cell phc v y l bng rng
Cell macro vi cc anten a
hng: 55%, Macro cell vi 3
sector: 65%
Bng 2.10: Cc thng s s dng trong vic tnh ton h s ti ng xung
Ch : Cell phc v l cell phc v tt nht. Nu mt ngi s dng ang thc
hin chuyn giao mm, tt c cc trm gc khc trong tp hp tch cc c tnh l
cell khc.
2.4.2 M hnh tnh ton dung lng Erlang B:
Da vo qu ng truyn v s dng m hnh truyn sng ph hp s tnh c
vng ph ban u. Tuy nhin y ch l mt phn quy hoch ban u. Bc tip theo
l vic quy hoch l tnh ton dung lng ca h thng ti a t xem xt c hiu
qu h tr ti hay dung lng d kin ban u khng. Thc t khng th t c
ti cell bng 100% l tng m ti cell ch t c khong 60% - 70%. Nu thc
cha t yu cu th cn phi quay li bc ban u nh c b sung thm s trm
hoc thc hin nng cp/m rng thm dung lng ti cc trm sao cho m bo c
chi ph u t m vn tha mn c cc yu cu k thut t ra.
Mt m hnh tnh ton dung lng thit b cn thit nhm tha mn c nhu cu
dch v ca thu bao vi gi thnh trin khai lp t cng nh chnh l k thut lu

lng. K thut lu lng vin thng nghin cu vic ti u cu trc mng v iu
chnh s lng thit b c xc nh trn c s lu lng. C nhiu m hnh Erlang
tuy nhin trong n ny ta tm hiu m hnh Erlang B .
Khi lu lng ca mt thu bao A c tnh theo cng thc sau:
3600
) ( . s T n
A =
, (2.33)
trong
A: lu lng thu bao A (tnh bng Erlang)
n : s cuc gi trung bnh trong mt gi.
T : thi gian trung bnh ca mt cuc gi tnh bng giy (s)
Gi s tnh lu lng ca thu bao A c trung bnh 1 cuc gi 15 pht trong mt
gi, khi lu lng ca thu bao A s l:
- n = 1
- T = 15 x 60s = 900 (s)
=>
Erl
s T n
A 25 , 0
3600
900
3600
) ( .
= = =

Do trong mng UMTS cung cp nhiu loi dch v khc nhau v s dng 2 loi
chuyn mch bao gm chuyn mch knh CS v chuyn mch gi PS. Trong cc dch
v s dng chuyn mch knh, chng hn nh thoi th khi nim Erlang c p
dng trc tip theo m hnh Erlang B nh trn. Cn trong cc dch v s dng chuyn
mch gi PS, lu lng thng thng dng n v kbps. Do , ta cn phi chuyn cc
n v ny thnh n v Erlang khi bit trc tc dch v.
chuyn i n v kbps thnh Erlang, ta p dng cng thc sau y:

R
T
Erlang
kbits
. 3600
1024 .
=
,
(2.34)
trong
T
kbits
l lu lng tnh bng n v kb v R l tc d liu ca dch v.
Nh vy, khi tnh c lu lng theo n v Erlang v t s GoS cho trc,
ta c th tnh c s knh m mng c th phc v c theo bng Erlang B trong
phn ph lc.
2.4.3 Xc nh dung lng ca mt cell trong UMTS:
Do cng vic nh c dung lng trong mng UMTS rt phc tp v ty thuc
vo nhiu yu t. Cho nn trong n ny ch a ra php nh tnh n gin ch
mang tnh cht l thuyt. T nhng phn tch phn trn ta c th tnh ton dung
lng ban u ca mt cell da vo phng trnh h s ti (h s ti ng ln ) theo
cng thc.


Coi tt c N ngi s dng c cc thng s nh nhau ta c:
v
q

+
+ =
R
W
N
N i
UL
) /N (E
1
) 1 (
0 b

Vi cc thng s:
UL
q = 0,5 (ng vi d tr nhiu 3dB); E
b
/N
0
= 5dB (= 3,16);
W= 3840 Mcps; R= 12,2kbps; = 0,67; i = 0,65 (Macro cell vi 3 sector) .
T phng trnh ta tnh c s ngi ng thi s dng dch v nh sau:
45
67 , 0 . 2 , 12 . 16 , 3
3840
1
65 , 0 1
1
. 5 , 0
) /N (E
1
) 1 (
1
0 b
= |
.
|
\
|
+
+
=
|
|
.
|
\
|

+
+
=
v
q
R
W
i
N
UL

T kt qu cho thy s ngi dng ng thi mt dch v thoi 12,2 kbps ln
nht trn 1 cell l N= 45 ngi.
Tra bng Erlang B vi GoS = 2% ta c lu lng (kh nng lu thoi ca mt
cell) l 35,61 Erlang.
tnh ton s lng cell, s lng Node B cn phc v cho mng, ta cn
nh ngha thm mt s khi nim.
S ln th gi trong gi cao im BHCA (Busy Hour Call Attempt) ca mi thu
bao, c xc nh nh sau:
BHCA = (Lu lng tnh theo Erlang) x (3600)/(MHT tnh theo giy).
Vi MHT (Mean Hold Time) l thi gian gi cuc gi trung bnh ca thu bao.
li chuyn giao mm SHOG (Soft Handover Gain) t c do vic chuyn
giao ti bin, gia hai hoc nhiu cell v cc cell tham gia c mt mt trung bnh
bng nhau. c c chuyn giao mm, bin phading log - normal phi c tnh
ton. y l thng s cn thit cung cp xc sut vng ph xc nh ti vng bin
ca mt t bo ring l cng nh thng s tung ng ti vng bin ca hai hoc nhiu
hn t bo. Do , li chuyn giao mm trn thc t s khc nhau gia cc bin
khc nhau. Xc sut vng ph cng ln, th mc yu cu bin cng cao. Chuyn giao
mm cng cung cp li phn tp macro, iu ny ph thuc vo mi trng sng
v tuyn v s nhnh Rake. (My thu Rake ly mu, tnh ton v dng li cc thnh
phn ca cc tn hiu a ng b suy hao, kt hp v tng cng tn hiu). Mt b thu
Rake c s dng trong dch v WCDMA thng c 4 - 6 (nhnh) nhn.
c lng s cell v s Node B cn thit, ta s dng cc cng thc sau y:
- S cell = (Dung lng (Erlangs)* SHOG)/Kh nng lu thoi 1 cell.
- Dung lng = BHCA * S thu bao * (MHT/3600).
Ta s minh ha cc cng thc chng sau.


2.5 nh c RNC:
Hu ht cc mng di ng u rt ln, do vy mt b iu khin mng v tuyn
RNC khng c kh nng x l lu lng trong ton mng. V vy, mng c chia
thnh cc khu vc, mi khu vc t di s qun l ca mt RNC. Mc tiu ca vic
nh c RNC l xc nh s RNC cn x l mt lu lng nht nh. C mt s
nhn t nh hng n dung lng ca RNC nh sau:
- S lng cell cc i (mt cell c xc nh bng mt tn s v mt m ngu
nhin ha).
- S lng BTS cc i ca mt RNC.
- Lu lng cc i ti giao din Iub.
- S lng v loi giao din (v d: STM-1, E1).
Dung lng ca mt RNC vi cc cu hnh khc nhau:
Cu hnh Lu lng Iub
(Mbps)
S BTS S cell Cc giao din khc
STM-1 E1
1 48 128 384 4*4 6*16
2 85 192 576 4*4 8*16
3 122 256 768 4*4 10*16
4 159 256 960 4*4 12*16
5 196 384 1152 4*4 14*16
Bng 2.11: Dung lng ca 1 RNC
S lng RNC cn thit kt ni n mt s cell nht nh c th c tnh
theo cng thc sau:

numRNCs = , (2.35)

trong
numCells: s lng cell ca vng ang thc hin vic nh c.
cellsRNC: s lng cell cc i m RNC c kh nng h tr.
fillrate_1: h s s dng d phng cho dung lng cc i.
S lng RNC cn thit kt ni n mt s BTS nht nh c th c tnh
theo cng thc sau:

numBTSs
cellsRNC . fillrate_1

numRNCs = , (2.36)

trong
numBTSs: s BTS trong khu vc cn nh c.
btsRNC: s BTS cc i c th kt ni n RNC.
fillrate_2: h s s dng d phng cho dung lng cc i.
Da trn dung lng d tnh, c nhiu phng php nh c RNC nh sau:
- Lu lng h tr (gii hn trn ca nh c RNC): th hin dung lng thit b
quy hoch mng, thng thng c quy hoch sao cho n ln hn dung lng yu
cu.
- Lu lng yu cu (gii hn di ca nh c RNC): l gi tr lu lng trung
bnh thc t trn ton mng.
- Giao din truyn dn Iub: nu nh c RNC phc v N trm, th tng dung
lng ca giao din truyn dn Iub phi ln hn N ln dung lng ca mi trm.
2.6 Truyn dn cho Node B:
Dung lng trn giao din Iub ti thiu truyn dn v RNC cho mi Node B
khong 8 lung E1 (bao gm d phng cho cc dch v s liu v sau). Trong khi
vic s dng chung truyn dn hin ti (kt hp Viba v cp quang) ca BTS v cc
BSC l rt kh khn v khng kh thi, v:
Dung lng truyn dn hin ti ca cc BTS gn nh l khng p ng c
vic u ni thm cho Node B.
Cc BTS u ni v cc BSC theo kiu hnh sao nn cha c c Ring gia cc
BTS. Do vy s khng m bo c an ton v khng c d phng khi cc tuyn
truyn dn ny mt lin lc. ng thi khi s trm BTS tng thm th vi cu hnh sao
s lm cho h thng truyn dn cng phc tp, s anten Viba v hops s dy c cc
TP ln.
Cc thit b truyn dn viba hin c trn mng vi cng ngh PDH c dung
lng thp (t 2E1 n 4E1), khng h tr giao din IP... Nn s khng p ng c
cc yu cu v truyn ti cc dch v yu cu bng thng rng, cc dch v trn nn IP
trong mng dung lng ln nh 3G; V s kh khn trong vic trin khai h thng
mng p ng cht ch cc yu cu v QoS trong tng lai.
C nhiu chng loi thit b ang hot ng trn mng nh NEC, Ericcson, Nera,
Alcatel, Harriss, Siemens nn thc s kh khn trong cng tc qun l mng (NMS),
bo dng ng cu... dn n tng chi ph vn hnh khai thc v hon ton khng ti
u xy dng mt h thng qun l chung.
2.7 Ti u mng:
Ti u ho mng l mt qu trnh rt quan trng c thc hin lp i lp li mt
cch thng xuyn nhm ci thin cht lng mng tng th v m bo cc ti
nguyn ca mng c s dng mt cch c hiu qu. Ti u ho mng khng ch
numBTSs
btsRNC . fillrate_2

quan trng trong qu trnh quy hoch v trin khai mng m cn c ngha kinh t k
thut khng nh trong qu trnh khai thc v m rng mng. Ngoi nhng tiu ch
chung m nh khai thc bt buc phi tun theo th vic ti u cng c thc hin
theo quan im ring ca mi nh khai thc mng.
Giai on u ca qu trnh ti u l nh ngha cc ch th hiu nng chnh.
Chng gm cc kt qu o h thng qun l mng v s liu o thc t xc nh
cht lng dch v. Vi s gip ca h thng qun l mng ta c th phn tch hiu
nng qu kh, hin ti v tng lai. Ta c th phn tch hiu nng ca cc thut ton
qun l ti nguyn v tuyn v cc thng s ca chng bng cch s dng cc kt qu
ca ch th hiu nng chnh.
h thng tin di ng th h 3 cn phi ti u ho mng mt cch t ng. V
th h thng ny c nhiu dch v hn cc h thng thng tin di ng th h 2 v vic
ti u ho mng bng nhn cng s mt nhiu thi gian. Ti u ho t ng mng phi
cung cp p ng nhanh cho iu kin lu lng trong mng thay i. Cng cn lu
trong giai on u khi trin khai mng th h 3, ch c mt s tham s c t ng
thay i v vy qu trnh ti u ho cho mng th h 3 lc ny vn c duy tr.

CHNG 3: CHNG TRNH M PHNG TNH TON CHO KHU VC TPHCM

CHNG 3: CHNG TRNH M PHNG TNH TON QUY HOCH
MNG 3G CHO KHU VC TPHCM
Chng ny ta i vo thit k tnh ton cho mt khu vc c th l 13 qun khu
vc ni thnh ca TPHCM. T cc cng thc chng 2 dng tnh ton m
phng qu trnh quy hoch mng WCDMA.
3.1 c im chung v Thnh Ph H Ch Minh:
Thnh ph H Ch Minh c ta 1010' 1038' Bc v 10622' 10654'
ng, pha Bc gip tnh Bnh Dng, Ty Bc gip tnh Ty Ninh, ng v ng
Bc gip tnh ng Nai, ng Nam gip tnh B Ra - Vng Tu, Ty v Ty Nam
gip tnh Long An v Tin Giang. Nm min Nam Vit Nam, Thnh ph H Ch
Minh cch H Ni 1.730 km theo ng b, trung tm thnh ph cch b bin
ng 50 km theo ng chim bay.
Vi v tr tm im ca khu vc ng Nam , Thnh ph H Ch Minh l mt
u mi giao thng quan trng v c ng b, ng thy v ng khng, ni lin
cc tnh trong vng v cn l mt ca ng quc t.
Thnh ph H Ch Minh l thnh ph ng dn nht, ng thi cng l trung
tm kinh t, vn ha, gio dc quan trng ca Vit Nam, l 1 trong 5 thnh ph trc
thuc Trung ng ca Vit Nam. Hin ti, thnh ph bao gm 24 qun huyn vi tng
s 322 n v hnh chnh cp x, trong c 259 phng, 63 x v th trn.
- Cc qun: qun 1, qun 2, qun 3, qun 4, qun 5, qun 6, qun 7, qun 8, qun
9, qun 10, qun 11, qun 12, qun Tn Bnh, qun G Vp, qun Ph
Nhun, qun Bnh Thnh, qun Bnh Tn, qun Tn Ph, qun Th c.
- Cc huyn: huyn Nh B, huyn Cn Gi, huyn Hc Mn, huyn C
Chi, huyn Bnh Chnh
Vi tng din tch 2.095,01 km, chim hn 6,36% din tch c nc, trong c
442,13 km
2
thuc ni thnh v 1.652,88 km
2
ngoi thnh.
Theo kt qu chnh thc iu tra dn s ngy 01/04/2011 dn s thnh ph l
7.549.341 ngi, mt 3.589 ngi/km. Vi thu nhp bnh qun u ngi trong
nm 2011 t khong 3000 USD/nm.


Hnh 3.1: Bn Thnh Ph H Ch Minh
Trong n ny ta chn khu vc ni thnh TPHCM bao gm 13 qun sau y
m phng bi ton quy hoch mng 3G l do khu vc ny c mt dn c, trnh
dn tr, thu nhp u ngi kh ng u vi nhau, mt th, cc ta nh, cc
cng trnh xy dng kh tng ng. Khu vc ny c tng din tch trn 178,36 Km
2
,
c s dn gn 3,8 triu ngi v mt l 21 289 ngi /Km2. Tuy nhin, do khu vc
ny tp trung rt nhiu cc ta nh vn phng, tr s cng ty, trung tm thng mi

nn s lng khch du lch, nhn vin t cc khu vc khc n lm vic ti khu vc
ny l rt ng, nn thc t s lng thu bao s dng dch v ln hn so vi s lng
thu bao ca nhng ngi hin ang sng ti khu vc.
Tn Qun Din tch (Km
2
)
Dn s
(Ngi)
Mt
(Ngi/Km
2
)
Qun 1 7.73 217 674 28 159
Qun 3 4.92 202 124 41 082
Qun 4 4.18 189 742 45 392
Qun 5 4.26 190 732 44 772
Qun 6 7.14 271 831 38 071
Qun 8 19.18 414 976 21 635
Qun 10 5.72 248 512 43 446
Qun 11 5.14 239 653 46 625
Qun G Vp 20.94 540 120 25 793
Qun Bnh Thnh 20.76 472 324 39 463
Qun Ph Nhun 4.88 192 581 22 751
Qun Bnh Tn 51.87 581 142 11 203
Qun Tn Bnh 21.64 431 627 19 945
Tng 178.36 3 800 182 21 289
Bng 3.1: Thng k v din tch, dn s v mt dn s c ca 13 qun ni thnh
TPHCM ( S liu theo kt qu iu tra dn s ngy 01/04/2011)
3.2 Thit k vo ti u mng:
Quy hoch mt h thng 3G l kt qu tnh ton ti u ca 3 c trng: vng ph
sng; cht lng dch v; dung lng phc v ca h thng. Ba yu t ny c mi lin
h cht ch vi nhau. Ngi thit k h thng c trch nhim cn bng cc yu t trn
t ti u trn mt vng lnh th c th. Vic cn bng ny s khc nhau cho tng
lnh th khc nhau: vng trung tm th, vng xa trung tm th, vng nng thn
...
Vng ph sng s c tnh ton da trn din tch cn ph sng v bn knh ca
cell bng cch p dng m hnh Walfisch - Ikegami. Cht lng dch v v dung
lng phc v ca h thng s tnh ton da trn phng trnh tnh dung lng cc i
ca ng truyn hng ln. T s tnh ton c s Node B cn thit p ng
dung lng ca h thng.
3.2.1 Cc thng s khi tnh ton thit k h thng WCDMA:
Khi tnh ton quy hoch mng ta cn quan tm ti cc thng s sau:
- S lng thu bao phc v.

- Lu lng mi thu bao.
- Cp dch v GoS.
- BHCA (Busy Hour Call Attempt): s cuc th trong gi bn.
- Thi gian chim gi cuc gi trung bnh (MHT).
- Tc bit ca dch v user.
- H s tch cc thoi v
- H s ti ng ln l
- Eb/N0 yu cu ca tng loi dch v.
- Cng sut pht ca UE.
- li anten UE.
- Suy hao c th.
- Suy hao do vt cn
- li anten Node B.
- li chuyn giao mm.
- Suy hao cp.
- d tr phading nhanh.
- d tr phading log - normal.
- Tn s hot ng ca h thng.
- Chiu cao ca anten Node B.
- Chiu cao ca UE.
- Khong cch gia cc ta nh trong Tp.
- Chiu cao trung bnh ca cc ta nh.
- rng ng ph.
- Gc ti ca tia sng t ta nh n mt ng.
3.3 Tnh ton quy hoch mng cho khu vc ni thnh TP H Ch Minh:
3.3.1 Tnh s Node B c th ph sng c ton b khu vc:
Ta tnh ton s Node B cn thit bng cch tnh s cell cn ph sng ton b
khu vc theo cc bc sau y:
- Tnh suy hao ng truyn cho php ca loi dch v.
- T suy hao ng truyn cho php, da vo m hnh truyn sng, ta tnh c
bn knh ca cell.
- T bn knh ca cell, s dng anten 3 sector ta tnh c din tch ca cell.
- Tnh s cell bng cch ly tng din tch ca khu vc chia cho din tch ca
mi cell.

- S Node B cn thit ph sng ton b bng s cell chia cho 3 (khi s dng
cc Node B c cu hnh 1/1/1).
Sau y ta s tnh ton tng bc mt vi cc thng s yu cu trn c cho
trc.
3.3.2 Tnh suy hao ng truyn cho php:
Ta tnh ton quy hoch mng WCDMA cho dch v thoi 12,2 kbps. Tnh suy
hao theo chiu uplink t UE ln Node B, ta c cc thng s sau:
Dch v thoi 12.2 kbps
Trm pht (my di ng)
(EIRP) [dBm]
18.0 d =a+b-c
Trm thu (Trm gc)
li x l [dB] 25.0 k=10*log (3840/12.2)
E
b
/N
0
yu cu [dB] 5.0 l
Suy hao trong xe, nh 8.0 t
Suy hao ng truyn cho php [dB] 141.9 u = d - m + n - o - p -
r + s - t
Bng 3.2: Suy hao ng truyn cho php ca dch v thoi 12,2 kbps
T bng kt qu trn ta c th thy suy hao ng truyn cho php ca dch v
thoi 12,2 kbps l 141.9dB.

3.3.3 Tnh s Node B da theo bn knh phc v v din tch vng cn ph sng:
gii quyt vn c 2 m hnh thc nghim da trn d on cc suy hao
truyn sng l m hnh Hata-Okumura v Walfisch-Ikegami.
Trong n ny s s dng m hnh Walfisch-Ikegami cho phng n tnh ton
thit k v m hnh ny thch hp vi iu kin mi trng th Vit Nam v rt l
ph hp vi siu th nh TPHCM.
M hnh Walfisch-Ikegami gm 3 thnh phn:
- Suy hao trong khng gian t do (Free space loss).
- Suy hao tn x v nhiu x mi nh ng ph (Rooftop-street diffraction and
scatter loss).
- Suy hao nhiu x a tng chn (Multi-screen diffraction loss).

Hnh 3.2: M hnh truyn sng Walfisch-I kegami
Ta tnh bn knh cell da vo cc thng s sau:
- Tn s hot ng ca h thng l 1930 MHz.
- Chiu cao ca anten Node B l 25m.
- Chiu cao ca UE: 1,5 m.
- Khong cch gia cc ta nh l 30m.
- Chiu cao trung bnh ca cc ta nh l 15m.
- rng ng ph: 15m.
- Gc ti ca tia sng t ta nh n mt ng: 20 .
L
cp
= L
f
+ L
rts
+ L
msd
T kt qu tnh c t mc 2.3.1.3 ca chng 2 ta c bn kinh cell R =
0.4275 Km.

h
1
h
1
h
1
h
1
h
1
h
1
h
1
h
1
h
1
h
1
h
1
h
1
h
1
h
1

d
h
2

Anten trm gc
Anten trm di ng
To nh
w
b
h
r

Hng di chuyn
|
Hng sng
Di ng

3.3.3.1 Tnh s lng cell theo yu cu vng ph sng:
T mc trn, ta tnh c bn knh cell l R = 0,4275 Km. Din tch ca cell
c cho bi cng thc:
S = K . R
2
Thng thng, cc nh mng ti Vit Nam thng s dng anten 3 sector nn ta
c h s K= 1,95, do din tch ca mi cell l:
S = 1,95.0,4275
2
= 0,3564 Km
2
Khu vc 13 qun ni thnh TPHCM c tng din tch l 178,36 Km
2
, do s
cell cn thit l:

N = = 500 cell
Nu s dng cc Node B c cu hnh 1/1/1 th ta cn phi c khong 167 Node
B ph sng ton b khu vc ny.
3.3.3.2 Tnh s lng cell theo yu cu v dung lng:
Vi dch v thoi R = 12,2 kbps, tao c cc thng s sau:
- H s tch cc thoi v = 0,67.
- T s nhiu t cc cell khc v chnh cell i = 0,65.
- W = 3840 kbps.
- T s Eb/N0 yu cu cho dch v thoi l 5 dB (=3,16).
- H s ti ng ln l
UL
q = 0,75 (ng vi d tr nhiu 6dB).
T phng trnh h s ti ng ln, ta tnh c:
v
q

+
+ =
R
W
N
N i
UL
) /N (E
1
) 1 (
0 b

68
67 , 0 . 2 , 12 . 16 , 3
3840
1
65 , 0 1
1
. 75 , 0
) /N (E
1
) 1 (
1
0 b
= |
.
|
\
|
+
+
=
|
|
.
|
\
|

+
+
=
v
q
R
W
i
N
UL

Nh vy, s user ng thi s dng dch v thoi 12,2 kbps ln nht trn mt
cell l N = 68 ngi.
Tra bng Erlang B ng vi GoS = 2 % ta c lu lng (kh nng lu thoi ca
mt cell) l 57,23 Erlangs.
Theo thng tin t Cc Vin thng (B TT&TT) a ra ti bui hp giao ban vi
cc doanh nghip h tng vin thng ngy 19/4/2012, tng s thu bao 3G t khong
12,8 triu, chim 14,71% dn s Vit Nam. Do khu vc ni thnh TP HCM l ni tp
trung ng dn vi c nhu cu s dng dch v cao hn cc vng khc nn ta c
lng khong 15% dn s ni y s sng dch v 3G.
178,36
0,3564

T ta c bng thng k dn s, ta c lng s lng thu bao cn phc v
theo bng sau:
Tn Qun
Dn s
(Ngi)
S lng ngi
dng 3G ( Thu
bao)
Qun 1 217 674 32 651
Qun 3 202 124 30 318
Qun 4 189 742 28 461
Qun 5 190 732 28 525
Qun 6 271 831 40 774
Qun 8 414 976 62 246
Qun 10 248 512 37 276
Qun 11 239 653 35 947
Qun G Vp 540 120 81 018
Qun Bnh Thnh 472 324 70 848
Qun Ph Nhun 192 581 28 887
Qun Bnh Tn 581 142 87 171
Qun Tn Bnh 431 627 64 744
Tng 3 800 182 628 866
Bng 3.3: c tnh s thu bao trong khu vc 13 qun ni thnh TPHCM
Tnh s cell cn thit ta tnh ton thm cc thng s sau:
- BHCA ( Busy Hour Call Attempt) s cuc th trong gi bn:
Ta chn BHCA = 2.5 cho khu vc 3 qun trung tm l Q1, Q3, Q5 cn 10 cn
li th BHCA = 2.
- Thi hn trung bnh ca mi cuc gi (MHT): 60s.
- li chuyn giao mm: 3dB (=2).
S dng thng s trn a vo cng thc sau:
Dung lng = (BHCA/thu bao) * s thu bao phc v * (thi gian trung
bnh mt cuc gi/3600) .
S cell = (dung lng * li chuyn giao mm)/kh nng lu thoi 1 cell.
T cng thc trn ta c kt qu bng sau y:


Tn Qun
Dn s
(Ngi)
S lng
ngi dng 3G
( Thu bao)
BHCA
Dung lng
(Erlang)
S lng
Cell
Qun 1 217 674 32 651
2.5 1360.45 48
Qun 3 202 124 30 318
2.5 1263.25 44
Qun 4 189 742 28 461
2 948.7 33
Qun 5 190 732 28 525
2.5 1188.54 42
Qun 6 271 831 40 774
2 1359.13 47
Qun 8 414 976 62 246
2 2074.86 73
Qun 10 248 512 37 276
2 1242.53 43
Qun 11 239 653 35 947
2 1198.23 42
Qun G Vp 540 120 81 018
2 2700.6 94
Qun Bnh
Thnh
472 324 70 848
2 2361.6 83
Qun Ph
Nhun
192 581 28 887
2 962.9 34
Qun Bnh
Tn
581 142 87 171
2 2905.7 102
Qun Tn
Bnh
431 627 64 744
2 2158.13 75
Tng 3 800 182 628 866

21724.64
760
Bng 3.4: S lng cell tnh theo yu cu v dung lng
T tng s cell trn ta d dng tnh c s Node B vi cu hnh 1/1/1 bng biu
thc sau:
S Node B = = 254 Node B
Nh vy, s Node B cn thit chnh l iu kin ti u ca 2 gii php tnh theo
vng ph v theo yu cu v dung lng c xc nh bi:
Max{s Node B theo vng ph, s Node B theo yu cu dung lng}.
Ly kt qu trn : Max {167,254} = 254 Node B. iu ny cho thy p
ng c yu cu v dung lng th phi c 254 Node B.
3.4 Chng trnh m phng tnh ton:
Giao din chnh ca chng trnh:

Tng s cell
3

Hnh 3.3: Giao din chnh ca chng trnh m phng
Trong giao din chnh ny ta c th thy 3 button la chn l H THNG,
TNH TON v Cng C.
Trong button H THNG c s v kin trc mng 3G WCDMA. Button
TNH TON gm 4 mc tnh ton l: Tnh suy hao cho php; tnh bn knh v din
tch cell; tnh s Node cn thit v tnh s Node B theo dung lng. Cui cng l
Button CNG C gm: Thng tin; Taskbar; Thot.

Hnh 3.4: Cc button trong chng trnh m phng


M phng tnh ton ti tc 12,2 kbps:
Nhp cc d liu:
Thng s truyn dn:
- Tc bit: 12,2 kbps
Thit b ngi dng:
- Cng sut pht x : 21 dbm
- Suy hao trong xe, nh : 8dB
- Suy hao c th : 3dB
Thng s trm gc:
- li anten Node: 18dB
- d tr Fading nhanh: 0dB
- d tr Fading log-normal: 7.3dB
- li chuyn giao mm: 3dB
T ta tnh c suy hao ng truyn l : 141.9 dB v cc kt qu khc nh
hnh v bn di.

Hnh 3.5: Suy hao ng truyn ti tc 12.2 kbps
T suy hao ng truyn ta tnh kch thc cell:

- Tn s hot ng ca h thng l 1930 MHz.
- Chiu cao ca anten Node B l 25m.
- Chiu cao ca UE: 1,5 m.
- Khong cch gia cc ta nh l 30m.
- Chiu cao trung bnh ca cc ta nh l 15m.
- rng ng ph: 15m.
- Gc ti ca tia sng t ta nh n mt ng: 20 .
Kt qu bn knh cell v din tch cell vi m hnh truyn Hata-Okumura cho
thnh ph ln.

Hnh 3.6: M hnh truyn Hata- Okumura cho thnh ph ln
Kt qu bn knh cell v din tch cell vi m hnh truyn Walfishch-Ilegami cho
thnh ph ln.


Hnh 3.7: M hnh truyn Walfishch-I legami cho thnh ph ln
Tip theo l giao din tnh s Node B cn thit ph sng ton b khu vc 13
qun ni thnh TPHCM.
p dng cho m hnh Walfishch-Ilegami
+ Din tch ph sng l: 178.32 km
+ Bn knh ph sng ca cell l: 0.4275 km
+ Din tch ph sng ca cell l: 0.3564 km
Cho kt qu:
S Node B cn thit ph sng l: 167 Node B


Hnh 3.8: Tnh ton s node B ti khu vc 13 qun ni thnh TPHCM
Cui cng l giao din chng trnh tnh s node B cn thit theo yu cu v
dung lng ti khu vc.

Hnh 3.9: Tnh ton s node B cn thit theo yu cu dung lng.


KT LUN
Trong n ny, em i vo tm hiu cng ngh 3G v thc hin phn tch cc
yu t nh hng n qu trnh quy hoch mng 3G. Phn tich vng ph: phn tch m
hnh truyn sng Hata-Okumura v Walfisch-Ikegami p dng vo trong cc iu
kin quy hoch c th, phn tch h s ti ca ng truyn xc nh li bn knh
cell, tnh s cell v y l thng s quan trng dng trong thut ton ti u s cell.
Phn tch dung lng: t nhu cu thc t phn tch dung lng tng vng xc nh
dung lng cc i cho mt cell, s cell cho mt vng. Cui cng l ti u li s cell
sau khi phn tch vng ph v phn tch dung lng i n la chn s cell cui
cng cho mt vng cn tnh ton.
n thc hin nghin cu v hon thnh c bn nhng vn l thuyt nh
sau:
- Hiu c cu trc ca mng v tuyn WCDMA. T lm c s cho vic
nhn nh tm quan trng ca n trong tng th mng c nhng bc i tip theo.
- Nm c cch quy hoch 1 mng ni chung v quy hoch mng 3G ni
ring. Nm bt c qu trnh, phng php v cc bc quy hoch v ti u mng
3G.
- Phn tch c nhng yu cu v nguyn tc thc hin quy hoch mng 3G
ng vi c trng, xc nh a l vng c th, a ra cc cng thc tnh ton dung
lng, vng ph, s dng hai m hnh thc nghim c th Hata-Okumura v Walfisch-
Ikegami.
- S dng phn mm m phng vit bng Visual Basic 6 tnh ton s lng
node B cn phc v cho vng ph v nhu cu v dung lng cho khu vc 13 qun ni
thnh TP H Ch Minh.
Bn cnh nhng vn t c, hn ch ca n l trong tnh ton thc t,
ngoi vic ly mt s tham s ca nh cung cp thit b, mt phn ln cc tham s
khc cn ly theo cc gi tr in hnh. Do vy, kt qu thit k ch dng mc nh
c mng s b, ch tnh s cell, cha ti u c mng v tuyn v vn chuyn giao
v iu khin cng sut, cha i su vo quy hoch m. Khi mng a vo lp t v
hot ng cn phn tch tng vng c th: xc nh v tr, cc lung kt ni, cch vn
hnh v ti u mng.

PH LC
BNG ERLANG B
N: S knh hay mch truyn dn cn cho lu lng mun truyn cp phc v xc nh.

KNH
MCH
CP PHC V

N 0.002 0.005 0.008 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.050 0.100
1 0.002 0.005 0.008 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.026 0.031 0.053 0.111
2 0.065 0.105 0.135 0.153 0.190 0.222 0.254 0.282 0.381 0.595
3 0.249 0.349 0.418 0.455 0.535 0.602 0.661 0.715 0.899 1.271
4 0.535 0.701 0.810 0.869 0.992 1.092 1.180 1.259 1.525 2.045
5 0.900 1.132 1.281 1.361 1.524 1.657 1.772 1.875 2.218 2.881
6 1.325 1.622 1.809 1.909 2.112 2.276 2.417 2.543 2.960 3.758
7 1.798 2.157 2.382 2.501 2.742 2.935 3.102 3.250 3.738 4.666
8 2.311 2.730 2.990 3.128 3.405 3.627 3.817 3.987 4.543 5.597
9 2.855 3.333 3.627 3.783 4.095 4.345 4.558 4.748 5.370 6.546
10 3.427 3.961 4.289 4.461 4.807 5.084 5.320 5.529 6.216 7.511
11 4.022 4.610 4.971 5.160 5.539 5.842 6.099 6.328 7.076 8.487
12 4.637 5.279 5.671 5.876 6.287 6.615 6.894 7.141 7.950 9.474
13 5.270 5.964 6.386 6.607 7.049 7.402 7.701 7.967 8.835 10.470
14 5.919 6.663 7.115 7.352 7.824 8.200 8.520 8.803 9.730 11.473
15 6.582 7.376 7.857 8.108 8.610 9.010 9.349 9.650 10.633 12.484
16 7.258 8.100 8.609 8.875 9.406 9.828 10.188 10.505 11.544 13.500
17 7.946 8.834 9.371 9.652 10.211 10.656 11.034 11.368 12.461 14.522
18 8.644 9.578 10.143 10.437 11.024 11.491 11.888 12.238 13.385 15.548
19 9.351 10.331 10.922 12.230 11.845 12.339 12.748 13.115 14.315 16.579
20 10.068 11.092 11.709 12.031 12.672 13.182 13.615 13.997 15.249 17.613
21 10.793 11.860 12.503 12.838 13.506 14.036 14.487 14.885 16.189 18.651

22 11.525 12.635 13.303 13.651 14.345 14.896 15.364 15.778 17.132 19.692
23 12.265 13.416 14.110 14.470 15.190 15.761 16.246 16.675 18.080 20.737
24 13.011 14.204 14.922 15.295 16.040 16.631 17.133 17.577 19.031 21.784
25 13.763 14.997 15.739 16.125 16.894 17.505 18.024 18.483 19.985 22.833
26 14.522 15.795 16.561 16.959 17.753 18.383 18.918 19.392 20.943 23.885
27 15.285 16.598 17.387 17.797 18.616 19.265 19.817 20.305 21.904 24.939
28 16.054 17.406 18.218 18.640 19.482 20.150 20.719 21.221 22.867 25.995
29 16.828 18.218 19.053 19.487 20.352 21.039 21.623 22.140 23.833 27.053
30 17.606 19.034 19.891 20.337 21.226 21.932 22.531 23.062 24.802 28.113
31 18.389 19.854 20.734 21.193 22.103 22.827 23.442 23.987 25.773 29.174
32 19.176 20.678 21.580 22.048 22.983 23.725 24.356 24.914 26.746 30.237
33 19.966 21.505 22.429 22.909 23.866 24.626 25.272 25.844 27.721 31.301
34 20.761 22.336 23.281 23.772 24.751 25.529 26.191 26.776 28.698 32.367
35 21.559 23.169 24.136 24.638 25.640 26.435 27.112 27.711 29.677 33.434
36 22.361 24.006 24.994 25.507 26.530 27.343 28.035 28.647 30.657 34.503
37 23.166 24.846 25.854 26.378 27.424 28.254 28.960 29.585 31.640 35.572
38 23.974 25.689 26.718 27.252 28.319 29.166 29.887 30.526 32.624 36.643
39 24.785 26.534 27.583 28.129 29.217 30.081 30.816 31.468 33.609 37.715
40 25.599 27.382 28.451 29.007 30.116 30.997 31.747 32.412 34.596 38.787
41 26.416 28.232 29.322 29.888 31.018 31.916 32.680 33.357 35.584 39.861
42 27.235 29.085 30.194 30.771 31.922 32.836 33.615 34.305 36.574 40.936
43 28.057 29.940 31.069 31.656 32.827 33.758 34.551 35.253 37.565 42.011
44 28.882 30.797 31.946 32.543 33.735 34.682 35.488 36.203 38.557 43.088
45 29.708 31.656 32.824 33.432 34.644 35.607 36.428 37.155 39.550 44.165
46 30.538 32.517 33.705 34.322 35.554 36.534 37.368 38.108 40.545 45.243
47 31.369 33.381 34.587 35.215 36.466 37.462 38.310 39.062 41.540 46.322
48 32.203 34.246 35.471 36.109 37.380 38.392 39.254 40.018 42.537 47.401

49 33.039 35.113 36.357 37.004 38.296 39.323 40.198 40.975 43.534 48.481
50 33.876 35.982 37.245 37.901 39.212 40.255 41.144 41.933 44.533 49.562
51 34.716 36.852 38.134 38.800 40.130 41.189 42.091 42.892 45.533 50.644
52 35.558 37.724 39.024 39.700 41.050 42.124 43.040 43.852 46.533 51.726
53 36.401 38.598 39.916 40.602 41.971 43.060 43.989 44.813 47.534 52.808
54 37.247 39.474 40.810 41.505 42.893 43.997 44.940 45.776 48.536 53.891
55 38.094 40.351 41.705 42.409 43.816 44.936 45.891 46.739 49.539 54.975
56 38.942 41.229 42.601 43.315 44.740 45.875 46.844 47.703 50.543 56.059
57 30.793 42.109 43.499 44.222 45.666 46.816 47.797 48.669 51.548 57.144
58 40.645 42.990 44.398 45.130 46.593 47.758 48.752 49.635 52.553 58.229
59 41.498 43.873 45.298 46.039 47.521 48.700 49.707 50.602 53.559 59.315
60 42.353 44.757 46.199 46.950 48.449 49.644 50.664 51.570 54.566 60.401
61 43.210 45.642 47.102 47.861 49.379 50.589 51.621 52.539 55.573 61.488
62 44.068 46.528 48.005 48.774 50.310 51.534 52.579 53.508 56.581 62.575
63 44.927 47.416 48.910 49.688 51.242 52.481 53.538 54.478 57.590 63.663
64 45.788 48.305 49.816 50.603 52.175 53.428 54.498 55.450 58.599 64.750
65 46.650 49.195 50.723 51.518 53.109 54.376 55.459 56.421 56.609 65.839
66 47.513 50.086 51.631 52.435 54.043 55.325 56.420 57.394 60.619 66.927
67 48.378 50.978 52.540 53.353 54.979 56.275 57.383 58.367 61.630 68.016
68 49.243 51.872 53.450 54.272 55.915 57.226 58.346 59.341 62.642 69.106
69 50.110 52.766 54.361 55.191 56.852 58.177 59.309 60.316 63.654 70.196
70 50.979 53.662 55.273 56.112 57.790 59.129 60.274 61.291 64.667 71.286

CC THUT NG V T VIT TT
2G
3G
A
Second Generation
Third Generation
Th h th 2
Th h th 3
AMR Adaptive Multi-Rate codec B m ho v gii m a tc
thch nghi
B
BHCA Busy Hour Call Attempts S cuc gi trong gi bn
BER Bit Error Rate Tc li bit
BSIC
BTS
C
Base station identity code
Base Tranceiver Station
M nhn dng trm gc
Trm gc
CDMA
CN
Code Division Multiple
Access
Core Network
a truy cp phn chia theo m
Mng li
CS
CSI
Circuit Switched
Chanel Status Information
Chuyn mch knh
Thng tin trng thi knh truyn
D
DL Downlink ng xung
DSSS Direct Sequence Spread
Spectrum
H thng tri ph chui trc tip

E
EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for
Evolution Equivalent
Isotropic Radiated Power
Cc tc d liu tng cng
cho s tin ho
EIRP Electronic War Fire European Telecommunication

Standard Institute
F
FDD Frequency Division Duplex Ghp song cng theo tn s
FDMA
FER
Frequency Division
MultiAccess
Frame Error Rate
a truy cp phn chia theo tn
s
T s li khung
G
GMSC

Gateway Mobile Service
Switching Centre

GGSN Gateway GPRS Support
Node
Nt h tr cng GPRS
GPRS General Packet Radio
Service
Dch v v tuyn gi chung
GSM Global System for Mobile
Communication
H thng thng tin di ng ton
cu
H
HLR
I

Home Location Registor

B ng k thng tr

IMT International Mobile
Telecommunication
Vin thng tin di ng quc t
ITU

International
Telecommunication Union
Lin hp vin thng quc t.

M
ME Mobile Equipment Thit b di ng
MSC Mobile Service Switching
Centre
Trung tm chuyn mch dch v
di ng
MSS MSC server Nt chuyn mch ca Softswitch

L
LOS
O
OMC
P

Line of sight

Operation Mainternance
Center

Trung tm iu hnh qun l
khai thc
PN
PS
Pseudo - Noise
Packet Switched
Gi tp m
Chuyn mch gi
Q
QoS
R

Quality of Service

Cht lng dch v
RNC
RRC
Radio Network Controller
Radio Resoure Control
protocol
B iu khin mng v tuyn.
Giao thc iu khin ti nguyn
v tuyn
S
SF

Spread Factor

H s tri ph
SGSN Serving GPRS Support
Node.
Nt h tr GPRS phc v
SHO
SHOG
SMS
SNR
T
TE
Soft Handover
Soft Handover Gain
Short Messaging Service
Signal to Noise Ratio

Terminal Equipment
Chuyn giao mm.
li chuyn giao mm
Dch v nhn tin ngn.
T s tn hiu trn tp m

Thit b u cui
TDD Time Division Duplex Ghp song cng phn chia theo
thi gian

TDMA Time Division Multiple
Access
a truy cp phn chia theo thi
gian
TPC Transmission Power
Control
iu khin cng sut pht
U
UE User Equipment Thit b ngi s dng
UL Uplink ng xung
UMTS Universal Mobile
Telecommunication
System
H thng vin thng di ng
ton cu.
USIM UMTS Subscriber Identify
Module
Modul nhn dng thu bao
UMTS
UTRAN

UMTS Terrestrial Radio
Access Networ
Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t
UMTS .
V
VLR
W

Visitor Location Register

Thanh ghi tm tr
WCDMA

Wideband Code Division
Multiple Access
a truy nhp phn chia theo m
bng rng

TI LIU THAM KHO
[1]. H Vn Cu, Phm Thanh m. Bi ging Thng tin di ng s. Hc vin
Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng c s Tp HCM, 2002.
[2]. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Thng tin di ng th h 3 (tp 1), Nh xut bn bu
in, 2001.
[3]. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Thng tin di ng th h 3 (tp 2), Nh xut bn bu
in, 2001.
[4]. John Wiley & Sons LTD, W-CDMA Mobile Communications System, 2002.
[5]. Harri Holma and Antti Toskala, WCDMA for UMTS HSPA Evolution and
LTE,John Wiley&Sons Ltd, 2007.
[6]. QUALCOMM. UMTS/WCDMA Network Planning 1&2, QUALCOMM
Incorporated, 2005.
[7]. M.R.Karim and M.Sarrap, W-CDMA and CDMA 2000 for 3G Mobile
Networks, McGraw-Hill Telecom professional, 2002.
[8]. http://vntelecom.org

Quy Hoach Mang WCDMA

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