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A STATISTICAL MODEL FOR THE 2G,

GSM COMMUNICATION SYSTEM IN


UTTARAKHAND USING MULTIPLE
REGRESSION TECHNIQUE

Meenal Sharma
Assistant Professor
GRD-IMT, Dehradun
Meenals74@yahoo.com

Rakesh Mohan
Professor, deptt of mathematics
DIT, Dehradun
rkmohan2k4@yahoo.com

Abstract
This paper introduces a statistical model by using the statistical methods in 2G,GSM communication system.
Multiple regression formula is to calculate path loss. It is assumed that hb,W and are three statistical variables.
We use nakagami distribution to model hb,W and uniform distribution to model .
Key Words- 2G, GSM, Multiple regression, nakagami distribution, uniform distribution.
1.Introduction
Regression analysis is a popular multivariate analysis methodology in many sciences. It has been used typically
in a multivariate environment[3]. The strength of regression analysis is the ability to capture multiple
relationships simultaneously. We use multiple regression techniques in wireless communication technology
from the first (1G) to fourth (4G) generations. It is not apply the multiple regression formula in every urban and
suburban area, because the average rooftop level hb, the road width W and the road angle .may be different.
The statistical approach can solve above problems. In many studies the formula be used indifferent areas, but
only one parameter is variable in each simulation. In this study three parameters rooftop level, road width, and
the road angle are estimated at the same time. It will more applicable in the real circumstances. Numerous
probability distribution techniques like Rayleigh ,Rician, Gaussian, uniform etc are there to calculate the path
loss in different conditions. The rician distribution occurs frequently in the applied sciences. It had been studied
often in the content of wireless communication. This paper use Nakagami distribution. The Nakagami
distribution function is selected because it can be reduced to Gaussian distribution, Rayleigh distribution and
rice distribution. The physical characteristics of the building and the street width have these distribution.
However, it is not appropriate to apply the multiple regression formula in every urban and suburban area ,
Meenal Sharma et al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST)
ISSN : 0975-5462 Vol. 3 No. 7 July 2011 6026
because the average rooftop level ,the road width and the road angle may be different. The statically approach
[4] can solve above problem.
2. Formula description
a. Multiple regression formula
Multiple regression formula [1] is described by the expanded sakagami formula [2]. The expanded sakagami
formula is shown below by equation 1. Loss = 100 7.1 logW + 0.023 +7.5 log h
B -
_24.S7 -
S.7 [
b
B
b
b
,
2
_
log hb +{4S.42 -S.1lob (b
b
)]log d +20 log (f) ---------------(1)
Where
Loss=propagation loss [db]
d=distance between transmitter to receiver [m]
W =road width [m]
=road angle [deg]
b
B
=average building heiggt [m]
b
b
=height of transmitter antenna [m]
f=frequency [MHz]
b
m
=height of receiver antenna =2 meter
Multiple regression formula is derived by [1] for urban areas and the formula is verified through a comparison
with the simplified expanded sakagami formula shown by equation (1).
The frequency range of the regression formula is from 900 MHz to 1800 MHz. the distance range is 0.1 to 5 km.
the range in the base station height is from 10m to 100m. The multiple regression equation is shown in equation
(2).
Loss=42 log(d) 30 log (Hb) +21 log (f) +0.3 0.003
2
-9 log (w)-5 log [
bm
1.S
, +54 -----(2)
In this regression formula hm is the height of receiver antenna. Other parameter definition is same as equation
(1).
The path loss for the regression formula is shown in table 1 and fig.1 for W=9.1439, hB=8 mt, hb=24 mt,
f=900MHz, hm= 2mt.



Meenal Sharma et al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST)
ISSN : 0975-5462 Vol. 3 No. 7 July 2011 6027
Table-1
Distance(m) Path loss Path loss
=45 =90
500 200.45 195.72
1000 213.09 208.37
1500 220.49 215.76
2000 225.73 221.01
2500 229.80 225.08
3000 233.135 228.41
3500 235.94 231.22
4000 238.38 231.22
4500 240.53 235.80
5000 242.53 237.72


Fig.1 the variation of path loss as a function of d
b. the estimation of some parameters in regression formula
the regression formula can predict the path loss for suburban areas on 2G frequency. In this study, the variation
boundaries of three parameters are h
B
W and evaluated at the same time. We assume that the parameters of h
B
W and are evaluated at the same time.We assume that the parameters of h
B
W and in (2) are static. This
paper use nakagami distribution to model h
B ,
W and uniform distribution to model The nakagami distribution
function has the probability density function[5]
F
x
(x) =
2

x
2-1
()

e
-
x
2


Meenal Sharma et al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST)
ISSN : 0975-5462 Vol. 3 No. 7 July 2011 6028
With shape parameter and scale parameter 1, for x 1. If x has a nakagami distribution with parameters
and , then x
2
has a gamma distribution with shape parameter m and scale parameter

, .
If =1 , the nakagami distribution is reduced to Rayleigh distribution[6] whose probability density function is
F
x
(x) =
2x

e
-
x
2


If =
(1 +k)
2
(2k +1)
_ , the nakagami distribution reduced to Rice distribution whose PDF is [7]
F
x
(x) =
x

e
-_
x
2
+
2
2
_
I
o
[
x


Where I
o
(z) is the modified Bessel function of the first kind with order zero.
If , the Nakagami distribution is reduced to Gaussian distribution whose PDF is [8]
F
x
(x) =
2
2r
e
-
x
2
2

3.The simulation result
The path loss of the regression formula is simulated at the frequency of 900 MHz. In the simulation the
average rooftop level h
B
, the road width W and the road angle are modeled as random variable because these
parameters are not constancy at different areas.
There are two sets of parameter which are used in simulation. In fig.4 and fig.5
We calculate PDF and CDF for the path loss. We use the following distribution for h
B
W and .
- Nakagami distribution function for h
B
with shape parameter and scale parameter =1.
- Nakagami distribution function for W with =1, =1.
- uniform distribution function for with the range from 0 to 2.


Fig 4 Probability distribution function for path loss

Meenal Sharma et al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST)
ISSN : 0975-5462 Vol. 3 No. 7 July 2011 6029

Fig 5 cumulative distribution function for path loss

In fig.6 and fig.7 to calculate PDF and CDF for path loss we use
- Nakagami distribution function for h
B
with shape parameter =100 and scale parameter =3.
- Nakagami distribution function for W with , =1.
- uniform distribution function for with the range from 0 to 2.
The parameters h
B
W and can choose other values according to the different circumstances.

Fig6 Probability density function for path loss


Fig7 Cumulative distribution function for path loss

Meenal Sharma et al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST)
ISSN : 0975-5462 Vol. 3 No. 7 July 2011 6030
Apart from this we also calculate the other quantities which are required for error correction in digital
communication system. These quantities are the level crossing rate and the average duration of fades.
For level crossing rate and average duration of fades it is assumed that the vehicle circles the base station at the
rate of 36 km per hour. All three parameters b
B ,
W and are variables at the same time, where
- b
B ,
conforms to Nakagami distribution function with and W=1.
- W confirms to Nakagami distribution function with =1, =1.
- is modeled with the uniform distribution function with range from 0 to 2.
Fig 8 and fig 9 show the level crossing rate and the average duration of fade of the regression formula.

Fig 8 level crossing rate


Fig 9 average duration of fade

IV. Conclusion-
This paper proposes a statistical model for 2G,GSM communication system based on the multiple regression
formula, which can be used to predict the path loss in suburban areas. The probability density function,
cumulative distribution function, level crossing rate and the average duration of fade are studied combining the
Meenal Sharma et al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST)
ISSN : 0975-5462 Vol. 3 No. 7 July 2011 6031
statical analysis with the multiple regression formula. The model introduced in this paper is a useful tool for the
design and analysis of data transmission scheme of the 2G mobile communication system.

REFERENCES
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[8] Gaussian function, FromWikipedia, the free encyclopedia






Meenal Sharma et al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST)
ISSN : 0975-5462 Vol. 3 No. 7 July 2011 6032

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