BI TP T CHY AN COL

1. Khi thc hin phn ng tch nc i vi ru (ancol) X, ch thu c mt anken duy nht.
Oxi ho hon ton mt lng cht X thu c 5,6 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 5,4 gam nc. C bao
nhiu cng thc cu to ph hp vi X?
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 2.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh C khi A- nm 2007)
Hng dn
V loi nc thu c anken nn X l ancol no, n chc
t CTPT ca X l CnH2n+2O
t chy 1 mol X thu c n mol CO2 v (n+1) mol H2O
Theo : S mol CO2 l 5,6 : 22,4 = 0,25 mol
S mol H2O l 5,4 : 18 = 0,3 mol
Ta c n = 5
Vy CTPT l C5H12O
X c 4 CTCT ph hp l CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2OH
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2OH
CH3-CH2-CHOH-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2OH
p n B
2. X l mt ancol no, mch h. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol X cn 5,6 gam oxi, thu c
hi nc v 6,6 gam CO2. Cng thc ca X l
A. C2H4(OH)2
B. C3H6(OH)2
C. C3H5(OH)3
D. C3H7OH
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H 2007, khi B)
p n C
Hng dn
5, 6
6, 6
nO2 =
= 0,175 mol; nCO2 =
= 1,5 mol
32
44
3n + 1 x
O2 nCO2 + (n + 1) H 2O
Phn ng chy: Cn H 2 n + 2Ox +
2
0,05 mol
0,175 mol
1,5 mol
n = 3;
3n + 1 x
= 3,5 x= 3.

2
n = 2. m = 0,02. 46 = 0,92 gam.
3. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp ancol A v B thuc loi ancol no, n chc, k
tip nhau trong cng dy ng ng thu c 5,6 lt CO2 (ktc) v 6,3 gam nc. Mt
khc oxi ha hon ton hai ancol A v B bng CuO (t0) th thu c mt anehit v mt
xeton. A, B ln lt l:
A. CH3OH v C2H5OH
B. CH3CH2CH2OH v CH3CH2CHOHCH3
C. C2H5OH v CH3CH2CH2OH
D. CH3CHOHCH3 v CH3CH2OH
p n D
Li gii
Gi n l s nguyn t C trung bnh trong 2 ancol
3n
C n H 2 n +1OH
+
O2
n CO2 + ( n +1) H2O
2
5, 6
6,3
Ta c: S mol CO2:
= 0,25 mol ; s mol H2O:
= 0,35 mol
22, 4
18
Theo phng trnh: n / ( n +1) = 0,25/0,35 n = 2,5
Do hai ancol l ng ng k tip nhau trong dy ancol no, n chc nn hai ancol c
CTPT l C2H5OH v C3H7OH
M oxi ha hon ton hai ancol A v B bng CuO (t0) th thu c mt anehit v mt
xeton nn A, B c CTCT l CH3CH2OH v CH3CHOHCH3 (chn D)
1

4. t chy hon ton 3,075g hn hp 2 ancol no, n chc v cho sn phm ln lt i

qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c v bnh 2 ng KOH rn. Tnh khi lng cc bnh tng
ln bit rng nu cho lng ru trn tc dng vi Na d thy bay ra 0,672 lt H2 ktc.
A. Bnh 1 tng 3,645g, bnh 2 tng 6,27g
B. Bnh 1 tng 6,27g, bnh 2
tng 3,645g
C. Bnh 1 tng 3,645g, bnh 2 tng 5,27g
D. Bnh 1 tng 3,645g, bnh
2 tng 7,27g
p n A
Li gii
t CTPT chung ca 2 ru l C n H 2 n +1OH
3n
Ta c
C n H 2 n +1OH
+
O2
n CO2 + ( n +1) H2O
(1)
2
2 C n H 2 n +1OH
+ 2 Na
2 C n H 2 n +1ONa + H2
(2)
0, 672
Theo (2) S mol hn hp ru = 2 n H2 = 2.
= 0,06 mol
22, 4
3, 075
51, 25 18
= 2,375
M = 0, 06 = 51,25 = 14 n + 18; n =
14
Theo (1): Bnh 1 tng: 0,06 (2,375 +1). 18 = 3,645g
Bnh 2 tng: 0,06. 2,375. 44 = 6,27g
5. t chy 1 mol ancol no X mch h cn 56 lt O2 (ktc). Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. C3H5(OH)3
B. C2H4(OH)2
C. C3H6(OH)2 D. C2H5OH
p n B
56
nO2 =
= 2,5 mol;
22.4
3n + 1 x
O2 nCO2 + (n + 1) H 2O
Phn ng chy: Cn H 2 n + 2Ox +
2
1 mol
2, 5 mol
3n + 1 x
= 2.5 3n-x= 4 n=2; x= 2.

2
6. ot chay hoan toan m g ancol no n chc mach h thu V lit CO2 (kc) va a
g H2O. moi lien he gia m, v, a la
v
v
v
v
A. m = a
B. m = 2a
C. m = 2a
D. m = a +
5,6
11,2
22,4
22,4
Giai
Ta co
nh luat BTKL suy ra

chon A
7. ot chay het m(g) hon hp A gom 0,1mol etilen glycol va 0,2mol chat hu
c X can 21,28lit O2 (ktc) thu c 35,2(g) CO2 va 19,8(g) H2O. X co ten goi la
A. ancol etylic
B. propaniol-1,2
C. glixerol
D.
propaniol-1,3
Giai
Khi ot hon hp

ot Etilenglycol C2H6O2
2

2CO2 +

3H2O

0,1 mol

0,25

0,2

xCO2 +

H2O
0,7

0,3

Khi ot X :
Cach 1 :
CxHyOz

O2
0,2

0,6

0,8
Ta co
Cach 2 :

chon ap an C

Nhan xet : ca 4 ap an eu la ancol no va do

nen CTPT C3H8O3
chon C
8. Cho hn hp X gm 6.4 gam ancol metylic vo b mol hn hp hai loi ancol no n chc ng ng k tip
nhau.Chia X thnh hai phn bng nhau.
Phn 1:Cho tc dng ht vi Na thu c 4.48 lt kh H2.
Phn 2:t chy hon ton ri cho sn phm chy ln lt qua hai bnh kn:Bnh 1 ng P2O5,bnh 2 ng
dung dch Ba(OH)2 d.Phn ng kt thc,nhn thy bnh 1 nng thm a gam,bnh 2 nng thm (a+22,7) gam.
Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hai ancol.
A. CH3OH v C2H5OH B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH C. C3H7OH v C4H9OH
D. C4H9OH v C5H11OH
Hng dn:
nH2 = 0,2mol => s mol hn hp X = 0,4mol
=> b = 0,3mol
Ta c: nH2O nCO2 = 0,4 => a/18 - (a + 22,7)/44 = 0,4 => a = 27,9
=> nH2O = 1,55 ; nCO2 = 1,15
=> C trung bnh = (1,15 0,1)/0,3 = 3,5 => C3H7OH v C4H9OH
9. t chy hon ton hh X gm 2 ancol u no , a chc mch h , c cng nhm -OH . Cn va V(lt) O2
thu c 11.2 lt CO2 v 12.6g H20 (cc V o KTC) tm V ?
A. 12,2 lt
B. 16,56 lt
C. 2,24 lt
D. 14,56 lt
Hng Dn:
Ta c: nCO2 = 0,5 mol ; nH2O = 0,7 mol
--> n(hh) = 0,2 mol --> n(tb) = 2,5
--> C C2H4(OH)2 --> 2 cht c 2 nhm OH
--> nO(trong hh) = 0,4 mol --> nO2 = 0,65 mol
==> V = 14,56 lt
10. t chay hoan toan 0,4 mol hn hp X gm ancol metylic , ancol etylic va ancol isopropylic ri hp thu
toan b san phm chay vao nc vi trong d c 80gam kt tua . Th tich oxi (ktc) ti thiu cn dung ?
A. 26,88 lt
B. 25,62 lt
C. 36,6 lt
D. 18,84 lt
Hng dn:
nCO2 = nkt ta = 0.8 mol
Gi cng thc chung ca X l CnH2n+2O => n = nCO2 : nX = 0.8 : 0.4 = 2
=> X chung l C2H6O
C2H6O + 3O2 => 2CO2 + 3H2O
=> nO2 = 0.4 x 3 = 1,2 mol =>V =26.88
11. t chy hon ton mt ancol X thu c CO2 v H2O c t l s mol tng ng l 3 : 4. Th tch kh oxi
cn dng t chy X bng 1,5 ln th tch kh CO2 thu c ( cng iu kin). Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C3H8O3.
B. C3H4O.
C. C3H8O2.
D. C3H8O.
Hng dn:
nCO2/nH2O = 3/4 => nC/nH = 3/8 => C3H8On
Gi s nC3H8On = 1 mol
=> nCO2 = 3 mol => nO(CO2) = 6 mol
3

nH2O = 4 mol => nO(H2O) = 4 mol

=> nO2(p) = (6 + 4 - n)/2 = 1,5*nCO2 = 1,5*3
=> (10 - n)/2 = 4,5
=> n = 1
=> C3H8O => D
12. t chy hon ton 0,1mol 1 ancol no, n chc X cn V lt O2 (kc) thu c 6,72 lt kh CO2 (kc) v m
gam nc. Cng thc phn t ca X, gi tr m v gi tr V ln lt l.
A. C3H8O, 7,2g, 10,08 (l)
B. C4H10O, 7,2g, 11,2 (l) C. C4H10O, 9,2g, 10,08 (l) D. C3H8O, 7,2g, 11,2 (l)
Hng dn:
ancol no n chc X CnH2n+2O
0,1 mol X---->0,3 mol CO2
=> n=3 => C3H8O
nH2O=nCO2 + nancol = 0,4 mol
=> m = 7,2g
bo ton nguyn t O
=>nO2=nCO2+0,5nH2O - 0,5nO(trong ancol)=0,45 (mol)
V=10,08L
13. t chy hon ton hh M gm 2 ancol X v Y l ng ng k tip nhau thu c 0.3 mol CO2 v 0.425 mol
H2O. mt khc cho 0.25 mol hhM tc dng vi Na d thu c cha n 0.15mol H2. cng thc ca 2 ancol l
A.C2H6O2 v C3H8O2
B.C2H6O & CH40C. C3H6O &C4H8O
C.C2H6O & C3H8O
Hng dn:
PTHH:

...........
......V

m 2 ancol l ng

ng k tip ==> c 2 ancol u no mch h..................

............
==>C2H6O & C3H8O
14. 1. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm 3 ancol (n chc thuc cng dy ng ng) thu c 8,96 lt
CO2 v 11,7 gam H2O. Mt khc nu un nng m gam hn hp X vs H2SO4 c th tng khi lng ete ti a
thu c l bao nhiu?
A. 1 2,6g
B. 9,54g
C. 7,85g
D. 6,95g
Hng dn:
Ta c : nCO2 = 0.4 mol , n H20= 0.65 mol
=> s mol ancol = 0.25 mol => Cacbon trung bnh = 1.6 => CTPT trung bnh ru l C1.6H4.2OH => khi
lng ete l : 7,85 gam
15. t chy hon ton a gam hn hp 2 ancol thuc dy ng ng ancol etylic thu c 70,4g CO2 v 39,6g
H2O. em a gam hn hp 2 ancol trn t/d vs 15g Na. Sau PU hon ton c cn dd thu c m gam cht rn. Tnh
m?
16. X l mt ancol no mch h. t chy hon ton 0.05mol X cn 5.6 g oxi, thu c hi nc v 6.6 g CO2.
Cng thc ca X l:
A.C2H4(0H)2
B.C3H70H
C.C3H5(0H)3
D.C3H6(0H)2
Hng dn;
17. t chy hon 1 ru ancol a chc, mch h X, thu c H20 v C02 theo t l mol l 3:2. Cng thc ca
X l
A.C3H8O2
B.C4H10O2
C.C2H6O
D.C2H6O2
18. 4.Ancol no n chc X c % khoia lng C trong phn t l 52,174%. t chy hon ton mg hn hp X v
Y l ng ng ca X thu c 8,96 lt CO2 (KTC) v 12,6g H2O khi lng t chy v cng thc ca Y
l:
A.4,9 g; CH3OH
B.9.4 g ;CH4O
C.7,4; C2H6
D.6g; C3H8O

19. (DH-10-A): t chy hon ton m gam hn hp 3 ancol n chc, thuc cng dy ng ng, thu c
3,808 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 5,4 gam H2O. Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,42.
B. 5,72.
C. 4,72.
D. 7,42.
Cu 29(DH-10-B): t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp X gm 2 ancol (u no, a chc, mch h, c
cng s nhm -OH) cn va V lt kh O 2, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO 2 v 12,6 gam H2O (cc th tch kh o
ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 11,20.
B. 4,48.
C. 14,56.
D. 15,68.
Cu 30(DH-09-A): Cho hn hp X gm hai ancol a chc, mch h, thuc cng dy ng ng. t chy
hon ton hn hp X, thu c CO2 v H2O c t l mol tng ng l 3 : 4. Hai ancol l
A. C3H5(OH)3 v C4H7(OH)3.
B. C2H5OH v C4H9OH.
C. C2H4(OH)2 v C4H8(OH)2.
D. C2H4(OH)2 v C3H6(OH)2.
Cu 31. Hn hp X gm 2 ancol c cng s nhm OH. Chia X thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho tc dng
vi Na d thu c 2,24 lt H2(ktc). t chy hon phn 2 thu c 11 gam CO2 v 6,3 gam H2O. Bit s
nguyn t cacbon trong mi ancol 3. CTPT ca 2 ancol l:
A. C2H5OH v C3H7OH
B. C2H4(OH)2 v C3H6(OH)2
C. C3H7OH v CH3OH
D. CH3OH v C2H5OH
Cu 32 (CD-08-A): t chy hon ton mt ru (ancol) a chc, mch h X, thu c H 2O v CO2 vi t l
s mol tng ng l 3:2. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C2H6O2.
B. C2H6O.
C. C3H8O2.
D. C4H10O2.
Cu 33. t chy hon ton a mol hn hp X gm 2 ru A v B. Sn phm chy cho hp
th ht vo bnh ng nc vi trong d thy c 30 gam kt ta xut hin v khi lng
dung dch gim 9,6 gam. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,2 mol
B. 0,15 mol
C. 0,1 mol
D. Khng xc nh
Cu 34. Ancol n chc A chay cho mCO2 : mH2O = 11:9. t chay hoan toan 1 mol A ri hp thu toan b
san phm chay vao 600ml dung dich Ba(OH)2 1M thi lng kt tua la:
A. 11,48g
B. 59,1g
C. 39,4g
D. 19,7g.
Cu 35. Chia a gam ancol etylic thnh 2 phn bng nhau. em nung nng phn 1 vi H 2SO4 c 1700C thu
c kh etilen. t chy hon ton lng etilen ny thu c 3,6 gam nc. t chy hon ton phn 2 ri
cho ton b sn phm chy vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,2M, sinh ra m gam
kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 19,70.
B. 17,73.
C. 9,85.
D. 11,82.
Cu 36 (DH-09-A): t chy hon ton 0,2 mol mt ancol X no, mch h cn va 17,92 lt kh O 2 (
ktc). Mt khc, nu cho 0,1 mol X tc dng va vi m gam Cu(OH) 2 th to thnh dung dch c mu xanh
lam. Gi tr ca m v tn gi ca X tng ng l
A. 9,8 v propan-1,2-iol. B. 4,9 v propan-1,2-iol.
C. 4,9 v propan-1,3-iol.
D. 4,9 v glixerol.
Cu 37: t chay ancol ch cha mt loi nhm chc A bng O2 va u nhn thy nCO2 : nO2 : nH2O = 6:7:8.
A co c im:
A. Tac dung vi Na d cho nH2 = 1,5nA.
B. Tac dung vi CuO un nong cho ra hp cht a chc.
C. Tach nc tao thanh mt anken duy nht.
D. Khng co kha nng hoa tan Cu(OH)2.
Cu 38 (CD-08-A): t chy hon ton hn hp M gm hai ru (ancol) X v Y l ng ng k tip ca
nhau, thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,425 mol H2O. Mt khc, cho 0,25 mol hn hp M tc dng vi Na (d), thu
c cha n 0,15 mol H2. Cng thc phn t ca X, Y l:
A. C2H6O2, C3H8O2.
B. C2H6O, CH4O.
C. C3H6O, C4H8O.
D. C2H6O, C3H8O.
Cu 39 (DH-07-B): X l mt ancol (ru) no, mch h. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol X cn 5,6 gam oxi, thu
c hi nc v 6,6 gam CO2. Cng thc ca X l (cho C = 12, O = 16)
A. C3H7OH.
B. C3H6(OH)2.
C. C3H5(OH)3.
D. C2H4(OH)2.
5

Cu 40 (CD-07-A): t chy hon ton mt ru (ancol) X thu c CO 2 v H2O c t l s mol tng ng l

3 : 4. Th tch kh oxi cn dng t chy X bng 1,5 ln th tch kh CO 2 thu c ( cng iu kin). Cng
thc phn t ca X l
A. C3H8O3.
B. C3H4O.
C. C3H8O2.
D. C3H8O.
Cu 41(DH-09-A): Khi t chy hon ton m gam hn hp hai ancol no, n chc, mch h thu c V lt
kh CO2 ( ktc) v a gam H2O. Biu thc lin h gia m, a v V l:
V
V
V
V
A. m = 2a B. m = 2a C. m = a +
D. m = a 22,4
11,2.
5,6
5,6
Cu 42: t chay hoan toan a gam ancol X ri hp thu toan b san phm chay vao binh nc vi trong d
a +b

thy khi lng binh tng b gam va co c gam kt tua. Bit b = 0,71c va c = 1,02 . X co cu tao thu gon la:
A. C2H5OH
B. C2H4(OH)2
C. C3H5(OH)3
D. C3H6(OH)2
Cu 43 (DH-10-A): Tch nc hn hp gm ancol etylic v ancol Y ch to ra 2 anken. t chy cng s mol
mi ancol th lng nc sinh ra t ancol ny bng 5/3 ln lng nc sinh ra t ancol kia. Ancol Y l
A. CH3-CH2-CH(OH)-CH3. B. CH3-CH2-CH2-OH. C. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH. D. CH3-CH(OH)-CH3.
Cu 44.Thc hin phn ng tch nc vi ancol n chc A iu kin thch hp .Sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton c cht hu c B. dB/A =1,7. CTPT A l
A. C2H5OH
B. C3H7OH
C. C4H9OH
D.C5H11OH
Cu 45. un nng mt hn hp gm 2 ancol no n chc vi H 2SO4 1400C thu c 21,6 g nc v 72,0 g
hn hp ba ete c s mol bng nhau. Cng thc phn t 2 ancol,s mol mi ancol,mi ete l
A.CH3OH v C2H5OH; 0,4 mol ; 1,2 mol
B. CH3OH v C2H5OH; 1,2mol ; 0,4mol
C. C2H5OH v C3H7OH; 0,4 mol ; 1,2 mol
D. CH3OH v C2H5OH; 0,4 mol ; 0,4 mol
Cu 46 (DH-09-A): un nng hn hp hai ancol n chc, mch h vi H 2SO4 c, thu c hn hp gm
cc ete. Ly 7,2 gam mt trong cc ete em t chy hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh CO 2 ( ktc) v 7,2
gam H2O. Hai ancol l
A. C2H5OH v CH2=CH-CH2-OH.
B. C2H5OH v CH3OH.
C. CH3OH v C3H7OH.
D. CH3OH v CH2=CH-CH2-OH.
Cu 47 (DH-10-B): t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm ba ancol (n chc, thuc cng dy ng
ng), thu c 8,96 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 11,7 gam H2O. Mt khc, nu un nng m gam X vi H2SO4 c th
tng khi lng ete ti a thu c l
A. 5,60 gam.
B. 6,50 gam.
C. 7,85 gam.
D. 7,40 gam.
Cu 48. Khi un nng hn hp 3 ancol X,Y,Z (u c s nguyn t C >1)vi H 2SO4 c 1700C thu c 2
olefin l ng ng k tip nhau .Ly 2 trong 3 ancol tc dng vi H 2SO4 c 1400C thu c 2,64g ete.Lm
bay hi khi lng ete thu c trn cho th tch bng th tch ca 0,24g oxi cng iu kin .Cng thc
cu to ca 3 ancol l.
A.C2H5OH ;CH3CHOHCH3 ;CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
B. C2H5OH ;CH3CHOHCH3 ; CH3CH2CH2OH
C.C3H7OH ;CH3CH2CHOHCH3 ; CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
D.C b v c ng.
Cu 49. Chia a gam hn hp 2 ru no, n chc thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn mt
mang t chy hon ton thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc). Phn hai tch nc hon ton thu
c hn hp 2 anken. t chy hon ton 2 anken ny c m gam H2O, m c gi tr l
A. 5,4 g
B. 3,6 g
C. 1,8 g
D. 0,8 g