James Wooten Student ID: 0427784 BPR 111 Assignment # 1 Unit 12 October 14, 2013

Residential Framing
In residential framing, wood is the most common used item for this type of building. Because of it light weight, wood is relatively weak compared to steel or concrete. Wood spaced every 12 to 24 on center. Weight of the floor is supported by the wall. Floor framing has four major parts: Sill plate, Header, Joists and Subfloor. Sill plate: in construction and architecture is the bottom horizontal member of a wall or building to which vertical members are attached. Other names are ground plate, ground sill, groundsel, and mud sill. Sill plates are usually composed of lumber but can be any material. The timber at the top of a wall is often called a top plate, pole plate, wall plate or simply "the plate". Header: headers (called lintels by architects) run horizontally over the top of door and window rough openings and support the weight of floor joists, ceiling joists, and rafters from above. Each header has a king stud nailed to either end and a cripple nailed under each end unless the header is over five feet long then the cripple is doubled up. The header is the same size as the joists that attach to it. Joists: a joist is one of the horizontal supporting members that run from wall to wall, wall to beam, or beam to beam to support a ceiling, roof, or floor. It may be made of oriented strand board, plywood, wood, steel, or concrete. Subfloor: is affixed to the floor joists and provides the surface on which the underlayment for the final finished floor will rest. Plywood, tongue-and groove boards, common boards, and other panel products are used for subfloors. In some areas, there is a trend to combine the subfloor and underlayment into a single thickness. Wall Framing: have three basis types, Platform framing, Balloon framing, and Post and Beam. Platform framing known as western framing is most widely used because the first floor is built on top of the foundation. In platform framing, the sill is the starting point in constructing a floor. A still is the lowest member of the frame of a structure.

Balloon framing was once used extensively, but in recent years has diminished in importance. The feature of balloon framing is wall studs rest directly on the sill plate and each floor hangs from the studs. Two advantages of balloon framing are small potential shrinkage and good vertical stability

Works Cited Walter C. Brown and Daniel P. Dorfmueller: Print Reading for Construction Copy wright 2013 by GoodheartWillcox Publishing