LESSON 1: HOW TO READ ENGLISH NEWSPAPER Keys to Lesson 1. Happy are those who know the pleasure of reading.

Great was their joy when they heard the announcement. Basic to the IOC decision was Seouls readiness in facilities. 2. You help (to) wash the dishes. Ill help repair the car. They worked very hard to help build a better society. It would help promote better relations with North Korea. 3. Having finished my homework, I have nothing particular to do. Having received no answer from him, I wrote again. Having already hosted two Olympics, they should be proud. 4. I was delighted to find the book I had given up for lost. He was surprised to hear of his brothers failure. They were shocked to learn Seoul was chosen to host the games. 5. The delegation attended the meeting, sure of their success. I moved back from the window, afraid of being seen. They returned full of enthusiasm for the facilities in Seoul. VOCABULARY WORDS Baden-baden International Olympic Committee (IOC) Ballot secret ballot -cast [take] a ballot

Rival -without a rival Nagoya Juan Antonio Samaranch Kurhaus Turnaround Melbourne -withdraw $ 100 from a bank withdraw ones statement withdrawal federation enthusiasm - show enthusiasm for - < enthusiastic facility (=ease) - sports facilities transportation facilities Canadian Calgary Spa Sole (=only) Absentee absentee vote Bloc without reservation Boycott Championship Montral Intervention - < intervene Afghanistan Promote - promote world peace - <promotion. Relation international relations - public relations Division the division of the property the division of labor - <divide. Peninsula the Korean Peninsula - < peninsular. Delegation - < delegate Assurance life assurance (=life insurance). < assure. Ensure Ex. Careful preparations ensure success. Entry -make a quiet entry into - < enter

Exit an emergency exit make ones exit. Shock shocked at Bombshell By a large margin Stable stable occupation -<stability. < stabilize Midnight as dark as midnight. Announcement make a public announcement of - < announce. Commentator in dismay dismayed at Select - < selection Disappointment to ones disappointment - < disappoint. Torch the torch of learning Region an industrial region tropical regions - < regional. Global (=world-wide) global place globe. Candidacy candidature - < candidate Eventual event.< eventually. Reunification - <reunify. Audacity have the audacity to - < audacious. Readiness in readiness - with readiness Demonstration - < demonstrate. Unify - < unification *FURTHER STUDIES* A. Pronunciation, Stress, and Intonation: l + m, k, p, f, d l m, k, p, f, d. Film, milk, silk, help, itself, over walk, overwhelm cold, hold

Last : until

leaf : feel

large : global

leader : appeal

-sen, -zen, -son Chosen, risen, citizen, dozen, reason, season Candidacy, celebrate, commentator Communist, journalism Audacity, committee, enthusiasm Diplomatic, disappointment, opportunity, representative. B. Word Power: -ship -, -or, -see, -ist Championship, sportsmanship, friendship, leadership scholarship, fellowship, citizenship, relationship Commentator, spectator, professor, governor, actor, Communist, columnist, journalist, Buddhist, artist Absentee, employee, examinee, interviewee, refugee * the host country the 1988 Olympic Games 1988 the Asian Games The Olympic symbol the opening ceremony the Olympic flame declare the games open Korea will be the host country of the 1988 Olympic Games. Seoul will also host the Asian Games in 1986. The Olympic symbol represents five continents. At the opening ceremony the athletes enter in alphabetical order. But the athletes of the host country enter last.

When the Olympic flame is lighted with a torch carried form Greece, the host countrys chief Of state declares the games open. C. Useful Expressions: by a margin by a large margin by a narrow margin1. Seoul was awarded the games by a large margin. Our team won the game by a narrow margin. The IOC selected Seoul by an overwhelming vote. > Our baseball team won the game by a large margin. be held, be stage, take place2. The 1988 winter Olympics will held in Calgary. The1988 summer Olympics will be staged in Seoul. The graduation ceremony will take place tomorrow morning. > Our club meeting was held last Saturday. in view of - close 3. The vote was expected to be much closer in view of the Soviet bloc reservation about staging the dames in. Seoul. In view of these facts, we had to give up the whole idea. In view of his poor health, we asked him to stay home. > In view of these facts, we decided to put off our plan. appeal to, appeal for (=charm, fascinate, attract)

4. Seouls candidacy appealed to the IOC officials on two points. This kind of film will not appeal to the public. This plan had great appeal for the Third World. > His songs appealed to young people. launch have the audacity to 5. They wouldnt have the audacity to launch an attack on us. The BBC launched the worlds first public television service. They launched a new business in the field of engineering. > They launched an attack on us on June 25, 1950. D. Grammar Review: - It-for-to It was great honor for Koreans to get the 1988 games. It was necessary for the mayor to make a comment. Is there any need for you to hurry? He called loudly for everyone to hear. -to show- the man. The man offered to show me the way. - to wait you- it I want you to wait five more minutes.

It is wiser to make no reply to angry words. LESSON 2: POLLUTION AND THE DEATH OF NATURE Keys to the Lesson: 1. Who is to blame for the traffic accident? The pilots are not to blame for the air crash. Industry is to blame for most of the pollution that exists. 2. Whatever orders he gives should be obeyed. He can make whatever repairs are needed. Whatever wastes were produced could be absorbed by nature. 3. We did it not because we wanted to but because we had to. I failed not because I was unlucky but because I was lazy. Robins die, not because we spray them directly but because poison travels through the food chain. 4. Warm clothes are a must in the mountains. Follow these dos and dont, I dont want any ifs or buts. We cannot live without air. Pure air is a must. 5. He thought of himself as one of the best painters. She always thought of her son as being very young. We thought of pollution as meaning simply smog.

VOCABULARY WORDS Pollution air pollution atmospheric pollution water (river) pollution Death death penalty death rate Nature the laws of nature Take care of Ex. We must take care of the earth. Generation alternation of generations generation gapPreserve Quality the quality of love Environment As long as Planet major planets minor planet (=the earth). Rebirth Inevitable an inevitable conclusion Reckless reckless driving Greed Achievement Heritage Face Destruction destroy. Pretend Community Poison poison gas - < poisonous. Taste [teist] Literally Breathe breathe ones last [breath] - < breath. Civilization - civilize. Smog [smag] - <smoke + fog = smog. Contamination

Endanger - <dangerous Pesticide Insecticide Detergent Spray Crop Robin Step by step (=gradually). Chain food chain Upset Balance balance weight Wildlife Ecology Be concerned about (=be anxious about) Environmental environmental pollution Introduce -< introduction. Chemical - < chemicals fine chemicals Biological - < biology Cumulative In the long run (=at last, in the end) Threat Rely on (upon) Survive - < survival. Survival of the fittest Sewage sewage disposal Tanker Collision -< collide. Foul [faul] Seabird Must English is a must

Come under Identify identify a dead body - <identification; identity Thick a thick fog a thick day. Veil [veil] the veil of mystery. Year by year Dweller Source source of pollution Visible visible stars -< opp. Invisible Industrial Plant a water power plant Chimney Dump Soot [sut] Fume Give out Mix [miks] get mixed with Endanger - < danger Watery watery eyes Runny a runny nose Oxygen Suffer from Extra extra large Last Choke Finally Foul [ faul] Damage Acid Wear away

As though (-as if) Eat away Pollutant Lawn keep off the lawn Rot All in all Ex. All in all the novel was success. Blame [bleim] Be blame for Pour Release Dust Wheel Manufacture manufactured goods Consumer an association of consumers consumer (s) goods - consumer strike Endless [endlis] Wear out Dispose of Throw away Billion billions billions of stars Can can opener Stack Harmony in harmony wit Waste [weist] - a box of the waste. Absorb Get rid of Reduce Polluter Take action Be u to cover over

*FURTHER STUDIES* A. Pronunciation, Stress, and Intonation: [ju:] [ju:] : community, cumulative, fame, human, pure, refuse [ju:] or [u:] : pollution, produce, enthusiasm, new due Heritage, oxygen, pesticide, literally, poisonous Ecology, detergent, identify, survive, contaminate Biological, altogether, manufacture, interventions B. Word Power: Smoke + fog = smog, lion + tiger = tiger Television + broadcast = telecast Moon + landscape = moonscape com-, con- - com - con Com-, con = together, with Community, committee, company, Communicate, compromise Congress, concert, conversation Connect, concentrate pollution

Seoul is under serious air pollution and water pollution. The Han River is heavily polluted with various pollutants. Should we breathe the polluted air and drink the polluted water? Noise pollution is another environmental pollution. Industrial polluters should take some action. And we must soft detergents instead of hard detergents. C. Useful Expressions: by accident (=accidentally, by chance, inadvertently). Opp. On purpose 1. A tanker may spill oil by accident during a collision. Excuse me. I did it by accident, not on purpose. If by chance you meet him, tell him what I told you. > I meet him by chance on my way home from school. get rid of 2. Can you get rid of pollution altogether? They tried to get rid of this foolish custom. How can I get rid of my bad pronunciation? > You must get rid of your bad habits. dispose of 3. Worn-out goods must be disposed of, but how and where? Can you dispose of these old newspapers for me? They had difficulty in disposing of so many used bottles.

> How are you going to dispose of these wastes? all in all 4. All in all, industry is responsible for the most of the pollution. He has his faults, but all in all, hes a valuable worker. All in all, we had a good time at the party. > All in all, his new novel was a success. be up to 5. The choice is up to all of us. Its up to you whether you (decide to) go to college or not. Its up to us (to choose) when to open the Seoul Olympics. > The decision is entirely up to you. D. Grammar Review: He graduated (was graduated) from this high school. My cap blew off (was blown off) by a strong wind. Ice formed (was formed) on the windowpane. Who is to blame for the accident? The driver is. How does this book sell? It sells very well. wear well (=last under use) This science book reads like a novel. This knife cuts well and this cloth wears well.

This paper doesnt tear easily. LESSON 3: CREATIVE JUSTICE Keys to the Lesson: 1. Thirsty or not, you cant drink this polluted water. Tired or not, youll have to finish this work by five. Willingly or not, he has to associate with tough criminals. 2. Bent on mastering English, Ive been studying very hard. Concerned about her sons safety, she couldnt sleep. Bent on revenge, many refuse any sort of compensation. 3. John found his dog chained to the wall. They want to see the guilty punished and society protected. They want the criminals locked up in the old- fashioned way. 4. The shows was far from (being) a failure; it was a great success. The newspaper accounts are far from 9being0 true. The idea of compensation is far from (being) new. 5. They were sentenced to pay for the crime. The professor was ordered to write a long essay. They were condemned to work in mental hospitals.

VOCABULARY WORDS Punishment inflict a punishment on an offender capital punishment corporal punishment divine punishment Jail -break jail in jail police jail Ancient ancient civilization. Criminal - a habitual criminal the criminal law Widespread widespread method Wrongdoer Innocent - <innocence/innocency. Sound [saund] (=healthy) a sound mind a sound mind in a sound body. Victim [viktim] Compensate compensate (a person) for (loss; service) Loss - the loss of health suffer great losses. Compensation -a compensation for removal unemployment compensation. Offense offense against good manners - < offend. Injury suffer injuries to the head an injury to my pride Babylon (Babylonia) Thief Double Have an effect on Nonviolent opp. Violent Offender the first offender an old (repeated offender) Through give a room though cleaning a through reform -through-going. Wrongdoing Trial put a man on trial Otherwise Ex. I cannot do otherwise Repay repay a debt Repay me the money repay the money to me Sort - (=kind) a new sort of game Alternative an alternative plan alternative courses alternative question

Forger (=counter-feiter) Shoplifter Traffic - heavy traffic traffic control traffic light- traffic sign What they call (=what one calls; what is called). Convict convicted prisoner convict a person of murder Condemn condemn a person to death condemn a person to be hanged. At ones own expense. Emergency emergency call -emergency door (exit) emergency staircase.. Equipment Dishonest opp. Honest Teenager Snatch Purse = the public purse Mental [mentl] mental disorder -mental hospital opp. Physical. Snowball snowball fightCancer cancer cancer of the stomach - < cancerous. Arrest under arrest. Protest [proutest] protest against increased taxation Civil [sivil] civil administration civil disobedience -civil law civil rights Disobedience Forge (=counterfeit) Drug a drug addict- the drug habit Fine [fain] Creativity Lawbreaking Contribution make contributions Retain Federal the federal Constitution the Federal Government. Guidelines

Prevent from-ing Ex. Business prevented him from going. Resistance - a line of resistance passive resistance Bent on (=determined). Ex. She is bent on going. Revenge (=vengeance), Lock lock up a prisoner in a cell Old- fashioned in the old-fashioned way Just Community community college community property Reform reform school social reform. *FURTHER STUDIES* A. Pronunciation, Stress, and Intonation: gh Though, rough, laugh, enough, cough Thorough, through, though, high, weigh a Ancient, angel, April, Asian Ancestor, anger, apple, aspect accent He was arrested in a protest demonstration. He protested that he was innocent.

A convict is a person convicted of crime. Injury, innocent, victim, criminal, compensate, otherwise Alternative, emergency, resistance, associate, offense, Disobedience, creativity, individual, compensation B. Word Power: make trouble -troublemaking troublemaker, Build ship shipbuilding shipbuilder Do wrong wrongdoing wrongdoer Break a law lawbreaking lawbreaker Lift a shop shoplifting shoplifter prosecutor -attorney witness defendant- plaintiff A murder case is now on trial at a district court. Three judges enter: a chief judge and two associate judges. The suspect was arrested and accused of murder. The court will judge the accused guilty or innocent. If convicted of murder, he can appeal to the court of appeal. The judges at the Supreme Court are called justices. C. Useful Expressions: do someone good (harm) / do someone much good (harm) 1. Prison doesnt do anyone any good.

Be careful; too much exercise will do you harm. Milk does you goof, but wine does you harm. > The medicine didnt do him any good. at ones (own) expense 2. He has to fix the teeth of the poor at his own expense. He went abroad at his own expense, not at public expense. He finished his work at the expense of his health. > My father made a trip around the world at his own expense. at the wheel be at the wheel 3. He injured another person while he was at the wheel. Dont speak to the man at the wheel; this is a must. He is at the wheel of the company. > My uncle was at the wheel all the way to Pusan. raise money for 4. He helped raise money for the Red Cross. They are selling Christmas seals to raise money for the sick. Lets help raise funds for the cure of cancer. > Lets raise money for the flood victims. compensate someone for 5. He must compensate him for the loss of working time. Nothing can compensate (us) for the loss of our their injuries at wok?

Does the company compensate them for the damage? > Who is going to compensate them for the damage? D. Grammar Review: It does seem reasonable to keep wrongdoers in jail. I do want to go, Mom. OK. But do be quiet! Do stop talking, boys. I do hope youll listen to me. very, quiet, right, just. The value of this form of justice is now being questioned by the very men who have to apply it: the judges. Thats the very question I wanted to ask. This is the very place we first met last fall. I hit upon a new idea at that very moment.

LESSON 4: A SATIRE ON GENETIC ENGINEERING Keys to the Lesson: 1. Will it rain tomorrow? I hope not. Can you join us this afternoon? Im afraid not. Were not allowed to sell it to others. I should hope not. 2. If true, how glad I shall be. If known to the world, it will be eye-opening news.

If done right, the commercial possibilities are infinite. 3. Who made him so angry I have no idea. What you told me yesterday Ill keep in mind. Where the genetic research will lead no one knows. 4. Why, its quite! A child could do it. Im looking for my glasses; why, I was wearing them all day! Why, that looks exactly like Angie Dickinson! 5. A man stepped out from behind the tree. You may choose one from among the books on the table. A tall man in uniform came out from behind the screen. VOCABULARY WORDS

Satire Genetic genetic engineering Art Buchwald Controversy beyond controversy - < controversial Rage Have to do with - cf. have nothing to do with Geneticist cf. genetics Organism a microscopic organism Unlock unlock door Mess [mes] mess around with

Come up with (=produce) Worrisome Contemplate contemplate a problem Nervous be [fee] nervous about Infinite [infinit] infinite space opp. Finite Showroom Inc. incorporated co. company, ltd. Limited Jacket -a life jacket Gross [grous] (=total) Blonde [bland] Low-cut (=low-necked) Replica Turn out (=produce) Texture close texture skin texture Sears, roebuck Catalogue card catalogue Robert Redford Advertisement - < advertise. Cosmopolitan cosmopolitan -fashion Beret Screen Duplicate (=reproduce) duplicating paper Marine -marine products marine chart Marine Corps the Marines Breakthrough Invincible an invincible will invincible Armada Backfield League major league (American League National League) Royalty Nureyev

Ballet ballet dancer Dancer a good dancer Promotion the promotion of learning sales promotion -< promote Deceive - < deceit, deception. Lassie collie Lassie Come Home Lab -laboratory - a chemical lab [laboratory language lab [laboratory] Accidentally opp. Intentionally. < accidental, accident. Gene Jack the Ripper Donkey (donkeys) Catastrophe catastrophic. Reproduce - < reproduction. Idi Amin *FURTHER STUDIES* A. Pronunciation, Stress, and Intonation: ballet beret let jet [et] bullet sonnet [it] Ballet, beret /let, jet / bullet, sonnet Catastrophe, philosophy, geography / photograph Advertisement (Am) (Br) (Am) Laboratory (Am) (Br) Come up with, come out from behind, show us around

Come out with, turn out, has to do with I hope not, know nothing about, off the record. B. Word Power: Co. Company, Inc. Incorporation, ltd. limited Laboratory: lab advertisement: ad professional: pro The U.S. steel Co., Inc. / Alfred and Sons, ltd. un-, -some Lock: unlock pack, wrap, load, fold, cover, dress Worry: worrisome trouble, burden, quarrel, lonely We dont take orders for less than a gross. (12 dozen/144) I met him a couple of weeks ago. (two) A score of people attended the meeting, (twenty) Weve met several times. (three or more/some but not many) C. Useful Expressions: turn out -

1. We can now turn out 1,000 Lassies an hour. The factory is turning out consumer goods. The university has turned out many great scientists. > This factory can turn out 100 cars a day. show around 2. The salesman in a white jacket is showing us around. Ill show you around the office and the factory. He was kind enough to show me around the city. > The guide showed us around the old palace. off the record 3. Off the record? he asks. My lips are sealed, I say. The presidents comment was strictly off the record. He told us off the record that the company was doing badly. > He made a comment on it off the record. mess around with 4. Theyre messing around with something they know nothing about. Be accurate. Dont mess around with your work. He spent all weekend just messing around. > Dont mess around with your school work. take/receive orders for (=give/place an order for) 5. We dont take/receive orders for less than a gross.

The company gave/ placed an order for ten typewriters. Weve had back orders for six months. > The company placed an order for ten trucks. D. Grammar Review: for I bought the book for 3,000 won. I paid 3,000 won for the book. They sell a pack of cigarettes for 30 cents. You can get a good room at the hotel for 40 dollars a day. You must pay 40 dollars a day for that room. for anything for nothing for royalty Nobody wants to that job for anything. I helped him with his work for nothing. We are duplicating this model for royalty. LESSON 5: JOB INTERVIEWS: Keys to the Lesson: 1. To tell the truth l like her. To be honest, so do I. To sum up, hes honest. Yes, with us, to say the least. To begin with, it is not a good idea to be late.

2. Tell me whether or not we should invite the Browns. I dont know whether or not Ill be able to do a good job. They know whether or not they want to hire the person. 3. Im not always at home on Sundays. His writing is not altogether bad. He is not necessarily discouraged by your past failure. 4. Who does not know that the earth moves round the sun? How can I refuse such a good offer? What applicant is not nervous when being interviewed? 5. I want a secretary, preferably one who can speak English. We want an assistant, preferably a young man. He should wear a suit, preferably not brown, and a tie. VOCABULARY WORDS Apply for apply for a job apply for a raise cf. apply A to B Applicant an applicant for admission to a school at least -cf. at most seeker job seekers -< seek. Interviewer interview. Personnel a personal manager Take a place (=happen, be held). Ex. Changes have taken place. Negative- a negative answer opp. Affirmative Disastrous -a disastrous accident - < disaster

Essential Ex. Water is essential to life - < essence. Properly properly speaking. Alert on the alert Contact be in contact with Sincerity -<sincere Openness Circumstance - <circumstantial. Neat neat room Nightclub Entertainer - < entertain Sexy Aspiring -<spire Eccentric eccentric conduct - < eccentricity Fashionable - <fashion Jean blue jeans Noisy - < noise Bracelet Extravagant an extravagant price -< extravagance. Hairdo Preferably A number of _(=many, several). Chew chew ones food chew the problem. Gum (=chewing gum) Witty -be witty - < wit. Slang college slang slang words Qualification a doctors qualifications excellent qualifications for s pilot without qualification -<qualify. Employer opp. Employee - < employ. Modest a modest scientist modest demand -< modesty. Brag full of brag.

Honesty Ex. Honesty is the best policy - < honest. Discourage Ex. Dont be discouraged. opp. Encourage . < discouragement. Rsum Illegal opp. Legal Gesture - < gesticulate. Interview < interviewee interviewer Curious -< curiosity. * FURTHER STUDIES* A. Pronunciation, Stress and Intonation: [ks] : eccentric, accept, accident, accent, successful [k] : accuse, accurate, accustom, account, according Personal : personnel resume : resume glove : globe Advice : advice : lose : lose Job interview Magazine article B. Word Power: il-, ir-, im-, inIl-, ir-, im-, in- = not Illegal, irrelevant, impossible, impatient, inseparable ob seeker personnel manager nightclub entertainer college student

Modest : modesty honest : honesty safe : safety Sincere : sincerity necessary : necessity Proper : prosperity Employ : employer : employee Interview : interviewer : interviewee Apply : applicant seek : seeker advice : adviser. job interview personal interview telephone interview press interview Ask for an interview (with) give an interview with grant an interview Is it a job interview or a personal interview? He refused all telephone interviews on the subject. He said so off the record a press interview. The reporters asked for an interview with the President. So he gave an interview to/held an interview with the newsman. When will you grant me an interview? C. Useful Expressions: Show up (= appear, be present at) 1. A nightclub entertainer may show up in a sexy dress. Although we waited until 10 oclock, he never showed up. Wrinkles began to show up on my mothers face. > Two members didnt show up at the meeting. take the trouble (=take pains, make efforts)

2. The applicants have taken the trouble to locate the office. Thank you for all the trouble youve taken to help me. Please dont take the trouble to see me off. > We must thank her for taking all that trouble. make sure + that, to (=ascertain). 3. The applicant should make sure that he can locate the office. I made sure that the doors were all locked safe. Make sure to turnoff the radio before you go out. > Make sure that you have enough gas in your car. think highly of (opp. Think lightly of) 4. They dont think highly of those who fail to come on time. I dont think highly of him as a scholar Dont think lightly of his influence on modern art. > Critics think highly of his new novel. apply for 5. When you apply for a job, you are going to be interviewed. When applying for a job, you must be honest and courteous. Ten people applied for the position at the company. > How many people did apply for the position? D. Grammar Review: * do, offer, the very, bottom, by far, no, whatever

The books do offer some advice that deserves consideration. I found it at the very bottom of the box. It was cold yesterday, but its even colder today. He is by for the brightest student in our class. There is no doubt about it whatever. What on earth are they doing at this time of night? LESSON 6: THE MANY USES OF THE COMPANY Keys to the Lesson: 1. I rely upon him to take care of such affairs. You must not rely on me to help you whenever necessary. Many stores rely on computers to bill customers. 2. Do to others as you would have others do to you. Ill have every one of you understand what I mean> Companies have computers calculate their workers wages. 3. Of these two, the latter is better than the former. I like football and baseball but I prefer the latter. The latter processes the date by mathematical operations. 4. No matter what the price, we must buy a computer. No matter what your problem, be frank with me. No matter what their size, computers have certain basic parts. 5. They differ from one another. First, they differ in function.

The two models differ in price, in quality, and in materials. Computers differ greatly in size. VOCABULARY WORDS Computers Electronic -electronic calculator (computer) Device Calculation At high speeds On seconds in a second. Formula -formulas formulae Text Data Latin datum Deal with Ex. Deal with a question A variety of (=various of) wide variety of Rely on Bill;[bil] Keep track of opp. Lose track of Merchandise general merchandise In stock Ex. The book is not in stock opp. Out of stock Aid [eid] Space probes Computerize Operator Instruct Instruction In many case cf. in case of Interpret - < interpretation

Input input device Keyboard Enter Storage Unit storage unit. Control unit Sequence-in alphabetical sequence in chronological sequence. Arithmetic (=arithmetical) Arithmetic/logic unit Latter the latter cf. the former. By means Mathematical Output device Translate A into B. translate an English book into Korean. Automatic automatic typewriter High- speed Printer high-speed printer Visual visual display Play an important role play an important role in the company Affect Depend on (=rely on, count on). Accounting Bookkeeping Calculate Payroll Supermarket Checkout (supermarket) a computerized checkout system. Eliminate Ring up

Airline Make reservation Ex. He made reservations at hotel. Agent ticket agent Available Typesetting -typesetting system. Turn on-turn on the lights Turn off -turn off the radio Adjust Researcher Executive Make a decision Ex. He made a decision to resign. Agency Rapidly - < rapid, rapidity. Recover A from B (=get back A from B). Ex. He recovered his health from disease. Specific - < specify, specification. Surprise attacks Advanced an advanced class advanced ideas -advanced technique Assist Launch Compose Both A and B- (=at once A and B) In either case In any case A number of (= lots of, a lot of) Elementary Teaching aid Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) Reduce - <reduction Performance

Terminal computer terminal Consist of (=be composed of) Present Respond -<response. Light pen Step by step (=gradually), Appliance Equipped with Computing small computing device. Personal computers Keep accounts of keep account of the price of goods. Income tax Security * FURTHER STUDIES* A. Pronunciation, Stress, and Intonation: Later / latter Type / typical Analysis / analyze Excuse / executive Admit / adjust Age / storage Complicated, merchandize, calculate, analyze, typical Eliminate, deposit, interpret, executive, specific.

Electronic, automatic, arithmetic, elementary, mathematical. Large amounts of data / vast amounts of facts figures. A wide variety of purposes / millions of pieces of information B. Word Power: -ize, -yze -ize, -yze=make : computerize realize civilize analyze > modern : modernize/memory : memorize/ drama : dramatize/ symbol : symbolize/ special : specialize American : Americanize. special specific agent agency effect - affect Whats your special interest? Do you have any specific aim? He works for a ticket agent, not for a government agency. The effect of computer education will affect our society. computer science digital computer analogue computer -computer language Computer science has a great future. Is it a digital computer or an analogue computer? What do you mean by computer language? C. Useful Expressions: in use out of use -of use.

1. A million computers are in use in America and Canada alone. That expression has gone out of use. I think you will find this book of use to you. > Color TV sets are in common use now step by step (=gradually) 2. The computer takes through lesson step by step. A foreign language must be learned step by step. Step by step I taught the little dog to obey me. > He mastered the technique of driving step by step. keep track of 3. Computers keep track of the amount of merchandise in stock. We read the newspaper to keep track of current affairs. I have lost track of his address. > Keep track of the past records of our rival team. a variety of 4. A computer is useful for a wide variety of purposes. The store has a great variety of electronic products in stock. Many members showed up late for a variety of reasons. > The garden really has a great variety of flowers. equipped with

5. They have appliances equipped with a small computing device. The army was equipped with the latest weapons. They left school, equipped with good technical training. > Our school is equipped with a modern language lab. D. Grammar Review: the former, the latter this, that the one, the other. Bill and Jack are brothers, but the former is much taller than the latter. Work and play are both necessary to health; this gives us rest and that gives us energy. Reading is easy, and thinking is hard; but the one is useless without the other. I have two uncles; one lives in Seoul, and the other abroad.

LESSON 7: THE KOREAN WAR Keys to the Lesson: 1. We have a few guests sleeping here tonight. I have scores of apples left in the refrigerator. The Russians didnt have a delegate present at the session. 2. I couldnt have walked more than a mile when I became tired. I couldnt have studied more than an hour when he called me up. I could not have been asleep more than a couple of hours when a sudden thunder woke me.

3. The mother sang her baby to sleep. Unable to catch the lion alive, they shot it to death General Walker slowed the enemy to a walk. 4. Here and there were seen the red crosses of ambulances. Below me were the withdrawing lines of troops. Everywhere was the smell of death. 5. Ive come in the hope of finding you free. I went there in the hope that might see her. They would act boldly in the hope that others would not die. VOCABULARY WORDS Douglas Macarthur Duty officer Headquarters general headquarters Advise advise a person of. Strike - < strike struck struck Parallel the 10th parallel Urgency matter of great urgency. Tell oneself (=mutter to oneself) Division Patriotic Be lacking in Ex. He is lacking in intelligence. Artillery cf. artillery man. Essential Mask Preparation - <prepare

Similar to Screen For the purpose of Deception Equipped with From the beginning of time Timidity [timidity] -< timid Conflict -<conflict Make a decision to go to the party Request at the request of (=at a persons request) Secretary-general Call A into B Ex. He called staffs into a special meeting. Council the Security Council Delegate [ deligit] Session Conclude -<conclusion. Urgent Measure Require - < requirement. Furnish Assistance give assistance to. - < assist. Communism For oneself cf. by one self of oneself The day before Ex. He returned home the day before. Heavy (=violent). heavy attack -a heavy rain Temporary temporary measures. Jeep Head Just in time for (to do) be just in time for the meeting.

Witness [witnis] Rearguard cf. the rear rank Defend [defend] - < defense. In ones hand (=in the hand of). Push forward Tragic Agony Troop Ambulance Be filled with - (=be full of). Shrieking Shell Refugee - < refugee Belongings (=possessions). Personal belongings. Frightened Evidence Disaster Inherit -<inheritance, inheritable. Make up ones mind (=decide, determine). Be enough to Sweeping Rush Commitment - < commit, committee Ground troops Throw A into B Ex. The coach threw a substitute into ground. Desperate - < desperately. Outnumber Reflection Take shape

Counterattack Turn A into B Spearheaded Unit supporting unit Under (the) cover of Red [red] Envelope Front Build up Reorganize - < reorganization. R.O.K. (=the republic of Korea) Walker Withdrawal - < withdraw. Be ready to Fruition -<fruitful, opp. Fruitless. Bring into fruition (=come to fruition) Come true Ex. Your dream will come true. Target Detail Master plan Work out work out the report Board Mount Mckinley Typhoon With its full force go down -go down a hill prices go down Horizon - <horizontal. Make a landing amphibious operation Tension - < tense.

Climax- < climactic Take a turn take a turn around the ground Deck [ dek] Black out From stem to stern Boldly [bouldli] < bold, boldness. Hold [hould] hold a castle Defense - < defensive. Be responsible for Soul Cabin Turn in A couple of a couple of miles a couple of days. Open up Ex. They opened up a campaign for funds. Harbor Rock [rak] Bombardment - < bombard. Aerial Wreath Craft Orderly Climb up climb up to the top Bridge Hand Ex. Please hand me the salt. A slip of paper. (= a bit of paper a piece of paper). Cf. a sheet of paper. Secure Beachhead By the time Roll [roul]

Set ones foot on in, at, into. Column Head for- head for ones destination Move on Ex. Move on a head. Airfield Cannot help-ing Give way give way under pressure Cut off cut off the enemys retreat Abandon Mortar Surrender Captive - < capture. Clear Ex. The boss cleared up one of his men. The Capitol Building Hand back Be over Ex. The class was over. Line [lain] *FURTHER STUDIES* A. Pronunciation, Stress, and Intonation: [u:i/u:] : fruition/fruit ruin/juice suicide/suitable [wi/i] : equip/build quick/guilty quit/biscuit Equipment, outnumber, witness, commitment, withdrawal. envelope [enviluop] envelop

Write his address on the envelope. The Korean army enveloped the enemy. Ambulance, evidence, delegate, desperate, temporary, urgency Artillery, timidity, amphibious, inherit, surrender. B. Word Power: counter re-, outAttack : counterattack / organize - reorganize / number outnumber / wit outwit Assist assistance / commit commitment / deceive deception / divide division / defend defense / withdraw withdrawal- accept acceptance / assure assurance / require- requirement / receive reception / decide decision pretend pretense / arrival The United Nations Headquarters is located in New York. Who is the United Nations Secretary- General now? October 24 is United Day. The United Nations Security Council met yesterday. The United Nations General Assembly meets once a year. The United Nations forces fought in the Korean War. The United Nations Command is in Seoul. Do you know who the UNC Commander is now? C. Useful Expressions:

 be lacking in 1. They were lacking in tanks and artillery. Im afraid he is lacking in experience. Hes quite good, but hes lacking in common sense. > He is clever, but hes lacking in imaginations. work- out 2. All details of the master plan had been worked out. We must work out some plan to increase our sales. I cant work out these math problems. > The details of the plan must be worked out with in this week. take shape 3. The idea of a landing operation began to take shape. The new building is gradually taking shape. The plan for a new building is taking shape in his mind. > The plan will soon take shape. Now is the time to 4. Now was the time to recognize what history has taught us. Now is the time for me to say goodbye. Now is the best time to visit the mountain. > Now is the time to go home.

 under 5. The capital city of Seoul was under heavy attack. I headed north, toward the Han River under constant bombing. Wolmido was now rocking under the bombardment of naval guns. > The City has been under heavy attack for a month. D. Grammar Review: - that - , of The report advised him that they had attacked the south. The report advised him of their attack of the south. We warned them that the roads were icy. We warned them of the icy (condition of the) roads. He tried to convince the judge that he was innocent. He tried to convince the judge of his innocence. They assured the travelers that flying was safe. They assured the travelers of the safety of flying. He told his employer that he wanted a pay rise. He told his employer of his wish for pay raise. LESSON 8: U.S.A.: THE NATION OF IMMIGRANTS Keys to the Lesson:

1. Once having made a promise, you have to keep it. Once having begun, I had to continue with my study. Once having broken with the past, he had to rely on himself. 2. Theres no more necessary thing to man than love. Theres no brighter period in ones life than student days. Theres n surer guarantee of quality among than poverty. 3. He had three children, all of whom were very bright. He had two sons, both of whom attended our school. He saw a society of immigrants, each of whom had begun life again on an equal footing with all the others. 4. Only with a desperate effort can we win the game. Only with computers could they work out the calculations. Only with unusual courage could he break out of the mold. 5. To our surprise, the unexpected has happened. The book is full of the strange and the horrible. Centuries ago immigration was a leap into the unknown. *VOCABULARY WORDS* Immigrant [immigrant] cf. emigrant - < immigrate Be based on Be made up of (=be compose of) Alexis de Tocqueville Democracy in America Experiment (= test). An experiment station - < experimental. Breadth (=width). The length and breath of (= every part of) - < broad.

In search of Searching for. Institution the institution of polygamy Korean political institutions - < institute, institutional. Class-ridden -ridden- ride, fear- ridden priest ridden Successive three successive days succeed, succession, cf.successful Factor a factor of happiness a basic factor Democratic the Democratic Party - < democracy. Superiority superiority complex - opp. Inferiority. - < superior Exile go into exile - exile government political exile Guarantee (=warrant) Poverty poverty in thought poverty in blood Misfortune by misfortune Dare to Frontier frontier spirit Eager be eager to <eagerness, eagerly. For oneself Settler settle, settlement Immigrate [imigreit] opp. Emigrate cf. immigrant Indicate [indikeit] (=point to, show). Indicate the way Descendent opp. Ancestor. Mayflower Revolution- a military revolution - < the Revolutionary War Exchange A for B Bitter taste bitter - bitter remarks a bitter fate opp. Sweet. Determine (= decide). Determined to Away from Have dealings with (=deal with). Save up A for B. Passage passage money Bid farewell to

Cart a coal cart cf. wagon Be subject to Outlaw Lodge -lodging house Straw straw hat As many as Vessel sailing vessel -war vessel. Liverpool Lancashire Be subject to Primitive navigation Ration emergency [iron] ration ration book [card] Run out (=run short) Mercy without mercy mercy killing (=euthanasia) At the mercy of Extortionate < extort, extortion. Bunk (=bed) Toll [toul] a heavy too of lives One in ten cf. ten to one, (=nine out of ten) Come to an end Excitement (=agitation). < excite. Exciting. Anxiety anxiety about the future - < anxious. Strain [strein] Adjustment - adjustment to new environment - <adjust. Keep ing -keep talking keep waiting Persecution religious persecution - <persecute. Oppression -political oppression - < oppress. Hardship bear hardships syn. Difficulty Mass mass education mass communication mass game. Pilgrim [pilgrim] the Pilgrim Fathers Mayflowers

Refuge the last refuge the house of refuge - cf. refugee. Tyranny - < tyrannical. Conceive a badly conceived scheme Hold out From the every beginning In search of Have no choice Mold [mould] - paper mold Rely on (=depend on, count on, trust). Except for cf. except that Address oneself to Undertake undertake responsibility undertake a new enterprise. Waste land Productive productive farmland - < production, produce. Farmland *FURTHER STUDIES* A. Pronunciation, Stress, and Intonation: Anxious/anxiety Relative/relation exile/exit guarantee/distinguish age/passage experiment/experience immigrate : immigrant immigration essence : essential : essentially politics : political : politician

Equal : equality Refuge : refugee Democracy : democratic Superior : superiority

Image : imagine : imagination B. Word Power: succeed Succeed : successful : success / succeed : successive: succession long length Long : length broad : breadth strong : strength > wide, deep, dead, true, young (immigrant) (immigration) Immigrant, descendant, attendant, applicant > assist, serve, depend, discuss Show your passport to the immigration officer at the airport. Are you on an immigrant visa or on a tourist visa? Im on a nonimmigrant student visa. Is John a Native American or an immigrant American? He is a immigrants live in China towns; Koreans in Korea towns. C. Useful Expressions: in search of searching 1. Some people have come to America in search of riches.

They all went out in search of the missing child. There are birds flying south in search of the missing child. > He went out in search of a doctor for his sick wife. be subject to 2. The small ships were subject to winds and tides. They were subject to illness, accidents, and storms. We are all subjects to the laws of nature. > I am subject to colds in winter. at the mercy of 3. They were often at the mercy of extortionate captains. The ship was at the mercy of waves. He was at the mercy of the enemy. > The slaves were at the mercy of their masters. in contrast to/ with 4. This was in striking contrast to the society of Europe. His white hair was in sharp contrast to his dark skin. The blue carpet is in striking contrast to the white walls. > His character is in striking contrast to that of his brother. except for / with the exception of 5. Except for the Negro slaves, they could go anywhere. With the exception of the Indians, they were all immigrants.

With the exception of George, all wanted to go home. > With the exception of John, everyone was tired. D. Grammar Review: = nothing so as - = no = - than -. The sunrise at the seaside is the most glorious sight. Theres nothing as glorious as the sunrise at the seaside. Theres no more glorious than the sunrise at the seaside. once When you once remember this, youll never forget. Once you remember this, youll never forget. If you have once made a promise, you should keep it. Once you have made a promise, you should keep it. When you had once begun, you had to keep on learning it. Once having begun, you had to keep on learning it. LESSON 9: BEST LOOKING GIRL IN TOWN Keys to the Lesson: 1. She is by for the better actress. It is by for the best car. = It is the best car by for. He said she was by for the beast looking girl in town.

2. I was taking a walk when I witnessed the accident. I was about to go out, when the telephone rang. He was lunching at a restaurant when a woman came up to him. 3. She has been, and will be, one of the most popular singers. Nothing has been, is, or will be greater than mothers love. He was and still is a famous magazine illustrator. 4. He makes mistakes and that very often. It was necessary to act and that promptly. She was looking at him and that with longing eyes. 5. He began to think that he shouldnt have changed his job. I should have noticed your new tie, I guess. How are you getting along, now? You shouldnt have asked. * VOCABULARY WORDS * Thyra Samter Winslow picture frames. Short story -cf. novel Regularly go to the church regularly - < regularity. Magazine -sports magazine Be ashamed Ex. Dont be ashamed of yourself. Awkward at an awkward moment Terrible a terrible performance -cf. terrific. Cute (=pretty). A cute little girl. Attractive (=charming). Attractive personality.

Stringy - < string In spite of (= despite). Unimportant -opp. Important Grocery grocery store - cf. grocer As a matter of fact (= in fact, indeed). Except for except for money Be in love with Banker Go into (=engage oneself in, enter). Go into politics. Definite [definit] opp. Indefinite. a definite solution. Ideal a democratic ideal. Prefession - < professional. From a distance Townspeople (=townsfolk). Cf. townsman Take over take over a firm Settle down cf. settlement Well-known (=famous). A well-known architect Illustrator -a professional illustrator Longing a longing look - < long. Notice notice notice defect in a book Fit fit a garment on a person. Self- confident - < self-confidence. Remarkable (=extraordinary). A remarkable play. Statement- makes a statement Compliment have a compliment - < complimentary. Claim [kleim] Confusion be in confusion Get together Rearrange rearrange the furniture - < rearrangement.

The other day (=on a recent day). Lunch (= have lunch). * Breakfast, (Dinner < dine). Come up to Make over (=change). Ex. The garage was made over into a play room. Attempt. (=trial). An attempt to climb the mountain. Destiny [destini] (=fate). An unchangeable destiny. Note [ nout] (=tone). A sad note in his voice. Be in love with. Look back on look back on the past. Go steady with Beauty (=a beautiful person). A great beauty Go out with Bank failure a business failure. Chorus in chorus (=all together). Divorce get a divorce (=divorce). < Divorcee. (=a divorced woman). Ambitious an ambitious attempt - < ambition * FUTHER STUDIES * A. Pronunciation, Stress, and Intonation: Failure, familiar, lawyer, million, champion Ambitious, cautions, conscious, suspicious (Ex. Come down to, look out for), (Ex. Be of importance) Go out with -go steady with be in love with look back on - went back to

Went up to B. Word Power: self. Ex. Self deceiving, self-deception Self-conscious, self-confident, Self-control, self-respect. re -. Ex. Recreate Rearrange, recognize, reproduce, rewrite, review. un-. Ex. Clean unclean Unimportant, uncertain, unbearable, unfair, unemployed. be in love with=fall in love with. Tom is in love with Jane. He felt in love with her last year. blonde, plain, beauty. Jane is a blonde. She is plain, not a beauty. lovely, charming = attractive But she is lovely, charming and attractive.

 handsome, good-looking Tom isnt very handsome or good-looking. date, go steady with Tom dated Jane and went steady with her for a year. love Now Tom is Janes love, and Jane is Toms love. go like that Love goes like that, and this is their first love. love story They like love stories and movies with love affairs. skin deep Beauty is but skin deep is their favorite proverbs. C. Useful Expressions: go steady with

1. There I was, going steady with Pat and in love with Shane. She has been going steady with him for a long time. Are Tom and Jane going steady? > Who are you going steady with? take over 2. Pat took over his fathers grocery store. When Mr. Green retired his son Henry took over the business. Who will take over the ship in case the captain is sick? > Usually, sons take over their fathers business. look back on (over) 3. It was very funny, when you look back on those days. He often looks back on his school days. Looking back over her past, she was wet with tears. > I often look back on my happy childhood. get together (=have a meeting, have a get-together assemble). 4. They get together the next morning. Lets get together one evening and talk about old times. The club members get together once a week. > How often do you get together? be good at cf. be poor at5. Im good at remembering names.

What are you good at? I think Im good at math. Who is best at English in your class? Tom is, to be sure. > I am not good at remembering numbers. D. Grammar Review: Ex. First, you should look into the core itself. The matter itself is quite clear. There appeared before the crowd the queen herself. Confucius himself had his faults. itself = very. Ex. He is politeness itself. = He is very polite. I saw you looking at him. Simplicity itself It turned out that the lady was kindness itself. You can trust him. he is honesty itself. LESSON 10: DOS AND DONT WHEN YOU ARE ABROAD Keys to the Lesson: 1. Speaking of pictures, have you ever seen Picassos work? Speaking of Switzerland, have you ever been there in winter? Speaking of tipping, how much should we give a cab driver? 2. He speaks French and Spanish, not to speak of English. He cant afford to buy a bicycle, not to speak of a car. It is important to know the host countrys language, not to speak of English.

3. I took a map with me lest I should lose my way. I hurried to the station lest I should miss the train. Dont shout, lest you should be taken for a vulgar person. 4. He was not at home, as is often the case (with him). The reaction, as is always the case, was quite normal. There are toothpicks for your use, as is the case in Korea. 5. Study when young, otherwise, it will be too late. I have a bad cold, otherwise Id be glad to go with you. Otherwise, something youve never expected may happen. VOCABULARY WORDS Generation generation gap Favor Take for granted Proper -proper behavior Be sure to Flight [flait] flight no 5 Destination toward the destination Detail [diteil] in details Carrier Korean plane carrier Airline Koreans Airlines Doorman doorman in a red uniform Bellboy (=luggage). Baggage cargo. Tip [tip] receive tip

Check out opp. Check in Token a token of friendship wear black as a token of mourning. Gratitude in gratitude for Pillow [pilou] pillow slip Cab (=taxi) . cab driver Be apt to (=be liable to) At a loss (=embarrassed) Fare bus fare Bill [bil] pay the bill Cloakroom (=checkroom) Hairdresser Storeroom (=storage) Overnight the enemys overnight attack Deposit deposit money in the bank Locker locker-room-locker Suitcase (=briefcase) Go around Surrender surrender oneself to justice Valuable Hold up Purser Robbery be charged with robbery - < rob Courteous (=polite). Be courteous to As a whole (=altogether) After all (=in the end) Command (=order). Willingness with willingness - < willing, be willing to Resentment - <resent Annoy - be [feel] annoyed - < annoyance (=resentment).

Lest-should Pay attention to Disrespectfully -< disrespectful Not to speak of (=to say nothing of, let alone) In advance Geography Preserve - <preservation Window shopping Browse browse through someones book Inexpensive (=cheap). (< expensive, = costly). Souvenir - a souvenir section Mingle (=mix), mingle with all types of man. Curiosity burn with a curiosity to know- < curious. On time (= at the right time). Cf in time Detain [ditein] be detained by an accident Empty-handed empty-headed Formal formal meeting opp. Informal Handwrite - a handwritten letter < handwriting. Embarrass embarrass oneself - < embarrassment. Attendant Firm - firm friendship. Grip give a firm grip. Receptionist Acquaintance a mere a acquaintance, not a friend Small talk make small talk Get down to get down to major issues. Assign assign him a hard work Make noise Chew

Utmost [atmoust] (=uttermost). To the utmost limits Butter Roll [roul] Bite off Swing swing-swung-swung. Plate [pleit] a plate of meat Lively a lively song Toothpick pl. toothpicks. Cf pick ones teeth In the presence of in the presence of the Pope. In private (=privately). Resorts - have resort to Distinctly pronounce distinctly Slang a slang term Pick up pick up a word. * FURTHER STUDIES * A. Pronunciation, Stress, and Intonation: [s] [z] Sign, assign / design, resign assert / dessert Sentiment / resentment living / lively bow [bau], [bou] Everyone bow as the Queen entered the room. [baud] He moved aside for her with a polite bow. [bau]

The warriors had a bow and arrows with them. [bou] souvenir Utmost, gratitude, essayist, hairdresser, souvenir, Embarrass, resentment, attendant, receptionist. Curiosity, inexpensive, disrespectfully, souvenir B. Word Power: Baggage (all the bags), furniture, machinery, merchandise, cattle, police, public, audience, crowd, Sheep, fish. + hypen ed. Ex. Good mind good-minded Empty hand empty handed Cold blood cold-blooded Warm heart warm hearted Fair skin fair- skinned fare, price, rate, exchange rate Whats the fare to London? Whats the price of this tie? Whats the rate at your hotel? Whats the exchange rate from dollar to franc? How much do I owe you? = How much is it? = what do you charge? How much do I owe you?

 bill Could I have the bill, please? C. Useful Expressions: take A for granted A take it for granted that 1. What is taken for granted isnt always as proper. I take it for granted that we should build new roads. I took it for granted that you had prepared for the exam. > I took it for granted that you would help me. check out check in 2. Dont be required to pay for an extra night by not checking out in time. You must check in at the airport early enough. They checked in at the reception desk. > He checked in at the hotel on Monday and checked out on Friday. in advance 3. Do some study in advance about the country you are visiting. Please let me know the time of your arrival in advance. Its not wise to spend your income in advance. > He nailed his baggage in advance.

 be at loss 4. We are often at a loss as to how passport was. He was at a loss as to where his passport was. I was at loss for words when asked a personal question. > I was at a loss as to what answer I should give to the question. hold up 5. Do surrender you valuables when you are held up. That bank has been held up three times. Hold your hands up! shouted the policeman to the thieves. > Hold your hands up, or Ill shoot. D. Grammar Review: - speaking of = talking of, judging from, frankly speaking, granting that, taking into consideration Speaking of movies, did you see Farewell to Arms? Talking of flowers, what flower do you like? Judging from his accent, he must be an American. Frankly speaking, he isnt proper for the position. Granting that he said so, I can hardly believe it. Taking all things into consideration, his life is a happy one. - not to speak of = not to mention = to say nothing He has experience, not to speak of knowledge.

He spokes French and German, to say nothing of English. He doesnt know English, not to mention French. LESSON 11: AN AIR TRIP Keys to the Lesson: 1. Ill see (to it) that everything is ready. Wait a minute, Ill see (to it) that the door is locked. Please check to see that your seat belt is fastened. 2. He may well be anxious about the result of the examination. Its shocking, you may well be surprised! You may well be happy and smile because youve arrived safe 3. Now that youre a big boy, do just as you choose. Now that he is ill, well have to go without him. You may well be happy now that you have arrived safe. 4. If I know, I would answer, As it is, I must remain silent. We hoped things would get better, but, as it is, theyre worse. As it is, travel by air is one of the safest ways to travel. 5. There is plenty of work yet to be done. Even with his homework yet to be done, hes watching TV. You have yet to go through customs inspection. VOCABULARY WORDS

Go on a trip (=take a trip, make a trip) Leg [leg] the last leg of a trip Familiarize familiarize oneself with - < familiar Departure the point of departure - < depart Board (=get on). Boarding pass Aircraft (=airplane). A space aircraft. Cabin cabin class. Cf. tourist class, prestige class. Public address system Stewardess a chief stewardess - opp. Steward. Ticket envelope Crew [kru:] ground crew Director Flight Service Director Pan Am Pan American Airlines At this time - cf. at any time. At that time Seat bealt Fasten -fasten up Upright an upright walk. Tray [trei] tray table ash tray Cabin baggage Turn off opp. Turn on Lavatory (=toilet room) Local time. Life jacket Oxygen mask Concerning (=on, about, regarding). Concerning the problem. Folder -safety instruction folder. Seat pocket Contain - < container

Emergency in caser of emergency, emergency exit. Takeoff opp. Landing - < take off. Approximately (=about, around) Altitude Cruise cruising speed Per three miles per hour (=three miles an hour) Vast a vast plain Mealtime Juice -0 a cup of apple juice. < juicy Snack Elicit [ilisit] (=draw out). Elicit laughter < elicitation Unfavorable opp. Favorable. Vary vary ones stys of look Segment - < segmental Eliminate [ilimineit] (=get rid of). < Elimination Boredom give boredom to. < bore Feature a new film featuring Dustin Hoffman Audio audio presentation of Beethovens Symphony No. 8. op. video Normally (=usually).opp. abnormally - < normal. Presentation a presentation of musical shows Headset [hedset] (=headphone). Obtain (=get). Charge charge 3 dollars for a book - < charge Channel - the broadcasting of the nightly news in channel 5 Classical classical music -< classic Jazz jazz song Broadway Forth And so forth (=and so on; and the like).

In-flight [inflait] in-flight lunch Duty-free (=tax exempt). Duty-free goods Alcoholic alcoholic drink Beverage a cool beverage Perfume Cart a rolling cart Aisle [ail] Intermediate an intermediate course Attendant a conference attendant Entry form Visibility the zero visibility F.( Fahrenheit) - 39 F (thirty-nine degrees Fahrenheit). Cf. centigrade. Touch down (=land) Runaway -a run away lined with torches On behalf of (=as the representative of). On behalf of the entire crew At long last (= finally, at last, eventually) File [fail] file in, file out Confinement under confinement Inspection customs inspection. Procedure legal procedure * FURTHER STUDIES * A. Pronunciation, Stress, and Intonation: s, t, i. d [d3], [d] Aisle, island / fasten, often / cruise, juice

Procedure, soldier / schedule, graduate / endure, during Flight 206 : flight two-o-six, 5:00 p.m. (five p.m.). 575 miles ( five hundred and seventy-five miles), 28,000 feet (twenty eight thousand feet). $ 2.50 (two dollars and fifty cents). 86 F. (eighty six Fahrenheit), 707 (seven-o-seven), 747(seven-four-seven), DC8(DC eigth), DC 10 (DC ten), Tristar 1011 (Tristar one-o-one-one) Passenger, stewardess, lavatory, beverage, temperature, approximate, departure, Elicit, procedure, familiarize, alcoholic, intermediate, visibility, international B. Word Power: -ure. Ex. Please pleasure, -ity. Ex. Able ability, audible audibility -ize. Ex. Industrial- industrialize Proceed : procedure Seize : seizure Depart : departure Visible : visibility Capable : capability Probable : probability Familiar : familiarize Normal : normalize Commercial : commercialize passport, visa, travel, document, health certificate = yellow card, make a reservation. Confirm ones flight, entry card, baggage claim

The passport and the visa are your basic travel documents. The health certificate or yellow card is sometimes required. Whenever you fly, make a reservation and confirm your flight. You must fill out your entry card in English when traveling. Take utmost care not to lose your baggage claim tags. C. Useful Expressions: on behalf of (=as the representatives) 1. She will thank the passengers on behalf of the airlines. On behalf of my company I express our hearty thanks to you. I wrote the letter on behalf of my mother. > He signed the document on behalf of my mother. go through (= pass through) 2. You have to go through the immigration procedure. The new law has gone through the National Assembly. The plan has yet to go through, several more stages. > All of them have to go through the physical examination. make an effort to make every effort make some effort make no effort 3. The airlines make every effort to provide good food. Many passengers are making some effort to sleep. He made no effort to learn English. > I am making every effort to learn English.

 more or less 4. The basic services are more or less common to all airlines. She is more or less excited, but he isnt. Their answers were more or less the same. > He seemed to be more or less surprised at the news. fill out- (=fill in) 5. They distribute the entry forms that must be filled out. He filled out the application form before the interview Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. > Fill this form out and bring it to me, please. D. Grammar Review: that, now that, in that, what, that, Its not that but that. Now that the rain has stopped, lets play again. In that you are busy, let me tell you about it briefly. Men differ from beast in that they can think and speak. Whats she doing now? It isnt that I care. Its not that I dont want to do so but that he doesnt. LESSON 12: ON LOVE Keys to the Lesson:

1. There is no luck in life. Luck is of our own making. Teaching was a profession of his own choosing. We see only the figure of our own making. 2. Rumor has it that the mayor is going to resign. Marcel Proust had it that love is subjective. A Greek myth has it that human beings ere originally composed of a man and a woman. 3. Where there is a will, there is a way. Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible. Happiness flourishes where there is happiness. 4. Work hard, (so, in order) that you may succeed. He is keeping quiet, that he may not disturb his father. Women put on beautiful gowns that they may be chosen by men. 5. Some students study German and others French. A woman thinks of her home as a swallow of its nest. A woman will wait for a man, but as the spider for the fly. VOCABULARY WORDS Andr Maurois [dre morwa] (1885-1967) Give ears to (=lend an ear to). Ex. You must give your ears to the teacher. Biographer Encounter encounter with enemy Thesis submit a thesis Adolescence - < adolescent. Vague [veig] a vague answer a vague rumo[u]r Anticipation - sense of anticipation - < anticipate

Give oneself up to Ex. The student gave oneself up to reading for exams. Figure a woman of graceful figure. a figure of fun. political figure Fancy - < fanciful, a fanciful design, a fanciful story. Fall in love with Ex. She fell in love with the boy Await Predestination Predestine Myth the Greek myth - the Greek myths Be composed of Ex. An engine is composed of many parts. Companion travel companion, companions in arms. Oblige oblige to Deliberately [diliberitli] - < deliberate. Disposition a man of a social disposition Patience a man of great patience Virtue a man of virtue Ex. Virtue is its own reward. In the pursuit of Flourish Wither Ex. Her affection withered. Atmosphere tense atmosphere - < atmospheric/atmospherical. Constraint under constraint Apparently - < apparent. Energetic - < energy Virile a virile voice Affectionate -an affectionate letter Be willing to Ex. They were willing to undertake the job. Dominate - < domination. Admire - < admiration. Amazon Amazon. - < Amazonian. Marcel Proust

Subjective opp. Objective. Beholder - <behold Of ones own ing Ex. She gave me handkerchief of her own making. Interfere with Ex. The noise interfere with my work. Source. Nothing but (=ony). Ex. It is nothing but a joke. Ideal opp. Real. Perfect a perfect wife a perfect stranger Fuel add fuel to the fire fuelling station Flame [fleim] flame projector (thrower) flame proof paper Go out (=be extinguished). Ex. His cigar has gone out. The fire will soon go out. Keep on (do)ing Ex. It kept on raining Arouse arouse anger Court Primitive [primitiv] primitive man. Carry off Captive At the mercy off Ex. They were at the mercy of the conquerors. Adornment Put on Ex. He put on his shirt Jewel jewel box Fashion a new fashion Strive Ex. He strove to overcome his bad habits. (strive strove-striven) Inferiority a feeling of inferiority -opp. Superiority. > inferior. Some of sort Inferiority complex As to (=about, concerning). Intelligence a man of much intelligence intelligence quotient intelligent test Distrust - < distrustful.

Reveal (=show) Lovable Unaware -be unaware of Ex. We were unaware of the approaching storm. Be based (up)on Ex. Taxation is based upon income Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) Spider spider(s) web Swallow one swallow does not make a summer. Proxy Ex. Books are not proxies for experience. Bauldelaire - Charles Pierre (1821-670 Mate [meit] a faithful mate to him Chopin Frederic Francois (1810-1849) Incline Beethoven -Ludwing van Mozart - Wolfgang Amadeuos (1756-91) Wagner Richard (1813-83) Bring together Mutual Ecstasy Belief the Christian belief Strengthen - < strength. Companionship Come into being Alas Come to an end Impose (=force). Impost respect Sheer (=complete). A sheer waste of time. Folly youthful follies Get in the way -Ex. Marriage may get in the way of your study Weary Ex. The long hours of works wearied me.

Contemptuous (=disdainful). Ex. She is contemptuous of my humble home and poor surroundings. Concrete -concrete plan opp. Abstract Jealousy Indifference Cling to Romance Woo. * FURTHER STUDIES * A. Pronunciation, Stress, and Intonation: -is [is], -es [i:z] Thesis: theses -el. al Fuel, jewel, cruel, mutual, actual, usual. stress Ecstasy, jealousy, dominate, primitive, mutual Biographer, pianist, intelligence, impose, compose Adolescence, energetic, interfere, inferiority B. Word Power: analysis : analyses basis : bases

 -ive, -ate, ity, -ce Subject : subjective Object : objective Affection : affectionate Passion : passionate Superior : superiority Inferior : inferiority Intelligent : intelligence Adolescent : adolescence love Love is blind. Love is without reason. Hot love is soon cold. Love needs no teaching. Alls fair in love and war. Whom the gods love die young. C. Useful Expressions: come into being / existence / fashion 1. After a period of courting, love comes into being. When did this world come into existence? I dont know when jeans come into fashion.

> I dont know when such a custom first come into being. feel [be] obliged to 2. Many youths feel obliged to choose their mate deliberately. They felt obliged to sell their house to pay their debts. I was obliged to walk to school as traffic was tied up. > Because of the typhoon, we were obliged to stay at home. get/stand/be in ones way; get in the way of. 3. We must not get in her way of development. Dont stand in my way. Oh, sorry. Am I in your way. Marriage may get in the way of your study. > Dont get in my way. give oneself up to 4. He will give himself up to the figure of his fancy. He decided to give himself up to the study of physics. The escaped prisoner gave himself up to the police. > I decided to give himself up to the study of English. cling to 5. The last rule, and the least known, is to cling to romance. Wet clothes cling to the body. The children always cling to their mother. > Dont cling to your old ideas.

D. Grammar Review: To some life is pleasure, to others life is suffering. It matters not how long we live, but how (we live). You may read this book if you want to (read this book). Fair play is as in important in business as it is (important) in sports. When (she was) young, she was very beautiful. Correct the errors if (there are) any (errors). He seldom, if (he) ever (does), goes to church. What a pretty flower (it is)! I could have come yesterday (if I had tried to come). (If one is) out of sight, (one is) out of mind. LESSON 13: PAINTING AS A PASTIME Keys to the Lesson: 1. The more learned a man is, the more modest he is. The darker the sky, the brighter the stars. The stronger the will, the more futile the task. 2. It is no use trying to excuse yourself. It is no use crying over spilt milk. It is no use saying to the tired mind Ill give you a rest.

3. Generally speaking, Koreans are too shy in speaking English. Strictly speaking, the bamboo is a kind of grass. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into 3 classes. 4. We were tired to death at the end of the journey. The tour guides were worked to death all the year around. Theyre toiled to death, worried to death, or bored to death. 5. There is not the slightest difference between the two. Weve finished the work without the slightest difficulty. No artist finds the slightest inconveniences in standing to paint for three or four hours at a stretch. VOCABULARY WORDS Pastime (=diversion) As a pastime Leisure leisure hours at ones leisure Remedy [remidi] - < remediable irremediable (=remediless) Avoidance - < avoid - (= keep away from) Responsibility [risponsebiliti] (of, for). < responsible. Solitude (=loneliness), < solitary. Gaiety - < gay. Gaily No doubt (=probably) Wear out Ex. The brainworker is apt to wear out his mental muscles. Continually Elbow [elbou] Not merely A, but B (= not only A, but (also) B). Ex. We can watch the movie not merely in the theatre. Muscle muscle man - < muscular coin

Lie down lie, lie lay lain lying., lie lied lied lying. Go on Argue with (about ; on, upon) cf. argue against Futile (=vain, useless), futility, Cultivation - < cultivate In a day Ex. Success is not the thing we can accomplish in a day. At hand ( =near in time or place). Ought to (=must, should) Make worse to make matters worse (=what is worse). Divide A into B Rational - < rationalize, a rational policy Industrious - < industry, cf. industrial Secondly Belong to Atmosphere Diversion - < divert. Suffer from Akin (to) Daily round (=routine work of life) Brainworker Equilibrium - < equilibrate. Call into use cf. call into play Handicraft - < handicraftsman Sketch Rescue rescue team Come [go] to the rescue Induce - < inducement. Cf. induct. Presume - (=assume, presuppose). < presumption. Get enjoyment (=enjoy)

Paint-box Have a try Spire (=be eager to, long for) Masterpiece Content oneself with Watercolor Say against Medium Disposal - < dispose. At ones disposal Find out Sweep Delicious - < deliciousness. Squeeze -squeeze bottle Match A with B Rejoice rejoice to welcome a person. Get to heaven - (=die) Spend . . . in Portion a portion of land To the bottom Gay [gei] (= merry), (=bright). Reconnaissance reconnaissance in force. Attentive Point of view - (=viewpoint). From the point of view of a forest Heighten [haitn] Innumerable (=numberless). Opp. Numerable. On ones hands have time on ones hands Distraction distraction from grief. Pass out

Such as it is (=such as they are). Ex. You may use my car, such as it is. Parade parade ground At a time (=at the same time, at once). Inconvenience. * FURTHER STUDIES * A. Pronunciation, Stress, and Intonation: Muscle/rescue, Leisure (Am) Futile (Am) Diversion (Am) scenery/scale, (Br) (Br) (Br) scientific/scarcely

Atmosphere solitude remedy handicraft masterpiece Delicious disposal industrious reconnaissance Equilibrium inconvenience individual undertake B. Word Power: Avoid : avoidance Guide : guidance Attend : attendance Dispose : disposal Arrive : arrival Refuse : refusal Gay : gaiety Anxious : anxiety

Various : variety at ones leisure -for recreation -leisure Industry - amusement park recreation center -taste for art. What do your friends do at their leisure? Many of my friends climb mountains for recreation. Some of them paint as a pastime. Everybody is trying to have a hobby of some sort. Now the leisure industry has come into being. Many amusement parks and recreation centers are being built. But a taste for art is the highest form of pastime. C. Useful Expressions: keep a person company or keep company with 1. Light and color by them company to the end of the day. You must keep good company. Dont keep bad company. He kept company with such bad boys. > Who are you keeping company with? such as it is 2. You may use my car, such as it is. Our house, such as it is, has enough room for you to stay. My wife cooked these dishes, such as they are. > Please use this room, such as it is. come [go] to a persons rescue rescue from = come to ones rescue

3. Painting comes to my rescue in a most trying time. The firemen went to their rescue and saved them from the fire. They rescued him from drowning. = They come to his rescue and saved him from drowning. > He came to my rescue and saved me from drowning. be akin to 4. Reading is akin to the ordinary work of brainworkers. A Proverb has it that pity is akin to live. We have similar opinions; mine is akin to yours. > A fox is akin to a dog. at a stretch 5. Painters have to remain standing for hours at a stretch. They rowed for five hours at a stretch. He got tired after he drove 300 miles at a stretch. > Can you walk for 5 hours at a stretch? D. Grammar Review: It is no use - be - ing It is (of) no use (your) trying to help him. It is no use for you to try to help him. There is no use (in) trying to help him. to for a person

It is no good advising him to give up smoking. it that It isnt much use your saying that you didnt know the rules. there is no - ing = It is impossible that. There is no telling what may happen ten years from now. There is no knowing who has done it. There is no accounting for why it has happened. LESSON 14: THE NEWSBOY Keys the Lesson: 1. We cannot see that play without crying. You can never hurt another without hurting yourself. It is impossible to get past him without making a purchase. 2. He is not so much a scholar as journalist. I like her not so much for her beauty as for her kindness. The weather as because we have always worn it. 3. I would rather give up my job than work under such a man. She would rather have died than (have) accepted his offer. He would rather have given up play going altogether than have occupied another seat in the theather.

4. It is not that I am unwilling but that I have not time. Its just that he and I learned from that same teacher. It is simply that I should feel guilty if I disappointed him. 5. We have your medicine prepared now. I had the work finished two days before the target date. He had the newspaper plucked out of his bundle. VOCABULARY WORDS Newsboy newscaster Noted (=famous, renewed). Noted for beauty Robert Lynf Journalist journalist committee Man of letters the republic of letters Moral Red-faced Call out Stump stump of cigarette Trio [tri:ou] piano trio, Archduke by Beethoven Passer-by -cf. passenger Pluck pluck A out of B Bundle a bundle of letters Unbutton opp. Button. Get past Ex. With a smile, John got past me Purchase make purchase Absent minded -an absent minded person . < absent-mindedness. Existence existence of God - < exist Recall Ex. The teacher recalled Jane to a sense of responsibility. Make ones way

Obedience - <obey. Opp. Disobey. Stealthily Fugitive a fugitive soldier Hard-seller Good-humored good-humored tone - < good-humor Servitude - < servile Tobacconist - < tobacco. Get accustomed to (=be accustomed to). Ex. Do not get accustomed to be blamed. Patent Patent Office patent medicine Make A of b Ex. Money makes slaves of almost all people. Coward Ex. Coward die many times before their deaths. At liberty Elsewhere In(the) course of time Ex. Wrong habits make slaves of us in the course of time. Possession illegal possession of arms - < possess. Such-and-such cf. so-and-so. Mr. So-and-so At all In regard to (=with regard to). Frequent Ex. Frogs frequent the pond. Survey In the front Play going - < play-goer. As a [the result of Ex. John failed the exam, as a result of his laziness. Cf. in the result Commandment The Ten Commandments (Mt. Sinai) (Moses) For instance (=fore example, as an example, by way of example [illustration]). Revolt [rivoult] (against). Ex. People revolt against their rulers. Brigade [ brigeid]. A fire brigade - the No-Hat Brigade Go about Ex. He is going about with bad guys.

Widespread widespread rumor Prejudice Ex. He has a prejudice against doctors. Reverence reverence of honor - < revere Attach (to). Opp. Detach. Ex. He attached importance to the fable. < attachement. Trifle [traifl] waste time on rifles Napkin Inspire - (= with) Horror Gulp Ex. John gulped down water. Bar Ex. The way is barred. Offend Abide Collapse - the collapse of morals Intolerable * FURTHER STUDIES * A. Pronunciation, Stress, and Intonation: Compare/comparable steal/stealthily create/creature Carrier/career patience/obedience chase/purchase Origin, prejudice, fugitive, servitude, reverence Collapse, commandments, obedience, intolerable. B. Word Power: Pass by a passer by passers- by Look on onlooker onlookers

Brother(s)-in-law Sister(s)-in-law Father(s)-in-law Mother(s)-in-law Son(s)-in-law Daughter(s)-in-law Editor(s)-in-chief Commander(s)-in-chief habit -second nature Habit is second nature. get/fall into habits / have the habit of ing - / break off the habit of ing- / be in the habit of ing - / Out of habit (by habit) Dont let yourself get/fall into bad habits. Dont you have the habit of biting your nails? Did your brother break off the habit of getting up late? Isnt you father in the habit of smoking? Many people smoke out of habit (by habit), not for pleasure. C. Useful Expressions: in regard to with regard to 1. They show the same habit in regard to seats in the theater. I have no opinion in/with regard to this matter. As for me, I have no objection in regard to your proposal.

> Let me hear you opinion in regard to this problem. at liberty (to do). Freely, at ones own will. 2. I was not at liberty to go elsewhere. You are at liberty to tell the story to anyone. I am not at liberty to tell the story to anyone. > You are at liberty to go home at any time. abide by opp. Violate. 3. We must abide by custom. If you join the club, you must abide by its rules. We must abide by the decision of the majority. > You must abide by your promise. make ones way 4. I made my way to the bus stop by back lanes. I made my way home on foot. He made his way through the crowd towards us. > We made our way to the park along the river. acquire the habit of ing - /form / cultivate the habit of ing. break a habit. 5. Most of us have acquired the habit of wearing a hat. We have to form / cultivate the habit of saving money. It is extremely difficult to break a habit. >All of us must cultivate the habit of reading.

D. Grammar Review: no [not] without ing, never but, scarcely but- whenever every time. I cannot read this book without being moved. The villagers never pass by each other without a greeting. It never rains but pours. He never reads the papers in bed but he goes to sleep. They scarcely meet but they quarrel. make A of B Ex. Dont make me a fool. Dont make a fool of me. Custom makes slaves of brave men and cowards alike. I will make a good tennis player of you. Most father think of making great men of their sons. LESSON 15: THE WAVE OF THE FUTURE Keys to the Lesson: 1. They found themselves caught in heavy traffic. We find ourselves caught up in the explosive change. Parents find themselves in conflict with their children.

2. This hotel reminds me of the one we stayed in last year. This picture reminds me of my childhood. A new computerized service reminds you of your appointment. 3. The river is far too wide for me to swim across. This shirt is far too small for you to wear. A computer can process data in a time fat too short for the human senses to detect. 4. Still more remarkable has been the countrys economic growth. So impressive has been the standard of living there. Even more dramatic has been the spread of part-time work. 5. The family (that) he lived with liked him very much. The coffee shop (that) we stopped in was clean and tidy. Every rule we have lived by is changing. VOCABULARY WORD Alvin Toffler Future Shock The Third Wave. Epoch the epoch of space travel Adjust to Rush-hour the morning rush-hour Unavoidable (inevitable). < unavoidably. Nine-to-five nine-to-five job. Tampo quicken the tempo of production Mechanical mechanical breakdown. a lifeless and mechanical speech Rhythm the rhythm of the seasons. - < rhythmic, rhythmical. Core to the core the core of the matter Specify specify the reasons - < specification.

Flexible a flexible plan Part-time a part time job. cf. full time Elderly the elderly (the elderly people. Shift Round-the-clock round-the-clock operations Programmer Devise - < device. Urban an urban area opp. Rural. Adult adult education. Individualization - < individualize. Burden a burden of responsibility Intensify - < intensification. Loneliness [lounlinis] - < lonely Isolation isolation ward - < isolate. Arrange - < arrangement. Face-to-face have a face-to-face talk. Remind [rimaind] remined A of B Arrangement make arrangements for a wedding - < arrange. Range a wide range of Video [vidiou] Televiewer - < teleview Recast Concept <conceive Detect [ditekt] detect enemy plane - < detection In terms of (=by means of) Relationship have a close relationship to Diversity - < diverse. Standardization - < standardize.

Educational an educational system. - < education. Overthrow overthrow slavery Ant centralist anti Corporate a corporate property a corporate body - < corporation. Maximization opp. Minimization - < maximize Appropriate simple clothes appropriate for school Component syn. Element. A component part Revolutionary a revolutionary discovery - < revolution. Participate participate in a meeting. < Participation. Organizational -<organize < organization. Code. [koud] a moral code social code Irrelevance opp. Relevance. < irrelevant. Department department of state. department store. < departmental. Hospitality give hospitality to hospitable. * FUTHER STUDIES * A. Pronunciation, Stress, and Intonation: machine mechanical, device devise Machine : mechanical Device : devise Nine-to-five job round-the-clock operation Face-to-face contact surface-to-air missile Man-to-man defense people diplomacy

Corporate, specify, televiewer, programmer Participate, intensify, component, appropriate Revolutionary, unavoidable, educational. B. Word Power: work full [part] time a full time job a part time teacher on duty off duty round-the-clock Work in three shifts the morning [day, night] Computer : computerize : computerization Standard : standardize : standardization Special : specialize : specialization Individual : individualize : individualization Maximum : maximize : maximization. Mr. Baker works full time. He has a full time job. His brother works part time. He is a part-time teacher. Mr. Baker is a full-timer and his brother is a part- timer. He is on duty today but will be off (duty) tomorrow. The factory is on round-the-clock operation now. The employees work in three shifts: the morning shift, the duty shift, and the night shift. C. Useful Expressions: give way to 1. It always happens when one epoch gives way to another. Coal gave way to oil.

Whatever happens, dont give way to despair. > Give way to your elders. in return for (=as payment for) 2. He gets smaller pay in return for time to pursue his hobby. I sent her some roses in return for her hospitality. What do you expect in return for your work? > I sent him a gift in return for his kindness. as yet (=up to a present time) 3. We dont as yet have a vocabulary for describing these. As yet, we havent made any plans for the holidays. Our plan has worked well as yet. > As yet we have no answer from him. aim at 4. They devise TV programs specially aimed at night workers. They aim at increasing production as the economy recovers. These television shows are aimed at young folks. > This magazine is aimed at teenagers. have an effect on (=have an impact on) 5. These changes have deep effects on the economy. Did the medicine have any effects on that disease? Punishment seemed to have very little effect on him.

> The medicine he gave me had no effect on me. D. Grammar Review: I hope I am afraid to be precise as all men know as it seemed to him as it sweeps in I shall finish it, I hope, by the end of the week. I am, to be precise, 17 years and 5 months old. He was, as all men knew, a great President. His father as it seemed to him was very strict. The Third Wave, as it sweeps in. brings a completely different sense of time.

LESSON 16: AN AMERICAN COLLEGE STUDENTS (1) Keys to the Lesson: 1. Next week we will have many events, formal and informal. You must stand up to greet a person, male or female. There are so many different colleges, public and private. 2. Only then did I see the danger we were in. Only slowly did he begin to understand the situation. Only in a few course did I do my best in high school. 3. Im thinking of those happy days when I lived with them.

He is from that part of Switzerland where French is spoken. I remember those first days of school when I was a freshman. 4. You might have had a serious accident. I could have gotten into one of those state universities. I might have had trouble being admitted into Harvard. 5. The reason (why) she likes him is that he is intelligent. The reason for her anxiety is that you are far too careless. Another reason I study so hard is that I like to understand what is going on in class. VOCABULARY WORDS Douglas Stout A bit of (= a piece of). A bit of land a bit of patience Flavor (=taste). A modern flavor the Oriental flavor At least. Semester Graduate student cf. undergraduate student Registration registration of copyright - < register. Mail [meil] (=post). Mail a letter at a mail box. Entrance entrance into life entrance examination Fee a tuition fee - an admission [entrance] fee Make a mistake (=mistake). Gymnasium cf. gymnast gymnastic Sign up sign up for classes Freshman (high school college) cf. sophomore, junior, senior. State-supported cf. state owned -, state-run.

Stanford Yale [ jeil] State university -cf. private university Michigan Ohio California University of California Harvard Dartmouth Ivy cf. Ivy League (Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Columbia, Dartmouth). Prestigious < prestige. Combination - < combine. Standardize - < standardization ACT SAT Scholastic (=academic). Aptitude In my case Consequently (= as a result, in consequence). < consequence. Consequent. Do ones best Dorm (=dormitory) Even so Feelings of disappointment Take a look around Campus campus activities campus life Hong Kong Mexico Venezuela And so on (=and so forth, etc. and what not. Cafeteria cf. (=coffee house).

Pay attention to In fact Taiwan (=Formosa) Share with cf. share A with B Assignment - < assign Hardworking Composition - < compose. Not only A but (also) B Be happy with (=be satisfied with). Make appointments [an appointment] with Get used to cf. be used to Midterm midterm election, midterm exams. Uncomfortable uncomfortable chair. Speak out (=speak up; speak loudly, boldly, and freely.) Undergraduate cf. graduate * FUTHER STUDIES * A. Pronunciation, Stress, and Intonation: Flavor, favor / prestigious, courageous Gymnasium, museum/cafeteria, superior graduate Ex. Present, conduct, close This is the last semester before I graduate. Nest fall I will be a graduate student.

Aptitude, consequently, dormitory, standardize. Semester, scholastic, gymnasium, prestigious Cafeteria, university, personality, California B. Word Power: Dormitory : dorm Gymnasium : gym laboratory : lab professor : prof

university president / university hospital / dean / graduate school/ major in/university town. A university is a collection of colleges. While you attend a college, youre an undergraduate student. If you go to a graduate school, youre a graduate student. What are you going to major in at college? My major will be history. Ill be a history major. Where theres a large university, theres university town. C. Useful Expressions: speak out speak up. 1. Students speak out a lot in class. If you dont approve of it, why dont you speak out? I cant hear you. Speak up, please. > Dont be afraid of speaking out. sign up

2. We would sign up for classes in the gymnasium. The actor signed up for a new film production. Yesterday Mr. Brown signed up for his new job. > He signed up for five courses. quite a few (=a considerable number of, a fair number of). 3. There are quite a few foreign students on campus. Quite a few ladies were among the audience. Ive read quite a few science fictions so far. > Quite a few Koreans have a car. by the way 4. Im a psychology major, by the way. By the way, I have some question to ask you. By the way, what is his new address? > By the way, what are you going to do tomorrow? make an appointment with have an appointment with an appointment 5. They can make special appointments with their teachers. I have an appointment with the doctor this afternoon. No sign of him yet! I do like a man to keep on appointment. > Did you make an appointment with him? D. Grammar Review:

 ex. Tiring tired The first week of school is tiring. Students get tired. It was boring evening. Every guest was bored. Praise is pleasing. She will be pleased if praised. Its annoying to miss a train. Who wouldnt be annoyed? The scene was disgusting. We were disgusted with what we saw. We found a surprising fact. Youll be surprised to hear of it. The noise is disturbing do you want us to be disturbed? His explanation was confusing. Everyone looked confused. LESSON 17: AN AMERICAN COLLEGE STUDENT (2) Keys to the Lesson: 1. To look at the hippies, you can hardly help laughing. To hear him talk, youd think there is no place like Paris. To look at these people, you might think theyre hippies. 2. What impressed me (the) most was the beautiful campus. What pleased them (the) most was her graceful manner? What bore me the most are teachers who do not push my thinking in new directions. 3. What good is money when you havent friends? What good is a college education for him/ The parents wonder what good a degree in psychology is. 4. Feeling that I may be safe gives me courage.

Knowing that my English is poor makes me feel uncomfortable. Knowing that I am growing gives me a good feeling. 5. May I ask a favor of you? You may ask anything of me. I will do all that is required of me. No one can ask of me any more that. VOCABULARY WORDS Stimulating - <stimulate. Remark make remarks. Major a politics major Clinic speech clinic - < clinical Mental mental hospital mental disease mental patient - < mentality. Community Delinquent a juvenile delinquent - < delinquency. Part-time a part-time job a part-time teacher. Cf. full-time a full-time teacher. Agency a news agency - an employment agency the Central intelligence Agency C.I.A. Necessity daily necessities - < necessary. Somehow Ex. Somehow I dont like her Independence Quality Administrator Mixture Beard cf. mustache, whisker Bushy Trim [trim] trims ones beard Slacks

Convention The National Convention Stretch Blouse Maximum maximum thermometer opp. Minimum. Flesh flesh and blood put on flesh lose flesh. Expose be exposed to Impatiently - < impatient. Band Outsider opp. Insider Sermon at sermon the Sermon on the Mount Guitar Drum drumbeater Rhythmic Variety unity in variety < various. Poetry Symphonic symphonic poem - < symphony, symphony orchestra. Rehearsal dress rehearsal - < rehearse. Hypertension Sponsor Weekly Theatrical theatrical scenery theater. Dictator Varsity Arab Regular regular army - < regularity. Academic Student-run Legal legal holiday Divorce cf. divorce

Welfare Photography Motion Yoga Workshop Degree doctors degree masters degree, bachelors degree. Ambition ambition for distinction ones ambition to be great musician - < ambitious. Sophomore Definite -a definite answer opp. Indefinite Psychological psychological warfare - < psychology. Encounter group Junior junior college Senior Preparation in preparation for - < prepare. Expand - <expansion. Enlarge - <enlarge. An enlarge photo < enlargement. Awareness - < aware. Become aware of Direction in all directions Profound profound sleep profound meaning. Realization - < realize. Eagerness with eagerness - < eager. Intellectually - < intellectual. Emotionally <emotional.

* FURTHER STUDIES * A. Pronunciation, Stress, and Intonation:

 -ear Beard, fear, rear, Rehearsal, earnest

bear, pear heart, heartily

psychology // psyche // corps // receipt Psychology, Psyche, receipt. Freshman, sophomore, junior, senior, varsity, maximum Rehearsal, symphonic, delinquent, department, photography Academic, intellectual, independence, hypertension. B. Word Power: by Supported by the state Run by the students Sponsored by the BBC Owned by the government Made by hand Rhythm : rhythmic Arab : Arabic Alcohol :alcoholic state-supported student- run BBC-sponsored government-owned handmade academy : academic symphony : symphonic atom : atomic

Bachelors degree, masters degree, Doctors degree, ph. D., Doctor of Philosophy.

When you finish college, youll receive a Bachelors degree. When you finish your courses at a graduate school youll be awarded a Masters degree. Then you may go on studying for a Doctors degree or Ph. D. C. Useful Expressions: go without, do without 1. The woman in the class mostly go without makeup. I have to go without lunch today. I cant do without this dictionary. > Man cannot go without water. and the like. 2. Some have experience in clinics, hospitals, and the like. We enjoyed swimming, fishing, and the like. He has taste for music, painting, and the like. > I like poetry, novels, essays, and the like. talk down to 3. The teacher never talks down to his students. He talked down to the level of his audience. I talked him down saying, Its no joke! > Nobody likes him because he talks down to his students. come down on

4. Maybe life will come down on me rather hard. The teachers come down on him for talking in class. The court will come down heavily on such criminals. > The teacher came down on him for being late. look to 5. I look to the future with eagerness. We look to the day when world peace will be a reality. They look to the younger generation for national prosperity. > He looks to me for help. D. Grammar Review: In case (that) = if In case(=if) it rains, I will not go. unless=if. . . not I will go unless it rains./I will go whether it rains or not. if it should rain if should Should it rain, I will stay home. If I were you if were Were I you, I would not go there.

 But for = Without = If it had not been for. But for/ Without the home run, we would have lost the game. But that = Unless But that But that I saw it, I could not have believed it. so long as =if only So long as it is interesting, any book will do. Suppose (that), Supposing (that) =if Suppose/Supposing that is the case, what shall we do. provided (that), providing (that)=if I will do it provided/providing others do it, too.

LESSON 18: THE TAMING OF THE SHREW Keys to the Lesson: 1. We had hardly got into the builder when it began to rain. I had hardly to the station when the train started. He had hardly spoken when her father cried out in surprise. 2. He was such a fine gentlemen that everybody respected him. The news gave him such a shock that his face turned pale. She had an ungovernable temper that she was always known as Katherine Shrew.

3. The slightest slip of his hand would have killed the patient. The best students in thee class couldnt solve the problem. The poorest service is repaid with thanks. 4. To my surprised/astonishment, I didnt get hurt at all. To our satisfaction, he was elected mayor. To everyones amazement, Katherine talked wisely and gently. 5. Go away at once! she cried, but he would not go. She was extremely hungry, but he would not let her eat. Petruchio wouldnt listen to her. VOCABULARY WORDS William Shakespeare (1564-1616) (King Lear), Romeo and Juliet Tame [teim] tame an animal - < tameless. Shrew (=termagant). Ex. Dont act like a shrew. Playwright [pleirait] (dramatist). A minor playwright Tragedy end in tragedy. < tragic Comedy a serious comedy - < comic. Cf. farce tragic-comedy In all (=altogether, counting everything or everyone). 39 persons in all Adapt Ex. He adapted the novel for the stage. < adaptation. Ungovernable (=uncontrollable). An ungovernable boy Admirer turn the face against every admirer - < admire Bad-tempered (=ill-tempered). A bad-tempered ladyGay [gei] - (=cheerful, merry).

Permission You have my permission to. < permit. Fetch (=bring). Fetch the doctor. Treatment medical treatment Annoy (=anger). Annoyed with. < annoyance. Apology- make an apology make an apology for Curse be cursed with. Gentleness owing to his gentleness - < gentle. Consent give ones consent. Stamp stamp ones foot in[with] anger Madman cf. madwoman Interrupt Ex. Dont interrupt me. < interruption. Storm stormy quarrel Speechless a speechless wonder Frown [fraun] be frowned upon Scold [skould] scold someone for his bad behavior Tearfully go back tearfully - < tearful Rusty a rusty nail - < rust Swords at sword point Miserable in a miserable condition - < misery Stubborn stubborn problems Argument without a single argument Unwillingly (=reluctantly). Accept an offer unwillingly Priest [pri:st] a Buddhist priest Tremble [tremble] Persuade opp. Dissuade. < persuasion Tiring a tiring exercise cf. tired - < tire. Steep a steep slope a steep rise in prices. Fall down fall down over a stone Mud

Pull away from pull the two boxers away from other Mud-stained a mud-stained car Criticize criticize him for a wrong-doing. < criticism. Find fault with (=speak ill of). Find fault with her plan. Fit [fit] be fit to the survival of the fittest. Bedclothes worn-out bedclothes Complain complain about hot weather - < complaint. Cure cure a child of his bad habits Intend intend to come (=coming) - < intention. Grumble (=complain). Grumble at his shortcomings. Repay repay praise with a smile. Send for send for a doctor Tailor -go to a tailor - < tailor made Material raw materials Stain [stein] teeth stained by years of smoking. In time for in time for the play Ex. I was just in time for the train. Set out set out for a journey Horseback ride on horseback a man on horseback. Blessed be blessed with In despair (=desperately). Fall down in despair Unsuccessful- an unsuccessful attempt Boldly [bouldli] go forth boldly - < bold. Obedient an obedient servant. < obedience. Mistress [mistress]. Command (=order). Command the soldiers to attack the enemy In surprise (=surprisingly, suprisedly). Will [ wil]. The will of God against ones will. < willfull Suit Ex. It will suit you. Take off Ex. Take off your coat.

Stupid (=foolish). S stupid behavior - < stupidity Amazement in amazement Dutiful the lack of dutiful public servants. * FUTHER STUDIES * A. Pronunciation, Stress, and Intonation: [w] persuade Sword, answer/swallow, swing, persuade Comfort, forget, information/formal, fortune Carriage, marriage, advantage, sausage, courage Ex. Make a progress Cry for mercy find fault with make a fool or Whether you wish it or not Let it stay! Take off and throw it away. intonation high tone. Ex. Stage, theater, characters. Drama : dramatist Play : playwright Comic : comedy Tragic : tragedy -(s) sion Ex. Invade invasion, - ment Ex. Develop development, -age Ex. Break breakage

 - tragedy, comedy, playwright, dramatist, tragicomedy, musical comedy, comic opera, - tragic actor, comic actress, comic side. Admit : admission Permit : permission Omit : omission Treat : treatment Argue : argument Govern : government Marry : marriage Store : storage Pass : passage Is Shakespeares Hamlet a tragedy or a comedy? Some playwrights or dramatists write tragicomedies. The musical comedy or you may call it come opera was good. He is a tragic its comic side, but a war is a tragedy in every sense of the word. C. Useful Expressions: find fault with (=speak ill of. Criticize, blame). 1. He continued to find fault with everything in the bedroom. You are always trying to find fault with me. Shes always finding fault with the way I do my hair. > It is easy to find fault with others. stamp ones foot 2. Katherine cried, stamping her foot anger. He stamped his foot with rage. He wouldnt forgive anybody.

The old man stamped his foot, scolding everyone around him. > He was angry with me, stamping his foot. cure A of B influenza, flu, a bad cold. 3. His plan was to cure her of her angry tempers. Doctors cure patient of their diseases. At last he was cured of his wound. > I was cured of a bad cold. cry for 4. His servant cried for mercy when Petruchio beat him. The hotel guests caught in the fire cried for help. Johns little brother was crying for some more cake. > The baby is crying for milk. send for 5. He sent for a tailor to bring the clothes he had ordered We must send for the doctor; Mother isnt well. The baggage is to remain here until it is sent for. > We must send for a T.V. repairman D. Grammar Review: hardly when (before), scarcely when (before), no sooner than as soon as The moment(instant) when - that upon on -ing. As soon as he heard the news, he turned pale. We had hardly got there when/before it began to rain.

=Hardly had we got there when/before it began to rain. I had scarcely left home when/ before it began to pour. =Scarcely had I left home when/ before it began to pour. He had no sooner seen me than he ran sway. =On sooner had he seen me than he ran away. The moment/instant he received the message, he came to me. On arriving at the airport, he gave me a call.