Thit k my thu fm TRNG I HC TN C THNG KHOA IN IN T B MN IN T VIN THNG N II THIT K MY THU FM GVHD : PGS-TS Phm Hng Lin SVTH

TH : MSSV : Lp : 08DD2N Li cm n Trc ht em xin cm n c Phm Hng Lin tn tnh hng dn cng nh gip em hon thnh n ny . Gip em cng c li nhng kin thc hc v nng cao hn kin thc ca mnh . Qua n ny em hiu r hn v my thu v nguyn l hot ng ca tng khi mach trong my thu FM m em c hc trong mn in t thng tin .. Em cm n c to iu kin thun li v gip em hon thnh tt ti ny ,c c nhng kin thc quan trng trong thc tin gip chng chng em cm thy vng vng hn cho mc tiu theo ui ca mnh L THUYT nh ngha my thu: My thu l thit b u cui trong h thng thng tin v tuyn in. My thu c nhim v tip nhn v lp li tin tc c cha trong tn hiu chuyn i t my pht di dng song in t. My thu phi loi b cc nhiu khng mong mun, khuch i tn hiu mong mun v sau gii iu ch nhn c thng tin ban u. My thu c rt nhiu tham s, nhng chng ta chng ta ch yu xt cc ch tiu k thut c bn ca my thu nh sau: nhy: biu th kh nng thu tn hiu yu ca my thu. nhy c xc nh bng sc in ng cm ng ti thiu ca tn hiu trn anten m bm cho my thu lm vic bnh thng v c o bng microvolt (v). iu kin lm vic bnh thgn ca my thu l: m bo cng sut ra (in p ra) danh nh. m bo t s tn hiu trn nhiu (S/N). Mun nng cao nhy ca my thu th h s khuch i (AV, AI) ca my phi ln hn v mc tp m ni b ca my phi thp (gim tp m tng u). siu cao tn (f>30 MHz) nhy ca my thu thng c xc nh bng cng sut ch khng phi bng sc in ng cm ng trn anten. chn lc: l kh nng chn p cc dng nhiu khng phi l tn hiu cn thu. Ni cch khc, chn lc l kh nng la chn tn hiu ra khi cc loi nhiu tn ti u vo my thu. V mt s lng, chn lc c k hiu: Ao: h s khuch i tn s fo h s khuch i tn s f chn lc thng c tnh bng n v dexibel: SdB=20logSe i khi ngi ta dng chn lc theo h s: V vy cng nh cng tt My thu l tng c c tuyn hnh ch nht Trong di thng D th A=conts Ngoi di thng D th A=0 Cht lng lp li tin tc: c nh gi bng mo ca tn hiu (mo phi tuyn, mo tn s, mo pha), ch yu l xt mo tn khuch i cng sut m tn sao cho tn hiu ra loa t b mo dng so vi tn hiu a ti b iu ch ca my pht. S khi tng qut ca my thu: S khi may thu khuch i trc tip: Vic nng cao nhy v chn lc ca my thu b hn ch bi nhng l do: S tng khuch i khng th tng ln ty v: S tng cng tng th tnh n nh ca b khuch i cao tn RF cng gim (t k sinh Ccb c th gy t kch) S tng tng th s mch cng hng cng tng, h thng iu chnh cng hng phc tp, cng knh. Tn s cao kh t h s khuch i ln Tn s cng cao th di thng cng rng, lm gim chn lc ca my thu (D=). Mun c di thng hp phi dng mch cng hng c h s phm cht cao, c khi vt qua kh nng ch to S khi tng qut ca my thu i tn (FM): Tn hiu cao tn c iu ch (AM, FM, PM) nhn c t anten qua mch vo qua b khuch i cao tn RF c a vo b i tn bin thaanhf tng s tn hiu khc gi l tn s trung gian, nhng quy lut iu ch vn khng thay i. NHIM V CC KHI: Mch vo: l mch ni lin anten vi u vo ca tng u tin ca my thu, n c nhim v chuyn tn hiu cao tn nhn c t anten thu n tng u tin v m nhi 1 phn chn lc ca my thu. Mch vo bao gm 3 thnh phn: H thng cng hng (n hoc kp) c th iu chnh tn s cn thu. Mch ghp vi ngun tn hiu ca mch vo (anten). Mch ni vi ti ca mch vo. B trn tn: l qu trnh tc ng ln 2 tn hiu sao cho trn u ra b trn tn nhn c cc thnh phn tn s tng v hiu ca 2 tn hiu . Phn tch my thu FM: Mch vo my thu: Mch vo l mch in ni lin anten vi u vo ca tng u tin ca my thu. N c nhim v chuyn tn hiu cao tn nhn c t anten thu n tng u tin v m nhim mt phn chn lc ca my thu. Mch vo bao gm 3 thnh phn: H thng cng hng (n hoc kp) c th iu chnh n tn s cn thu. Mch ghp vi ngun tn hiu ca mch vo (anten). Mch ghp vi ti ca mch vo (tn khuch i cao tn u tin). iu chnh cng hng mch vo, ngi ta thng s dng cc t in c in dung C bin i v chng d ch to chnh xc hn l cun dy c in cm bin i. Do phm vi bin i ca t in ln Cmax/Cmin, bn chc, n nh (do C t bin i theo iu kin bn ngoi). Cc mch ghp anten vi mch cng hng vo: Mch cng hng ghp in dung ngoi vi anten: Loi mch ny rt n gin nhng t c s dng do cn mang mt s khuyt im Ap v Av thp ph thuc nhiu vo tn s. khc phc ta thng chn cch ghp vi t C c gi tr 0 10 pF. Mch cng hng ghp in dung trong vi anten: Mch ny c h s truyn t Av=const, nhng Av v Ap thp, h s mc mch ph thuc vo tn s, d thng th Cgh >> C C quyt nh tn s ca mch cng hng. Dng mch ny thng dng trong cc b khuch i tn s trung gian. Mch cng hng ghp bin p t ngu vi anten: Dng mch ny c ghp c nh (Ap 1), cho nn i vi siu cao tn th h s tp m rt nh. V vy cch ghp ny thng dng tn s siu cao, ngoi ra cn dng vi b khuch i dng Transistor tn hao cng sut mch vo t. Mch cng hng ghp bin p vi anten: Dng mch ny dng nhiu trong my thu. ghp gia anten v mch cng hng quyt nh bi h cm M ch khng phi do Lgh. Ghp h cm th h s truyn t ph thuc vo tn s, cn ghp khng ph thuc vo tn s, nn thng dng trong mch khuch i cao tn. Cc mch ghp vi ti ca mch vo cng gm ghp bin p. Mch khuch i cao tn: B ny c nhim v khuch i tn hiu iu ch cao tn n mt gi tr nht nh ri a xung khi pha sau. Cc dng mch: Khi khuch i cao tn trong my thu c cu to nh cc mch c bn trn, ti ca khuch i cao tn c th l bin tr, cun cm hoc mch cng hng. Nu ti l in tr th h s khuch i ca tng s tng i ng u i vi mi tn s. Tn s cng cao th h s khuch i cng gim nhng khng nhiu. Nu tin ti tn s ct th h s khuch i s gim nhanh. Khi ti l cun cm th khi tn s cng cao, h s khuch i ca tng cng tng. Tt nhin tn s cng khng th vt qu tn s ct, bn cnh cn b hn ch bi in dung ca cun cm. Khi ti l mch cng hng th h s khuch i s ln nht tn s cng hng ca mch (f0), cn cc tn s khc th khng c khuch i. Tn s cng hng c th iu chnh c nh trong my thu khuch i trc tip hoc iu chnh c nh mt tn s nh khuch i trung tn trong my thu i tn. So vi mch cng hng th c h s khuch i ln nhiu ln so vi ti in tr hay cun cm. Ghp tng: Trong phn khuch i cao tn v khuch i trung tn th kiu ghp tn bng bin p l ph bin nht. i vi mch mc BC th tr khng ra ca tng nh so vi tr khng ra ca mch cng hng. C th ghp sang tng sau theo kiu bin p, t bin p hay ghp in dung. Ngoi ra cn dng cc kiu ghp in tr, in dung hay ghp trc tip gia cc tng. B khuch i cao tn lm vic tn s cao, u vo v ra u l khung cng hng nn d gy t kch. Nguyn nhn l do ghp k sinh gia u vo v u ra. tn lm vic n nh th thng dng nhng bin php sau: Gim h s khuch i ca tng. Dng mch hi tip m, v d mc vo emitter mt in tr RE. Mc thm mt in tr ni tip vi collector hay mt in tr song song vi mch cng hng. B trn tn: B trn tn: l qu trnh tc ng ln hai tn hiu sao cho

trn u ra b trn tn nhn c cc thnh phn tn s tng v hiu ca hai tn hiu . Mch trn tn dng Transistor c th mc theo s EC hoc BC. S BC thng c dng trong phm vi tn s cao v siu cao, v tn s gii hn ca n cao. Cc mch trn tn c mc theo s y ko c nhiu u im hn so vi s n: Mo phi tuyn nh do hi bc chn b trit tiu. Ph tn hiu ra hp. Lin h gia mch tn hiu v mch ngoi sai t. Kh nng xut hin iu ch giao thoa thp. Mch trung tn v tch song: Nhim v ch yu ca b tch sng l di ph t min tn s cao v min tn s thp ng thi lm bin i c cu ca ph tn hiu. thc hin vic ny ta phi dng cc phn t phi tuyn (diode, transtor) v cc phn t tuyn tnh c tham s bin i tun hon theo thi gian. Ni tm li l mch tch tn hiu m tn ra khi tn hiu iu ch v khi phc li tn hiu m tn ban u. Ph thuc vo phng thc iu ch ta c hai loi mch tch song: tch sng tn hiu iu bin (tch sng bin ), tch sng tn hiu iu tn (tch sng tn s). Cc yu cu ca khi tch sng: H s truyn t phi cao. Tr khn vo ca b tch sng phi nh. mo ca tn hiu phi nh. H s chn lc cao tn phi nh. S IC mch trung tn v tch sng MC 3361B: Chn 1: Lm vic vi tn s f=10.245 MHz Chn 2: Crystal OSC: dao ng ni dng thch anh lm vic vi tn s f=10.245 MHz Chn 3: T b trn tn a ra tn hiu. Chn 4: L ngun cung cp ca b trn c ni tip vi in tr 18 K v n u ra ca b trn. Chn 5: L u vo ca b gii hn khuch i bin . Chn 6, 7: c tch ring ra t b gii hn v a n dy iu ch. Chn 8: a vo xung quanh bn trong di iu ch. Chn 9: Thu tn hiu audio a vo b khuch i cao tn Chn 10: u vo ca b lc bin t cc m. Chn 11: Tn hiu a ra t b trn. Chn 12, 13, 14: Trong mch thit k my thu FM tng t ta khng s dng. Chn 15: Ni mass. Chn 16: Ni b lc trung tm. Demodulation: di iu bin. Mixer: b trn. Limiter amp: b hn ch bin . Filter amp: b lc bin . Aflame: b khuch i AF. B khuch i cng sut m tn: Tng khuch i cng sut m tn c nhim v a ra ti cng sut theo yu cu. Ch lm vic thng c la chn hiu sut cao nht l ch lp A hoc B. Dng mch thng dng l y ko Push-Pull v mc E chung, C chung. Cc mch khuch i cng sut m tn thng c s dng l OTL, OCL, BTL Ngy nay ngi ta thng dng cc mch IC c tch hp gim bt s phc tp cho my thu. Mch khuch i cng sut m tn dng IC LA4280: IC LA4280 gm 2 mch OTL c cung cp ngun n +Vcc. Chn 2 v chn 7 c cc t dn tn hiu hi tip nghch xung mass tng li Chn 3 v 6 nh tn hiu vo 2 knh. Chn 11 v 13 l 2 ng dn tn hiu ra loa qua t, ti y c mch lc Cz v Rz. Chn 4 l chn n p ngun cho cc tng bn trong ca IC. Chn 12 l chn cp ngun. Chn 5, 10 v 14 l chn ni mass. Chn 1 v 8 l cc ng b pha cho tn hiu. Yu cu bi: Tn s tn hiu thu 10MHz in p ngun 10(V) H s ghp mch vo 0.4 Tn s trung tn 10.7MHz Sc in ng EA 100V Cng sut ra trn ti 10W/10 Loi mch dao ng Clapp Kiu mc mch dao ng BC 1. Tnh ton phn vo mch thu: Ta c: = v = = 2 (1) f <30 Mhz anten c do anten c nh (l = cosnt) nhng tn s li thay i (ng vi sng di, trung, v ngn). Thng c =2060,=1030H, =50250pF. Nn ta chn tr khng anten: =50. => ==50. => = = =4.97(H) => Chn: = 56(nH) in tr cng hng tng ng ng vo: Rtd1 = 2pfRF Q0.L= 2px10x106x100x56.10-9 = 352 (W). Ta c : f0==> = Ta c : m= => =>Chn: C1=12(nF) Ctd= =>Chn: C2=7.5(nF) ch 1 chiu Rlc ng vai tr lc ngun v thng c gi tr vi trm ohm =>chn Rlc=1(k) Ta c : => Clc Vy ta chn Clc=180(pF) 2. Mch khuch i cng sut cao tn RF: Chn transistor Q1 = 2SC1214 c cc thng s k thut sau: Vmax = 20V. Imax = 0,03A Pcmax = 0.6W hfe = 90 fT = 50 MHz. Chn : =1 mA = (0,1 0,3) VCC VCC = VCC - ICQ1.RLoc = 10 1.10-3.103 = 9 (V) Suy ra : = 0,1 VCC = 0,1. 9 = 0.9(V) Suy ra : Chn Ta c : Vbb1=V+ICQ1xR3=0.7 +10-3 x 103=1.7(V) Vy R1=Rb1x Chn R1=12(k) R2=Rb1 x Chn R2= 56(k) ch xoay chiu : Ta c : f= fRF = 10MHz < 3 x f=1.65 MHz Vy mch hot ng tn s trung bnh. V hot ng ch lp A nn gc ct q = 1800. Chn xA =( 0,4 0,45) = 0,4 Vcm1 = xA VCC = 0,4.9 = 3.6 (V) Ta c g0(q) = g1(q)= Thnh phn 1 chiu ca xung dng collector: ICO = ICO1 = 1 (mA) Dng hi bc nht trn collector: . in tr cng hng tng ng ca khung cng ra: Rtd1 = Cng sut ra trn ti : PL1= L1= CC= H s khuych i dng in hai di tn s trung bnh. ||= Cng sut ngun cung cp : PCC = ICo.Vcc = 10-3 x 9= 9mW. Hiu sut : = Ta c : Zin1=Rb1//hie1 M : hie1=1.4xhfe1x=1.4x90x0.025x =3150() Zin1= 9k//3.15k=2.3(k) T C3 l t lin lc dng ghp mch u vo vi tng khuch i C3 Chn C3=68(pF) T C4 l t bypass n nh nhit v tng li cho transistor Q1: Chn ZC4 R3 C4 Chn C4=150(pH) T s tng ng tn hiu nh ta c : C5 = CC (CM2 +Cbe2).a2 M : CM = (1+gm.ZL ) . Cbc Vi : gm = 40.ICQ1 v ZL = Zi2 = 1837 () Suy ra : V C5 = CC (CM2 +Cbe2).a2 =18-(67+1)x =15.28(pF) Chn C5 =15 (pF). 3.Mch trn tn : Chn transistor c c Q2:2SC3099 thng s k thut sau: Vmax = 20 V Imax = 0,03 A Pcmax = 0,15 W hfe = 80 ft = 3000 MHz ch 1 chiu: Chn = 5 mA VR7 = 0,1 x Vcc = 0,1 x 10= 1 (V) Suy ra: R6= = `=> Chn : R6 =220 W Ta c : Rb2 = . hfe.R6 = . 80. 220 = 1.76(KW) VBB = 0,7 + . R6 = 0,7 + 5.10-3. 220 =1.8(V) Vy R4 = R5 = Chn R4=2.2(k) v R5 =10(k) Ta c : hie2=1.4xhfe2x=1.4 x 80 x 0.025 x =560() Rin =Rb2//hie2 =1760 // 560 = 424.8() ZC6 Chn C6 = 390 (pF) T C8 l t bypass lm tng li v n nh nhit : ZC8 Chn C8 = 680 (pF) ch xoay chiu : RtC LC Cb gmVbe CC Lb Rtb Cb.a2 rbe a2 S tng ng tn hiu nh : fb = = = 37,5 MHz suy ra: fIF = 10,7 MHz < 0,3. fb = 11,25 MHz Vy mch hot ng tn s thp ch A gc ct q = 1800 Chn xA =0.4 Suy ra Vcm2 = xA x VCC = 0,4.10 = 4 (V) (q) = = = 1 (q) = = = 1 ICO = ICO2 = 5 (mA) Dng hi bc nht trn collector: . in tr cng hng tng ng ca khung cng hng : Cng sut trn ti: PL2 = Vcm2(Q2). Icm2(Q2) = . 4V. 5mA = 10mW L2 = = Chn C7=1 (nF) Cng sut ngun cung cp: Pcc = Ico. Vcc = 5 x 10-3 x 10= 50(mW) Hiu sut : h = = = 0.2=20% 4.Mch dao ng CLAPP mc BC Chn transistor Q3 = 2SC1417 vi cc thong s sau: Pmax = 0,6W VCemax = 20V. ICmax = 0,03 A hfe = 90 fT = 300MHz. Chn L2 =20 (mH) ,R0 =100 () ,V0 =0.5(V) Chn ICQ3 =5mA VCC = VCC V0 = 10 0.5 = 9.5 (V) VR7 =0.1 x VCC =0.1 x 9.5=0.95 (V) Vy : R7 = Chn R7 =220() VBB = Vg + R7 .ICQ3 = 0,7 + 220 x 5 x1 0-3 = 1.8(V). Vy Chn R8 = 2.2 (kW). R9 = 12(kW). Tr khng vo: hie3 = 1,4hfe. Ch xoay chiu: f0 =20.7 MHz. f0= 20.7 MHz > 3fb = 9.9 MHz. Vy mch hot ng tn s cao. Ta khng th tnh cc Lk sinh v vy phi dung s mc B chung fa = ft = 300MHz f0 = 20.7 < 0,3.fa =90 MHz. V y l s B.C nn chn n =0.1 = Chn L = 1mH Ctd = Ta chn C0 =68(pF) Nhng Chn C0 = 68 pF C0 quyt nh f0 trong mch C10 = 0,1C10 + 0,1C11 = 0,1C10 + 0.446.10-9 0,9C10 = 0.446nF C10 = 0.495nF. Chn C10 =0.56 nF v C11 =4.7 nF H s khuch i ca s mc B.C: h21b hfb 1; RK = w0LQ0 = 130.106.10-6.100 = 13(kW) iu kin bin mch dao ng t kch: `=> Mch dao ng. V y l mch 3 im in dung tha iu kin cn bng pha: X1 = - = - = - 13.73 X2 = = - = - 1.63 X3 = w. L = 2p. 20,7.106. 1.10-6 = 130.06 (W Ta c : Zc12 = . (Rb // hie) = . (1980 // 630) = 47.79(W) Suy ra: C12 = Chn C12 = 180(pF) ZC14 C14 Chn C14 =820(pF) C13 l t chng t kch nn C13 = Vy C13 =82 (pF) T C9 l t lin lc gia tng dao ng ni v trung tn, v vy C9 c tnh nh sau: Chon : Chn C9 = 1.8(nF) 5. Mch khuch i cng sut m tn : . R11 ,C19 l mch lc zobel c tc dng chng mo dng v tn s ,cn bng ti cho tng khuch i vi mi tn s tn hiu ra loa trung thc hn. Thng ta chn R11 RL =10 ().Vy ta chn R11 =12() Ta c : C19 Chn C19 =0.75(F) . C20 l t tch tn hiu ra ti, thng chn C20 rt ln C20 Chn C20 =270(F) . Ngun cung cp : PL = . Mt khc : PL =0.5 x I2LM x RL ILM = (A) =>IL = ICQ = =>PCC =VCC x ICQ=10 x 1=10(W) . Hiu sut ca b khuch i : . C17 l t lc ngun, chn C17 =470(F) . C18 l t dn tn hiu hi tip nghch xung mass tng li Chn

C18 =100(F) . C16 l t lc tn hiu cho cc phn bn trong Chon C16 =100(F) . C15 l t lin lc, chn C15 =1(F) NHN XT CA GVHD