001 t qun hu Cho bn c vua kch thc NxN.

Yu cu lit k tt c cc cch t N qun hu ln bn c vua sao cho chng khng th n nhau. D liu vo: Trong file HAU.INP l mt s nguyn dng N duy nht N16 D liu ra: ghi vo file HAU.OUT gm nhiu dng, mi dng l mt cch t N qun hu ln bn c vua 002 ng i ngn nht Trong vn tranh chp bin ng, Vit Nam kin TQ ln ton n Quc t v TQ vi phm ch quyn Vit Nam. tm bng chng qun o Hong Sa l ca Vit Nam, ton n quc t c ngi sang nc ta. Trc khi n Hong Sa, ngi ta lp ra mt bn hnh ch nht kch thc MxN, trong , mi ca bn l mt o v gi tr trong mi l s lng bng chng c c trn o. Ta n quc t chun b trc lch trnh thu thp chng c trn tt c cc o, tuy nhin TQ bit c iu ny nn trn mt s hn o bng chng c li cho nc ta b nh tro thnh bng chng c li cho TQ. Khi ngi ca to n quc t bt u xut pht trn hn o c ta (1,1) th tnh bo Vit Nam pht hin nhiu hn o b nh tro bng chng ng thi tu chin TQ ang ui theo t pha sau v bn tri do vy k hoch ng i ca ton n phi thay i: Tu ca ton n ch c i thng hoc r phi v ch gh thm nhng hn o no c chng c c li cho Vit Nam Yu cu: hy vit chng trnh lp ng i cho tu ca ta n i qua cc o s lng bng chng thu c cho Vit Nam l ln nht khi tu i n hn o c ta MxN. D liu vo: T file BC.INP + Dng u tin ghi hai s nguyn dng M v N + M dng tip theo, mi dng ghi N s nguyn. S nguyn dng i ct j cho bit s lng bng chng c li c th thu c t hn o ny, nu bng 0 c ngha l bng chng b TQ nh tro. + (1,1) v (M,N) c gi tr dng D liu ra: ghi vo file BC.OUT l mt s nguyn duy nht cho bit s lng bng chng nhiu nht thu c V d: BC.INP BC.OUT 45 24 12305 10225 32703 22116

003 Lu i Splendid, vua x Byteotia mun cho c con gi xinh p ca mnh cng cha Ada xut gi. ng hi con gi mun ngi chng ca mnh phi th no. Cng cha tr li l chng tng lai phi l mt ngi thng minh, ng thi khng hoang ph cng nh khng keo kit bn xn. Nh vua suy ngh kh lu v cch kim tra chn cho cng cha ngi tt nht. Cui cng ng thy hay nht l s dng lu i ca mnh t chc tip i mi c dn ca Byteotia. Lu i c rt

nhiu phng, trong trng by cc bu vt quc gia. Theo cc hnh lang trong lu i, ngi ta c th gh vo phng ny hay phng khc, ngm nhn cc hin vt c o trng by,mang li nhng kinh ngc thch th cho ngi xem. gh vo mi phng, ngi tham quan phi tr mt s Bytealer (n v tin t ca Byteotia). Cuc tham quan bt u t phng c ca vo lu i. Nh vua trao cho mi ngi trong din c th chn lm ph m mt ti tin, vi mt s lng Bytealer nh nhau. Nh vua yu cu mi ngi t chn ng i tham quan, bt u t phng vo lu i v kt thc phng cng cha ngi. Mi ngi c yu cu chi ht ng s tin trong ti c trao. Nhng ngi hoang ph chi qu nhiu cho vic gh xem cc phng trng by v ht tin trc khi n c phng cng cha. Ngc li, nhng ngi keo kit ti phng cng cha vi ti vn cn tin, kt qu l b cng cha ui ra ngoi sau khi thu ht s tin d trong ti.

Yu cu: Ch ra dy phng cn gh xem trn ng i ti phng cng cha v tiu ht ng s tin trong ti c trao. D liu vo m bo c li gii. Nu c nhiu li gii th ch cn nu mt trong s . D liu: Vo t file vn bn CASTLE.INP: Dng u tin c 5 s nguyn n, m, e, p, b, 1<=n<=100, 1<=m<=4950, 1<=e,p<=n, 1<=b<=1000, trong n - s phng, m - s hnh lang, cc phng c nh s t 1 n n, e phng vo lu i, p- phng c cng cha, b - s Bytealer trong ti; Dng th 2 cha n s nguyn dng c1, c2,..., cn, 1<=ci<=1000, ci - tin cn tr vo xem phng i; m dng tip theo: mi dng cha mt cp s nguyn dng x, y, (x<>y, 1<=x,y<=n),cho bit c hnh lang ni 2 phng x v y. Cc s trn mt dng cc nhau t nht mt du cch. Kt qu: a ra file vn bn CASTLE.OUT dy s nguyn xc nh cc phng cn gh t, i t e n p. V d: CASTLE.INP CASTLE.OUT 56349 324 12345 24 54 15 12 23 31 004 Tm biu thc Cho xu s N= 123456789 v s nguyn M Yu cu: Hy tm cch chn vo N cc du cng hoc tr thu c biu thc c gi tr bng M (nu c th)

D liu vo: c t file vn bn BTHUC.INP c ni dung duy nht l s nguyn M D liu ra: Ghi vo file vn bn BTHUC.OUT. Ghi tt c cc biu thc thu c nu c, nu khng thu c biu thc no c gi tr bng M th ghi l KHONG CO V d: BTHUC.INP 500 BTHUC.OUT 1-234-56+789 1-2+345+67+89 -12+34+567-89 KHONG CO

1000

005 Qun m Trn bn c kch thc NxN (1N200). Trn bn c c M qun hu (0MN), mi qun hu c th kim sot cc trn cng hng, cng ct v cng ng cho vi n. Khng c hai qun hu nm cng mt . Trn cc cn li ca bn c, ti (x,y) c mt qun m c mc nng lng bng 0, n c th nhy n 1 trong 8 xung quanh n theo lut c vua. Nu n nhy n 1 c qun hu kim sot th mc nng lng ca n tng ln mt n v. Yu cu: Tm ng i ca qun m t (x,y) n (p,q) sao cho s bc di chuyn l t nht. Nu c nhiu ng c cng s bc di chuyn th chn ng i sao cho sau khi n (p,q) qun m c mc nng lng cao nht. D liu vo: Tp vn bn KNIGHT.INP + Dng u cha 6 s nguyn N, M, X, Y, P, Q + M dng tip theo mi dng cha hai s nguyn ln lt l ta hng v ct ca cc qun hu + Cc s trn mt dng cch nhau t nht 1 khong trng D liu ra: Tp vn bn KNIGHT.OUT + Mt s dng u l cc bc i ca qun m + Dng tip theo l s bc di chuyn ca qun m + Dng cui cng cha mt s nguyn l mc nng lng ca qun m khi n (p,q) + Nu khng c ng i th ghi -1 V d: KNIGHT.INP 523344 22 15 KNIGHT.OUT 33 52 44 2 2

006 xu vn bn Vit chng trnh ghi vo file vn bn tt c cc dy s sp xp theo th t t in c to thnh t cc s 1, 2, 3. Cc dy s cng c sp xp theo th t t in v khng c 2 s lin tip no ging nhau.

D liu vo: T file vn bn XVB.INP ch cha 1 s nguyn dng n duy nht (n>0) D liu ra: c ghi vo file vn bn XVB.OUT mi dy c ghi trn mt dng, dng cui cng ghi 1 s nguyn cho bit c bao nhiu dy s V d: vi n=2 , ni dung ca file XVB.OUT nh sau: XVB.INT 2 1 12 13 2 21 23 3 31 32 XVB.OUT

007 Cung in (Olympic 2011) mt vng quc n c 1 v vua v ng c N qu phi. Trn ming t hnh vung c kch thc NxN, nh vua mun xy dng cho mi qu phi, mi ngi mt cung in (gi s mi cung in u nm trn mt mnh t kch thc 1x1). Vn l cc qu phi ny c tnh ghen ght nhau nn nh vua khng mun cc cung in nhn thy nhau t cc hng (ngang, dc, cho). Chi ph xy dng cc cung in trn mi t c th c gi thnh khc nhau. Nh vua mun xy dng N cung in vi tng chi ph thp nht. Yu vu: Bn hy gip nh vua thc hin cng vic D liu vo: T file vn bn CUNGDIEN.INP gm N+1 dng - Dng u cha s N (1N16) - N dng sau, mi dng cha N s l chi ph xy dng ti t tng ng (Chi ph xy dng cung in trong mt c gi tr nguyn t 1 n 100). Mi s cch nhau t nht mt khong trng D liu ra: Ghi ra file vn bn CUNGDIEN.OUT gm mt s duy nht cho bit tng ch ph thp nht cho vic xy dng. Gi s d liu lun c li gii V d: CUNGDIEN.INP CUNGDIEN.OUT 4 15 3 4 12 3 6 1 7 1 2 4 1 5 12 3 8 7 *Gii thch: Cc c chn l (1,2), (2,4), (3,1), (4,3) 008 X s in ton C N ngi (nh s t 1 n N) tham gia mt t x s in ton. Mi ngi nhn c mt th gm M (nh s t 1 nM). Ngi chi c chn K trong s cc cho bng cch nh du cc c chn. Sau cc th ny c a vo my tnh x l. My tnh chn ra K ngu nhin (gi l cc kt qu) v chm im tng th da vo kt qu sinh. C mi chn ng vi kt qu th th chi c tnh 1 im. Gi thit bit cc chn cng nh cc im tng ng ca tng th chi, hy xc nh tt c cc kt qu c th c m my sinh ra. D liu vo c t file vnbn XOSO.INP gm: - Dng u ghi ccs N, M, K

- Dng th i trongN dng tip ghi th chi ca ngi i gm K+1 s: K s u l cc s hiu ca cc chn, cui cng l im tng ng. Ghi kt qu ra file vn bn XOSO.OUT, mi dng l mt kt qu gm K s ghi s hiu cc m my sinh. Ghi ch: - Cc s trn cng mtdng trong cc file vo/ ra, c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du trng. - Gii hn kch thc:N 100, M 50, K 10. - D liu vo trong cc test l hp l v m bo c t nht mt p n. V d:

009 Vng trn s nguyn t Mt vng trn cha n vng trn nh (n chn). Cc vng trn nh c nh s t 1 n n theo chiu kim ng h. Cn in cc s t nhin t 1 n n vo cc vng trn nh sao cho tng ca 2 s trn 2 vng trn nh lin tip l s nguyn t. Vng trn 1 lun c ghi s 1. V d vi N=6 ta c 1 cch in nh hnh v sau: 1 6 4

5 2

D liu: Vo t tp tin RING.INP cha s nguyn dng chn n (2 < n < 20). Kt qu: Ghi vo tp tin vn bn RING.OUT, gm nhiu dng, mi dng l mt cch in, cc s trn mt dng cch nhau bng 1 k t trng V d: RING.INP RING.OUT RING.INP RING.OUT 6 143256 8 12385674 165234 12583476 14765832 16743852 010: Cc k t Tn chng trnh: LETTERS.PAS

Tr chi c m t nh sau: trn mt bng hnh ch nht chia R hng v C ct c cc k t ch hoa (A-Z) c vit trn mi ca bng. Trc khi bt u tr chi c mt hnh gc trn bn tri ca bng(hng 1, ct 1). Trong mi bc di chuyn, mt ngi chi c th di chuyn hnh n v tr cc lin k ( ln trn, xung di, sang tri, sang phi) vi rng buc rng hnh khng th di chuyn n v tr k tip nu ny cha k t xut hin m hnh di chuyn qua. Mc ch ca tr chi l chi c nhiu bc di chuyn nht c th c. Vit chng trnh xc nh s v tr ti a trong bng m hnh c th ving thm trong tr chi. D liu vo: Vo t tp tin vn bn LETTERS.INP - Dng th nht cha hai s nguyn R v C, c vit cch nhau bi mt du cch, (1 R, C 20 ) - R dng tip theo cha, mi dng cha 1 xu k t. Mi dng biu din mt hng ca bng. Kt qu ra: Ghi vo tp tin vn bn LETTERS.OUT mt s nguyn l gi tr ln nht cc v tr m hnh c th di chuyn trn bng. V d: LETTERS.INP LETTERS.OUT 24 3 CAAB ADCB 36 6 HFDFFB AJHGDH DGAGEH 011 Hon v ch ci Cho mt xu S ch gm cc ch ci in hoa, 1 <= di <= 9. Yu cu: 1: C bao nhiu cch hon v cc ch ci ca xu S 2: Lit k cc hon v theo th t t in D liu vo: Gm 1 dng duy nht cha xu S D liu ra: + Dng 1: Ghi s lng hon v tm c (K) + K dng tip theo, mi dng ghi mt xu hon v ca xu S theo ng th t t in V d: QBHV.INP QBHV.OUT ABAB 6 AABB ABAB ABBA BAAB BABA BBAA 012. Nhng ngi nha 1 VOJ: http://vn.spoj.pl/problems/HOUSES/ Mt cng ty u t xy dng mt khu nh gm L cn nh nm cnh nhau trn mt con ng. C N ngi mun mua nh khu nh ny, bit rng ngi th i mun mua a i cn nh v mi ngi u mun mua nhng cn nh nm cnh nhau. Do s cn nh cn mua c th nh hn tng s cn nh (L) nn s c mt s cn nh cha c bn. m bo m quan ca khu nh, cng ty s lun

lun bn cn nh u tin (theo th t t tri sang phi) va lai nhng cn nha cha ban nm canh nhau (khac trn voj) Bit yu cu ca nhng ngi mua, mt cch bn nhng cn nh ca cng ty c th c biu din bng 1 dy gm L s. Trong s th i bng 0 nu cn nh th i cha c bn v bng k nu cn nh th i c bn cho ngi th k. V d: khi L=4, N=2, a1 = 2, a2=1, dy 2 0 1 1 th hin mt cch bn nhng cn nh ca cng ty: cn nh u tin bn cho ngi th 2, cn nh th 3 v th 4 bn cho ngi u tin v cn nh th 2 c li Yu cu: Hy gip cng ty lit k cc cch bn nhng cn nh. Cc cch bn cn nh c lit k theo th t t in ca dy s biu din. Nu s cch bn cn nh ln hn 1000, ch cn lit k 1000 cch u tin. (Bit rng dy a c th t t in ng trc dy b nu v ch nu tn ti ch s j, sao cho ai = bi vi mi i < j v aj < bj). D liu vao: t tp HOUSES1.INP + Dng u tin: cha 2 s nguyn L, N. + Dng th 2 cha N s nguyn, tng ng l cc gi tr a1, a2, , an. Hn ch: + 1 L 100. + 1 N 20. + a1 + a2 + ... + aN L. D liu ra: ghi vao tp HOUES1.OUT Gm nhiu dng, mi dng tng ng vi dy s biu din mt cch bn nhng cn nh ca cng ty, 2 s lin tip ca dy s c cch nhau bi mt khong trng. Cc dy s c lit k theo th t t in. V d HOUSES1.INP HOUSES1.OUT 42 1102 21 1120 2011 2110 013. GII M S Cc ch s t 1 n 9 c m ho di dng cc t ch cha cc k t a. b v c theo quy tc sau: V d s 132 s c vit thnh accb. Ch s M 1 a 2 b 3 cc 4 bbc 5 cbc 6 abc 7 bac 8 aac 9 cac

Yu cu: t xu k t cho trc, hy tm s nguyn dng tng ng. D liu: Vo t file vn bn DECODE.INP xu cha khng qu 100 k t a,b, c. Kt qu: a ra file vn bn DECODE.OUT s tng ng hoc -1 nu xu khng tng ng vi mt s nguyn no. V d: DECODE.INP DECODE.OUT

abcac abccc 014. Phn tich

129 63

Cho mt s nguyn dng N (N30) Hay phn tich N thanh tng cua cac s nguyn dng. Cac cach phn tich la hoan vi cua nhau chi tinh la mt cach D liu vao: t tp vn ban TONG.INP gm duy nht mt s N D liu ra: ghi vao tp vn ban TONG.OUT gm nhiu dong mi dong la mt cach phn tich s N, cach dong c sp xp theo chiu tng dn. Cac s trn mt dong c cach nhau 1 ky t trng Vi du: TONG.INP 6 TONG.OUT 111111 11112 1113 1122 114 123 15 222 24 33 6

015. L phi Nhn dip nm mi, vua Per t chc mt ba tic moi ngi co th ca hat, vui chi vi nhau va c thng thc nhng mon n ngon ni ting ma trc y chi danh cho nhng ngi thn cua nha vua. ba tic thm phn vui ve, nha vua cho phep tt ca moi ngi n tham d, tuy nhin ho phai ong mt khoan l phi khi n tham d. La mt ngi yu thich c vua nn nha vua a cho qun lich chun bi mt ban c vua kich thc NxN, trn mi cua ban c c t mt ng tin vang (gia tri cua chung co th khac nhau). Mun c tham gia ba tic, mi ngi tham d phai n t N qun hu ln N khac nhau trn ban c vua sao cho chung khng c n nhau (theo lut c vua). Tng s gia tri tin vang cac c t qun hu la s tin ma ngi o phai tra. Sau mt nm lam vic vt va, Pam tit kim c K ng tin vang va d inh danh ht s tin nay tham d ba tic. Hay cho bit s tin Pam co u ong tin l phi tham gia ba tic hay khng, nu co thi cho bit s tin it nht ma Pam cn dung. D liu vao: t tp vn ban LEPHI.INP + Dong u tin ghi s nguyn dng N, K (N16; 0<K1000) + Cac dong tip theo tao thanh mt bang s nguyn trong o s dong i ct j cho bit gia tri ng tin vang (i,j) tng ng trn ban c vua, mi s khng vt qua 1000. Cac s trn 1 dong cach nhau it nht mt ky t trng D liu ra: ghi vao tp vn ban LEPHI.OUT

+ Dong u ghi YES hoc NO tng ng vi vic Pam co u tin ong l phi hay khng + Nu dong u ghi YES thi dong th 2 ghi s tin it nht ma Pam cn dung ong l phi Vi du: LEPHI.INP 4 25 9 1 10 19 7 18 20 3 7921 8 5 10 10 016. Th gii nm 1000003 Ngun bi: http://vn.spoj.com/problems/VMKEY/ Nu l mt ngi a pht minh, chc hn bn s cm thy th gii nm 1000003 v cng nhm chn. Lc ny, tt c mi pht minh m con ngi tng m c ti u tr thnh hin thc. t bay, nh bay, thnh ph bay... xut hin nhiu nhan nhn. Tt c mi ngi sng trong nhng ngi nh thng minh c iu khin bi ging ni, nh mt hoc suy ngh, vi s h tr ca cc h thng my tnh hin i nht. Con ngi c th di chuyn tc thi gia khng gian (gia cc hnh tinh cch nhau hng nghn nm nh sng) v thi gian - iu ny gp phn khin cho dn s th gii tng vi tc chng mt, vt qua con s 10001000 vo nm 1000003. Lc ny, nhng chic SmartPhone tr nn li thi, do chng khng chu c p lc qu ln khi i qua cng dch chuyn tc thi hoc khi i vo cc c my thi gian. Tt c mi ngi u dng in thoi Nokia. Do dn s th gii tng vt mc 10001000, nhng dy s in thoi cng di ti hng trm nghn ch s. iu ny khin cho vic bm phm s in thoi tr nn c mng. Trc tnh trng ny, hng in thoi Nokia a ra tnh nng mi, cho php bn c th thay i v tr cc phm s trn bn phm, bn c th bm s in thoi mt cch nhanh nht c th. Thi gian bn bm s in thoi bng tng thi gian di chuyn ca ngn tay bn gia cc phm s lin tip trong dy s. Thi gian ny ng bng khong cch Manhattan gia 2 phm s: Nu phm s A dng i, ct j, v phm s B dng u, ct v, th khong cch Manhattan gia 2 phm s c tnh theo cng thc: dist(A, B) = |i - u| + |j - v| Chng hn, bn mun gi s 357468, nu s dng bn phm c in: 1 4 7 0 bn s mt tng thi gian l; dist(3, 5) + dist(5, 7) + dist(7, 4) + dist(4, 6) + dist(6, 8) = ( |1 - 2| + |3 - 2| ) + ( |2 - 3| + |2 - 1| ) + ( |3 - 2| + |1 - 1| ) + ( |2 - 2| + |1 - 3| ) + ( |2 - 3| + |3 - 2|) =2+2+1+2+2 =9 Nhng nu bn thay i v tr cc phm s nh hnh di: 2 5 8 3 6 9 LEPHI.OUT YES 21

3 8 1 0

5 6 2

7 4 9

th bn ch mt tng thi gian l: dist(3, 5) + dist(5, 7) + dist(7, 4) + dist(4, 6) + dist(6, 8) =1+1+1+1+1=5 Ch : Bn ch c php i ch cc phm s, ngha l sau khi bn thay i cc phm s, mi phm phi tng ng vi duy nht 1 s, v mi s phi tng ng vi duy nht 1 phm. Cc phm phi nm ng 10 v tr cha cc s 0-9 trong bn phm c in. Cc phm trn in thai c nh s hng t trn xung di, nh s ct t tri sang phi (xem v d). D liu vo: t tp vn bn VMKEY.INP Gm 1 dng duy nht cha dy s in thoi D liu ra: ghi vo tp vn bn VMKEY.OUT Gm 1 dng duy nht ghi thi gian nh nht bn bm dy s in thoi, sau khi thay i v tr cc phm s mt cch hp l