IT General Technology Series-Storage

Version: V1.0(2013-6-4)

Agenda

1 2 3 4

Click to add Title Storage Basic Knowledge Storage System and Software Click to add Title Storage Solutions Overview Click to add Title Storage Vendors Overview

What is Storage?

Storage in a narrow sense

Storage in a broad sense

CD, DVD, ZIP, Tape, Hard disk

1. Storage hardware system (Array, Controller, Cabinet, Tape Library) 2. Software (Backup; Management, Snapshot, Replication and so on) 3. Network (HBAFiber Channel SwitchFC/SAS Cable) 4. Solutions (Centralized storage, Archive, Backup, Disaster Recovery)
2

Storage: Home of Enterprise Data

users

Database servers Application servers

Mailbox servers
Online storage staffs Near-line storage Off-line storage

File servers Data production Data processing

3

Based on the access frequency of the data in the storage system

Data management

Storage Story: From inside a server, to a stand-alone External Intelligent External JBOD system Hard disk inside Disk Array (DAS) Disk Array (DAS)
SAN NAS

the server

CPU
Server

Server

CPU Server

Application server
File system

Application server

RAM
Hard disk

Multi-Application servers

CPU
RAM

RAM
Hard disk

File system

SAN
RAID

LAN
File system RAID

Hard disk

SCSI

RAID
JBOD(Just a Bunch Of Disks)

SCSI
Controller

Limitation
HDDs become bottle-neck of the system performance Limited HDD slots, lower capacity Store data in single HDD, lower availability Local storage, not able to share for other server

Combine several physical disks in series logically not to guarantee data safety, but to add disk capacity.

Problem solved:
Limited HDD slots, lower capacity Store data in single HDD, lower availability
4

The controllers contain RAID function, large-capacity cache, and enable the disk array having many applied functions, specific configuration management software also being included.

Problem solved:
HDDs become bottle-neck of the system performance Limited HDD slots, lower capacity Store data in single HDD, lower availability Local storage, not able to share for other server

Problem solved:
HDDs become bottle-neck of the system performance Limited HDD slots, lower capacity Store data in single HDD, lower availability

Main protocols
SCSI protocol (Small Computer System Interface) Is a minicomputer-developed interface technology for the connection
between the host and the external device. SCSI-3 is the basis of all storage protocols, and other storage protocols also use the SCSI command set. Advantages: host-independent, multi-device parallel, high bandwidth. Disadvantages: the number of devices allowed to connect is small, the connection distance is very limited.

FC protocol (Fiber Channel), Internal connection between the servers and shared storage devices, storage controllers
and drives, is a high performance serial connectivity standard. Interface transfer rates are 4Gbps, 8Gbps Transmission medium can be copper or fiber, transmission distance, supports a variety of Internet topology. Fiber Channel is the basis for building a FC SAN, and also the hardware interface and communication interface of the FC SAN system .

iSCSI protocol (Internet Small Computer System Interface) is a standard to transmit a block of data usingTCP/IP, can be understood as SCSI over IP. ISCSI can be a SAN based on IP, to provide users with high speed, low prices, long-distance storage solution. iSCSI encapsulates the SCSI commands in TCP/IP packets to enable I/O blocks of data to be transmitted over the IP network. This is the future road of development.

SAS protocol (Serial Attached SCSI) SAS uses serial technology to achieve greater scalability and is compatible with SATA disks. Currently SAS is available with maximum transfer rates of 3Gpbs and 6Gpbs , supports full-duplex mode.
5

Storage : DAS System

DASDirect Attached Storage Developed1970s BackgroundStorage emerged because of the sharp increase of users data. The original storage system is direct-attached storage-DAS. Link TypeFC,SCSI,SAS Access Type The link between Direct-attached storage and servers is always SCSI. Link Rate20MB/s, 40MB/s, 80MB/s Provide data protection functions like snapshot,
backup.

Server SCSI
Controller FC

SAS
Controller

Controller

Disk Array

Storage: NAS System

NAS Architecture

NFS NFS CIFS

NAS (Network Attached Storage) Developedearly 1990s

BackgroundAs the rapid development of network, the critical requirement of sharing massive data emerged. So the dedicated NAS device was created.

IP Network NAS device

Access TypeServers share the storage space of NAS device by CIFS(Windows) Client or NFS(Linux) Client. So servers are able to concurrently read/ write
the same file from NAS device. File system belongs to the storage system. Link Rate1Gbps10Gbps

NFS, CIFS

File System RAID

Storage: SAN System FC SAN

Server FC switch FC Link FC SAN Controller FC SANFiber Channel Storage Area Network Developedlate 1990s Background: Efforts to organize dispersed data led to the emergence of the SAN, which is a high-speed, dedicated network of servers and shared storage devices. Link TypeFC (FC switch) Access TypeOne storage device can be divided into several smaller spaces called LUNs and each LUN belongs to one server. Link Rate2Gbps, 4Gbps, 8Gbps

Disk Array
8

Provide data protection functions like snapshot, backup.

Storage: SAN System IP SAN

IP SANIP Storage Area Network Developed: 2001 Background: Advancements in technology enabled IP to be used for transporting block I/O over the IP network, to resolve the high cost and complicated management problem related to FC SAN. Link Type: Ethernet (IP switch)
IP Switch IP Link iSCSI Storage Controller

Server

Access Type: One storage device can be divided into several smaller spaces called LUNs and each LUN belongs to one server. Link Rate: 1Gbps10Gbps
Provide data protection functions like snapshot, backup.
Why iSCSI is succcessful? Able to make use of mature IP network and tools. Save the cost of construction, management and human resource by

Disk Array
9

using existing IP network.

Comparison of the DAS, NAS, and SAN Networks

DAS Transfer type Data type SCSIFCSAS Bock IP File NAS FC Bock

SAN
FC SAN IP Bock IP SAN

Typical application
Advantage

Any application

File server

Database
High scalability performance availability

video surveillance

Easy to understand Excellent compatibility

Easy setup Low cost

High scalability Low cost

Disadvantag e

Hard to manage Low utilization, scalability

Low Performance Improper for some applications

more expensive, complex configuration

Low Performance

SAN is data transmission for massive block-oriented, while NAS provides file-level data access and sharing service. By combination of SAN +NAS, more and more data centers can implement the following functions: data integration, high-performance access and file sharing service.
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Unified Storage
Unified Storage: a network storage architecture supports both file-based NAS storage, and support for block-based SAN storage. Developed: the early 21st century

Background: In order to solve the problems of management, high TCO within various storage architectures, unified storage was developed for

Applications

Databases

Digital media

File services

supporting multiple transport protocols and to GE/10GE FC FCoE NFS CIFS HTTP FTP Block
File

meet various applications. One system integrated with SAN and NAS
architectures, support various protocols, FC/iSCSI/FCoE/NFS/CIFS, etc.

SANNASiSCSI Controller Array

Unified management interface, simplifying system

management

Modular architecture, flexible configuration, easy expansion, lower overall TCO

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Storage protocol comparison

SCSI
Interface technology Interface type Adapter Maximum Management Compatibility Advantage SCSI parallel SCSI card 320MB/s simple better Parallel machines, high bandwidth FC channel serial FC HBA 2/4/8Gb/s complex worse High bandwidth, low delay, long transmission distance

FC
IP serial

iSCSI

iSCSI HBA/Ethernet card 1/10Gb/s simple better high reliability, high expansion easy management, standardization, and no distance limitation

Disadvantage

Short Transmission distance ; low reliability

High cost of , lack of uniform standards limited Transmission distance

Performance less than FC SAN

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Hard disk type

Diameter
5.25 inches 3.5 inches 2.5 inches 1.8 inches

Interface
ATA/IDE SATA/NL SAS SCSI SAS FC

Medium
HDD SDD

Scenario
Desktop-class Enterprise-class

Hard disk

Desktop-class hard drive for consumer applications, are used in desktop PC, notebook, etc. Enterprise-class hard drives are used for enterprise-class applications, mainly used in servers, storage disk arrays, graphics workstations. Capacitylarger capacity for enterprise-class with 4TB PerformanceSpeed, cache, average seek time Reliability desktop-class MTBF(Mean Time Between Failures) is about 500,000 hours / Enterprise-class MTBF about1,000,000 hours
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Mainstream Disk Type

Hard disk interface is the connection component between hard disk drive and the host system for data transmission. Different hard disk interface determines the transmission speed and the system performance.
SATA
Rotational Speed RPM

SAS
15,000/10,000 Serial 0.3T/0.6T/0.9T 1,600,000
SAS is specially designed to meet the demand of highperformance compatible with SATA. Supports transmission speed up to 6.0Gb/sIt can reach 12.0Gbit/s in the future. AFR(Annualized Failure Rate) for SAS Hard Disk is less than 1%.

NL-SAS
7200 Serial 2T/3T/4T 1,200,000

SSD
NA Serial 0.1T/0.2T/0.4T 2,000,000

7,200 Serial 1T/2T/3T 1,200,000

Evolve from the ATA hard disk, uses serial transmission, SATA 2.0 supports 300MB/s, SATA3.0 supports up to 600MB/s. AFR(Annualized Failure Rate) for SATA Hard Disk is about 2%.

Serial/Parallel
Mainstream CapacityTB

MTBF(h

Remark

Solid State Disk, made up of electronic memory chip, SATA hard drive with SAS including control unit and interface which is suitable for storage unit (FLASH/DRAM tiering storage in one disk chips). Interface specification storage system. and definition, function and AFR(Annualized Failure Rate) method of use is exactly the for NL-SAS Hard Disk is about same compared with HDD, the 2%. shape and size is also the same.

14

Hard disk key indicators

CapacityVolume Capacity unit is GB or TB, Single platters capacity and number of platters determine the hard disks capacity. Rotational speed Rotational speed means how fast the platters spin on their axis, the unit is RPM Revolutions Per MinuteRotational

speed of common hard disks are 5400RPM/7200RPMSCSI/SAS interface hard disks rotational speed is up to 10000
15000RPM Average Access TimeMean seek timeMean wait time. How long it takes to retrieve the information from a disk Date Transfer Rate Data transfer rate refers to the read and write speed of the hard disk, use the unit megabytes per second (MB / s). Hard disk data transfer rate including internal transfer rate and external transfer rate.

IOPS (Input/Output Per Second) Input/Output Operations Per Second, one of the key indicators to measure the performance of the disk. Frequent random read and write applications, such as OLTP (Online Transaction Processing), IOPS is the key index. Another
important indicator is the data throughput, means successfully transmitted data quantity per unit time.
15

RAID ConceptsDefinition
Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) is a technology that combines multiple separate physical disks into a logical disk in different modes to improve disk I/O performance and data safety.

Different combination modes lead to multiple RAID levels:

RAID 0
RAID 1 RAID 3 RAID 5 RAID 6

Data striping without parity

Data mirror without parity Data striping with parity information stored on a dedicated hard disk Data striping with parity information distributed across all hard disks Data striping with parity information distributed across all hard disks as well as stored on a separate hard disk for extra backup.

Combining two different RAID levels to form a new RAID level:

RAID 0+1 RAID 10 RAID 50 Perform RAID 0 and RAID 1 in order with data striping and data mirror. Similar to RAID 0+1 with reverse order :perform RAID 1 and RAID 0 in order. Perform RAID 5 and RAID 0 in order to improve the RAID 5 performance.
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Data Organization and Access mode

Data Organization Mode
SegmentingDivide partition into multi segments which are in equal size and neighbouring, block-based segments
are composed of stripe element. StripeConsist of segments in the same position or with same number from multiple disks.

Striping
segment

stripe

Disk 0
17

Disk 1

Disk 2

Disk 3

RAID ConceptsHot SpareRebuilding

HotSpare

HotSpare Definition
A hot spare disk is a hard disk that is used to replace a failed disk in a RAID group without disturbing ongoing services.

Type
Global: A hot spare disk is available to all RAID groups. Dedicated: A hot spare is available only to a specified RAID group.

Rebuilding
Failed

A0

Rebuild

XOR

XOR

A0 Replaced

A1

A2 Data Disk

P Parity Disk

Data Disk

Data Disk

HotSpare Disk
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RAID ConceptionLUN

One or more Logic Unit Numbers (LUNs) can be created based on different RAID levels.

LUN1

LUN2

LUN3

LUN

Division
RAID

Physical Disks

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RAID LevelRAID 0,RAID 1

RAID 0
RAID 0 is also called Striped Disk Array without Fault Tolerance, which allows all data in the RAID group to be evenly striped across all hard disks.

RAID 1
RAID 1 is also named mirroring, which enables data to be written onto the source disk and mirror disk at the same time. Data A B C D E

Data A B C D E F G H

A E I

F J

G K
20

H L

A B C D E

A B C D E

RAID Level RAID 3RAID 5

RAID 3
RAID 3 is also named paralleled transfer with parity, which stripes data across all data disks and reserves a dedicated disk to store parity data.
A B C D

RAID 5
Similar but superior to RAID 3, RAID 5 also evenly distributes parity data as well as common data across data disks. RAID 5 is one

of the most commonly used RAID levels.

XOR

Data
A0 B0 C0 D0 A1 B1 C1 E1 A2 B2 D2

A0 B0 C0 D0

A1 B1 C1 D1

A2 B2 C2 D2
21

PA PB PC PD

XOR

A0 A1 A2 A3 P4

B0 B1 B2 P3 B4

C0 C1 P2 C3 C4

D0 P1 D2 D3 D4

P0 E1 E2 E3 E4

RAID Level RAID 6

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7

A8

A9

XOR

A1
A5 A9 A13

A2
A6 A10 A14

A3
A7 A11
A15

A4
A8 A12

P1
P2 P3

DP1
DP2 DP3

A16

P4

DP4

Data Disks

Orthogonal parity disk DP5

Diagonal parity disk In the Orthogonal parity disk, P1 to P4 vertically record parity information of each data disk. For example: P1 = A1 x OR A2 x OR A3 x OR A4 In the diagonal parity disk, DP1 to DP4 diagonally record parity information of each data disk and veridical parity disk. For example: DP1 = A1 x OR A6 x OR A11 x OR A16
22

RAID Combination RAID 10RAID 50

RAID 10
RAID 10 combines RAID 1 and RAID 0. When being used, RAID 1 is performed prior to RAID 0. It is a widely used RAID level.
A B C D E F G H
RAID5

RAID 50
RAID 50 combines RAID 5 and RAID 0. When being used, RAID 5 is performed prior to RAID 0.
A0 B0 D0 E0 A1 C0 D1 F0 B1 C1

RAID0
RAID5

RAID1

RAID0

RAID1

A C E

A
C

B
D

B
D

A0 A1 P02 A2
DISK0

B0 P01 B1 B2
Disk1

P00 C0 C1 P03
Disk2

XOR

D0 D1 P12 D2
Disk3

E0 P11 E1 E2
Disk4

P10 F0 F1 P13
Disk5

F
23

Comparison of different RAID Levels

RAID Level
Fault tolerance

RAID0
Low

RAID1
High

RAID5
Medium

RAID6
Highest

RAID10
High

Redundancy type Available space

Performance

zero 100%
Highest

Mirror 50%
Low

Parity N-1)/N
Medium

Parity N-2)/N
Medium

Mirror 50%
High

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Huawei RAID 2.0+: Dual-Level Virtualization

Storage pool Chunk CKG Extent Volume LUNs can be detected by the host.

Tiered

Not tiered

A variety of disks are stored in a storage pool.

The disk space is divided into chunks.

25

Chunks of various disks build a CKG.

A CKG is divided into extents.

Multiple extents form a volume.

Not tiered

LUNs can be created in a short time. Storage resources do not need to be preallocated.

Agenda

1 2 3 4

Click to add Title Storage Basic Knowledge Storage System and Software Click to add Title Storage Solutions Overview Click to add Title Storage Vendors Overview

26

Storage Array and Hardware

Overview: A disk array is a big storage resource system which contains multiple disk drives. It is differentiated from a disk enclosure, in that an array has cache memory and advanced functionality, like RAID.
Usually there are two types of array ( taking Huawei as the example):

Controller enclosure and disk enclosure are separate

Controller enclosure

Disk expansion enclosure

Storage array system

Controller enclosure and disk enclosure are integrated

Controller module

+
27

Disk enclosure

Storage array system

Dual-controllerMainstream architecture

1the data is written simultaneously to both controllers cache, avoidingdata loss in case one controller fails
2 The back-end of each controller is connected to all disks in normal operation, the controllers share the load to enhance overall system performance

The load of multi-LUNs and one LUN are distributed on the two controllers to avoid performance bottleneck. If one controller fails, another controller will take over the business with the help of host multi-path software.

Mirroring channel

Disk channel
CPU

Server
CPU CPU CPU

SAS/FC

SAS/FC

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Overview of Common Storage Software

Storage software can be broadly divided into the following categories according to function: Huawei software
Management

IT infrastructure management, disk management

Management Console InfraControl

Data protection

Snapshot, LUN copy, split mirror, remote replication

HyperSnap HyperCopy HyperClone HyperReplication

UltraPath UltraVR UltraAPM SmartThin SmartTier De-duplicationSmartQoS SmartCache SmartMotion

Reliability improvement

Multi-path software

Thin provisioning, auto data tiering,

Efficiency improvement

deduplication, service quality control,

cache prefetch, partition, auto data migration
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Multipath Protection
Hide disk redundancy
1

Reliability

efficiency

Green

Data protection

Failover and failback of failed path

Physical path IO path

No multipath installed 2 LUN are displayed in Host

Multipath installed Only 1 LUN is displayed in Host

LU LU N N Disk Driver

Virtual Disk
Disk Driver
Multipath Virtual HBA

HBA1

HBA2

ControllerA ControllerB

Multipath Driver
HBA1 HBA2 HBA1 HBA2

LUN0 LUN0 LUN0

LUN1 LUN1 LUN1

LUN2

LUN3

LUN

LUN
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Thin provisioning
Logical virtual space data data data data

Reliability

efficiency

Green

Data protection

Storage virtualization
Server
Actual allocation of physical space

disk
space disk disk

visible storage space

Configure theoretical storage space based on estimate

Storage pool

Hard disk resources

Storage array

Actually allocated physical space

31

Tiered Storage
Data access frequently, speed-sensitive access Cold data flow

Reliability

Efficiency

Green

Data protection

Data access frequency is low, no higher performance requirements

hot data flow

SSD hard drives, high access speed, high performance, and price is relatively high; Suitable for online storage;

FC/SAS hard disk access speed is relatively fast and price is moderate Suitable for near-line storage

SATA/NL-SAS hard disk, access speed is relatively slow, large capacity, relatively cheap Suitable for offline storage

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De-duplication

Reliability

Efficiency

Green

Data protection

Data de-duplication, as its name suggests, is to remove duplicate data to reduce storage space it is a data reduction technique, typically used for
disk-based backup systems. System is unable to determine which information is redundant, it is possible to determine which information is

duplicated. By identifying and removing the redundant information to achieve a system of significant "weight loss". Data after de-duplication Original file: 9TB Data before de-duplication B A A v A C A C B C
A A C B C B A A C

After de-duplication3TB Delete: 3:1, can up to 20:1

intranet

extranet

Original file: 9TB

Backup Center A A
C

B C
B

A A
C

Data center
A A
33

B B

C C

Data block Duplicate data index

Disk Spin-down
Hard drive hibernation

Reliability

Efficiency

Green

Data protection

Data is not always being used, disk spin-down technology enables specific hard disks to be set to "hibernation state to reduce energy consumption, to extend disks operational life span, to achieve power-

saving, to reduce maintenance cost. Disk spin-down is what we call the "hibernation", when there is a new I/O request, you can "wake up" the hard
drive to active.

Active
Hard disk has a normal I/O read/write access; Hard drive motor and magnetic head normally run

Idle
Without reading and writing, magnetic head sleep, motor keeps running,

Spin-down
Motor stops, magnetic head stops, hard disk power supply system works properly

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Snapshot

Reliability

Efficiency

Green

Data protection

8:00 AM

a d g j

b e h k

c f i l

Snapshot

a d g j

b e h k

c f i l

Definition: Snapshot is a fully usable copy of a defined collection of data that contains an image of the data as it appeared at the point in time at which the copy was initiated. A snapshot may be either a duplicate or a replica of the data it represents. Effect: A snapshot, as a virtual point-in-time copy, can be used to restore that point-in-time data. Value: Without interrupting business it can quickly get a copy of source file system or source LUN copy of the data. It is immediately available, and does not affect the operations of source data read and write on the copy. The snapshot technology can solve problems ,such as online backup, data analysis, application testing, and so on.

9:00 AM

a d g j

b m h k

c f n l

a d g j

b e h k

c f i l

Source

Snapshot

35

LUN Copy
1.Suspend Business

Reliability

Efficiency

Green

Data protection

Full LUN Copy

2.Start Copy

Source LUN 1TB

2.Start Copy 3.Finish Copy

Target LUN >=1TB

Source SAN Source LUN 1TB

Incremental LUN Copy

Target SAN
Target LUN >=1TB

1.Initial data synchronization

Snapshot LUN1

3. Incremental Copy Source SAN

Snapshot LUN2 36

Target SAN

Definition: LUN copy is implemented by copying data from the source LUN to the target LUN. There are two LUN copy modes: full LUN copy and incremental LUN copy. Full LUN copy: Copy all data from the source LUN to the target LUN. Incremental LUN copy: Copy only the data changed since last backup. Feature Copy between heterogeneous storage; One-to-many copy; Change the copy rate on-line; Support FC / IP network; Unrelated to the business (incremental LUN copy),without interrupting business ScenarioData Migration, Data Backup

2.Write Data

Split Mirror Function

Reliability

efficiency

Green

Data protection

Definition: The Split Mirror function creates a complete physical copy based on the original storage LUN without interrupting online service. The physical copy can be read and written and those operations dont affect the original LUN.
This function is equal to cloning the data.

37

Remote Replication Function

Reliability

Efficiency

Green

Data protection

Remote replication function is a data mirror technique. It can maintain several data copies on two or more sites to
prevent data loss caused by disasters. There are two types: synchronous and asynchronous remote replication.

Synchronous remote replication

Write a new data Write a new data Send a write request to the DR center DR center return a completesignal

Production array

DR array

Asynchronous remote replication

Write a new data Write a new data Send a write request to the DR center

DR center return a completesignal

Production array DR array

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Continuous Data Protection Technology

Reliability Efficiency Green Data protection

Continuous data protection (CDP), also called continuous backup or real-time backup, refers to backup of computer data by automatically saving a copy of every change made to that data, essentially capturing every version of the data that the user saves. It allows the user or administrator to restore data to any point in time.
CPU utilization
Time point

No impact on production
Traditional backup

Business system in "real time" backup

Data consistency N days

4-6 hours

Snapshot Replication CDP

Synchronization in the end Any time point

4d
39

3d

2d

1d

Management Software
Device management: Centralized management for multi-devices, simple configuration wizards Centralized monitoring: Topology display, Real-time monitor and control system health status, Alarm reporting mechanisms Business Guarantee: Multi-dimension performance statistics, Performance report and query ( The function marked in Red frame" are provided by Huawei Infracontrol software)
Cloud Service/Operation Management Operation Management

Business and Process Resource

Cloud Operation Portal Operation Portal

Cloud Service Enterprise Service Portal Service Catalog Measur ement Service Catalog Service Requirement

IT service management
Event Fault Treatment

Configuration
Change Management

Business issue Service Level

Cloud BSS
User User Order Product Billing Service SLA

Business security

Fault diagnosis/ Location

Business Impact Analysis

Capacity

Business KPI

Resource Management & automatic control Resource Management Resource Scheduling

Asset&Configration

Centralized Monitoring Perfor mance Alarm TOPO Monitor

Automatic Operation
System Configuration

Room Monitor Video Monitoring Environment Monitoring

CMDB Asset

Resource Control

Automatic Deployment

Software Deploy

Modularized equipment room

Container shelter

Server

Storage

Network

Security

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Storage Unified Management Software

Various storage features
A N

SN

Array Manager

NAS Manager

LUN Copy

Snapshot Manager Backup Archive

Performance Manager

Multiple device management Network resource management

Business management

Huawei InfraControl
Performance statistics

SAN Array

NAS

Lun Copy

Snapshot

Backup Archive

Performance

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Agenda

1 2 3 4

Click to add Title Storage Basic Knowledge Storage System and Software Click to add Title
Storage Solutions Overview

Click to add Title Storage Vendors Overview

42

Huawei centralized storage solutions

Basic solution

Disaster recovery

VDI HPC Web

VM Server

OA

NFS/CIFS/FTP/HTTP

CIFS/NFS/iSCSI/FC/FCoE

iSCSI/FC/FCoE

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Disaster recovery overview

Basic solution

Disaster recovery

Disaster recovery is the use of techniques to respond to a disaster. It includes data backup and system backup, business continuity planning, communications security, crisis public relations, disaster recovery planning, business recovery plans, emergency response, third-party cooperation agencies and supply chain crisis management.
During Backup

BW (Backup Window) The time allocated for the backup system to back up in a work cycle
RPO (Recovery Point Objective)
The maximum amount of data loss that the customer can withstand (a period of time)

After Backup When Failure

RTO (Recovery Time Objective)

The maximum downtime that the customer can withstand

Begin to backup

The backup is complete

The point in time that the data can be restored after the failure

Fault or disaster occur

Begin to recovery

The recovery Recovery the is over application

BW

00:00

RPO

06:00

RTO

12:00

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International Standards for Building Disaster Recovery Systems

According to SHARE 78, disaster recovery can be categorized as the following tiers.
Expenditure

Remote disaster recovery centers

Tier 7 Zero or little data loss, remote data mirroring, and service environments can be taken over by highly automated systems Tier 6 Zero or little data loss, and remote data mirroring for data integrity and consistency Tier 5 Software level, and two-stage submission between sites (transaction integrity)

Available backup centers

Tier 4 Bulk/Online database mirror or log transmission

Tier 3 Electronic link transmission

Point-in-time backup
15 mins. 1 to 4 hrs. 4 to 8 hrs. 8 to 12 hrs. 12 to 16 hrs. 24 hrs. Days Weeks

Tier 2 PTAM + hot backup site Tier 1 PTAM

RTO

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Page 45

Typical Backup Policy

Full Backup
Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri. Sat. Sun.

Basic solution

Disaster recovery

Example: full backup is to do a full backup every day; incremental backup and differential backup strategy is: do a full backup on Sunday, the other days do a partial backup

Differential Backup
Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri. Sat. Sun.

Incremental Backup
Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri. Sat. Sun. One full backup each week Other backups include differential part since last full backup

Backup all data every day

One full backup each week Other backups include differential part since last backup
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Typical Backup Network Topology: LAN-Free

Basic solution Disaster recovery

Description

Production Center
LAN

Backup Center

Backup data stream runs via SAN

iDA
Application Server

iDA
Database Server

iDA
File Server

iDA
Application Server

MA
Media Server

CS
Master Server

Advantage
Little affect on app systems No affect on current business network High backup performance

SAN

Disadvantage
Need network equipment, increase cost High equipment requirements

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Production Storage

Backup Storage

LAN-Free Network Structure

CS Master Server MA Media Server iDA Backup Agent

IP FC

Typical Backup Network Topology: Server-Free

Description

Basic solution
Disaster recovery

Production Center
LAN

Backup data stream runs directly through media server via SAN, no impact on production server
iDA iDA

Backup Center

iDA
File Server

iDA
Application Server

MA
Media Server

CS
Master Server

Advantage
No affect on business servers No affect on current network High backup performance depend on SAN

Application Server

Database Server

SAN

Disadvantage
Need investment to current network High equipment requirements

Production Storage

Backup Storage

Server-Free Network Structure

CS Master Server MA Media Server iDA Backup Agent

IP FC
48

How to Choose Technical Solution for DR

Application

Basic solution

Disaster recovery

Application

DBMS
File System

Host Layer
DB replication FS replication

DBMS
File System

OS Raw device/Volume
Device I/O driver

Raw device/Volume OS
Device I/O driver

SAN

IP

SAN Layer (VIS Mirroring)

Array Layer (HyperMirror/S)
49

SAN

IP

Disk array

NAS

Disk array

NAS

Huawei DR & Backup Solutions

Production Site
File Server Mail server Database

Basic solution

Disaster recovery

Disaster Recovery Site

Web Server

UltraVR / UltraAPM

File Server

Mail server

Database

Web Server

Tier 6
DR software

Tier 4-5

FC/IP VIS

Virtual LUN remote replication

VIS

FC/IP

Tier 4-5
SAN NAS Unified storage

Remote replication
SAN NAS Unified storage

Tier 3
Backup software Storage

IP remote replication
RTP VTL
VTL RTP Storage Backup software

Cold backup Tier 1-2

WORM PTL

Disc

WORM

VTL

Disc

50

Agenda

1 2 3 4

Click to add Title Storage Basic Knowledge Storage System and Software Click to add Title
Storage Solutions Overview

Click to add Title Storage Vendors Overview

51

Primary market vendors

EMC is the long-time market leader with more than 30% market share, other vendors are IBM, NetApp, HDS, HP, each has about 10% market share (2012Q3 Gartner data). Features of the vendors:
EMC has a complete storage solution based on acquisitions. It has a premium brand image and large market share; IBM storage combined with its minicomputers, its business advisory capacity provides an advantage in vertical

solutions;

NetApp is a leader in unstructured data storage, provides a wealth of software features and flexibility based on

unified ONTAP platform, has a lot of product differentiation;

HDS storage products have high performance, high stability; HP has advantages in the channel and business;

Huawei has invested in storage for ten years, and increased investment after Huawei Symantec became Huawei. Huawei understands the industry. Creation of a unified hardware and software platform allows sustainable development and integration of storage solutions. Currently Huawei storage market share is still very low (<1%), but is growing rapidly,
the annual compound growth rate is 80%.
52

Huawei Storage Market Strengths in Gartner Magic Quadrant

Huawei Technologies entered the enterprise storage market five years ago with the R&D and financial resources that come from being China's top telecom solution provider. It is now the third-largest disk storage system vendor in China and is growing its customer base outside China.

Source: Gartner (March 2013).

53

Competition summary comparison

Brand
Low-end Unified Mid-range Storage

Huawei
S2000T S5000T

EMC
VNXe VNX5000

Netapp
FAS2000 FAS3000

HDS
HUS110 HUS130

HP
P2000/MSA

IBM
V3000 V7000

StoreVirtual (P4000) EVA (P6000) 3PAR StoreServ 3PAR StoreServ

StoreAll / / DP

High-end
High-end SAN NAS cluster

S6000T
HVS

VNX7000
VMAX Isilon Atmos Vplex Networker

FAS6000
/ GX

HUS150
VSP HNAS / HUS VM /

V7000 DS8000,XI V
SoNAS / SVC TSM

N8000/N900 0
UDS VIS /*

Distributed Cloud Storage Virtual Storage Backup software Virtual Tap Library
Resource Management

StorageGRI D V Series / NearStore

OnComman d System Manager

VTL6900 InfraControl

DataDomain Connectrix

/
Command Suite

StoreOnce OpernView

TS Tivoli

*Note: Huawei can resell Symantec NBU and CommVault Simpana to build backup solution.
54

Entry-level storage vendor comparison

Main brand
advantage and disadvantage in Market

IBM
With the server good reputation and channels to fill the market with their products; low-end sector has been mainly to OEM, low-end is gradually self-development

HP
Market share of 20.5%. Storage products are often bundled with its own server; Although HP has a higher proportion of entry-level market, but there is a serious decline in

DELL
The highest market share of 28.5%, storage products are often bundled with its own server, the whole package sales is not conducive to customers to reduce business

Price, typical configuration [dual contronller +12 1T SATA disks] Key technologies / strengths and weaknesses

Slightly higher

Slightly higher

lowest

Feature-rich software support virtualization, real-time data compression

The entry-level product support slow to respond to new technologies in the industry. It provide basic array functions, technological advantage is not obvious

PowerVault arrays controller hardware and management software is developed by LSI. The array only conventional RAID storage, do not have efficient features like thin provisioning and compression

55

Entry-level storage vendor comparison

Main brand
advantage and disadvantage in market

EMC
Less than the market share of the low-end storage vendors such as HP, DELL, its advantages in the high-end market;

NetApp
An innovator in entry-level unified storage. It cultivated in the field of low-end for many years

HUAWEI
Latecomers, rapid development, has been the leading domestic manufacturers

Price, typical configuration [dual contronller+12 1T SATA disks]

higher

Slightly higher

In the same level with DELL

Key technologies / strengths and weaknesses

The industry's technology leader, the new low-end integration of unified storage in the same system can be accessed by multi-protocol.

Integration of unified storage innovator. Hierarchical block-based or file, while providing industry-leading performance lossless number of snapshots;
WAFL in the short term to provide a good write performance, but the performance is reduced in the case of the continued use.

the highest IOPS, the higher specification in the same price level

56

Mid-Range Storage Device comparison

Main Venders
Market sharing

EMC
26.26% market share. As storage industry leader in the global market, EMC has the most complete storage product line, the purchase is precise and clear

IBM
15.61% market share. Storage product competitiveness is weak, Sales through solution with both server and storage, keep the scale of storage market sharing.

NetApp
12.37% market share. seize the opportunity the outbreak unstructured data, introduce different kinds of NAS products, gain the rapid growth in the different customers.

HP
10.37% market share. Storage product relative competitiveness is not very strong, solution sales through the server and storage, keep the scale of storage

Huawei
0.83% market share. Huawei is currently in a period of rapid rise, a short period of time quickly jumped to the fourth, ninth of the global storage manufacturers. The overall share of the business is still a large gap compared with competitors.

Commercial Price

Price is relatively high. Value-added software charge based on service, and had a capacity license fee, the use of cost is not controllable

Price is relatively high. A variety of functions based on business volume charge, the use of cost is not controllable

Price is relatively high. Software cost is higher, a number of valueadded functions of the management software (such as snapshot) requires a separate charge. More high cost in the allocation of host access protocol authorized
The integration of unified storage, the best efficiency of NAS function; Its function is to build on the block based on the file system, so a relatively poor efficiency

Price is relatively high. A number of value-added functions of the management software (such as snapshot) requires a separate charge

The soft, hardware price is below the international competitors .software for the one-time charges,Huawei has the larger business advantage when the allocation of capacity is large.

Technology Feature

FAST efficiency featurerich software; support virtual machine ; The EMC claim performance is high, but it never participates in the SPC test, unable to provide valid proof

Mid-range level only have V7000, the biggest selling point is storage virtualization ; But the NAS function is put together by two universal server, stability and performance are not guaranteed

The advantage of integrated technology of HP storage is not strong: It does not support NAS, its port type is missing, and it is the soft rib that it does not support dynamic storage tiering and thin provisioning storage software

The performance of SPC-1 is the No.1 in the industry ; the software function equals the competitors. It will be integrated into one software platform with high-end storage system soon, so the software function will have strong advantages.

57

High-End Storage Device Comparison

Main Vendors
Market sharing

EMC
1. 44% high-end storage market share 2.Fisrt in the market share 3. Widely applied in the government and energy industry Pricing is too high especially the software features

HDS
1. 21% high-end storage market share 2.Widely applied in financial industry

IBM
1. 22% high-end storage market share 2.Dominant overall solution

HP
1. 12% high-end storage market share 2. Have an advantage in the NSP Pricing flat

Huawei
1. New entrants, has broken through taxation, public security, manufacturing, real estate and other industries.

Commercial Price

Pricing is too high

Pricing is too high, mainly support small and mainframe sales

Pricing flat

Technology Feature

Advantage 1.Support mainframe/FICON interface; 2.Abundant value-added software

Disadvantage 1.EMC adopt the RapidIO protocol shrink exchange, long latency 2.Data management granularity is thick

Advantage 1.Adopt self-design hard disks. 2.Support online cache adding.

Disadvantage 1. Tightly coupled architecture, poor scalability 2. The cache partition into force cycle is too long

Advantage 1.Closely cooperate with its mainframes; 2.Based on mature minicomputer technology
Disadvantage 1.IBM only have the dual-controller. 2.Maximum Cache / disk / interface / SPC1 / value-added software features are all at a disadvantage;

Advantage 1.Fast data reconstruction 2. Support multitenant

Disadvantage 1.Poor scalability 2.Dont support SAS disks

Advantage 1. Leading architecture 2. Per TB data recovery time is 30 minutes, asynchronous remote RPO is 5 seconds 3.1 million IOPS; 4.Use smart Series software to improve resource utilization, improve storage performance Disadvantage 1.The breadth of application is poor

58

NAS Device Comparison

Main Vendor
Gartner

EMC
leader
1. Isilons OneFS can provide bandwidth up to 100GB/s which is superiority on performance in those program needing over 10GB/s. Advantage: 1. scale-out, easy to configuration

NetAPP
leader

HP
niche player

Panasas
niche player 1. Strong advantage in the highperformance computing industry. 2. Perform well on bandwidth.
Advantage: 1. Famous on bandwidth capability. 2. Focus on HPC industry. 3. Support SSD and SATA.

Huawei
Visionaries

Key Technology

1. WAFL file system 2. C-mode cluster architecture

1. iBrix cluster technology . 2. Flexible combination( Server + storage)

1. All active cluster can balance the load of performance and capacity, and also provide linear scalability.
Advantage: 1. Support storage tiring by file. 2. Perform well in the scenario of big file and massive small files.

Advantages and Weakness

Weakness: 1. Need at least 3 nodes to form a cluster which is not suitable for middle/small business. 2. Performance of single node is not that good. 3. Bad performance for small-sized file.
59

Advantage: 1. Support NAS and SAN in one box. 2. Rich value-added function.

Advantage: 1. Combine its server and storage to get a competitive price. Weakness: 1. There are just a few cases in china and in big program.

Weakness: 1. Cluster is a new feature of NetApp. Actually, NetApp just sale two nodes mainly in traditional data centers.

Weakness: 1. Dont support SAS NL-SAS. 2. Bad performance for small-sized file.

Weakness: 1. New in industry, just few success cases.

HUAWEI ENTERPRISE ICT SOLUTIONS A BETTER WAY

Copyright2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved. The information in this document may contain predictive statements including, without limitation, statements regarding the future financial and operating results, future product portfolio, new technology, etc. There are a number of factors that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the predictive statements. Therefore, such information is provided for reference purpose only and constitutes neither an offer nor an acceptance. Huawei may change the information at any time without notice.