M phng h truyn ng BLDC s dng Matlab/Simulink H truyn ng BLDC c m phng s dng Matlab/Simulink.

M hnh ng c BLDC, ngun 1 chiu, b bin i cng sut IGBT c ly trong th vin SimPowerSystem ca Simulink, khi gii m tn hiu Hall c ly t demo ca Matlab. Cc khi cn li do ngi vit t xy dng. S m phng tng th trn Simulink:

Hnh 15: S m phng h truyn ng BLDC trn Simulink Khi gii m tn hiu Hall (Hall Decoder):

Hnh 16: Khi gii m tn hiu Hall Khi iu khin di tr dng in Hysteresis Current Control HCC:

Hnh 17: Khi iu khin di tr dng in HCC B iu khin tc Speed Regulator c thit k bi khu PI v khu hn ch dng.

Kt qu m phng: p ng bc nhy ca tc v moment ng c:

Hnh 18: p ng tc v moment Ta thy rng moment ca ng c tn ti cc nhp nh (ripple). Cc nhp nh ny c th chia thnh 2 loi: nhp nh do khu PWM ca b iu chnh dng v nhp nh do chuyn mch dng in. Loi th nht l nhp nh do khu PWM c th b qua v cc nhp nh ny c bin nh v tn s ln, khi ni ng c vo ti (c tnh cht qun tnh) th nhp nh ny gn nh b lc b hon ton. Loi nhp nh th hai l nhp nh do chuyn mch dng in, c tn sut l 6 ln trong 1 chu k. y l nhp nh c bin ln v tn s nh, s gy rung, lc ng c v khi chy tc thp s kh n nh tc . Ta nhn cn cnh thy r hn iu ny:

Hnh 19: Nhp nh moment do PWM v do chuyn mch dng in Sc phn in ng dng sng hnh thang:

Hnh 20: Sc phn in ng

Dng in 3 pha c iu khin:

Hnh 21: Dng in 3 pha Dng in v sc phn in ng 3 pha ca BLDC khi v trn cng mt h trc ta cho thy r rng tnh cht mt chiu ca loi ng c ny:

Hnh 22: Dng in v sc phn in ng 3 pha

Qu o t thng ca ng c khi khng ti c dng hnh trn:

Hnh 23: Qu o t thng khi khng ti Khi c ti, qu o t thng xut hin cc bc ti thi im chuyn mch:

Hnh 24: Qu o t thng khi c ti Mt ci nhn r hn v s chuyn mch dng in khng l tng v p mch dng in do PWM:

Hnh 25: S chuyn mch dng in khng l tng v p mch PWM

iu khin ng c BLDC:
Phng php iu khin truyn thng ng c BLDC l ng ct cc kha mch lc (IGBT hoc MOSFET) cp dng in vo cun dy stator ng c da theo tn hiu Hall sensor a v. S nguyn l mch lc v ng c nh sau:

Hnh 8: S nguyn l mch lc

Hnh 9: Nguyn tc iu khin truyn thng ng c BLDC Ch iu khin ny gi l ch iu khin 120o. y l ch iu khin c bn ca BLDC, cc ch khc tm thi cha xt n. Ta thy rng, trong mt thi im bt k lun lun ch c 2 pha dn in, do ta cn gi y l ch iu khin 2 pha dn. Ch khc (3 pha dn) cng cha xt y. Di mi pha dn ta thy u c dng in 1 chiu v sc in ng 1 chiu, do ng c BLDC c c tnh c v c tnh iu khin ging vi ng c 1 chiu. Chnh v th m ng c ny c tn gi l ng c mt chiu khng chi than ch thc ra n l ng c xoay chiu ng b nam chm vnh cu.

Hnh 10: c tnh c moment tc ca ng c BLDC Ta xem trc hnh nh mt kt qu m phng (s trnh by m phng phn sau) thy r hn iu va ni:

Hnh 11: Sc phn in ng v dng in 3 pha

Trn hnh v l qu trnh khi ng, chy khng ti v sau khi ng ti ca ng c BLDC. Ta thy r rng cc pha (vi cc mu khc nhau) thay nhau dn v tnh cht mt chiu ca chng. thc hin nguyn l iu khin trn, cu hnh iu khin di tr dng in (Hysteresis Current Control HCC) c thc hin v l cu hnh iu khin kinh in cho ng c BLDC.

Hnh 12: Nguyn l iu khin di tr dng in HCC Vng iu khin tc ngoi ging vi ng c mt chiu. Sai s gia tc t v tc thc c a vo b iu chnh tc G, u ra ca b iu chnh G l lng t dng in Id*. Tn hiu Hall sensor a v c gii m thnh thng tin v dng in yu cu 3 pha Ia, Ib, Ic c kt hp vi gi tr dng Id* qua khu logic v a ra cc lng t dng in Ia*, Ib*, Ic*. Ba khu relay 2 trng thi c s dng ng ct cc kha mch lc nhm bm cc dng in ny vo ng c phng php iu khin di tr dng in. Dng in trong cc pha c dng nh sau:

Hnh 13: Dng in, sc phn in ng trong nguyn l iu khin di tr D nhn thy rng vi phng php iu chnh dng HCC, dng in chuyn mch 6 ln trong 1 chu k. S chuyn mch khng l tng (khng tc thi, thi gian ln v xung khng bng nhau) gy nn nhng hn ch ca ng c BLDC: -Nhp nh moment -Qu o t thng khng trn, kh xc nh Nhp nh moment (torque ripple) l im yu ca ng c BLDC, mt s lng ln cc nghin cu v ng c BLDC l lm sao gim c s nhp nh ny. Thng thng, qu o t thng ca ng c phi c hnh trn, nhng do s chuyn mch khng l tng ca dng in nn qu o t thng ca ng c BLDC c 6 gai, bc trong 1 chu k. Vic c lng t thng ti cc bc l rt kh khn, do rt kh iu khin t thng ng c BLDC. Vic iu khin ng c BLDC cho n nay u b qua vic iu khin t thng ca n.

Hnh 14: Qu o t thng stator khng trn vi 6 bc trong 1 chu k