Doors & Gates BT Presentation

Doors & Gates
REPORTED BY: ROY BENEDICT BAUTISTA MARCHIE BORJA
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 MWF / 8:00-9:00 AM
What are DOORS?

are a movable structure used to open and
close off an entrance, typically consisting of a panel that swings on hinges or that slides or spins inside a space.
DOORS Reported by: Roy Benedict Bautista & Marchie Borja BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 / MWF / 8:00-9:00 AM
Function of Doors
Security
Safety
Privacy Ventilation
Light Admission
Control over elements of weather Temperature
Prevention of fire spread

Noise barrier
Two Main Classification of Doors
Exterior Door
Interior Door
Different Door Symbols
Parts of a Door
Other Door Features / Parts

Transom The fixed glass panel that is installed above the door. Decorative Glass Individual pieces of clear, textured or beveled glass in a pattern held together by metal strips called caming; inside the door panel, sidelight or transom. Caming Metal parts of the glass design. Metal options include lead, brass, copper, zinc (silver), or patina (black). Sidelights The fixed glass panels that are attached on either side of the door frame.

Flush bolt Bolts mounted in a door to lock a door in place. They are primarily used on double doors where one door is locked in place and the other door is the one mainly used (active door). Footbolt A type of door-securing bolt that is applied at the bottom of a door, and is designed for foot operation. Astragal An astragal is a vertical molding that closes the clearance gap between a pair of hinged doors.

Strike plate A metal plate affixed to a door jamb with a hole or holes for the bolt of the door. When the door is closed, the bolt extends into the hole in the strike plate, and holds the door closed. The strike plate protects the jamb against friction from the bolt, and increases security in the case of a jamb made of a softer material (such as wood) than the strike plate. Thumbturn The component that projects or retracts a dead bolt or latch bolt by grasping with the thumb and fingers and turning. Also called a "turnkey. Weatherstripping A strip of resilient material for covering the joint between the door panel and frame in order to reduce air leaks and prevent water from entering the structure.
Other Door Features / Parts Weep Holes The individual openings provided in the sill to allow water or condensation to escape. Weep System A series of tiny openings in the sill that allow unwanted moisture to drain to the outside. Dust pads Small, cloth-like pads used to seal the gap at the corner of a window or door. Gaskets Rubber strips applied to the top and sides of doors, and into double-hung and sliding window channels, to seal out air and water.

Back-set A dimension from the edge of the door to the center of the knob, cylinder or function hole. On doors with a beveled edge, distance is measured from the center of the door edge. Tubular (cylindrical) locksets usually have a 2 3/8 or 2 3/4 backset. Mortise Lock Lock type which installs into a large mortise or pocket (typically about 5-1/2" high and 4" deep) which has been cut into the edge of door, as opposed to a tubular (cylindrical) lock which installs through round holes bored into the face and edge of the door.
Components of Doorways
When framed in wood for snug fitting of a door, the doorway consists of two vertical jambs on either side, a lintel or head jamb at the top, and perhaps a threshold at the bottom. When a door has more than one movable section, one of the sections may be called a leaf. Lintel - A horizontal beam above a door that supports the wall above it. (Also known as a header) Jambs - The vertical posts that form the sides of a door frame, where the hinges are mounted, and with which the bolt interacts. Sill - A horizontal beam below the door that supports the frame Doorstop - a thin slat built inside the frame to prevent a door from swinging through when closed, which might break the hinges. Architrave - The decorative molding that outlines a door frame. (called an Archivolt if the door is arched). Called door casing or brickmold in North America.
Materials used on Doors

HOLLOW-CORE FLUSH HARDBOARD INTERIOR DOOR
SOLID-CORE FLUSH
MEDIUM-DENSITY FIBERBOARD (MDF) FIBERGLASS EXTERIOR INSULATED WOODEN-PANEL DOORS
STAVE-CORE
STEEL EXTERIOR DOORS GLASS-PANELED
Materials Used on Doors A hollow-core flush interior door is a common choice for new construction. It has a frame made of solid wood boards that are typically about 1 1/2 inches wide. A cardboard webbing runs through the interior to provide rigidity and prevent drumming. These doors can last for decades if treated gently, but can be dented or punctured if hit hard.
Materials Used on Doors

The
most affordable choice is a stamped hardboard interior door. The hardboard (sometimes called by the brand name Masonite) is a fairly soft material, but is usually covered with a hard-baked paint. Some hardboard doors are hollowcore, while others are filled with foam or particleboard. These can look great for years if treated gently, but they are easily dented; if they become wet for prolonged periods, the hardboard will swell. Both conditions are difficult to repair.

A solid-core flush exterior door is
made much like a hollow-core interior door, but the space within the wood frame is filled with solid particleboard. These are very heavy but not as durable as other exterior doors. If not kept protected with paint, the veneer may delaminate from the particleboard. If the particle board gets wet, the door can become unusable.

Interior
doors made of mediumdensity fiberboard (MDF) are gaining in popularity. Many of these doors have a paneled yet modern look and are available in a wide range of attractive styles. MDF is harder and less susceptible to denting than hardboard, though not as strong as solid wood.

Fiberglass exterior doors are quickly
gaining in popularity. Fiberglass is easily molded into most any shape and style. Fiberglass is durable, hard, and not prone to shrinking, expanding, or warping. These doors are available in a variety of colors and are easy to paint.

Insulated Wooden-panel doors, made
for interior and exterior applications, have a classic appeal. Solid wood has good strength and insulating properties. Hardwoods such as oak are very resistant to denting; softwoods such as pine are more easily dented but are still quite durable. All exterior doors must be protected with paint or finish to prevent them from warping or cracking. Some exterior woodpanel doors have a foam core, for added insulation and stability.

A stave-core (also called "core-
block") exterior door looks like a standard wood-panel door, but it is made of several thin pieces of wood that are laminated together. The laminated core is then covered with a wooden veneer. This method makes for an extremely stable door. However the veneer is liable to peel if the door is not kept protected with stain or paint.
Materials Used on Doors Once considered an option only for commercial applications, steel exterior doors are increasingly popular for homes. Some have a steel face with a foam core for insulation. Others have a core made of foam wrapped in steel, with a wood veneer applied to the exterior. The result is a door with good insulating properties that is also very strong and burglar resistant.
Materials Used on Doors Glass-panel doors need to be well built, especially if they are exterior doors. Individual glass panes are often referred to as "lights" (or "lites"). Be sure to get gas-filled thermal glass panes for an exterior door, and make sure the glass is well sealed against the stiles and rails.
Door Types according to Design / Types

A
half door or Dutch door or stable door is divided in half horizontally. Traditionally the top half can be opened to allow a horse or other animal to be fed, while the bottom half remained closed to keep the animal inside. This style of door has been adapted for homes.

Saloon
doors are a pair of lightweight swing doors often found in public bars, and especially associated with the American west. Saloon doors, also known as cafe doors, often use bidirectional hinges which close the door regardless of which direction it is opened by incorporating springs. Saloon doors that only extend from knee-level to chest-level are known as batwing doors.

A barn door is a door
characteristic of a barn. They are often/always found on barns, and because of a barn's immense size (often) doors are subsequently big for utility.

A French door is a door
(installed singly or as one of a matching pair or series) consisting of a frame around one or more transparent and/or translucent panels (called lights or lites); it is also called a French window as it resembles a door-height casement window.

A
false door is a wall decoration that looks like a door. In ancient Egyptian architecture, this was a common element in a tomb, the false door representing a gate to the afterlife. They can also be found in the funerary architecture of the desert tribes (e.g., Libyan Ghirza).
Door Types according to Mechanism

Many kinds of doors have specific names, depending on their purpose. Single-leaf door is the most common variety of door which consists of a single rigid panel that fills the doorway. Many variations on this basic design are possible, such as the doubleleaf door simmilar to French doors that have two adjacent independent panels hinged on each side of the doorway.

A flush door is a completely smooth door,
having plywood or MDF fixed over a light timber frame, the hollow parts of which are often filled with a cardboard core material. Skins can also be made out of hardboards, the first of which was invented by William H Mason in 1924. Called Masonite, its construction involved pressing and steaming wood chips into boards. Flush doors are most commonly employed in the interior of a dwelling, although slightly more substantial versions are occasionally used as exterior doors, especially within hotels and other buildings containing many independent dwellings.
Components of a Flushed Door

Many modern doors, including most interior doors, are flush doors: Stiles and rails - As above, but usually smaller. They form the outside edges of the door. Core material: Material within the door used simply to fill space, provide rigidity and reduce druminess. Hollow-core - Often consists of a lattice or honeycomb made of corrugated cardboard, or thin wooden slats. Can also be built with staggered wooden blocks. Hollow-core flush doors are commonly used as interior doors. Lock block - A solid block of wood mounted within a hollow-core flush door near the bolt to provide a solid and stable location for mounting the door's hardware. Stave-core - Consists of wooden slats stacked upon one another in a manner similar to a plank & batten door (though the slats are usually thinner) or the wooden-block hollow-core (except that the space is entirely filled). Solid-core - Can consist of low-density particle board or foam used to completely fill the space within the door. Solid-core flush doors (especially foam-core ones) are commonly used as exterior doors because they provide more insulation and strength. Skin - The front and back faces of the door are then covered with wood veneer, thin plywood, sheet metal, fiberglass, or vinyl. The wooden materials are usually layered with the grain alternating direction between layers to prevent warping. Fiberglass and metal-faced doors are sometimes given a layer of cellulose so that they may be stained to look like real wood.

A panel door also called stile and rail doors, are
built with frame and panel construction.
Components of a Panel Door
Stiles - Vertical boards that run the full height of a door and compose its right and left edges. The hinges are mounted to the fixed side (known as the "hanging stile"), and the handle, lock, bolt, and/or latch are mounted on the swinging side (known as the "latch stile"). Rails - Horizontal boards at the top, bottom, and optionally in the middle of a door that join the two stiles and split the door into two or more rows of panels. The "top rail" and "bottom rail" are named for their positions. The bottom rail is also known as "kick rail". A middle rail at the height of the bolt is known as the "lock rail", other middle rails are commonly known as "cross rails". Mullions - Smaller optional vertical boards that run between two rails, and split the door into two or more columns of panels, the term is used sometimes for verticals in doors, but more often (UK and Australia) it refers to verticals in windows. Muntin - Optional vertical members that divide the door into smaller panels. Panels - Large, wider boards used to fill the space between the stiles, rails, and mullions. The panels typically fit into grooves in the other pieces, and help to keep the door rigid. Panels may be flat, or in raised panel designs. Lite - a piece of glass used in place of a panel, essentially giving the door a window.

Hinge
doors are common doors are hinged along one side to allow the door to pivot away from the doorway in one direction but not in the other. The axis of rotation is usually vertical. In some cases, such as hinged garage doors, the axis may be horizontal, above the door opening.

A swing doors has special hinges that allow it to
open either outwards or inwards, and is usually sprung to keep it closed.
Door Swings
For most of the world, door swings, or handing, are determined while standing on the outside or less secure side of the door while facing the door. To determine hand, stand on the outside (or less secure) side of the door. While facing the door, if the hinge is on the right side of the door, the door is "Right handed"; or if the hinge is on the left, it is "Left handed". If the door swings toward you, it is "Reverse swing"; or if the door swings away from you, it is "Normal swing".
Door Swings
In other words: Left hand hinge (LHH): Standing outside (or on the less secure side, or on the public side of the door), the hinges are on the left and the door opens in (away from you). Right hand hinge (RHH): Standing outside (or on the less secure side), the hinges are on the right and the door opens in (away from you). Left hand reverse (LHR): Standing outside the house (or on the less secure side), the hinges are on the left, knob on right, on opening the door it swings towards you (i.e. the door swings open towards the outside, or "outswing") Right hand reverse (RHR): Standing outside the house (i.e. on the less secure side), the hinges are on the right, knob on left, opening the door by pulling the door towards you (i.e. open swings to the outside, or "outswing)

A louvered door has fixed or movable
wooden fins (often called slats or louvers) which permit open ventilation while preserving privacy and preventing the passage of light to the interior. Being relatively weak structures, they are most commonly used for wardrobes and drying rooms, where security is of less importance than good ventilation, although a very similar structure is commonly used to form window shutters.

A ledge and brace door is a
door made from multiple vertical planks fixed together by two horizontal planks (the ledges) and kept square by a diagonal plank (the brace). This type consists of vertical tongue and grooved boards held together with battens and diagonal braces.

A batten door is a door
constructed of vertical boards held together by horizontal battens and diagonal bracing.
Plank and Batten Doors

Plank and batten doors are an older design consisting primarily of vertical slats: Planks - Vertical boards that extend the full height of the door, and are placed side by side filling the door's width. Battens - Smaller slats that extend horizontally across the door which the planks are affixed to. The battens hold the planks together. Sometimes a long diagonal slat or two are also implemented to prevent the door from skewing. On some doors, especially antique ones, the battens are replaced with iron bars that are often built into the hinges as extensions of the door-side plates.

A
wicket door is a pedestrian door built into a much larger door allowing access without requiring the opening of the larger door. Examples might be found on the ceremonial door of a cathedral or in a large vehicle door in a garage or hangar.

A bi-fold door is a folding door
that divides into two parts, the inner leaf of each part being hung from an overhead track and the other leaf pivoted at the jamb. Wood is the most common material, and doors may also be metal or glass. Bifolds are most commonly made for closets, but may also be used as units between rooms.

Folding door is a door with hinged sections
that can be folded flat against one another when opened.

Accordion door is a multi-leafed
door that is hung from an overhead track and opens by folding back in the manner of an accordion

Sliding doors, It is often useful
to have doors which slide along tracks, often for space or aesthetic considerations.
Pocket doors are doors which
slide between two wall panels.

A
sliding glass door, sometimes called an Arcadia door or a Patio door, is a door made of glass that slides open and sometimes has a screen (a removable metal mesh that covers the door).

Glass door is a door of heat-
strengthened glass, with or without rails or stiles, used primarily as an entrance door.

Pivot door is a door carried
on and swinging about on a center or offset pivot, as distinguished from one hung on hinges.

Rolling
door, a large door consisting of horizontal interlocking metal slats guided by a track on either side, opening by coiling about an overhead drum at the head of the door opening.

A self-bolting door is called as
such because of its special hinges that permit the panel leaf to move laterally so that the door itself becomes a giant bolt for better security result. The selfbolting door principle can be used both for hinged doors as for rotating doors, as well as up-andover doors (in the latter case, the bolts are then placed at top and bottom rather than at the sides).

A rotating door normally has
several wings/leaves that hang on a center shaft forming compartments which rotate one way about a vertical axis. Doors using four wings are most common, but there are also examples with two, three, or six wings. The door may be motorized, or pushed manually using push bars. People can walk out of and into the building at the same time.

Up-and-over or overhead
doors are often used in garages. Instead of hinges it has a mechanism, often counterbalanced or sprung, that allows it to be lifted so that it rests horizontally above the opening. A roller shutter or sectional overhead door is one variant of this type.

A trapdoor is a door that is oriented horizontally in
a floor or ceiling, often accessed via a ladder.

A pet door (also known as a dog door or cat flap)
is an opening in a door to allow pets to enter and exit without the main door being opened.

A butterfly door called because of
its two "wings". It consists of a double-wide panel with its rotation axle in the centre, effectively creating two separate openings when the door is opened. Butterfly doors are made to rotate open in one direction (usually counterclockwise), and rotate closed in the opposite direction. The door is not equipped with handles, so it is a "push" door.

A jib door is a concealed
door, whose surface reflects the moldings and finishes of the wall. These were used in historic English houses, mainly as servants' doors.

Blast-proof
doors are constructed to allow access to a structure but also to provide protection from the force of explosions. Commonly used in banks and vaults.

Automatic / electric doors are powered open and closed either by electricity, spring, or both. There are several methods by which it is activated: 1. A sensor detects traffic is approaching. Sensors for automatic doors are generally: A pressure sensor - e.g., a floor mat which reacts to the pressure of someone standing on it. An infrared curtain or beam which shines invisible light onto sensors; if someone or something blocks the beam the door is triggered open. A motion sensor which uses low-power microwave radar for the same effect. A remote sensor (e.g. based on infrared or radio waves) can be triggered by a portable remote control, or is installed inside a vehicle. These are popular for garage doors. 2. A switch is operated manually, perhaps after security checks. This can be a push button switch or a swipe card. 3. The act of pushing or pulling the door triggers the open and close cycle. These are also known as power-assisted doors.
What is a Gate?
A gate or gateway is a point of entry
to a space enclosed by walls, or a moderately sized opening in some sort of fence. Gates may prevent or control the entry or exit of individuals, or they may be merely decorative. Other terms for gate include yett and port. The word derives from the old Norse "gata", meaning road or path, and originally referred to the gap in the wall or fence, rather than the barrier which closed it.
What is a Gate?
A gate may have a latch to keep it from swinging and
a lock for security. Larger gates can be used for a whole building, such as a castle or fortified town, or the actual doors that block entry through the gatehouse. Today, many gate doors are opened by an automated gate operator.
Baby gate or Child Safety Gate

It is a protective barrier designed to
prevent young children from accessing areas of a home where they might be unsafe, such as stairways and kitchens. Baby gates are typically constructed of metal, plastic and/or wood, and can be expanded to fit in a range of doorway widths. Baby gates are also frequently used to contain small pets, especially ones that are not housebroken.
City Gate
A gate which is, or was, set within a city
wall. Other terms include port. City gates were traditionally built to provide a point of controlled access to and departure from a walled city for people, vehicles, goods and animals. Depending on their historical context they filled functions relating to defense, security, health, trade, taxation, and representation, and were correspondingly staffed by military or municipal authorities
Hampshire gate or Wire Gate

A type of agricultural gate formed from a
section of wire fence which can be removed temporarily. This type of gate is used where access is only needed occasionally, or when the cost of a conventional rigid gate cannot be justified.
Kissing Gate
A type of gate which allows
people to pass through, but not livestock. This design of gate does not usually allow bicycles to be taken through, and they must be lifted over the fence. The etymology of the name is that the gate merely "kisses" (touches) the enclosure either side, rather than needing to be securely latched.
Lychgate
Also spelled lichgate, lycugate, or as
two separate words lych gate, (from Old English lic, corpse) is a gateway covered with a roof found at the entrance to a traditional English or Englishstyle churchyard. Lychgates consist of a roofed porch-like structure over a gate, often built of wood. They usually consist of four or six upright wooden posts in a rectangular shape. On top of this are a number of beams to hold a pitched roof covered in thatch or wooden or clay tiles.
Torii
a
traditional Japanese gate most commonly found at the entrance of or within a Shinto shrine, where it symbolically marks the transition from the profane to the sacred. The presence of a torii at the entrance is usually the simplest way to identify Shinto shrines, and a small torii icon represents them on Japanese road maps. They are, however, a common sight at Japanese Buddhist temples too, where they stand at the entrance of the temple's own shrine, called chinjusha and usually very small.
Turnstile
also called a baffle gate, is a form
of gate which allows one person to pass at a time. It can also be made so as to enforce one-way traffic of people, and in addition, it can restrict passage only to people who insert a coin, a ticket, a pass, or similar. Thus, a turnstile can be used in the case of paid access (sometimes called a fare gate when used for this purpose), for example public transport as a ticket barrier or a pay toilet, or to restrict access to authorized people, for example in the lobby of an office building.
THANK YOU!
DOORS Reported by: Roy Benedict Bautista & Marchie Borja BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 / MWF / 8:00-9:00 AM Arch. Sylvester David Seo

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Doors & Gates

REPORTED BY: ROY BENEDICT BAUTISTA MARCHIE BORJA

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 MWF / 8:00-9:00 AM

What are DOORS?

Prevention of fire spread

Two Main Classification of Doors

Different Door Symbols

Other Door Features / Parts

Other Door Features / Parts

Other Door Features / Parts

Other Door Features / Parts

Materials used on Doors

Materials Used on Doors

Materials Used on Doors

Materials Used on Doors

Materials Used on Doors

Materials Used on Doors

Materials Used on Doors

Door Types according to Design / Types

Door Types according to Design / Types

Door Types according to Design / Types

Door Types according to Design / Types

Door Types according to Design / Types

Door Types according to Design / Types

Door Types according to Mechanism

Door Types according to Mechanism

Components of a Flushed Door

Door Types according to Mechanism

built with frame and panel construction.

Components of a Panel Door

Door Types according to Mechanism

Door Types according to Mechanism

open either outwards or inwards, and is usually sprung to keep it closed.

Door Types according to Mechanism

Door Types according to Design / Types

Door Types according to Mechanism

Plank and Batten Doors

Door Types according to Design / Types

Door Types according to Mechanism

Door Types according to Mechanism

that can be folded flat against one another when opened.

Door Types according to Mechanism

Door Types according to Mechanism

Pocket doors are doors which

slide between two wall panels.

Door Types according to Mechanism

Door Types according to Mechanism

Door Types according to Mechanism

Door Types according to Mechanism

Door Types according to Mechanism

Door Types according to Mechanism

Door Types according to Mechanism

Door Types according to Mechanism

a floor or ceiling, often accessed via a ladder.

Door Types according to Mechanism

Door Types according to Mechanism

Door Types according to Mechanism

Door Types according to Mechanism

Door Types according to Mechanism

Baby gate or Child Safety Gate

Hampshire gate or Wire Gate

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Doors & Gates BT Presentation

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