Kyle Shearer EE230 Lab 6 Operational amplifiers were the focus for this lab; we constructed four different

circuits and obtained data from the outputs. Theoretical and analytical values were both found. Part 1: Non-inverting Amplifier I calculated the gain of the first circuit (see circuit 1) to be 10.001V/V. The actual gain, when using a d.c. source, was 10.9V/V. The voltage gain when using an a.c. signal was 11.9V/V (see image 1). These actual gain values are very similar to the theoretical ones. When grounding the negative power supply pin the output disappears. Conversely, when grounding the positive power supply pin, the signal is simply clipped on the top side. When both supply pins are grounded the signal disappears completely.

Circuit 1 Image 1 Part 2: Inverting Amplifier The second amplifier (see circuit 2) we experimented with has a theoretical gain of -10V/V. Using a d.c. voltage, the gain was found to be -9.6V/V. When inputting an a.c. signal the gain showed to be 8.79V/V (see image 2). Both of these outputs measured are very close to being equal to my calculated value. The waveform of output started clipping around 1.6Vppthis is related to the ratio between the resistors one and two. If the input results in a voltage output much larger than the ratio of R2 to R1 the output signal gets limited. We swept the frequency to see when the power was reduced drastically and found that at 31 kHz the signal changed dramatically. Nothing changed when inserting a resistor in between the noninverting pin and ground. Nor did anything increase or decrease when putting a resistor between the output and ground.

Circuit 2

Kyle Shearer EE230

Image 2

Part 3: Summing Amplifier The output voltage of this circuit (see circuit 3), analytically, is -1.88Vin (a gain of -1.88V/V). Upon building the system, we found the output voltage to be -1.792 with the multimeter. The theoretical voltage output matched this very closely. When inputting an a.c. signal, the waveform was offset by about a half volt (negatively). When increasing the voltage of Vs1, the waveform disappears from sight around .5V. The extra volt on the non-inverting pin takes the output signal away entirely.

Circuit 3

Image 3

Kyle Shearer EE230 Part 4: Difference Amplifier The output voltage, theoretically, for this circuit (see circuit 4) was calculated to be 2.8723Vin V. The output waveform is similar to the values found analytically (~.85V compared to 1.17V). The circuit does, in fact, act as a difference amplifier (see image 5). Removing resistor 3 increases a volt to the output (compare image 5with resistor 3and image 6without resistor 3).

Circuit 4 Image 4

Image 5

Image 6