Physics Chapter 9

Day 4

Fluid Problems

Mystery Day
Day 4 Archimedes Principle

DEMO
Place two soda cans into a clear container of water. Will they both float/sink? Why? Sugar is more dense than nutri-sweet

Archimedes Principle
Finding FB Object floating.... FB = weight of object Object fully submerged... FB = weight of fluid displaced

Archimedes Principle
Pressure is lower at top Pressure is higher at bottom This causes a upward net force acting on the object due to fluid pressure.

Archimedes Principle
A fluid exerts an upward force on a submerged object = to weight of the volume of fluid displaced by the object.

= density of fluid g = gravity

of the fluid it's in

V = volume of the fluid the block displaces

Archimedes Principle
Finding FB Object floating.... FB = weight of object Object fully submerged... FB = weight of fluid displaced

Archimedes PrincipleApplication
Gases can also have buoyant forces. The buoyant force due to the outside air keeps these balloons aloft.

Archimedes PrincipleApplication
Cruise ships, big boats, etc. Constructed so that they can displace large amounts of water. Average density becomes smaller if you include the air.

Archimedes PrincipleApplication
How can a hippopotamus sink to the bottom of a pond?

By exhaling.

Archimedes PrincipleApplication
An armadillo does just the opposite: it swallows air, inflating its stomach and intestines, to increase the buoyant force for a swim across a large lake.

Specific Gravity
Ratio of density of substance compared to the density of water.

S .G. = W

1000 kg/m3 OR 1 g/cm3

Specific Gravity
Application: Giving Blood - Anemia Test Before taking blood, a drop is placed in a solution of known density. If it does not sink, it is not safe to give blood.

Archimedes' Principle
Archimedes' is said to have discovered his principle in his bath while thinking how he might determine whether the king's new crown was pure gold or fake. Gold has a specific gravity of 19.3, somewhat higher than most metals. Determining specific gravity or density of the crown would be difficult b/c of its shape. So he used his principle to find out if the crown was gold.

Problem 19
A flat-bottomed barge, loaded with coal, has a mass of 3.6 105 kg. The barge is 30.0 m long and 20.0 m wide. It floats in fresh water. What is the depth of the barge below the waterline?
Answer: 0.60 meters
Problem like #30 Giambattista Ch 9

Problem 20
(a) What is the buoyant force on 0.70 kg of ice floating freely in liquid water? (b) What is the buoyant force on 0.70 kg of ice that is held completely submerged under water?
a) 6.86 N upward b) 7.48 N upward
Problem like #31 Giambattista Ch 9

Problem 21
A steel cylinder weighs 1.2 N. When the cylinder is completely submerged in mercury, the volume of the displaced mercury is 3.001 106 m3. The cylinder weighs 0.8 N when completely submerged in the mercury. What is the specific gravity of the mercury?

13.6

Problem like #37 Giambattista Ch 9

Problem 22

A geologist finds that a moon rock whose mass is 8.20 kg has an apparent mass of 6.18 kg when submerged in water. What is the density of the rock? Answer:
4.06 x 103 kg/m3.

Problem #24 page 290 Giancoli

Problem 23
A 70-kg rock lies at the bottom of a lake. Its volume is 3 x 104 cm3. How much force is needed to lift it?
Answer: 392 N
Example 10-3 page 267 Giancoli

Problem 24
When a crown of mass 14.7 kg is submerged in water, an accurate scale reads a mass of 13.4 kg. Is the crown made of gold?

Answer: 11,308 kg/m3 No, its made of lead

Example 10-4 page 268 Giancoli

Problem 25
What is the likely identity of a metal if a sample has a mass of 63.5 g when measured in air and an apparent mass of 56.4 g when submerged in water?
Answer: 8.94 x10 3 kg/m3 Copper
Problem #28 page 290 Giancoli

Problem 26
A 0.50-kg piece of wood floats in water but is found to sink in alcohol (specific gravity = 0.79) in which it has an apparent mass of 0.035 kg. What is the SG of the wood?
Answer: 0.85
Problem #31 page 290 Giancoli