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C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Mc lc Mc lc ............................................................................ .........................................................1 Ch-ng I: Tng quan v Autocad ....................................................... .....................................5 I.1.

Gii thiu v AutoCAD ........................................................... ...................................................5 I.1.1. Kh nng v AutoCAD ........................................................... ............................................................ 5 I.1.2. Cc th h AutoCAD............................................................. ............................................................. 6

I.2. Ci t v khi ng AutoCad ........................................................... ......................................6 I.2.1. Nhng yu cu v thit b............................................................ ........................................................ 6 I.2.2. Ci t AutoCAD ............................................................... ................................................................6 I.2.3. Khi ng AutoCAD ............................................................. ............................................................. 6 I.2.4. Mn hnh giao din AutoCAD .................................................... ........................................................ 7 I.3. Nhp lnh v d liu................................................................. ..................................................7 I.3.1. Cch nhp lnh................................................................. .................................................................. 7 I.3.2. Cc h to ...................................................................... ................................................................ 9 I.3.3. Cc kiu d liu trong AutoCAD. ................................................. .................................................... 11 I.4. Cc lnh thit lp ban u. ........................................................... ...........................................12

I.4.1. Lnh Help: ................................................................ ....................................................................... 12 I.4.2. Cc phm chc nng th-ng dng ...................................................... ............................................... 12

I.4.3. Cc lnh lm vic vi tp bn v:..................................................... .............................................. 13

I.4.4. Lnh nh n v bn v Lnh Units ................................................. ..................................... 15

I.4.5. nh gii hn bn v Lnh Limits.................................................... ........................................... 16 Ch-ng II: Cc lnh v c bn .............................................................. .................................17

II.1. Cc ph-ng php nhp to im....................................................... ..........................17 Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 1

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD II.2. Lnh v im Lnh Point ............................................................ ........................................18

II.3. Lnh v -ng thng Lnh Line ....................................................... ...............................18

II.4. V -ng thng nh h-ng - Lnh Xline ................................................ ........................18

II.5. Lnh v -ng trn Lnh Circle ...................................................... ................................19 II.6. Lnh v cung trn Lnh ARC........................................................ .....................................21 II.7. V hnh ch nht Lnh RECTANG ...................................................... ...........................24 II.8. Lnh v a tuyn Lnh PLINE ........................................................ .................................24 II.9. V hnh a gic u .......................27

Lnh POLYGON.....................................................

Ch-ng III: Cc ph-ng php nhp im chnh xc OBJECT SNAP (OSNAP) ...............28

III.1. Cc ph-ng php truy bt im ca i t-ng (Objects Snap) ........................... ......28 III.1.1. ENDpoint:.............................................................. ........................................................................ 29 III.1.2. CENter:................................................................ .......................................................................... 29 III.1.3. INTersection: ......................................................... ......................................................................30 III.1.4. MIDpoint: ............................................................. ....................................................................... 30 III.1.5. NEArest: .............................................................. ........................................................................ 30

III.1.6. NODe: ................................................................. ........................................................................ 30 III.1.7. QUAdrant:.............................................................. ....................................................................... 31 III.1.8. TANgent: .............................................................. ........................................................................ 31 III.1.9. PERpendicular:......................................................... ..................................................................... 31 III.1.10. INSert: .............................................................. ........................................................................... 32 III.1.11. APPint (Apparent intersection)........................................ ............................................................. 32 III.1.12. FROm:................................................................. ........................................................................ 32 III.1.13. Tracking: ............................................................ ......................................................................... 33

III.1.14. Cc v d s dng cc ph-ng thc truy bt im ................................... ............................ 34

III.2. Gn ch truy bt im th-ng tr (Lnh Osnap, Ddosnap)............................. .....35 Ch-ng IV: Cc lnh hiu chnh - V nhanh................................................... ....................36

IV.1. Cc ph-ng php la chn i t-ng..................................................... ...........................36

IV.2. cc lnh tr gip v i t-ng......................................................... ...................................39 IV.2.1 Xo cc i t-ng - Lnh Erase ...................................................... ................................................ 39

IV.2.2. Phc hi cc i t-ng b xo - Lnh Oops............................................ ................................... 39

IV.2.3. Hu b v thc hin lnh - Lnh Undo, U ............................................. ..................................... 40 IV.2.4. Lnh Redo ................................................................ .................................................................... 40

IV.3. Cc lnh hiu chnh i t-ng ......................................................... ....................................41 IV.3.1. Di chuyn cc i t-ng - Lnh Move ................................................ ......................................... 41

IV.3.2. Xn mt phn i t-ng nm gia hai i t-ng giao nhau - Lnh Trim, Extrim ......... .. 41

IV.3.3. Xn mt phn i t-ng nm gia hai im chn - Lnh Break .......................... ............... 44 IV.3.4. Ko di i t-ng - Lnh Extend .................................................... ............................................... 46

IV.3.5. Quay i t-ng xung quanh mt im - Lnh Rotate .................................... ............................ 47

IV.3.6. Thay i kch th-c theo t l - Lnh Scale ......................................... ....................................... 48

IV.3.7. Thay i chiu di i t-ng - Lnh Lengthen ........................................ ................................. 49

IV.3.8. Di chuyn v ko gin cc i t-ng - Lnh Stretch .................................. ............................... 50 IV.3.9. Di v quay i t-ng - Lnh Align.................................................. ............................................. 51 IV.4. Cc lnh v nhanh i t-ng........................................................... ......................................53 IV.4.1. To cc i t-ng song song - Lnh Offset .......................................... ........................................ 53

IV.4.2. V ni tip hai i t-ng bi cung trn - Lnh Fillet ............................... .............................. 54

IV.4.3. Vt mp cc cnh - Lnh Chamfer .................................................. ............................................. 57 Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 2

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD IV.4.4. Sao chp cc i t-ng - Lnh Copy ................................................. ........................................... 60 IV.4.5. Php i xng trc - Lnh Mirror ................................................... ............................................ 61 IV.4.6. Sao chp i t-ng theo dy - Lnh Array ........................................... .......................................... 62

Ch-ng V: Qun l cc i t-ng trong bn v................................................. ...............65 V.1. Lp (Layer), mu v -ng nt.......................................................... ....................................65

V.1.1. To v hiu chnh lp bng hp thoi Layer Properties Manager......................... ........................ 66 1. To Layer mi.................................................................... .............................................................. 66 2. Tt, m Layer (ON/OFF) .......................................................... ..................................................... 67

3. ng v lm tan bng ca mt Layer (Freeze/Thaw) ......................................... ........................... 67 4. Kho v m kho cho lp (Lock/Unlock) ................................................. ..................................... 67 5. Thay i mu ca lp................................................................... ..................................................... 67 6. Gn dng -ng cho lp ................................................................ ................................................... 68 7. Xo lp (Delete)................................................................. .............................................................. 68 8. Gn lp hin hnh (Curent)........................................................... .................................................... 68

V.1.2. Qun l -ng nt bng hp thoi Linetype Manager.....................................

............................. 69

V.1.3. iu khin lp bng thanh cng c Object Properties................................... ................................. 70

V.1.4. Cc dng -ng nt trong bn v k thut theo TCVN ................................... ........................... 71

V.2. Hiu chnh cc tnh cht ca i t-ng ................................................. ...........................73 V.2.1. Thay i lp bng thanh cng c Object Properties ................................... ..................................... 73 V.2.2. Lnh Change................................................................ ................................................................... 73 V.2.3. Lnh Properties ........................................................... ................................................................... 73 V.3. Ghi v hiu chnh vn bn............................................................ ..........................................74 V.3.1. To kiu ch - Lnh Style........................................................ ........................................................ 74

V.3.2. Nhp on vn bn vo bn v - Lnh Mtext............................................. ................................. 75 V.3.3. Hiu chnh vn bn............................................................... ........................................................... 77 V.3.3.1. Kim tra li chnh t - Lnh Spell .............................................. ........................................... 77 V.3.3.2. Lnh DDedit ............................................................. ............................................................. 77

V.4. Hnh ct, mt ct v v k hiu vt liu................................................ ..........................78 V.4.1. V mt ct bng lnh Bhatch ....................................................... .................................................. 79

V.4.2. Trnh t v mt ct bng lnh Bhatch .................................................

............................................ 83 V.4.3. Hiu chnh mt ct - Lnh Hatchedit ............................................... .............................................. 84 Ch-ng VI: Ghi kch th-c............................................................. ........................................85 VI.1. Ghi kch th-c i t-ng............................................................ ...........................................85 VI.1.1. Cc thnh phn kch th-c ........................................................ ..................................................... 85

VI.1.2. Cc khi nim c bn khi ghi kch th-c ............................................. ......................................... 86 VI.1.3. Trnh t ghi kch th-c ........................................................ ........................................................... 87 VI.1.4. Cc nhm lnh ghi kch th-c...................................................... .................................................. 87 VI.1.5. Ghi kch th-c thng ......................................................... ............................................................. 89

VI.1.6. Ghi kch th-c h-ng tm (Bn knh, -ng knh) ..................................... .............................. 90 VI.1.7. Ghi kch th-c gc - Lnh DIMANGULAR ........................................... .................................... 91 VI.1.8. Ghi chui kch th-c ......................................................... ............................................................. 91 VI.1.9. Ghi dung sai hnh dng v v tr - Lnh TOLERANCE .................................. ............................. 92 VI.1.10. Ghi kch th-c theo -ng dn - Lnh LEADER ....................................... ......................92

VI.1.11. Ghi ta mt im - Lnh DIMORDINATE ............................................. ............................ 92 VI.1.12. Hiu chnh ch s kch th-c ......................................................

................................................. 93

VI.2. Kiu kch th-c v cc bin kch th-c................................................. ............................95 VI.2.1. To kiu kch th-c bng lnh Ddim.................................................. ............................................ 95 Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 3

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD

VI.2.2. Gn cc bin kch th-c bng hp thoi............................................... ....................................... 96

VI.2.3. Thit lp cc kiu kch th-c theo TCVN trong bn v mu............................. ...................... 101

Ch-ng VII: Cc lnh v v hiu chnh nng cao .............................................. .............102 VII.1. Cc lnh v v to hnh.............................................................. ........................................102 VII.1.1. V -ng thng - Lnh Xline ..................................................... ............................................... 102 VII.1.2. V na -ng thng - Lnh Ray ..................................................... ............................................ 103 VII.1.3. V hnh vnh khn - Lnh Donut................................................... ............................................. 103

VII.1.4. V on thng c chiu rng - Lnh Trace ........................................... ................................... 104 VII.1.5. V min -c t - Lnh Solid ...................................................... ............................................... 104 VII.1.6. V cc -ng song song - Lnh Mline, Mlstyle, Mledit............................. ................................ 105 VII.1.6.1. V -ng thng song song -Lnh Mline .......................................... .............................. 105 VII.1.6.2. To kiu -ng Mline bng lnh Mlstyle........................................... ................................106 VII.1.6.3. Hiu chnh Mline bng lnh Mledit ........................................... .....................................108

VII.1.7. To mt min Region v cc php ton i s Boole................................... ........................ 111 VII.1.7.1. To min bng lnh Region ...................................................

.................................... 111

VII.1.7.2. Cc php ton i s Boole i vi Region ........................................ ........................... 112

VII.2. Cc lnh hiu chnh i t-ng nng cao................................................ ........................113 Ch-ng VIII: Lm quen vi AutoCAD 3D ................................................. .........................114

I. C s to v quan st m hnh 3d.......................................................... ..................................114 I.1. Gii thiu cc m hnh 3D ........................................................... ...................................................... 114

I.2. Cc ph-ng php nhp to mt im trong khng gian ba chiu.......................... ............. 116

I.3. im nhn m hnh 3D Lnh VPOINT ..................................................... ..................................... 117 I.4. To cc khung nhn tnh Lnh Vports ................................................. ............................................ 119 I.5. Quan st hnh chiu bng Lnh PLAN................................................... ......................................... 121 I.6. Che cc nt khut Lnh HIDE........................................................ ................................................. 121 I.7. Lnh UCSicon ................................................................ ................................................................... 122

I.8. To h to mi Lnh UCS ........................................................... ............................................ 122

II. M hnh 3D dng khung dy v mt 2 12 chiu.............................................. ....................125 II.1. M hnh dng khung dy (Wireframe) ................. 125 II.2. Ko cc i t-ng 2D thnh mt 3D Lnh Line, 3Dpoly, Spline, Pedit, Trim...........

Elevation, Thickness...............................

.......................... 128 III. 3Dface v cc mt 3D chun......................................................... .........................................130 III.1. Mt phng 3D Lnh 3DFACE ...................................................... ........................................... 130 III.2. Che hoc hin cc cnh ca 3Dface .................................. 131

Lnh Edge ........................................

III.3. Cc i t-ng mt 3D Lnh 3D (3D Objects) .......................................... ................................... 132 Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 4

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Ch-ng I: Tng quan v autocad I.1. Gii thiu v AutoCAD I.1.1. Kh nng v AutoCAD L mt phn mm chuyn dng c cc kh nng sau: + V bn v k thut c kh, kin trc xy dng (gi l kh nng v). + C th ghp cc bn v hoc chng cht, xen k cc bn v to ra bn v mi (kh nng bin tp). + C th vit ch-ng trnh my tnh ton th hin bng hnh v, vit ch-ng trnh theo ngn ng ring, gi l AutoLISP (kh nng t ng thit k). + Nhng th h gn y ca AutoCAD : R10, R12, R13, R14, CAD 2000 c th vit ch-ng trnh bng ngn ng Pascal hoc C+ thnh ngn ng AutoLISP ri dch ra ngn ng my. + C th lin kt cc phn mm khc c lin quan nh- Turbo Pascal, Turbo C, Foxpro, CorelDRAW... ( kh nng lin kt ). Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 5

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD I.1.2. Cc th h AutoCAD AutoCAD ra i nm 1920, giai on t 1956 tr v tr-c cc th h ca AutoCAD -c t tn l Version 1,2,3... T nm 1986 i Version 8 > Release 10 v tip tc pht trin thnh R11, R12, R13, R14, CAD 2000. T R10 tr i mi Release c nhng s nng cp v b xung nhng tnh nng mi ni tri hn, nhng cch s dng ca Menu khc nhau, cc th h sau nhiu chc nng hn th h tr-c, giao din thn thin hn. I.2. Ci t v khi ng AutoCad I.2.1. Nhng yu cu v thit b + + + ... I.2.2. Ci t AutoCAD T R10 tr i ta u c th chy trong mi tr-ng DOS <=> Windows, tu theo cc Version khc nhau m ta c th thc hin ci t t a mm hay a cng hoc t CDROM. I.2.3. Khi ng AutoCAD Khi ng AutoCAD t R14 .. hon ton t-ng t nh- vic khi ng bt c ch-ng trnh ng dng no khc trn Window. Sau khi ci t R14 song trn mn hnh Desktop -c thit lp biu t-ng dng chy R14 c tn ACad14 v th ta c th cho thi hnh ch-ng trnh ngay. Nhy p chut vo biu t-ng, nu khng dng chut ta c th dng phm Tab chuyn sau n phm Space v n Enter. Khi AutoCAD R14 -c khi ng th s xut hin mn hnh giao din lc ny xut hin hp thoi Startup. Ta chn cc tu chn t-ng ng v s dng ch-ng trnh. Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 6

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD I.2.4. Mn hnh giao din AutoCAD Thanh tiu (Title Bar) Thanh thc n (Menu Bar) Thanh cun (Scroll Bar) Thanh trng thi (Stastus Bar) Con tr to (CrossHair) Gc to (UCSicon) Thanh cng c (ToolBar) Vng bn v (Drawing) I.3. Nhp lnh v d liu. I.3.1. Cch nhp lnh. Trong AutoCAD thc hin lnh ta c cc cch sau: + Chn lnh trong thanh thc n (Menu Bar). + Chn lnh trn cc thanh cng c (Toolbar). + Thc hin lnh bng t hp phm. + G lnh trc tip cu lnh vo dng Command line: Cu trc cc lnh ca AutoCAD: + Lnh ca AutoCAD ch yu dng v v x l cc i t-ng l hnh v. Cc lnh v -c phn thnh cc lp do cc lnh ca n c nhiu mc. + v mt hnh no ta c th thc hin lnh trc tip bng chut hoc g lnh trc tip vo ca s lnh Command. Lnh ca AutoCAD c cc dng sau: Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 7

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD + Lnh mt mc: V d: Command line: (Kt qu lnh b) + Lnh hai mc: lnh mi thc V d: l cc lnh khi ra lnh AutoCAD s thc hin ngay. U . tr-c b hu L lnh khi ra lnh song phi cung cp d liu y hin -c.

Command line: Point . Kt qu my s nhc li:

Command line: Specify a point: (Xc nh mt im). Sau li nhc ny ta phi nhp to t-ng -ng vi s s dng chut bm ln im cn v trn mn hnh, hoc nhp to ca im cn v. + Lnh ba mc: Sau khi g lnh xong my s hin th mt s tu chn, ta chn mt trong cc tu chn. Sau khi chn xong my s -a ra yu cu tr li v d liu. V d: Command line: Circle . (V -ng trn) Sau lnh trn my s hin ra cc tu chn: Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Trong cc tu chn trn, tu chn trong ngoc l tu chn mc nh nu s dng n ta ch cn gi . Enter. Tri li mun s dng tu chn khc ta phi g ton b nhng k t (ch hoa) i din ca tu chn. V vy mun khai thc -c tu chn ta phi hiu ht ngha ca tng tu chn. Nu chn tu chn mc nh th ta phi cung cp d liu. v d trn (Specify center point for circle) g hoc tr trn cn v, tip theo AutoCAD s hin th tu chn tip xc nh di ca bn knh R hoc -ng knh ca -ng Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: Nu s dng cc tu chn khc ta lm t-ng t chng hn 3P v -ng trn di qua 3 im - sau khi thc hin tu chn 3P AutoCAD yu cu ta cung cp to ca 3 im. V d: Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 8 Ngay trn to tm ca -ng theo ca lnh yu cu ta trn.

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/TTR)]: 3P . Specify first point on circle: Chn im th nht (1) Specify second point on circle: Chn im th hai (2) Specify third point on circle: Chn im th ba (3) Nu chn 2P ta thc hin v -ng trn bit hai u mt ca -ng knh, sau ta phi cung cp to hai im thuc u mt -ng knh. Nu chn TTR ta thc hin v -ng trn tip xc vi hai i t-ng tu no sau ta ch ra hai i t-ng v bn knh m -ng trn cn tip xc. Lnh nhiu mc: T-ng t nh- cc lnh trn nh-ng khi thc hin s c nhiu lnh, sau khi nhp lnh s hin ln cc tu chn, khi ta chn mt tu chn no li xut hin cc tu chn ca tu chn ny. Cui cng ta phi cung cp d liu cho my thc hin. Cu trc lnh nhiu mc ca AutoCAD c dng nh- cu trc cy. I.3.2. Cc h to Khi nim to : + L tp hp cc s xc nh v tr ca cc im trong khng gian. + Trong khng gian hai chiu to xc nh v tr ca mt im l mt b gm hai s (x,y), trong khng gian 3 chiu l b gm 3 s (x,y,z). ngha tng s trong b s ph thuc vo h to -c s dng trong AutoCAD, ng-i dng c th tu s dng cc h to . Cc h to bao gm: + H to Cc: Dng trong mt phng v khng gian. Trong mt phng l 1 b hai s x, y t-ng ng vi hai gi tr l dch chuyn t mt im gc c to 0,0 n v tr t-ng ng ca trc ox, oy. T-ng t trong khng gian l b 3 s x, y, z. Khi nhp cc gi tr ca to thuc h ny trong AutoCAD cc gi tr -c phn cch nhau bi du phy ( , ). V d: Trong mt khong im - M c to M(25, 30)

Command line: 25,30 . Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 9

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Trong mn hnh AutoCAD to 0,0 nm gc d-i bn tri ca mn hnh cn vi cc trc to khc nh- quy nh trong ton hc. Tuy nhin ta khng th tu chn gc to v tr bt k bng lnh UCS + To cc: Dng trong mt phng, v tr mt im -c xc nh l 1 b hai s d < a l khong cch d t gc to n im cn xc nh v gc a hp bi trc ox v na -ng thng xut pht t gc to i qua im cn xc nh. Nu gc quay thun chiu kim ng h a > 0, ng-c chiu kim ng h a < 0, gi tr ca gc -c tnh bng . To cc -c vit quy -c nh- sau: Command line: d,. (hoc d < .) d: L chiu di .: L gc quay + To cu: Dng trong khng gian, xc nh v tr ca im trong khng gian 3 chiu gm 1 b 3 s d<a < . d khong cch t im cn xc nh > gc to (0,0,0) a l gc quay trong mt phng xy so vi trc x . l gc hp vi mt phng xy so vi im xc nh cui cng nht trong bn v. V d: im M trong khng gian cch gc to (0,0,0) l 20 mm xoay trong mt phng xy l 300 v gc hp vi mt phng xy l 450. Command line : 20<30<45 Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 10

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD + To tr: L h to xc nh v tr ca im trong khng gian 3 chiu bng 1 b 3 s d < . , Z d l khong cch t im cn xc nh .. n gc to (0,0,0) . l gc quay trong mt phng xy so vi trc x Z l khong cch so vi im -c xc nh cui cng nht. V d: Xc nh im M trong khng gian c khong cch so vi gc to (0,0,0) l 50, gc quay so vi trc x trong mt phng xy l 450 v cao l 45. Command line: 50<45,50 I.3.3. Cc kiu d liu trong AutoCAD. D liu kiu im (Point) + D liu ny l to ca 1 im trong khng gian 2 chiu hay 3 chiu. + Cch nhp: Ta c th trc tip g gi tr cc to vo ca s lnh Command thng qua bn phm hoc Click chut vo im cn v trn mn hnh. D liu di (Radius, Distance, ...) + D liu ny c th l di -ng knh, bn knh -ng trn hay cc kch th-c ca Elip vv ta c th cung cp t bn phm hoc bng chut. D liu gc (Angle): ta nhp s o gc, n v o thng th-ng l , nu mun ly n v khc ta t li cu hnh n v o. D liu vn bn (Text): Khi cn -a vn bn vo mt bn v ta s dng lnh Text v cc p ng theo lnh. D liu kiu i t-ng (Objects). Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 11

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD + My yu cu ta cung cp i t-ng l mt hoc l mt tp hp cc i t-ng trn bn v, ta c th dng chut hoc bn phm la chn. Mi i t-ng khi -c -c chn s chuyn cch hin th t nt lin sang nt t. D liu kiu tn, gm (File name, Block name). + Khi yu cu n d liu kiu tn ta phi g tn vo t bn phm hoc chn qua h thng menu. I.4. Cc lnh thit lp ban u. I.4.1. Lnh Help: AutoCAD cung cp cc thng tin v cc lnh (tra cu lnh) AutoCAD. Mun gi tr gip ta n F1 hoc g lnh Help hoc ? ti ca s lnh Command. Khi thc hin lnh s xut hin hp thoi Help Topics. I.4.2. Cc phm chc nng th-ng dng ESC: Hu b lnh Ctrl + C: Ngt lnh tr li Command Line. F7: ng, tt ch Grid F8: ng, tt ch Orthor F9: ng, tt ch Snap Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 12

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD I.4.3. Cc lnh lm vic vi tp bn v: Lnh New To bn v mi + Command: New + Menu: File\New (Ctrl+N) + Toolbar: Khi thc hin lnh New xut hin hp thoi Start from Scratch: Thit lp bn v chun Metric: Chn gii hn bn v l 420,297 v phn (milimeter) English: Gii hn bn v l 12,9 v n v Use a Template: Chn cc bn v mu c sn (Template File)

Creat New Drawing n v v theo h thp l Inch trong AutoCAD

Use a Wizard: Thit lp bn v vi cc kch th-c khc nhau Quick Setup: t n v o v t gii hn bn v (thit lp nhanh) Advanced Setup: Khai bo y cc thng tin cn thit cho mt bn v mi. Lnh Open M bn v c sn

+ M mt bn v, ta c th m bng lnh hoc thng qua h thng Menu t-ng t nh- cc ng dng khc trn Window. Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 13

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Lnh Save, Save As

Ghi bn v

+ Dng ghi bn v hin hnh thnh mt tp tin. T-ng t nh- cc ng dng trn Windows Lnh Export Xut bn v + Lnh cho php xut bn v vi cc phn m rng khc nhau. Nh lnh ny ta c th trao i d liu vi cc phn mm khc nhau. Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 14

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Lnh Quit -Thot khi AutoCAD. + L-u tr tt c cc bn v ang s dng, sau s dng lnh thot khi ch-ng trnh. I.4.4. Lnh nh n v bn v Lnh Units Lnh Units dnh n v v n v gc cho bn v hin hnh. Command: Units . Report format: (Examples) (t n v chiu di) Scientific 1.55E+01 (n v khoa hc) Decimal 15.50 (H s 10) Engineering 1'-3.50" (K thut h Anh) Architectural 1'-3 1/2" (Kin trc h Anh) Fractional 15 1/2 (Phn s) Enter choice, 1 to 5 <2>: . (Chn n v di theo h s 10) Nu chn t 1 n 3 xut hin dng nhc: Number of digits to right of decimal point (0 to 8) <4>: . (S cc s phn l thp phn) . Systems of angle measure (Examples): (t n v o gc) Decimal degrees 45.0000 Degrees/minutes/seconds 45d0'0" Grads 50.0000g Radians 0.7854r Surveyor's units N 45d0'0" E Enter choice, 1 to 5 <1>: . (Chn n v gc theo h s 10) Number of fractional places for display of angles (0 to 8) <4>: . (S cc phn l thp phn) . Direction for angle 0: (H-ng -ng chun xc nh gc) East 3 o'clock = 0 North 12 o'clock = 90 West 9 o'clock = 180 South 6 o'clock = 270 Enter direction for angle 0 <E>: . (Chn -ng chun l trc X) Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 15

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Do you want angles measured clockwise? <N>: (Thit lp chiu o gc c cng chiu kim ng h hay khng?) Ta c th s dng lnh Ddunits (Format\Units), xut hin hp thoi Units Control., ta c th chn n v theo hp thoi ny. I.4.5. nh gii hn bn v Lnh Limits Command: Limits . ON/OF/Lower left corner <0,0>: Tu chn (ON): Cho php v ra ngoi t giy. Tu chn (OFF): Khng cho php v ra ngoi gii hn phn -c v ca t giy. Lower left corner: Quy nh gc d-i bn tri ca t giy -c t trng vi gc to 0,0. Upper right corner: Chn gc trn bn phi Trong AutoCAD R14 ta c th thi hnh cc lnh bng cch s dng chut thao tc trn cc biu t-ng. Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 16

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Ch-ng II: Cc lnh v c bn II.1. Cc ph-ng php nhp to im C 6 ph-ng php nhp to mt im vo trong mt bn v: + Dng phm chn (PICK) ca chut (kt hp vi cc ph-ng thc truy im ca i t-ng). + To tuyt i: Nhp to tuyt i X,Y ca im theo gc to (0,0). + To cc: Nhp to cc ca im (D<a) theo khong cch D gia im vi gc to (0,0) v gc nghing a so vi -ng chun. + To t-ng i: Nhp to ca im theo im cui cng nht xc nh trn bn v, ti dng nhc ta nhp @ X,Y. Du @ (At sign) c ngha l Last poin (im cui cng nht m ta xc nh trn bn v ). Ph thuc vo v tr im so vi gc to t-ng i ta nhp du - tr-c gi tr to . + To cc t-ng i: Ti dng nhc ta nhp @D<a D (distance) l khong cch gia im ta cn xc nh v im xc nh cui cng nht (last point) trn bn v. Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 17

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Gc a l gc gia -ng chun v on thng ni hai im. -ng chun l -ng thng xut pht t gc to t-ng i v nm theo chiu d-ng trc X. Gc d-ng l gc ng-c chiu kim ng h (+CCW: Counter Clockwise), gc m l gc cng chiu kim ng h (-CW: Clockwise). + Nhp khong cch trc tip (Direct distance entry): dist, direction Nhp khong cch t-ng i so vi im cui cng nht (last point), nh h-ng gng cursos v n Enter. II.2. Lnh v im Lnh Point Lnh Point dng v mt im trong bn v Command: Point Point: (xc nh im) II.3. Lnh v -ng thng Lnh Line + Lnh Line dng v cc on thng. on thng c th nm ngang, thng ng hoc nghing. Trong lnh ny ta ch cn nhp to cc nh v on thng ni cc nh li vi nhau. Command: Line . (L) From point: (Nhp to im u tin) To point: (Nhp to im cui ca on thng) To point: (Tip tc nhp to im cui ca on hoc n Enter kt thc lnh) Nu g C s to thnh hnh khp kn. + V d: V hnh ch nht c chiu di 120, rng 80 .. II.4. V -ng thng nh h-ng - Lnh Xline Lnh ny dng to -ng dng hnh (Construction line hay gi tt l CL) Xline l -ng thng khng c im u hoc im cui khng b nh h-ng khi nh gii hn bn v (Lnh Limits), khi phng to thu nh hnh (lnh Zoom)... Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 18

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Lnh Xline c cc la chn sau: Command: Xline, XL . Hor / Ver / Ang / Bisect / Offset / <From point>: (Cc la chn to Xline) From point: La chn im 1 Xline i qua, sau la chn ny xut hin dng nhc Through point: Ta c th nhp im th hai xc nh v tr Xline i qua. Nu im th hai sn c ta phi s dng ph-ng php bt -a Xline i qua. Nu ch ORTHO (ON) ta c th thc hin v Xline l -ng nm ngang hoc thng ng. Hor: To Xline nm ngang. Khi nhp H xut hin dng nhc Through point: Nhp to hoc truy bt im m -ng thng Xline i qua. Ver: To Xline thng ng Ang: Nhp gc nghing to Xline. Khi nhp A c cc dng nhc: Reference / enter angle (current)>: Nhp gc nghing vi -ng chun Nu ta nhp R ti dng nhc, th ta chn -ng tham chiu v nhp gc nghing so vi -ng tham chiu va chn Bisect: To Xline i qua phn gic mt gc -c xc nh bi ba im, im u tin l nh ca gc, 2 im cn li xc nh gc. Angle vertex point: Truy bt im 1 Angle start point: Truy bt im 2 xc nh cnh th nht ca gc. Angle end point: Truy bt im 3 xc nh cnh th hai ca gc Offset: To Xline song song vi -ng thng c sn II.5. Lnh v -ng trn + Dng lnh Command: Circle, C . Lnh Circle

+ C 5 ph-ng php khc nhau v -ng trn. C php nh- sau: Tm v bn knh (Center, Radius) Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 19

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD V -ng trn bng ph-ng php nhp tm (Center) v bn knh R (Radius) Command: C (hoc Circle) . 3P/2P/TTR/<Center point>: (Nhp to tm) Diameter/<Radius>: (Nhp bn knh hoc to mt im ca -ng trn) Tm v -ng knh (Center, Diameter) V -ng trn bng ph-ng php nhp tm (Center) v -ng knh f (Diamater) Command: C (hoc Circle) . 3P/2P/TTR/<Center point>: (Nhp to tm) Diameter/<Radius>: D . (Chn D nhp -ng knh) Diamater: (Nhp gi tr -ng knh -ng trn) 3 Point (3P) V -ng trn i qua 3 im. Command: C (hoc Circle) . 3P/2P/TTR/ <Center point>: 3P . First point: (Nhp im th nht). Second point: (Nhp im th hai). Third point: (Nhp im th ba). 2 Points (2P) V -ng trn i qua hai im. Hai im s l -ng knh -ng trn. Command: C (hoc Circle) . 3P/2P/TTR/ <Center point>: 2P . First point on diameter: (Nhp im u -ng knh). Second point on diameter: (Nhp im cui -ng knh). Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 20

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD -ng trn tip xc 2 i t-ng v c bn knh R (TTR) Dng v -ng trn tip xc hai i t-ng cho tr-c vi bn knh R. Command: C (hoc Circle) . 3P/2P/TTR/ <Center point>: TTR . Enter Tangent spec: (Chn i t-ng th nht -ng trn s tip xc). Enter Second Tangent spec: (i t-ng th hai -ng trn s tip xc). Radius: (Nhp gi tr bn knh)

II.6. Lnh v cung trn Lnh ARC + Dng lnh: Command: Arc, A . + C 11 ph-ng php v cung trn. C php nh- sau: Cung trn i qua ba im (3 Points) + V cung trn i qua 3 im Command: A (hoc Arc) Center / <Start point>: (Nhp im th nht) Center / End / <Second point>: (Nhp im th hai) End point: (Nhp im th ba)

+ Start, Center, End (im u, tm, im cui) Command: A (hoc Arc) Center / <Start point>: (Nhp to im u - 1) Center / End / <Second point>: C . (2) Center: (Nhp to tm cung trn)

Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 21

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Angle / Length of chord / <End point>: (Nhp to im cui - 3) + Start, Center, Angle (im u, tm, gc tm) Command: A (hoc Arc) Center / <Start point>: (Nhp to im u - 1) Center / End / <Second point>: C . (2) Center: (Nhp to tm cung trn) Angle / Length of chord / <End point>: A . Include Angle: (Nhp gi tr gc tm +CCW, -CW)

+ Start, Center, Length of Chord (im u, tm, chiu di dy cung) Command: A (hoc Arc) Center / <Start point>: (Nhp to im u - 1) Center / End / <Second point>: C . (2) Center: (Nhp to tm cung trn) Angle / Length of chord / <End point>: L .

Length of chord: (Nhp chiu di dy cung) + Start, End, Radius (im u, im cui, bn knh) Command: A (hoc Arc) Center / <Start point>: (Nhp to im u - 1) Center / End / <Second point>: E . (2) End point: (Nhp to im cui) Angle / Direction / Radius / <Center point>: R . Radius: (Nhp bn knh) Cung trn -c v theo ng-c chiu kim ng h + Start, End, Include Angle (im u, im cui, gc tm) Command: A (hoc Arc) Center / <Start point>: (Nhp to im u - 1) Center / End / <Second point>: E . (2)

Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 22

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD End point: (Nhp to im cui) Angle / Direction / Radius / <Center point>: A . Include Angle: (Nhp gi tr gc tm) + Start, End, Direction (im u, im cui, h-ng tip tuyn ca cung ti im bt u) Command: A (hoc Arc) Center / <Start point>: (Nhp to im u - 1) Center / End / <Second point>: E . (2) End point: (Nhp to im cui) Angle / Direction / Radius / <Center point>: D . Direction from start point: (H-ng tip tuyn ti im bt u cung) + Center, Start, End (Tm, im u, im cui) + Center, Start, Angle (Tm, im u, gc tm) + Center, Start, Length (Tm, im u v chiu di dy cung) + Cung trn ni tip vi on thng hay cung trn tr-c Gi s khi thc hin lnh Arc ta v on thng hay cung trn. Ta mun v cung trn ni tip vi n th ti dng nhc Center/<Start point>: ta nhp phm Enter . Command: Arc . Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 23

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Center/<Start point>: . End point: (Nhp im cui) II.7. V hnh ch nht Lnh RECTANG Lnh ny dng v hnh ch nht, hnh ch nht l mt a tuyn + Dng lnh: Command: Rectang hoc Rec. Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width/<First corner>: (Nhp ta im th nht) Other corner: (Nhp to hoc chn im th hai) + Trong cc la chn: Chamfer: Cho php vt mp 4 nh hnh ch nht. u tin ta nh cc khong cch vt mp sau v hnh ch nht. Sau khi xut hin cc la chn lc ny ta chn C th my s -a ra cc yu cu v ng-i s dng s phi p ng l: First chamfer distance for retangles <0.0000>: (Nhp khong cch cn chamfer) Second chamfer distance for retangles <0.0000 >: Fillet: Cho php bo trn cc nh ca hnh ch nht Fillet radius for rectangles <10.0000>: Width: nh chiu rng nt v Width for rectangles <5>: Elevation/Thickness: nh cao v dy hnh ch nht khi to mt ch nht 21/2 chiu. II.8. Lnh v a tuyn Lnh PLINE Lnh Pline dng v cc a tuyn, thc hin nhiu chc nng hn lnh Line. Lnh Pline c 3 c im ni bt sau: + Lnh Pline to cc i t-ng c chiu rng (Width), cn lnh Line th khng. + Cc phn on Pline lin kt thnh mt i t-ng duy nht. Cn lnh Line cc phn on l cc i t-ng n. Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 24

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD + Lnh Pline to nn cc phn on l cc on thng hoc cc cung trn (arc) Lnh Pline c th va v cc phn on l on thng v cung trn. y l lnh kt hp gia lnh Line v Arc Ch v on thng Command: Pline hoc Pl . From point: (Chn im hay nhp to lm im u ca Pline) Current line-width is <0.000> (Chiu rng hin hnh ca Pline l 0) Arc / Close / Halfwidth / Length / Undo / Width / <Endpoint of line>: (Nhp to im k tip. Nhp ch in hoa s dng cc la chn) Cc la chn: + Close: ng Pline bi 1 on thng + Halfwidth: nh na chiu rng phn on sp v Starting half-width <current>: (Nhp gi tr na chiu rng u phn on) Ending half-width <current>: (Nhp gi tr na chiu rng cui phn on) + Width: nh chiu rng phn on sp v, t-ng t Halfwidth Starting width <current>: (Nhp gi tr chiu rng u phn on) Ending width <current>: (Nhp gi tr chiu rng cui phn on) + Length: V mt on Pline c ph-ng chiu nh- on thng tr-c . Nu phn on tr-c l cung trn th n s tip xc vi cung trn Length of line: (Nhp chiu di phn on sp v). + Undo: Hu b phn on va v. Ch v cung trn Command: Pline . From point: (Chn im hay nhp to lm im u ca Pline) Current line-width is <0.000> (Chiu rng hin hnh ca Pline l 0) Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 25

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: A . Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt / Undo/Width/<Endpoint of arc>: (Chn im cui ca cung trn, v 1 cung trn tip xc vi phn on tr-c ) Cc la chn: + Close: ong a tuyn bi 1 cung trn + Halfwidth, Width, Undo: T-ng t nh- ch v on thng + Angle: T-ng t nh- v lnh Arc Included angle: (Nhp gi tr gc tm) Center / Radius / <Endpoint>: (Chn im cui, tm hoc bn knh) + CEnter: Khi nhp CE xut hin Center point: (Nhp to tm) Angle / Length / <Endpoint>: (Nhp gc tm, di dy cung hoc im cui cung) + Direction: nh h-ng ca -ng tip tuyn vi im u tin ca cung trn Direction from start point: (Nhp gc hay chn h-ng) Endpoint: (Nhp to im cui) + Radius: Xc nh bn knh ca cung Radius: (Nhp gi tr bn knh) Angle / <Endpoint>: (Nhp gc tm hoc im cui cung trn) + Second pt: Nhp to im th hai v im cui c th xc nh cung trn i qua 3 im. Second point: (Nhp im th 2) Endpoint: (Nhp im cui)

+ Line: Tr v ch v on thng Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 26

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD II.9. V hnh a gic u Lnh POLYGON Lnh Polygon dng v a gic u. a gic ny l a tuyn (Pline) c s phn on bng s cnh ca a gic. Ph thuc vo cch cho kch th-c ta c ba cch v a gic u a gic ngoi tip -ng trn (Circumscribed about circle) Khi cho tr-c bn knh -ng trn ni tip (khong cch t tm n im gia ca 1 cnh) Command: Polygon hoc Pol . Number of sides <4>: (Nhp s cnh a gic) Edge/ <Center of polygon>: (Nhp to tm ca a gic) Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle (I/C) <I>: C . Radius of circle: (Nhp gi tr bn knh -ng trn ni tip) a gic ni tip -ng trn (Inscribed in circle) Khi cho tr-c bn knh -ng trn ngoi tip (khong cch t tm ti nh a gic) Command: Polygon hoc Pol . Number of sides <4>: (Nhp s cnh a gic) Edge/ <Center of polygon>: (Nhp to tm ca a gic) Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle (I/C) <I>: I . Radius of circle: (Nhp gi tr bn knh -ng trn ngoi tip) Nhp to mt cnh ca a gic (Edge) Khi cho tr-c di mt cnh ca a gic u. Command: Polygon hoc Pol . Number of sides <4>: (Nhp s cnh a gic) Edge/ <Center of polygon>: E . First endpoint of edge: (Nhp to im u ca 1 cnh) Second endpoint of edge: (Nhp to im cui ca 1 cnh) Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 27

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Ch-ng III: Cc ph-ng php nhp im chnh xc OBJECT SNAP (OSNAP) III.1. Cc ph-ng php truy bt im ca i t-ng (Objects Snap) AutoCAD cung cp mt kh nng -c gi l Object Snap (OSNAP) nhm gip ta truy bt cc im thuc i t-ng nh-: im cui, im gia, tm, giao im Khi s dng cc ph-ng thc truy bt im, ti giao im hai si tc xut hin vung c tn gi Aperture hay l vung truy bt v ti im cn truy bt xut hin Marker (khung hnh k hiu ph-ng thc truy bt). Khi ta chn cc i t-ng ang trng thi truy bt, AutoCAD s t ng tnh to im truy bt v gn cho im cn tm. Trong AutoCAD c tt c 13 ph-ng thc truy bt im ca i t-ng (gi tt l truy bt im). Ta c th s dng ph-ong php truy bt im th-ng tr hay tm tr. Cc im ca i t-ng AutoCAD c th truy bt -c l: + Line, Spline : Cc im cui (ENDpoint), im gia (MIDpoint) Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 28

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD + Arc : Cc im cui (ENDpoint), im gia (MIDpoint), tm (CENter), im gc 1/4 (QUAdrant) + Circle, Ellipse: Tm (CENter), im gc 1/4 (QUAdrant) + Point : im tm (NODe) + Pline, Mline : Cc im cui (ENDpoint), im gia (MIDpoint) mi phn on. + Text, Block : im chn (INSert) Ngoi ra cn truy bt im tip xc (TANgent), im vung gc (PERpendicular), FROM, APPintersection Ta s dng cc ph-ng php truy bt im khi cn xc nh ta mt im. Ti dng nhc xc nh im ca lnh Line hoc Circle: From point:, To point:, Center point: ta nhp 3 ch ci u tin ca ph-ng php truy bt hoc chn trong Menu. Khi ang trng thi truy bt im th vung ti giao hai si tc gi l vung truy bt (Aperture) III.1.1. ENDpoint: Dng truy bt im cui ca Line, Spline, Arc, phn on ca Pline, Mline. Chn ti im gn cui im truy bt III.1.2. CENter: + Dng truy bt tm ca Circle, arc, ellipse. Khi truy bt ta cn chn i t-ng cn truy bt tm. Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 29

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD III.1.3. INTersection: Dng truy bt giao im ca hai i t-ng. Mun truy bt th giao im phi nm trong vung truy bt hoc c hai i t-ng u chm vi vung truy bt Ta c th truy bt giao im ca hai i t-ng khi ko di mi nhau, khi ta chn ln l-t hai i t-ng. III.1.4. MIDpoint: Dng truy bt im gia ca mt Line, Spline, Arc. Chn mt im bt k thuc i t-ng. III.1.5. NEArest: Truy bt mt im thuc i t-ng gn giao im vi hai si tc nht. Cho vung truy bt n chm i t-ng gn im cn truy bt v nhn phm chn. III.1.6. NODe: Dng truy bt tm ca mt im. Cho vung truy bt n chm vi i t-ng v nhp phm chn. Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 30

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD III.1.7. QUAdrant: Truy bt cc im 1/4 ca Circle, Ellipse hoc Arc. Cho vung truy bt n gn im cn truy bt, chm vi i t-ng v nhp phm chn. III.1.8. TANgent: Truy bt im tip xc vi Line, Arc, Ellipse, Spline hoc Circle. Cho vung truy bt chm vi i t-ng ti gn im cn tm v nhp phm chn. Truy bt im vung gc vi i t-ng -c chn. Cho vung truy bt n chm vi i t-ng v nhp phm chn. III.1.9. PERpendicular: Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 31

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD III.1.10. INSert: Truy bt im chn ca dng Text v Block. Chn mt im bt k ca dng Text hoc Block v nhp phm chn. III.1.11. APPint (Apparent intersection) Ph-ng thc ny cho php truy bt giao im cc i t-ng 3D (dng Wireframe) trong mt im nhn hin hnh (current Viewport) m thc t trong khng gian chng khng giao nhau. III.1.12. FROm: Ph-ng thc truy bt im FROm cho php tm mt im bng cch nhp to t-ng i hoc cc t-ng i so vi gc to l mt im chun m ta c th truy bt im. Ph-ng thc ny thc hin thnh hai b-c: Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 32

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD + B-c 1: Xc nh gc to t-ng i (im cui trn mn hnh) ti dng nhc Base point: (Nhp ph-ng thc truy bt im). + B-c 2: Nhp to t-ng i, cc t-ng i ca dng nhc Offset: so vi im gc to t-ng V d: Command: Pline . Specify start point: from . Base point: mid . of <Offset>: @2,3 . cng nht xc nh to hoc s dng cc im cn tm ti i nh- xc nh b-c 1.

III.1.13. Tracking: Xc nh to im t-ng i qua mt im m ta s xc nh V d: V -ng trn bn knh R=30 c tm l tm hnh ch nht kch th-c 12080 Command: Circle . Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 33

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 34 3P/2P/TTR/<Center point>: Tracking (Tk) . First tracking point: MID . Of: (Truy bt im gia -ng thng P1P2) Next Point (Press ENTER to end tracking): MID . Of: (Truy bt im gia -ng thng ng P1P4) Next point (Press ENTER to end tracking): . Diameter/<Radius>: 30 . III.1.14. Cc v d s dng cc ph-ng thc truy bt im

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD III.2. Gn ch truy bt im th-ng tr (Lnh Osnap, Ddosnap) Khi s dng lnh Ddosnap xut hin hp thoi Osnap Seting. Hp thoi ny c 2 Tab l Running Osnap v AutoSnap(TM). Nu ch-a gn ch truy bt im th-ng tr th lm xut hin hp thoi Osnap Setting ta c th chn nt Osnap trn thanh Status bar (Dng trng thi). Command: Ddosnap + Hp thoi Running Osnap: dng gn ch truy bt th-ng tr (Select Setting) v iu chnh kch th-c vung truy bt (Aperture size). Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 35

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Ch-ng IV: Cc lnh hiu chnh - V nhanh IV.1. Cc ph-ng php la chn i t-ng Khi thc hin cc lnh hiu chnh, v nhanh (Modify command) ti dng nhc Select Objects: ta chn i t-ng hiu chnh theo cc ph-ng php khc nhau. Khi dng nhc Select objects: xut hin th con tr to bin mt ch cn mt vung gi l chn (Pickbox). Ta dng chn ny chn i t-ng. Nu i t-ng -c chn th i t-ng ny c dng nt t (ging nh- dng -ng Hidden). kt thc vic la chn hoc bt u thc hin lnh ta nhn phm Enter ti dng nhc Select Objects: Cc ph-ng php la chn i t-ng: 1. Pickbox Dng vung chn, mi ln ta ch chn -c mt i t-ng. Ti dng nhc Select objects: xut hin vung, ta Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 36

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD ko vung ny giao vi i t-ng cn chn v nhp phm chn. 2. Auto Ti dng nhc Select objects: ta chn hai im xc nh khung ca s. Nu im u tin bn tri, im th hai bn phi th nhng i t-ng no nm trong khung ca s -c chn. Nu im u tin bn phi v im th hai bn tri th nhng i t-ng no nm trong v giao vi khung Auto (Window) ca s s -c chn. 3. Windows (W) Dng khung ca s la chn i t-ng. Ti dng nhc Select objects: ta nhp W. Chn hai im 1 v 2 xc nh khung ca s, nhng i t-ng no nm trong khung ca s s -c chn Auto (Crossing) 4. Crossing Window (C) Dng ca s ct la chn i t-ng. Ti dng nhc Select objects: ta nhp C. Chn hai im 1 v 2 xc nh khung ca s. Khi nhng i t-ng no nm trong hoc giao vi khung ca s s -c 12 12 chn 5. Window Polygon (WP) Ging nh- Window nh-ng khung ca s l mt P1P2P3P4 a gic, nhng i t-ng nm trong khung ca s s -c chn. Ta nhp WP ti dng nhc Select P5 objects: s xut hin cc la chn First polygon point: <Chn im th Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: sau: nht P1 ca Polygon> <Chn im ca P2 ca mt cnh> <Chn im ca P3 ca mt cnh

hoc Enter kt thc vic la chn> 6. Crossing Polygon (CP) Ging nh- Crossing Window nh-ng khung ca P3 P2 s l mt a gic 7. Fence (F) P1 La chn ny cho php to mt -ng ct bao

Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 37

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD gm nhiu phn on, nhng i t-ng no giao vi khung ca s ny s -c chn, Khi nhp F ti dng nhc Select objects: s xut hin cc la chn v ta chn cc im nh ca Fence: Select objects: F P1P2P3 First fence point: <im u tin ca Fence> Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: <im k tip ca Fence> Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: <im k tip ca Fence hoc Enter kt thc to Fence> Select objects: F 8. Last (L) Khi nhp L th i t-ng no -c to bi lnh v (Draw commands) sau cng nht s -c chn. 9. Previous (P) Chn li cc i t-ng chn ti dng nhc Select objects: hiu chnh hoc dng hnh thc hin cui cng nht 10. All Tt c cc i t-ng trn bn v hin hnh s -c chn 11. Remove (R) Chuyn sang ch tr cc i t-ng t nhm cc i t-ng -c chn. Khi nhp R ti dng nhc Select objects: s xut hin dng nhc Remove objects . Ti dng nhc cui cng ny ta c th s dng tt c cc ph-ng php la chn i t-ng trn tr cc i t-ng. Ta cn c th tr cc i t-ng ti dng nhc Remove entiry Select objects: bng cch ng thi nhn phm Shift v s dng cc ph-ng php la chn i t-ng 12. Add (A) Mun chuyn t ch tr cc i t-ng Remove objects sang ch chn thm i t-ng ti dng nhc ny ta nhp A 13. Undo (U) Hu b i t-ng va -c chn 14. Group From selection set Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 38 ca mt lnh

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Dng la chn ny gi li cc i t-ng -c to bng lnh Group tr-c . Groups l cc nhm i t-ng chn Select objects: G Enter group name: <Nhp tn nhm cc i t-ng -c t tn> Select objects: IV.2. cc lnh tr gip v i t-ng IV.2.1 Xo cc i t-ng - Lnh Erase Lnh Erase dng xo cc i t-ng ta chn trn bn v hin hnh. Sau khi chn i t-ng xong ta ch cn nhn phm Enter th lnh -c thc hin. Command line: Erase (hoc E) . Select objects: <Chn i t-ng cn xo> Select objects: <Chn tip cc i t-ng cn xo hoc nhn phm Enter kt thc vic la chn v thc hin lnh> IV.2.2. Phc hi cc i t-ng b xo - Lnh Oops Phc hi li cc i t-ng -c xo bi mt lnh Erase tr-c Command line: Oops . Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 39

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD IV.2.3. Hu b v thc hin lnh - Lnh Undo, U Lnh U dng hu b ln l-t cc lnh thc hin tr-c Command line: U . Lnh Undo cho php hu b mt lnh hoc nhm lnh thc hin tr-c . Command line: Undo . Enter the number of operations to undo or [Auto/Control/Begin/End/ Mark/Back]: <Nhp cc la chn hoc nhn Enter thc hin nh- lnh U> Cc la chn: -Auto: Nu l On th cc i t-ng -c v trong mi lnh xem nh- l mt nhm. -Mark: nh du lnh AutoCAD va thc hin m sau ny ta c th tr v bng la chn Back -BAck: Hu b cc lnh thc hin n ln nh du (Mark) gn nht, nu ta khng nh du bi la chn Mark th AutoCAD s xo tt c cc lnh thc hin tr-c . -BEgin: Dng la chn ny nh du lnh u ca nhm lnh, sau dng la chn End nh du lnh cui ca nhm lnh. -End: La chn ny kt hp vi la chn Begin nh du lnh cui ca nhm lnh v sau ta c th xo bi mt b-c thc hin -Control: La chn Control iu khin vic thc hin cc la chn ca lnh Undo. Khi nhp C xut hin dng nhc: All/None/One <All>: + All: Thc hin tt c cc la chn ca lnh Undo + One: Ch hu b -c mt lnh va thc hin tr-c + None: Khng th thc hin vic hu b cc lnh ca AutoCAD IV.2.4. Lnh Redo Lnh Redo dng sau cc lnh U hoc Undo phc hi mt lnh va hu tr-c . Command line: Redo . Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 40

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD IV.3. Cc lnh hiu chnh i t-ng IV.3.1. Di chuyn cc i t-ng - Lnh Move Lnh Move dng thc hin php di mt hay nhiu cc i t-ng t mt v tr hin ti n mt v tr bt k trn hnh v Command line: Move . Select objects: <Chn cc i t-ng cn di chuyn> Select objects: <Tip tc chn cc i t-ng hoc Enter kt thc vic la chn> . Specify base point or displacement: <Chn im chun hoc nhp khong di chuyn: c th dng chut, dng cc ph-ng php truy bt im, to tuyt i, t-ng i, cc t-ng i> Specify second point of displacement: <im m cc i t-ng di chuyn n: c th s dng phm chn ca chut, dng cc ph-ng php truy bt im, to tuyt i, t-ng i, to cc t-ng i...> IV.3.2. Xn mt phn i t-ng nm gia hai i t-ng giao nhau -Lnh Trim, Extrim Lnh Trim dng xo on cui ca i t-ng -c gii hn bi mt i t-ng khc hoc on gia ca i t-ng -c gii hn bi hai i t-ng khc. Command line: Trim . Current settings: Projection = current Edge = current Select cutting edges... Select objects: <Chn i t-ng giao vi on m ta mun xo> Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 41

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Select objects: <Chn tip cc i t-ng giao nhau hoc kt thc vic la chn bng cch nhn phm Enter> Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: <Chn on cn xo> Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: <Tip tc chn on cn xo hoc Enter kt thc lnh> Tr-c khi Trim Sau khi Trim Cuting edges * Ch : -Ti dng nhc "Select objects:" nu mun chn tt c cc i t-ng ta ch cn nhn phm Enter, dng nhc tip ca lnh Trim s xut hin. -Nu ti dng nhc "Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: " ta chn a tuyn Pline th s xn mt phn hnh ca a tuyn. Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 42

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Cc la chn khc: -Edgemode: L la chn ca lnh Trim xc nh l phn i t-ng -c xn giao vi cc i t-ng giao -c ko di hay khng (Extend hoc No Extend) -Projectmode: La chn ny dng xo (xn) cc on ca mt m hnh 3 chiu (m hnh dng khung dy - Wireframe). La chn View cho php xo (xn) mt on bt k ca hnh chiu m hnh 3 chiu ln mt phng song song vi mn hnh mc d thc t cc i t-ng giao vi cc on cn xn khng giao nhau -Undo: La chn ny cho php phc hi li on va -c xo * Lnh Extrim Lnh Extrim dng xo cng mt lc nhiu i t-ng -c gii hn bi mt cnh ct Command: Extrim . Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 43

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Pick a POLYLINE, LINE, CIRCLE, ARC, ELLIPSE, IMAGE or TEXT for cutting edge...: <Chn Pline, line, arc hoc circle lm cnh ct> Specify the side to trim on: <Chn mt im nm trong hoc ngoi cnh ct> Tr-c Extrim Sau Extrim vi P1 nm trong Cutting edge Sau Extrim vi P1 nm ngoi Cutting edge Cutting edge IV.3.3. Xn mt phn i t-ng nm gia hai im chn - Lnh Break Lnh Break cho php ta xn mt phn ca cc i t-ng Arc, Line, Circle, Pline, Trace... on -c xn -c gii hn bi hai im m ta chn, nu ta xn mt phn ca -ng trn th on -c xn nm ng-c chiu kim ng h bt u t im chn th nht Trong lnh Break th mt hoc c hai im chn c th khng nm trn i t-ng b xn C 4 la chn khi thc hin lnh Break: 1. Chn hai im - 2 point -B-c 1: Chn i t-ng ti mt im v im ny l im u tin ca on cn xn -B-c 2: Ta chn im cui ca on cn xn Command line: Break . Select object: <Chn i t-ng c on m ta mun xn v im ny l im u tin ca on cn xn> Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 44

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Specify second break point or [First point]: <Chn im cui ca on cn xn> 2 1 21 Sau Break Tr-c Break Sau Break 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 Tr-c Break 2. Chn i t-ng v hai im - 2 point select Theo cch ny ngoi vic la chn i t-ng cn phi chn hai im u v cui ca on cn xn. Command line: Break . Select object: <Chn i t-ng c on m ta mun xn> Specify second break point or [First point]: F . Specify first break point: <Chn im u ca on cn xn> Specify second break point: <Chn im cui ca on cn xn> Tr-c Break Sau Break 1 2 2 1 Select Select 3. Chn mt im - 1 point Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 45

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Lnh Break trong tr-ng hp ny dng tch 1 i t-ng thnh 2 i t-ng c lp. im tch l im m ta chn i t-ng thc hin lnh Break Command line: Break . Select object: <Chn i t-ng c on m ta mun xn ti im cn tch i t-ng> Specify second break point or [First point]: @ . 4. Chn i t-ng v 1 im - 1 point Select Dng lnh Break tch i t-ng thnh hai i t-ng Command line: Break . Select object: <Chn i t-ng cn tch thnh hai i t-ng> Specify second break point or [First point]: F . Specify first break point: <Chn 1 im v im ny l im tch hai i t-ng> Specify second break point: @ . IV.3.4. Ko di i t-ng - Lnh Extend Ng-c li vi lnh Trim, lnh Extend dng ko di mt i t-ng n giao vi mt i t-ng -c chn (-ng bin - Boundary edge(s) ). i t-ng l -ng bin cn c th l i t-ng cn ko di Command line: Extend . Select boundary edges... Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 46

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Select objects: <Chn i t-ng l -ng bin. Nu Enter s chn tt c i t-ng trn bn v, kt thc vic la chn i t-ng v tip tc lnh> Select objects: <Chn tip cc i t-ng lm -ng bin hoc Enter kt thc vic la chn> Select object to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: <Chn i t-ng cn ko di> Select object to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: <Chn tip cc i t-ng cn ko di hoc nhn Enter kt thc lnh> Cc la chn: -Edgemode: T-ng t nh- lnh Trim. S dng la chn Edgemode vi la chn Extend ko di mt on thng khng giao vi n. -Projectmode: T-ng t la chn Projectmode ca lnh Trim -Undo: Dng hu b thao tc va thc hin IV.3.5. Quay i t-ng xung quanh mt im - Lnh Rotate Lnh Rotate thc hin php quay cc i t-ng -c chn xung quanh mt im chun (Base point) gi l tm quay. Command line: Rotate . Select objects: <Chn i t-ng cn quay> Select objects: <Chn tip i t-ng hoc Enter kt thc vic la chn> Specify base point: <Chn tm m cc i t-ng quay xung quanh> Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: <Chn gc quay hoc nhn R nhp gc tham chiu> Reference Specify the reference angle <0>: <Gc tham chiu> Specify the new angle: <Gi tr gc mi> Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 47

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD IV.3.6. Thay i kch th-c theo t l - Lnh Scale Lnh Scale dng tng hoc gim kch th-c cc i t-ng trn bn v theo mt t l nht nh Command line: Scale . Select objects: <Chn i t-ng cn thay i t l> Select objects: <Chn tip i t-ng hoc Enter kt thc vic la chn> Specify base point: <Chn im chun l im ng yn khi thay i t l> Specify scale factor or [Reference]: <Nhp h s t l hoc nhp R> Reference: Specify reference length <1>: <Nhp chiu di tham chiu> Specify new length: <Nhp chiu di mi> Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 48

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD IV.3.7. Thay i chiu di i t-ng - Lnh Lengthen Lnh Lengthen dng thay i chiu di (ko di hoc lm ngn li) cc i t-ng l on thng hoc cung trn. Command line: Lengthen . Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: Cc la chn: -Select object: Dng la chn ny hin th chiu di -ng thng hoc gc m ca cung -c chn. -DElta: Thay i chiu di i t-ng bng cch -a vo khong tng. Gi tr khong tng m th lm gim kch th-c, gi tr khong tng d-ng lm tng kch th-c. Khi nhp DE sau dng nhc trn s xut hin dng nhc ph: Enter delta length or [Angle] <current>: <Nhp khong tng hoc nhp A chn khong thay i gc tm> Sau khi nh gi tr khong tng xut hin dng nhc: Select an object to change or [Undo]: <Chn i t-ng cn thay i kch th-c> Dng nhc trn -c xut hin lin tc, khi mun kt thc lnh ta nhp phm Enter. -Percent: La chn ny cho php ta thay i chiu di i t-ng theo phn trm (%) so vi tng chiu di hin hnh. Khi >100% th chiu di ca i t-ng -c tng ln cn ng-c li (<100%) th gim xung Enter percentage length <current>: <Nhp gi tr> Select an object to change or [Undo]: <Chn i t-ng cn thay i kch th-c> -Total: La chn ny dng thay i tng chiu di ca mt i t-ng hoc gc m cung theo gi tr mi -a vo Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 49

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Specify total length or [Angle] <current>: <-a gi tr hoc nhp A chn gc> -Dynamic: Dng la chn ny thay i ng chiu di ca i t-ng IV.3.8. Di chuyn v ko gin cc i t-ng - Lnh Stretch Lnh Stretch dng di chuyn v ko gin cc i t-ng, Khi ko gin vn duy tr s dnh ni cc i t-ng. Cc i t-ng l on thng -c ko gin ra hoc co li (chiu di s di ra hoc ngn li), cc i t-ng l cung trn khi ko gin ra s thay i bn knh. -ng trn khng th ko gin. Khi chn cc i t-ng thc hin lnh Stretch ta dng ph-ng thc la chn Crossing Windows hoc Crossing polygon, nhng i t-ng no giao vi khung ca s s -c di i. i vi -ng trn nu c tm nm trong khung ca s chn s -c di chuyn i. Command line: Stretch . Select objects to stretch by crossing-window or crossing-polygon... Select objects: <Chn cc i t-ng theo ph-ng thc Crossing> Select objects: <Nhn Enter kt thc vic la chn> Specify base point or displacement: <Chn im chun hay khong di> Specify second point of displacement: <im di n, nu cho khong di th Enter> Tu vo i t-ng -c chn, ta c cc tr-ng hp sau: 1. Cc on thng giao vi khung ca s chn -c ko gin ra hoc co li, cung trn -c di i. Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 50

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD 2. Cung trn -c ko gin v on thng ngang b ko co li. 3. on ng -c di, hai on nm ngang -c ko gin IV.3.9. Di v quay i t-ng - Lnh Align Lnh Align dng di chuyn (move) v quay (rotate) v ly t l (Scale) cc i t-ng. i vi cc i t-ng 2D ta s dng cc tr-ng hp sau: 1. Khi chn mt cp im ta thc hin php di Command line: Align . Select objects: <Chn cc i t-ng cn Align> Select objects: <Nhn Enter kt thc la chn> Specify first source point: <Chn im ngun th nht trn i t-ng chn> Specify first destination point: <Chn im di n th nht> Specify second source point: <Nhn Enter> . Khoa CNTT - Trang 51 B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD 2. Khi chn hai cp im ta thc hin php di v quay hnh. Tu vo la chn YES hoc NO ti dng nhc "Scale objects based on alignment points [Yes/No] <No>" ta thc hin php ly t l. Command line: Align . Select objects: <Chn cc i t-ng cn Align> Select objects: <Nhn Enter kt thc la chn> Specify first source point: <Chn im ngun th nht trn i t-ng chn> Specify first destination point: <Chn im di n th nht> Specify second source point: <Chn im ngun th hai trn i t-ng chn> Specify second destination point: <Chn im di n th hai> Specify third source point: <Nhn Enter> Scale objects based on alignment points [Yes/No] <No>: <Nhn Yes hoc No> 3. Khi dng lnh Align cho cc i t-ng 3D phi chn c 3 cp im Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 52

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 53 IV.4. Cc lnh v nhanh i t-ng IV.4.1. To cc i t-ng song song - Lnh Offset Lnh Offset dng to cc i t-ng mi song song theo h-ng vung gc vi cc i t-ng -c chn. i t-ng -c chn to cc i t-ng song song c th l Line, Circle, Arc, Pline, Spline.... Tu vo i t-ng -c chn ta c cc tr-ng hp sau: - Nu i t-ng -c chn l on thng th s to ra on thng mi c cng chiu di. Hai on thng ny t-ng t nh- hai cnh song song ca hnh ch nht - Nu i t-ng l -ng trn th ta c -ng trn ng tm - Nu i t-ng -c chn l cung trn th ta c cung trn ng tm v gc tm bng nhau - Nu i t-ng -c chn l Pline, Spline th ta to mt hnh dng song song C hai la chn khi to cc i t-ng song song: - Cc i t-ng song song cch cc i t-ng -c chn mt khong cch (Offset distance) - Cc i t-ng song song s i qua mt im (Through point) 1. La chn Offset distance Command line: Offset . Specify offset distance or [Through] <current>: <Khong cch gia hai i t-ng song song>

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Select object to offset or <exit>: <Chn i t-ng to i t-ng song song vi n> Specify point on side to offset?: <Chn im bt k v pha cn to i t-ng mi song song> Select object to offset or <exit>: <Tip tc chn i t-ng khc hoc nhn Enter k thc lnh> 2. La chn Through Command line: Offset . Specify offset distance or [Through] <current>: T . Select object to offset or <exit>: <Chn i t-ng to i t-ng //> Specify through point: <Truy bt im m i t-ng mi s to ra> Select object to offset or <exit>: <Tip tc chn i t-ng khc hoc nhn Enter k thc lnh> IV.4.2. V ni tip hai i t-ng bi cung trn - Lnh Fillet Lnh Fillet dng v ni tip hai i t-ng bi mt cung trn. Lnh Fillet -c thc hin hai giai on: Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 54

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD - Giai on 1 xc nh bn knh cung ni tip R (gi tr bn knh ny tr thnh mc nh) -Giai on 2 ta chn hai i t-ng thc hin lnh Fillet Command line: Fillet . Current settings: Mode = current, Radius = current Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]: R . <Nhp R chn bn knh> Specify fillet radius <current>: <Nhp gi tr bn knh R hoc chn hai im v khong cch gia hai im ny l bn knh R, gi tr R ny tr thnh mc nh cho cc ln Fillet sau> Command line: Fillet . Current settings: Mode = current, Radius = current Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]: <Chn i t-ng th nht l Line, Circle, Arc, Spline hoc phn on ca Pline v chn ti im gn v tr Fillet > Select second object: <Chn i t-ng th hai gn v tr Fillet> Ta c th s dng lnh Fillet vi R = 0 ko di hoc xn cc i t-ng giao nhau. Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 55

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 56 Cc la chn khc: - Polyline: Nu ta ch cn Fillet hai phn on ca mt a tuyn th sau khi nh bn knh R ta chn ln l-t 2 phn on k tip ca a tuyn nh- hai i t-ng n. Nu mun Fillet ton b cc nh a tuyn th sau khi chn R ta thc hin theo trnh t sau: Command line: Fillet . Current settings: Mode = current, Radius = current Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]: P . Select 2D polyline: <Chn Polyline cn bo trn cc nh > Tuy nhin AutoCAD ch Fillet ti cc nh l giao im ca hai phn on thng ca a tuyn. - Trim/Notrim: Thc hin lnh Fillet ang trng thi Trim mode (mc nh) th cc i t-ng -c chn Fillet s ko di n hoc xn cc phn

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD on tha ti cc im tip xc. Nu ta chn Notrim mode th cc i t-ng s khng -c ko di hoc xn i ti cc im tip xc vi cung ni. Command line: Fillet . Current settings: Mode = current, Radius = current Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]: T . Enter Trim mode option [Trim/No trim] <current>: <Nhp T chn Trim mode hoc N chn Notrim mode> Ch : - Ta ch s dng lnh Fillet khi -ng trn ng tm v cng bn knh vi cung ni tip khng bao mt trong hai hoc c hai i t-ng chn v cung ni tip. - v cung ni tip khi -ng trn ng tm v cng bn knh vi cung ni tip bao mt hoc c hai i t-ng chn th ta s dng lnh Circle, la chn TTR v sau dng lnh Trim xn on tha - v on thng ni tip hai cung hoc -ng trn ta dng lnh Line (kt hp vi ph-ng thc truy bt im TANgent IV.4.3. Vt mp cc cnh - Lnh Chamfer Lnh Chamfer trong bn v 2D dng to mt -ng xin ti im giao nhau ca hai on thng hoc ti cc nh a tuyn c hai phn on (segment) l cc on thng. Trong c kh gi l vt mp cc cnh. Trnh t thc hin lnh Chamfer t-ng t nh- lnh Fillet Kch th-c -ng vt mp (-ng xin) -c nh bng hai ph-ng php: theo hai khong cch t im giao nhau (Distance), hoc nhp mt gi tr khong cch v gc nghing (Angle) Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 57

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Command line: Chamfer . (TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = current, Dist2 = current Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method]: Cc la chn: -Method: Chn mt trong hai ph-ng php nh kch th-c -ng vt mp: Distance (nhp gi tr hai khong cch), Angle (nhp gi tr mt khong cch v gc nghing) -Distance: Dng la chn ny nhp hai khong cch. Sau lp li lnh chn hai cnh cn Chamfer Command line: Chamfer .

(TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = current, Dist2 = current Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method]: D . Specify first chamfer distance <current>: <Nhp gi tr khong cch th nht> Specify second chamfer distance <current>: <Nhp khong cch th hai> Command line: Chamfer . (TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = current, Dist2 = current Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method]: <Chn on thng th nht> Specify second chamfer distance <current>: <Chn on thng th hai> -Angle: La chn ny cho php ta nhp gi tr khong cch th nht v gc ca -ng vt mp hp vi -ng th nht. Khi nhp A xut hin cc dng nhc sau: Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 58

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Command line: Chamfer . (TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = current, Dist2 = current Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method]: A . Specify chamfer length on the first line <current>: <Nhp khong cch vt mp trn -ng th nht> Specify chamfer angle from the first line <current>: < Nhp gi tr gc -ng vt mp hp vi -ng th nht> -Trim/Notrim: Cc chc nng t-ng t nh- lnh Fillet -Polyline: Nu mun vt mp ti mt nh th ta ch cn chn hai phn on Polyline. Cn mun vt mp ti tt c cc nh ca Pline th sau khi nhp cc gi tr khong cch xong ti dng nhc u tin ta nhp P, s xut hin dng nhc sau: Command line: Chamfer . (TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = current, Dist2 = current Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method]: P . Select 2D polyline: <Chn Polyline cn Chamfer>

Ch : -Ta khng th Fillet hoc Chamfer vi hai i t-ng chn l hai phn on ca cc Pline khc nhau. Khi xut hin dng thng bo Cannot fillet polyline segments from different polylines . Mun Fillet hoc Chamfer chng u tin ta phi s dng lnh Explode ph v mt trong hai Pline thnh cc i t-ng n v sau thc hin lnh Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 59

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD IV.4.4. Sao chp cc i t-ng - Lnh Copy Lnh Copy dng sao chp cc i t-ng -c chn theo ph-ng tnh tin v sp xp chng theo cc v tr xc nh Command line: Copy . Select objects: <Chn cc i t-ng cn sao chp> Select objects: <Chn tip cc i t-ng cn sao chp hoc nhn Enter kt thc vic la chn> Specify base point or displacement, or [Multiple]: <Chn im chun bt k, kt hp vi cc ph-ng thc truy bt im hoc nhp khong di> Specify second point of displacement: <Chn v tr ca cc i t-ng sao chp, c th dgn phm chn kt hp vi cc ph-ng thc truy bt im hoc nhp to tuyt i, t-ng i, cc t-ng i> Ch : 1. C th chn Basepoint v Second point l cc im bt k 2. Chn cc im Basepoint v Second point bng cch dng cc ph-ng thc truy bt im 3. Ti dng nhc Second point of displacement: ta c th nhp to t-ng i, cc t-ng i. 4. Ti dng nhc Base point or displacement: ta c th nhp khong di 5. Trong lnh Copy c la chn Multiple, la chn ny dng sao chp nhiu bn t nhm cc i t-ng -c chn Command line: Copy . Select objects: <Chn cc i t-ng cn sao chp> Select objects: <Chn tip cc i t-ng cn sao chp hoc nhn Enter kt thc vic la chn> Specify base point or displacement, or [Multiple]: M . Specify base point: <Chn im chun> Specify second point of displacement: <Chn im Copy n> Specify second point of displacement: <Tip tc chn im Copy n hoc Enter kt thc lnh> Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 60

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 61 IV.4.5. Php i xng trc - Lnh Mirror Lnh Mirror dng to cc i t-ng mi i xng vi cc i t-ng -c chn qua mt trc. Ni cch khc l ta quay cc i t-ng -c chn chung quanh trc i xng mt gc 1800. Command line: Mirror . Select objects: <Chn cc i t-ng thc hin php i xng> Select objects: <Enter kt thc vic la chn> Specify first point of mirror line: <Chn im th nht ca trc i xng> Specify second point of mirror line: <Chn im th hai ca trc i xng> Delete source objects? [Yes/No] <N>: <Xo i t-ng -c chn c khi i xng hay khng? Nhp N nu khng mun xo, nhp Y nu mun xo> Cc i t-ng -c chn Mirror line First point of mirror line Second point of mirror line Delete old objects? Y Delete old objects? N

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 62 IV.4.6. Sao chp i t-ng theo dy - Lnh Array Lnh Array dng sao chp cc i t-ng -c chn thnh dy hnh ch nht (Rectangular array) hay sp xp xung quanh tm (Polar array). Cc dy ny sp xp cch u nhau: 1. Rectangular Array Dng sao chp cc i t-ng -c chn thnh dy c s hng (rows) v s ct (columns) nht nh Command line: Array . Select objects: <Chn cc i t-ng cn sao chp> Select objects: <Nhn Enter kt thc vic la chn> Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] <current>: R . Enter the number of rows (---) <1>: <Nhp s hng> Enter the number of columns (|||) <1>: <Nhp s ct> Enter the distance between rows or specify unit cell (---): <Nhp gi tr ca khong cch t mt im bt k trn mt i t-ng n im t-ng ng ca i t-ng trn hng k tip, gi tr ny c th m hoc d-ng> Specify the distance between columns (|||): <Nhp khong cch gia cc ct, gi tr ny c th m hoc d-ng> Ta c th dng n v (Unit cell) nhp khong cch gia cc hng v ct. Unit cell l n v hnh ch nht, khong cch theo trc honh ca ny s l khong cch gia cc ct v khong cch theo trc tung l khong cch gia cc hng.

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD 2. Polar Array La chn ny dng to cc dy sp xp xung quanh mt tm Command line: Array . Select objects: <Chn cc i t-ng cn sao chp> Select objects: <Nhn Enter kt thc vic la chn> Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] <current>: P . Specify center point of array: <Chn tm cu dy> Enter the number of items in the array: <S i t-ng sao chp> Specify the angle to fill (+=ccw, -=cw) <360>: <Nhp gc quay. Nu gc c gi tr m th cc i t-ng sao chp quay cng chiu kim ng h. Nu gc c gi tr d-ng th quay ng-c chiu kim ng h> Rotate arrayed objects? <Y>: <C quay cc i t-ng khi sao chp hay khng? Nhp Enter nu ng hoc nhp N nu khng ng > Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 63

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Ch : to dy cc i t-ng khng nm song song vi trc X v Y ta c th s dng cc ph-ng php sau: -Kt hp vi lnh Snap -Quay h to xung quanh trc Z (lnh UCS) -S dng lnh Block to khi, sau dng lnh Divide hoc Measure. Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 64

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Ch-ng V: Qun l cc i t-ng trong bn v V.1. Lp (Layer), mu v -ng nt Trong cc bn v AutoCAD cc i t-ng c tnh cht chung th-ng nhm thnh lp (Layer). S lp trong mt bn v khng gii hn, tn thng th-ng phn nh ni dung ca cc i t-ng nm trn lp . Ta c th hiu chnh cc trng thi ca lp; M (ON), tt (OFF), kho (LOCK), m kho (UNLOCK), ng bng (FREEZE) v tan bng (THAW) cc lp cho cc i t-ng nm trn cc lp xut hin hay khng xut hin trn mn hnh hoc trn giy v. Mu (Color) v dng -ng (Linetype) ta c th gn cho lp hoc cho tng i t-ng. Tuy nhin d iu khin cc tnh cht i t-ng trong bn v ta nn gn mu v dng -ng cho cc lp. Khi Color v Linetype c dng BYLAYER. Ta gn mu cho cc i t-ng hoc cho lp ch yu l iu khin vic xut bn v ra giy. Trong hp thoi Print/Plot Configuration ca lnh in (lnh Plot hoc Print) phn Pen Assigments chn bt v ta th-ng chn theo mu ca cc i t-ng trn mn hnh. Mi loi mu trn mn hnh ta gn cho mt Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 65

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD loi bt v bn v chng ta -c v (hoc in) vi cc loi bt c chiu rng nt v khc nhau. V.1.1. To v hiu chnh lp bng hp thoi Layer Properties Manager. Khi thc hin lnh Layer hoc Ddlmodes (chn Format/Layer) s xut hin hp thoi Layer Properties Manager. 1. To Layer mi. -Nhn nt New trong hp thoi s xut hin son tho Layer 1 ti ct Name -Nhp tn lp vo son tho. Tn lp khng -c di qu 31 k t. K t c th l s, ch k c cc k t nh- _ -$... Khng -c c cc khong trng gia cc k t. S lp trong bn v khng gii hn (khng v-t qu Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 66

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD 32767). Tn lp nn t d nh v theo cc tnh cht lin quan n i t-ng lp . - Nu mun to nhiu lp cng mt lc ta nhp cc tn lp cch nhau bi du phy. 2. Tt, m Layer (ON/OFF) tt, m Layer ta chn biu t-ng trng thi ON/OFF. Khi mt lp -c tt th cc i t-ng nm trn lp khng hin trn mn hnh. Cc i t-ng ca lp -c tt vn c th -c chn nu nh- ti dng nhc Select objects: ca lnh hiu chnh ta dng la chn All chn i t-ng 3. ng v lm tan bng ca mt Layer (Freeze/Thaw) ng bng (FREEZE) v lm tan bng (THAW) lp trn tt c khung nhn (Viewports) ta chn biu t-ng trng thi FREEZE/THAW. Cc i t-ng ca lp ng bng khng xut hin trn mn hnh v ta khng th hiu chnh cc i t-ng ny (khng th chn i t-ng lp ng bng ngay c la chn All) 4. Kho v m kho cho lp (Lock/Unlock) kho v m kho cho lp ta chn biu t-ng trng thi LOCK/UNLOCK. i t-ng ca Layer b kho s khng hiu chnh -c, tuy nhin chng vn hin th trn mn hnh v c th in ra -c. 5. Thay i mu ca lp Ta chn vo mu ca lp, khi s xut hin hp thoi Select Color v theo hp thoi ny ta c th gn mu cho cc lp ang -c chn. Bng mu ca AutoCAD bao gm 256 mu -c nh s t 1 .. 256, khi ta chn mu th tn s mu xut hin ti son tho Color. Cc mu chun t 1..7, ngoi m s ta c th nhp trc tip tn mu: 1-Red (), 2 -Yerlow (vng), 3 Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 67

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Green (xanh l cy), 4 -Cyan (xanh da tri), 5 -Blue (xanh lc), 6 -Magenta (tm), 7 -White (trng) 6. Gn dng -ng cho lp gn dng -ng cho lp ta chn vo tn dng -ng ca lp, xut hin hp thoi Select Linetype. u tin trong bn v ch c 1 dng -ng duy nht l Continuous, nhp cc dng -ng khc vo trong bn v ta s dng lnh -Linetype hoc chn nt Load... ca hp thoi Select Linetype 7. Xo lp (Delete) Ta d dng xo lp to bng cch chn lp v nhn nt Delete. 8. Gn lp hin hnh (Curent) Ta chn lp v nhn nt Current. Lc ny bn cnh nt Current s xut hin tn lp hin hnh m ta va chn. Khi cc i t-ng mi to bng cc lnh v (line, arc, circle...) s c cc tnh cht ca lp hin hnh. * Ch : a. Mun chn nhiu lp cng mt lc hiu chnh ta c cc ph-ng php: -Chn 1 lp v nhn phm phi chut. Chn Select all chn tt c lp - chn nhiu lp khng lin tip, u tin ta chn 1 lp sau nhn ng thi phm Ctrl v chn cc lp cn li. - chn nhiu lp lin tip nhau u tin ta chn 1 lp sau nhn ng thi phm Shift v chn lp cui ca nhm - Khi chn 1 lp, chn 1 im trn khung vn bn v nhn phi chut ta c th hiu chnh lp -c chn b. d s dng v trao i bn v vi ng-i khc chng ta nn to lp c tn, mu, dng -ng thch hp vi ng-i s dng khc. Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 68

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD c. sp xp cc tn lp theo mt th t no ta chn vo tn ct hng trn cng bng danh sch lp. Ln th nht ta nhn vo tn ct s sp xp lp theo la chn theo th t tng dn, nu ta tip tc nhn vo tn ct ny mt ln na s sp xp theo th t gim dn. d. Khi ta nhn vo nt Detail >> s xut hin hp thoi chi tit hn. Ta c th gn mu, dng -ng v thay i cc trng thi ca lp theo cc nt chn e. thay i khong cch gia cc ct danh sch cc lp: Name, On,... ta tin hnh nh- trong cc hp thoi v File. Ta ko con tr n v tr gia cc ct, khi xut hin du thp c hai mi tn nm ngang v ta ch cn ko du ny sang tri hoc sang phi th ln cc ct s thay i theo. V.1.2. Qun l -ng nt bng hp thoi Linetype Manager Khi chn mc Format/Linetype xut hin hp thoi Linetype Manager nhp cc dng -ng vo trong bn v ta chn nt Load... Khi xut hin hp thoi Load or Reload Linetype. Trn hp thoi ny ta chn cc dng -ng cn nhp v nhn phm OK Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 69

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD S xut hin hp thoi mt cch chi tit nu ta chn nt Details >> Cc nt chn hp thoi gm: -Global scale factor: Gn t l dng -ng cho tt c cc i t-ng trong bn v -Current objects scale: Gn t l dng -ng cho i t-ng ang v V.1.3. iu khin lp bng thanh cng c Object Properties Ta c th thc hin cc lnh v lp bng thanh cng c Object Properties Make Object's Layer Current Linetype Lineweight Layer Color Nt Make Object s Layer Current Chn i t-ng trn bn v v lp cha i t-ng s tr thnh lp hin hnh. Danh sch Color Control Gn mu hin hnh cho i t-ng sp v hoc -c chn Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 70

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Danh sch Linetype Control Gn dng -ng hin hnh cho i t-ng sp v Danh sch Lineweight Control Gn b dy nt v cho i t-ng sp v V.1.4. Cc dng -ng nt trong bn v k thut theo TCVN Nt c bn Nt c bn l -ng bao thy ca vt th v c dng -ng Continuous (-ng lin). B rng nt v t 0,5 ... 1,4 mm tu theo ln v mc phc tp ca hnh biu din. B rng ca nt phi thng nht trn tt c cc hnh biu din ca cng mt bn v V -ng tm v -ng trc Cc -ng tm v -ng trc l -ng chm gch mnh c di gch t 5... 30 mm v khong cch gia chng l 3... 5 mm. Trong cc dng -ng ca file ACAD.LIN ta c th chn cc dng -ng CENTER, CENTER2, CENTERX2.... Ph-ng php v -ng tm v -ng tm, u tin chn lp DUONG_TAM l hin hnh, sau s dng mt trong cc ph-ng php sau: -S dng lnh Dimcenter vi gi tr bin DIMCEN m hoc d-ng. Sau khi v xong, s dng lnh Ddchprop chuyn dng -ng sang BYLAYER - v -ng trc ta dng lnh Line sau dng GRIPS, ch STRETCH hiu chnh. Hoc dng lnh Line kt hp vi ch ORTHO l ON, sau s dng lnh MOVE di chuyn -S dng lnh Line v, sau s dng lnh Lengthen ko di (la chn Delta...) -S dng lnh Xline hoc Ray v, sau dng lnh Break xn cc u -ng trc v -ng tm v qu -ng bao ca hnh biu din t 2..5 mm v kt thc bng nt gch. V tr ca tm -ng trn xc nh bng giao im Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 71

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD ca hai gch ct nhau. Nu -ng knh ca -ng trn b hn 12 mm th nt chm gch -c thay th bng nt mnh. Thng th-ng, khi thc hin bn v ta v tr-c cc -ng tm v -ng trc V nt t (-ng khut) th hin cc -ng bao khut ta dng nt t. Nt t gm nhng nt gch t c cng di t 2..8 mm. Khong cch gia cc gch trong nt t t 1..2 mm v phi thng nht trong cng bn v. Trong cc dng -ng c sn ca file ACAD.LIN ta c th chn HIDDEN, HIDDEN2, HIDDENX2... lm -ng khut. Nt lin mnh Bao gm cc -ng ging, -ng kch th-c, -ng gch gch ca mt ct... Cc -ng nt ny l -ng CONTINUOUS c chiu rng 1/2...1/3 nt c bn Nt ct Dng v vt ca mt phng ct. y l dng -ng CONTINUOUS c chiu di 8..20 mm, b rng nt v t 1.. 1,5 nt c bn Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 72

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD V.2. Hiu chnh cc tnh cht ca i t-ng Cc lnh hiu chnh cc tnh cht ca i t-ng bao gm: Change, Chprop, Ddchprop, Ddmodify... V.2.1. Thay i lp bng thanh cng c Object Properties -Chn cc i t-ng ti dng Command: Khi xut hin cc du GRIPS ( vung mu xanh) trn cc i t-ng -c chn - Trn danh sch lp ko xung ta chn tn lp cn thay i cho cc i t-ng chn. V.2.2. Lnh Change Command line: Change . Select objects: <Chn cc i t-ng cn thay i tnh cht> Select objects: <Chn tip cc i t-ng hoc Enter kt thc la chn> Specify change point or [Properties]: P . Enter property to change [Color/Elev/LAyer/LType/ltScale/LWeight/ Thickness/PLotstyle]: <Thay i tnh cht no ca i t-ng> Cc la chn: Color: Thay i mu ca tt c cc i t-ng m ta chn Elev: Thay i cao ca i t-ng (dng trong 3D) Layer: Thay i lp ca cc i t-ng -c chn Ltype: Thay i dng -ng ca cc i t-ng -c chn Ltscale: Thay i t l dng -ng cho bn v Lweight: Thay i b dy nt v Thickness: Thay i dy ca i t-ng (dng trong 3D) V.2.3. Lnh Properties Xut hin hp thoi Properties cho php thay i cc tnh cht ca i t-ng Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 73

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD V.3. Ghi v hiu chnh vn bn Cc dng ch trong bn v AutoCAD c th l cc cu, cc t, cc k hiu c trong bng ch ci hoc bng ch s. Cc ch s kch th-c l mt trong nhng thnh phn ca kch th-c -c to nn bi cc lnh ghi kch th-c, do khng xem n nh- l cc dng ch. Cc dng ch trong bn v dng miu t cc i t-ng trong bn v, ghi cc yu cu k thut, vt liu... V.3.1. To kiu ch - Lnh Style Khi thc hin lnh Style hoc chn menu Draw/Text Style... xut hin hp thoi Text Style Ta to Style trn hp thoi theo trnh t sau: -Chn nt New... s xut hin hp thoi New Text Style. Trong son tho Style Name ta nhp tn kiu ch mi v nhn OK -Chn Font ch: Ti Font name ta chn kiu ch dng son tho -Chn chiu cao ch ti mc Height -Cc la chn Upside down (dng ch i xng ph-ng ngang), Backwards (dng ch i xng ph-ng thng ng), Width factor (h s chiu rng ch), Oblique Angle (gc nghing ca ch) -Ta xem kiu ch va to ti Preview Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 74

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD V.3.2. Nhp on vn bn vo bn v - Lnh Mtext Lnh Mtext cho php to mt on vn bn -c gii hn bi -ng bin l khung hnh ch nht. on vn bn l mt i t-ng ca AutoCAD Command line: Mtext . Specify first corner: <im gc th nht ca on vn bn> Specify opposite corner or [Height/Justify/Line spacing/Rotation/ Style/Width]: <im gc i din hoc l cc la chn cho vn bn> Sau xut hin hp thoi Multiline Text Editor, trn hp thoi ny ta nhp vn bn v nh dng nh- cc phn mm vn bn khc Cc trang hp thoi Multiline Text Editor: 1. Trang Character Stack/Unstack Font Font Height Undo Insert Symbol Character Format Text color Inport Text -Font: Chn kiu ch -Height: C ch -B, I, U: Cc kiu ch m, nghing, gch chn -Undo: Hu b thao tc va thc hin -Color: Mu ch -Symbol: Chn cc k t c bit -Import text: Cho php ta nhp mt tp tin vn bn vo khung hnh ch nht Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 75

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Ta c th chn cc k t c bit ti nt Symbol v nu chn Other... s xut hin hp thoi Character Map l bng cc k t c bit Mun chn mt Symbol vo vn bn ta thc hin theo trnh t sau: -Chn Symbol - Nhn phm tri chut (PICK) 2 ln hoc chn nt Select xut hin Edit box Characters to copy -Chn nt Copy sao chp Symbol vo Windows Clipboard -Close hp thoi Character Map 2. Trang Properties Text Style Justification Character Width Text Rotation Chn nt Properties ca hp thoi Multiline Text Editor ta c th thay i kiu ch (Style), im canh l (Justification), chiu rng on vn bn (Width), gc nghing ca on vn bn so vi ph-ng ngang (rotation).. 3. Trang Find/Replace Nt chn Find/Replace cho php ta tm kim v thay th cc on trong vn bn... Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 76

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD 4. Trang Line Spacing Chn mc Line Spacing dng t khong cch gia cc dng trong on vn bn. V.3.3. Hiu chnh vn bn V.3.3.1. Kim tra li chnh t - Lnh Spell Lnh Spell dng kim tra li chnh t trong cc dng vn bn (ting Anh) -c nhp bng cc lnh Text, Dtext, Mtext. Khi xut hin hp thoi Check Spelling Command line: Spell . Select objects: <Chn on Text cn kim tra li chnh t> Select objects: <Tip tc chn hoc nhn Enter kt thc vic la chn> V.3.3.2. Lnh DDedit Lnh DDedit (Dynamic Dialog Edit) cho php thay i ni dung dng Text v nh ngha thuc tnh (Attribute Definition) Command line: Ddedit . Select an annotation object or [Undo]: <Chn dng Text cn thay i ni dung> Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 77

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Nu dng Text chn -c to bi lnh Text v Dtext s xut hin hp thoi Text Editor cho php hiu chnh ni dung dng Text. Nu i t-ng chn -c to bi lnh Mtext th s xut hin hp thoi Multiline Text Editor. Ta hiu chnh v nh dng nh- thc hin vi lnh Mtext Sau khi thay i ni dung dng ch, dng nhc "Select an annotation object or [Undo]:" lin tc xut hin cho php ta chn tip cc i t-ng khc hiu chnh, mun kt thc lnh ta nhn Enter. V.4. Hnh ct, mt ct v v k hiu vt liu Cc hnh biu din trn bn v gm c hnh chiu, hnh ct v mt ct. Nu ch dng hnh chiu khng thi th ch-a th hin hnh dng ca mt s chi tit. Do , trong a s cc tr-ng hp ta phi v hnh ct v mt ct. Hnh ct l hnh biu din phn cn li ca vt th sau khi t-ng t-ng ct b phn vt th nm gia mt phng ct v ng-i quan st. Mt ct l phn vt th nm trn mt phng ct v khng v phn vt th nm sau mt phng ct. Mt ct (Hatch object) l mt i t-ng ca AutoCAD, do ta c th thc hin cc lnh hiu chnh (Move, Erase, Copy, Array, Mirror, Scale...) i vi cc i t-ng ny. Tu thuc vo chn nt Explode Hatch mt ct l mt khi lin kt hoc l nhm cc i t-ng n. v k hiu mt ct ta s dng lnh Hatch hoc Bhatch (Boundary Hatch), hiu chnh mt ct ta dng lnh Hatchedit Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 78

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD C hai lnh Hatch v Bhatch u v mt ct. Nu s dng lnh Hatch th khi chn vng v mt ct ta chn tng i t-ng (Select Objects) ca -ng bin, nu s dng lnh Bhatch ta ch cn chn mt im (Pick Point) trong -ng bin. Thng th-ng ta s dng lnh Bhatch Nu cc i t-ng ca mt ct l lin kt (Associative Hatch) th khi ta thay i hnh dng -ng bin (khi s dng cc lnh: Stretch, Scale, Move, Ddmodify, Rotate, GRIPS...) th mt ct s sa i cho ph hp vi -ng bin mi. V.4.1. V mt ct bng lnh Bhatch Dng lnh Bhatch (Boundary Hatch) ta c th v k hiu vt liu trn mt ct trong mt -ng bin kn. Khi thc hin lnh Bhatch xut hin hp thoi Boundary Hatch 1. Chn mu mt ct - Pattern Type La chn ny dng chndng cho cc mu mt ct: Predefied, User -defined hoc Custum Predefined Cho php ta chn cc mu c sn trong tp tin Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 79

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD ACAD.PAT ca AutoCAD. C hai cch chn cc mu theo Predefined: - Chn tn mu theo danh sch ko xung Pattern (Pull down list) - Chn ngay ti khung hnh nh ca mu mt ct bng cch ko con tr vo ny v nhp phm chn ca chut, tip tc chn s ln l-t xut hin cc hnh nh ca mu. -Chn nt Pattern... s xut hin hp thoi Hatch pattern palette v ta chn mu mt ct trn hp thoi ny. Custom Chn mu -c to bng file *.PAT. Khi ta nhp tn file *.PAT vo son tho Custom Pattern. Cn nh rng file ny phi nm trong th- mc SUPPORT. User-defined Dng chn mu c dng cc on thng song song, khi ta chn khong cch gia cc -ng gch (Spacing) v gc nghing ca -ng gch cho (Angle) Pattern... Trong hp thoi Boundary Hatch ca lnh Bhatch ta c th chn cc mu mt ct bng cch nhy chut vo mc Swatch. Khi xut hin hp thoi Hatch Pattern Palette Trn hp thoi Hatch Pattern Palette ta c th chn mu mt ct. Khi chn mu no ta ch cn ko con tr vo mu v nhn OK Ch : Trong AutoCAD ta c th chn mu SOLID t en mt vng bin kn. Trnh t thc hin t-ng t v cc dng mt ct khc. S dng mu mt ct ny v bng (Shadow) 2. Gn cc tnh cht cho mu mt ct - Pattern Properties Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 80

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD ISO Pen Width Nu chn cc mu theo ISO th cho php chn chiu rng nt bt khi xut bn v ra giy Scale Gi tr nhp vo son tho ny l gi tr h s t l cho mu mt ct ang chn. Thng th-ng h s t l ny ph thuc vo gii hn bn v. Gii hn mc nh ca h s t l ny l 1 Angle Gi tr Angle xc nh nghing ca -ng ct so vi mu chn. Gi tr mc nh l O Spacing v Double Ch c tc dng khi ta chn User - Defined Pattern ti mc Pattern Type. Spacing l khong cch gia cc -ng gch cho ca mt ct, cn khi ta chn Double Hatch s v thm cc -ng k hiu mt ct vung gc Pattern Chn cc mu mt ct trong danh sch ko xung Pattern, hnh nh ca mu mt ct -c chn s xut hin ti khung nh vng Pattern Type pha trn V mu mt ct c dng -ng nt ring, cho nn khi v k hiu mt ct lp hin hnh phi c dng -ng Continuous Sau khi chn xong mu mt ct ta chn t l v gc nghing ca cc -ng mt ct. 3. Xc nh vng v mt ct - Boundary xc nh vng v k hiu mt ct ta s dng mt trong hai cch: Pick Point hoc Select Objects, hoc kt hp hai cch trn Pick Point < Xc nh mt -ng bin kn bng cch chn mt im nm trong. Nn chn im gn vi -ng bin kn cn d tm. Dng nhc ph Select internal point: <Chn mt im bn trong -ng bin kn> Selecting everything visible... Analyzing the selected data... Analyzing internal islands... Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 81

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Select internal point: <Tip tc chn mt im bn trong -ng bin kn hoc nhn Enter kt thc vic chn> Select Objects < Chn -ng bin kn bng cch chn cc i t-ng bao quanh Remove Islands Sau khi chn xong -ng bin kn v cc vng bn trong (islands), nu ta mun tr i cc vng bn trong -ng bin kn th ta chn nt ny. Khi xut hin dng nhc sau: Select island to remove: <Chn Island cn tr> Select island to remove: <Chn Island cn tr hoc Enter kt thc vic la chn> View Selection Xem cc -ng bin chn d-i dng cc khut Advanced Options... Lm xut hin hp thoi Advanced Options 4. Atribute Exploded Hatch Mt ct trong mi ln thc hin v l mt khi. Nu ta mun cc -ng mt ct ny b ph v thnh cc i t-ng n th ta chn vo ny. Hoc sau khi thc hin xong vic v mt ct ta dng lnh Explode ph v chng ra thnh cc i t-ng n Associative Cc -ng ct lin kt nu ta chn nt ny. Khi ta thc hin cc lnh: Scale, Stretch... vi cc -ng bin th din tch vng ghi k hiu mt ct s thay i theo. 5. Cc nt chn khc Inherit Properties Ta c th chn cc mu k hiu mt ct theo my sn c trn bn v. Khi xut hin dng nhc: Select associative hatch object: <Chn mu mt ct sn c trn bn v> Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 82

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Preview Hatch < Xem tr-c mt ct -c v, tuy nhin ch xem -c khi xc nh mu mt ct v vng cn v mt ct OK Thc hin lnh v k hiu mt ct. y l b-c cui cng ca lnh Bhatch 6. Hp thoi Advanced Define Boundary Set Xc nh -ng bao t tt c cc -ng ta thy trn mn hnh hay t mt tp hp cc -ng chn tr-c. Island Detection Style: Chn kiu v mt ct: Nornal, Outer, Ignone V.4.2. Trnh t v mt ct bng lnh Bhatch -To hnh ct bng cc lnh: Line, Circlem Arc, Pline, Trim... Nu mun c dng ch (Text) trong hnh ct th ghi dng ch vo -Thc hin lnh Bhatch. Hp thoi Boundary Hatch xut hin -Chn Pattern Type m ta s dng. Chn mu mt ct cn thit trn danh sch ko xung Pattern hoc chn nt Pattern... xut hin hp thoi Hatch pattern pallete -Xc nh t l (Scale) v gc quay (Angle) - Xc nh vng cn v k hiu mt ct bng mt trong hai ph-ng php sau: Pick Point v Select Objects -Xem tr-c mt ct bng nt chn Preview, hiu chnh nu cn thit - Kt thc lnh Bhatch bng nt chn OK. Mt ct -c to trn vng chn v -c lin kt Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 83

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD - Nu mun v mt ct cho nhiu vng vi cng mt k hiu ta chn nhiu vng khc nhau bng nt chn Pick Point. Mun chn mu mt ct c sn trong bn v ta s dng nt Inherit Properties -V cc nt ct bng lnh Pline - Mun hiu chnh mt ct ta dng lnh Hatchedit... Nu -ng bin v mt ct thay i bng cc lnh: Stretch, Scale, Move, DDmodify, Rotate, Grips... th mt ct s sa i cho ph hp vi -ng bin mi V.4.3. Hiu chnh mt ct - Lnh Hatchedit Lnh Hatchedit cho php ta hiu chnh cc mt ct lin kt (to bng lnh Bhatch) cho cc kch th-c lin kt trong bn v Command: Hatchedit . Khi thc hin lnh Hatchedit s xut hin hp thoi Hatch Edit t-ng t hp thoi Boundary Hatch. Ta sa cha mt ct theo cc nt chn ca hp thoi ny Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 84

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Ch-ng VI: Ghi kch th-c VI.1. Ghi kch th-c i t-ng VI.1.1. Cc thnh phn kch th-c Mt kch th-c -c ghi bt k bao gm cc thnh phn ch yu sau y: First extension line Second extension line (-ng ging th nht) (-ng ging th hai) P1 P2 Arrow (Mi tn) Dimension line Dimension text (-ng kch th-c) (Ch s kch th-c) Dimension line (-ng kch th-c) -ng kch th-c -c gii hn bi hai u mi tn (gch cho hoc mt k hiu bt k). Nu l kch th-c thng th n cng ph-ng vi on thng ghi kch th-c, nu l kch th-c gc th n l mt cung trn c tm l nh gc. Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 85

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Extension line (-ng ging) Thng th-ng -ng ging l cc -ng thng vung gc vi i t-ng -c ghi kch th-c. Kch th-c th-ng c hai -ng ging Dimension Text (Ch s kch th-c) Ch s kch th-c l ln ca i t-ng -c ghi kch th-c. Trong ch s kch th-c c th ghi dung sai (Tolerance), ghi tin t (Prefix), hu t (Suffix) ca kch th-c. Chiu cao ch s kch th-c trong bn v k thut l cc gi tr tiu chun Arrowheads (Mi tn, gch cho) K hiu hai u ca -ng kch th-c, thng th-ng l mi tn, du nghing, chm... hay mt khi bt k do ta to nn. i vi kch th-c bn knh v -ng knh ch c 3 thnh phn: -ng kch th-c, mi tn (gch cho) v ch s kch th-c. Khi ta xem -ng trn hoc cung trn l cc -ng ging. VI.1.2. Cc khi nim c bn khi ghi kch th-c Dimension Variables (Cc bin kch th-c) Cc bin kch th-c iu khin vic ghi kch th-c. Nh cc bin ny ta c th -c rt nhiu kiu ghi kch th-c (Dimension styles) khc nhau. Nh vo cc bin kch th-c ta c th ghi kch th-c theo ng TCVN Dimension Styles (Cc kiu kch th-c) S kt hp cc bin kch th-c cho ta nhiu kiu kch th-c khc nhau. AutoCAD cho php ta nh ngha cc kiu ghi kch th-c vi cc tn khc nhau. Trong bn v ta c th thit lp nhiu kiu ghi kch th-c khc nhau, khi cn ta ch cn gi kiu kch th-c m khng cn phi thay i tng tn bin Associate dimension (Cc kch th-c lin kt) Khi cc kch th-c lin kt th tt c cc i t-ng ca kch th-c lin kt thnh mt khi duy nht, iu ny to iu kin thun li cho vic ghi v hiu chnh kch th-c. Ta c th dng lnh Explode ph v kch th-c lin kt thnh cc i t-ng n Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 86

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD VI.1.3. Trnh t ghi kch th-c 1. To kiu kch th-c theo TCVN 2. S dng cc lnh ghi cc kch th-c 3. Sau khi ghi kch th-c, nu kch th-c xut hin khng ph hp ta c th thay i cc bin kch th-c v sau ti dng nhc Dim: (S dng lnh DIM) ta dng lnh con UP (Update), hoc lnh Dimstyle vi la chn Apply hoc lnh Dimoverride cp nht cc bin va thay i cho cc kch th-c ghi 4. Khi cn thit ta c th hiu chnh cc thnh phn kch th-c bng cc lnh: Dimtedit, Dimedit... VI.1.4. Cc nhm lnh ghi kch th-c Cc lnh ghi kch th-c trong AutoCAD nm trong thc n ko xung Dimension Cc nt lnh nm trong thanh cng c Dimension Linear Dimension -DIMLINEAR Aligned Dimension -DIMALIGNED Ordinate Dimension -DIMORDINATE Radius Dimension -DIMRADIUS Diameter Dimension -DIMDIAMETER Angular Dimension -DIMANGULAR Quick Dimension -QDIM Baseline Dimension -DIMBASELINE Continue Dimension -DIMCONTINUE Quick Leader -QLEADER Tolerance -TOLERANCE Center Mark -DIMCENTER Dimension Edit -DIMEDIT Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 87

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Dimension Dimension Dimension -DIMTEDIT -DIMSTYLE -DIMSTYLE Dimension Text Edit Update Style APPLY Style

1. Nhm cc lnh ghi kch th-c Cc lnh ghi kch th-c trong AutoCAD chia lm cc nhm: Kch th-c thng (Linear dimension) gm cc lnh: - Lnh DIMLINEAR Kch th-c ngang (Horizontal), thng ng (Vertical) v quay (Rotated) - Lnh DIMALIGNED -ng kch th-c song song kch th-c cn ghi - Lnh DIMBASELINE Ghi chui kch th-c song song vi kch th-c sn c - Lnh DIMCONTINUE Ghi chui kch th-c ni tip vi kch th-c sn c Kch th-c h-ng tm bao gm - Lnh DIMRADIUS Ghi kch th-c bn knh - Lnh DIMDIAMETER Ghi kch th-c bn knh - Lnh DIMCENTER V -ng tm Kch th-c gc - Lnh DIMANGULAR Ghi kch th-c gc. Ta c th s dng lnh Dimbaseline v Dimcontinue ghi chui kch th-c song song v ni tip vi mt kch th-c gc c sn To im -Lnh DIMORDINATE Ghi dung sai hnh dng v v tr -Lnh TOLERANCE Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 88

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Ghi kch th-c theo -ng dn -Lnh QLEADER 2. Nhm cc lnh hiu chnh kch th-c Cc lnh hiu chnh kch th-c bao gm: -Lnh DIMEDIT - Hiu chnh v tr, gi tr, gc quay ch s kch th-c v nghing -ng ging -Lnh DIMTEDIT -Thay i v tr v ph-ng ca ch s kch th-c Ngoi ra ta cn c th hiu chnh kch th-c bng GRIPS. Cp nht cc bin kch th-c bng lnh DIMSTYLE APPLY , DIMSTYLE VI.1.5. Ghi kch th-c thng 1. Lnh Dimlinear Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 89

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD 2. Lnh DIMALIGNED VI.1.6. Ghi kch th-c h-ng tm (Bn knh, -ng knh) ghi kch th-c -ng knh -ng trn (Circle) hoc cung (Arc) c gc tm ln hn 1800 dng lnh Dimdiameter, ghi kch th-c bn knh cung trn c gc tm nh hn 1800 ta s dng lnh Dimradius. 1. Lnh DIMDIAMETER 2. Lnh DIMRADIUS 3. Lnh DIMCENTER Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 90

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD VI.1.7. Ghi kch th-c gc - Lnh DIMANGULAR VI.1.8. Ghi chui kch th-c 1. Ghi chui kch th-c song song - Lnh DIMBASELINE 2. Ghi chui kch th-c ni tip - Lnh DIMCONTINUE Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 91

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD VI.1.9. Ghi dung sai hnh dng v v tr -Lnh TOLERANCE VI.1.10. Ghi kch th-c theo -ng dn - Lnh LEADER VI.1.11. Ghi ta mt im - Lnh DIMORDINATE Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 92

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD VI.1.12. Hiu chnh ch s kch th-c 1. Lnh DIMEDIT Hiu chnh v tr, gi tr, gc quay ch s kch th-c v nghing -ng ging Command line: Dimedit . Enter type of dimension editing [Home/New/Rotate/Oblique] <Home>: Cc la chn: -Home: -a ch s kch th-c tr v v tr ban u khi ghi kch th-c Select objects: <Chn ch s kch th-c> -New: Thay i ch s kch th-c cho kch th-c ghi - Rotate: -OBLique: nghing cc -ng ging so vi -ng kch th-c Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 93

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD 2. Lnh DIMTEDIT Thay i v tr v ph-ng ca ch s kch th-c Command line: Dimtedit . Select dimension: <Chn kch th-c cn hiu chnh> Specify new location for dimension text or [Left/Right/Center/Home/Angle]:

Cc la chn: -Left: Kch th-c -c di chuyn sang tri -Right: Kch th-c -c di chuyn sang phi -Home: Kch th-c v tr ban u khi ghi kch th-c -Angle: Quay ch s kch th-c Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 94

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD VI.2. Kiu kch th-c v cc bin kch th-c S kt hp cc bin kch th-c (Dimension variables) cho ta nhiu kiu kch th-c (Dimstyles) khc nhau. AutoCAD cho php ta nh ngha cc kiu ghi kch th-c vi cc tn khc nhau. Trong mt bn v ta c th thit lp nhiu kiu ghi kch th-c, khi cn ta ch cn gi kiu ghi kch th-c m khng cn phi thay i tng tn bin. to cc kiu kch th-c ta s dng ph-ng php sau: -S dng lnh Ddim lm xut hin hp thoi Dimension Style Manager. Ti hp thoi ny ta t cc gi tr cho cc kiu kch th-c - Nhp tn cc bin kch th-c (Dimvariables) ti dng Command: sau s dng lnh Dimstyle ghi (Save) thnh cc kiu kch th-c. VI.2.1. To kiu kch th-c bng lnh Ddim thay i cc bin kch th-c v to cc kiu kch th-c ta dng lnh Ddim, khi thc hin s xut hin hp thoi Dimension Style Manager Cc nt chn: -Set Current: La chn kiu kch th-c (Dimension style) t danh sch bn tri. Tn ca kiu kch th-c s l hin hnh cho cc ln ghi kch th-c sau . Ngoi ra mt kiu kch th-c s tr thnh hin hnh trong cc tr-ng hp sau: + To kiu kch th-c mi + Hiu chnh kiu kch th-c bng cch thay i cc bin v sau ghi li bng nt chn Save + i tn kiu kch th-c -New: nh ngha 1 kiu kch th-c mi -Modify: Hiu chnh kiu kch th-c ang -c chn Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 95

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD -Override: Thay i gi tr mt s bin kch th-c cho cc kch th-c ghi m khng thay i cc bin cn li theo kiu kch th-c hin hnh. VI.2.2. Gn cc bin kch th-c bng hp thoi Ta c th thay i cc bin kch th-c bng cch chn nt Modify trong hp thoi Dimension Style Manager 1. Hp thoi Lines and Arrows t cc bin lin quan n -ng kch th-c, mi tn v -ng ging Dimension Lines: Hiu chnh cc bin lin quan n -ng kch th-c -Color: Mu -ng kch th-c -Lineweight: B dy -ng kch th-c -Baseline spacing: Khong cch gia cc -ng kch th-c song song -Extend beyond ticks: Khong -ng kch th-c nh ra khi -ng ging -Suppress -Suppress Extension Khoa CNTT - Dim Line 1: B qua -ng kch th-c th nht - Dim Line 2: B qua -ng kch th-c th hai Lines: Hiu chnh cc bin lin quan n -ng ging - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 96

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD -Extend beyond ticks: Khong -ng ging nh ra khi -ng kch th-c -Suppress -Dim Line 1: B qua -ng ging th nht -Suppress - Dim Line 2: B qua -ng ging th hai -Offset from Orgin: Khong cch t gc -ng ging n u -ng ging -Color: Mu ca -ng ging Arrowheads: Hiu chnh cc bin lin quan n mi tn -Chn cc dng mi tn khc nhau cho hai u -ng kch th-c (1st v 2nd) -Arrow size: ln mi tn Center Marks for Circles: Du tm v -ng tm -Type: Chn kiu -ng tm Mark: nh du tm Line: -ng tm None: Khng nh du tm -Size: Kch c -ng tm 2. Hp thoi Text Text Appearance: Gm cc bin dng hiu chnh kiu ch (Text Style), chiu cao (Text Height) v mu (Text Color) ca ch s kch th-c -Text Style: Kiu ch ca ch s kch th-c -c chn t danh sch. Cc kiu ch ny -c to bng lnh Style -Text Height: Chiu cao ch s kch th-c -Text Color: Mu ca ch s kch th-c Text Placement: Xc nh v tr ca ch s kch th-c so vi -ng kch th-c Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 97

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD -Vertical: Xc nh v tr ch s kch th-c theo ph-ng thng ng so vi -ng kch th-c -Horizontal: Xc nh v tr ch s kch th-c theo ph-ng ngang so vi -ng kch th-c -Offset from dim line: Khong cch gia ch s kch th-c v -ng kch th-c Text Alignment: Xc nh ch s kch th-c nm theo ph-ng ngang hoc song song vi -ng kch th-c 3. Hp thoi Fit nh v tr ca mi tn v ch s kch th-c so vi hai -ng ging khi khong cch gia cc -ng ging t-ng i nh Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 98

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD 4. Hp thoi Primary Units Xc nh n v cho ch s kch th-c Linear Dimenssion: Xc nh n v di cho -ng kch th-c -Prefix, Suffix: nh tin t v hu t cho ch s kch th-c -Unit format: nh dng n v di cho kch th-c -Precision: Xc nh s cc s thp phn sau du chm Angular Dimension: Xc nh n v gc cho -ng kch th-c -Unit format: nh dng n v gc cho kch th-c -Precision: Xc nh s cc s thp phn sau du chm Measurment Scale: H s t l khi ghi kch th-c. Dng ghi kch th-c tht cho bn v v ghi kch th-c cho bn v c nhiu t l khc nhau. Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 99

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD 5. Hp thoi Alternate Units Display alternate units: Cho php chn h thng thay i n v -Unit format: nh dng n v cho h thng thay i n v -Precision: Xc nh s cc s thp phn sau du chm -Prefix, Suffix: nh tin t v hu t cho h thng thay i n v Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 100

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD 6. Hp thoi Tolerances nh dng cc bin lin quan n dung sai -Method: Chn cc ph-ng php ghi dung sai theo danh sch chn -Precision: Xc nh s cc s thp phn sau du chm -Upper Value/Lower Value: Sai lnh trn v d-i -Vertical position: im canh l ca ch s dung sai -Scaling for height: T s gia ch s dung sai v ch s kch th-c VI.2.3. Thit lp cc kiu kch th-c theo TCVN trong bn v mu 1. Thit lp kiu kch th-c theo TCVN trong bn v xy dng, kin trc 2. Thit lp kiu kch th-c theo TCVN trong bn v c kh Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 101

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Ch-ng VII: Cc lnh v v hiu chnh nng cao VII.1. Cc lnh v v to hnh VII.1.1. V -ng thng - Lnh Xline Lnh Xline dng to -ng dng hnh, l -ng thng khng c im u v im cui. Xline khng b nh h-ng khi nh gii hn bn v, khi thu phng hnh. Nu dng lnh Trim hoc Break xn mt u th Xline tr thnh Ray, khi xn hai u tr thnh Line Command line: Xline . Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: <Cc la chn to Xline> Specify through point: <Chn im th hai Xline> Cc la chn: Specify point: La chn mc nh dng xc nh im th nht m Xline s i qua. Sau chn tip im th hai m Xline i qua tip ti dng nhc Specify through point: Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 102

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Hor: To Xline nm ngang Ver: To Xline thng ng Ang: Nhp gc nghing to Xline Bisect: To Xline i qua phn gic ca mt gc xc nh bi ba im. im u tin ta xc nh nh ca gc, hai im sau xc nh gc Offset: To Xline song song vi mt -ng c sn VII.1.2. V na -ng thng - Lnh Ray Lnh Ray dng v na -ng thng. Ray t-ng t nh- lnh Xline nh-ng -c gii hn ti mt u Command line: Ray . Specify start point: <im bt u ca Ray> Specify through point: <im xc nh h-ng ca lnh Ray.> Specify through point: <Tip tc to lnh Ray hoc nhn Enter kt thc> VII.1.3. V hnh vnh khn - Lnh Donut S dng lnh Donut v a tuyn kn c chiu rng v c hai phn on l hai cung trn . Khi ph v bng lnh Explode th Donut tr thnh hai cung trn Command line: Donut . Specify inside diameter of donut <current>: <Nhp gi tr -ng knh trong, bng -ng knh cung tr chiu rng a tuyn> Specify outside diameter of donut <current>: <Nhp gi tr -ng knh ngoi, bng -ng knh cung tr chiu rng a tuyn> Specify center of donut or <exit>: <Nhp to tm Donut. Nhn Enter kt thc lnh > Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 103

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Lnh Fill Hnh Donut -c t mu hay khng tu thuc vo trng thi ON hoc OFF ca lnh Fill Command line: Fill . Enter mode [ON/OFF] <current>: Nhp ON hoc OFF VII.1.4. V on thng c chiu rng - Lnh Trace Lnh Trace v on thng c chiu rng nh tr-c Command line: Trace . Specify trace width <current>: <Nhp chiu rng on thng> Specify start point: <Nhp to im bt u> Specify next point: <Nhp to im cui on thng> Specify next point: <Tip tc nhp to im hoc nhn Enter kt thc lnh> VII.1.5. V min -c t - Lnh Solid to mt min -c t ta s dng lnh Solid. Lnh ny hon ton khc vi lnh 3D Solid. Mi 2D Solid c ba hoc 4 cnh. Nhiu hnh 2D Solid to thnh mt hnh phc Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 104

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Command Specify Specify Specify Specify line: Solid . first point: <Chn im th nht> second point: <Chn im th hai> third point: <Chn im th ba> fourth point or <exit>: <Chn im th t->

VII.1.6. V cc -ng song song - Lnh Mline, Mlstyle, Mledit VII.1.6.1. V -ng thng song song - Lnh Mline Lnh Mline dng v cc -ng thng song song, mi -ng song song -c gi l thnh phn (element) ca -ng Milne. Ti a ta to -c 16 thnh phn (16 elements) Command line: Mline . Current settings: Justification = current, Scale = current, Style = current Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: Cc la chn: -Specify start point: La chn mc nh, xc nh im u tin ca lnh Mline. Sau xc nh cc nh ca Mline Specify next point: <Xc nh im k tip> Specify next point or [Undo]: <Xc nh im k tip hoc U hu b phn on va v> Nu ta to Mline c s phn on nhiu hn 2 th s xut hin dng nhc bao gm cc la chn Close Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: <Xc nh im hoc s dng cc la chn> Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 105

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD -Justification: Xc nh v tr -ng Mline bng -ng tm (Zezo), -ng trn (Top - -ng nm bn tri -ng tm), -ng d-i (Bottom - -ng nm bn phi -ng tm) -Scale: t t l cho khong cch gia cc thnh phn bin -ng Mline. Ph thuc vo kiu -ng Mline ta nhp cc gi tr khc nhau -Style: Nhp tn kiu -ng Mline hoc nhp ? hin ln danh sch cc kiu -ng Mline Trnh t v Mline: 1. Nhp lnh Mline hoc hoc chn 2. Ti dng nhc lnh nhp ST chn kiu (Style) -ng Mline 3. Nhp tn kiu -ng Mline hoc nhp ? xut hin danh sch cc kiu -ng Mline 4. canh l -ng Mline ta nhp J v chn Top, Zezo hoc Bottom 5. thay i t l Mline ta nhp S v nhp vo gi tr t l mi 6. Ch nh im u tin Mline 7. Ch nh im th hai 8. Ch nh im th ba 9. Ch nh im th t-, th nm.. hoc nhp C ng -ng Mline hoc nhp Enter kt thc lnh VII.1.6.2. To kiu -ng Mline bng lnh Mlstyle Tr-c khi thc hin lnh Mline to -ng Mline ta phi to cc kiu Mline bng lnh Mlstyle. nh kiu Mline l xc nh s cc thnh phn (elements) -ng Mline, khong cch gia cc thnh phn, gn dng -ng v mu cho cc thnh phn, cc on u, cui v cc mi ni cc thnh phn... Command line: Mlstyle . Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 106

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Khi xut hin hp thoi Multiline Styles Cc la chn trn hp thoi Multiline Styles 1. Multiline Style Dng ghi kiu Mline, gi mt kiu Mline tr thnh hin hnh, to mi, i tn kiu Mline... Current: Tn kiu Mline hin hnh Name, Add, Rename: Dng to kiu Mline mi hoc i tn kiu Mline. u tin ta nhp tn kiu Mline vo son tho Name, sau nhn nt Add hoc Rename Description: son tho dng m t kiu Mline. Save..: Ghi mt kiu Mline thnh File v kiu ny tr thnh hin hnh Load...: Ti mt kiu file Mline c phn m rng *.MLN vo bn v hin hnh 2. Element Properties... Khi chn nt ny s xut hin hp thoi Element Properties. Hp thoi ny dng nh ngha cc thnh phn ca mt kiu Mline Mi thnh phn -c nh ngha bi khong cch so vi -ng tm. Ta c th gn mu v dng -ng cho mi thnh phn ca Mline bng cc hp thoi khi chn nt Color... v Linetype... -Nt Add dng nhp thm mt thnh phn cho Mline -Nt Delete dng xo mt thnh phn ca Mline - Offset dng nhp khong cch so vi -ng tm ca mt thnh phn Mline 3. Multiline Properties... Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 107

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Lm xut hin hp thoi Multiline Properties. Hp thoi ny xc nh cch th hin cc im u, im cui v cc cnh ni cc phn on ca Mline VII.1.6.3. Hiu chnh Mline bng lnh Mledit Lnh Mledit dng hiu chnh -ng Mline. C 12 ph-ng php khc nhau hiu chnh -ng Mline. Cc ph-ng php ny -c chia lm 4 nhm: Giao im (Crosses), ni ch T (Tees), gc (Corners) v ct (Cuts). Ta ch c th hiu chnh Mline (Opened Mline) Command line: Mledit . Xut hin hp thoi Multiline Edit Tools, ta chn 1 trong 12 ph-ng php hiu chnh bng cch chn vo hnh v v nhn nt OK 1. Crosses C ba ph-ng php hiu chnh trong nhm Crosses: Closed cross, Open cross, Merged cross -Closed cross To -ng giao kiu Closed cross gia hai Mline Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 108

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD - Open cross To giao dng Open cross gia hai -ng Mline. AutoCAD ct xn tt c cc thnh phn ca Mline th nht v ch cc xn cc thnh phn ngoi cng ca Mline th hai -Merged cross To giao dng Merged cross gia hai Mline 2. Tees Hiu chnh cc Mline giao nhau thnh dng ch T. Thc hin theo trnh t t-ng t Crosses -Closed tee To giao dng Closed tee (ch T) gia hai -ng Mline. AutoCAD xn (Trim) hoc ko di (Extend) Mline th nht n giao vi Mline th hai. Trnh t thc hin t-ng t Closed cross Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 109

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD -Open tee To giao dng Open tee gia hai -ng Mline. AutoCAD xn (trim) hoc ko di (extend) -ng Mline th nht n giao vi -ng Mline th hai -Merged tee To giao dng Merged tee gia hai -ng Mline 3. Corners To ni gc gia hai Mline -c chn. AutoCAD xn (trim) hoc ko di (extend) cc -ng Mline n giao im gia chng 4. Add Vertex Thm mt nh mi vo Mline Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 110

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD 5. Delete vertex Xo mt nh ca Mline 6. Cut -Cut single -Cut All -Wed All Cho php ct tng element ca Mline (cut single), ct tt c element ca Mline (cut all) hoc ni cc on ct (wed all) VII.1.7. To mt min Region v cc php ton i s Boole VII.1.7.1. To min bng lnh Region Lnh Region dng chuyn mt i t-ng (l mt hnh kn) hoc nhm cc i t-ng (c cc nh trng nhau) thnh mt i t-ng duy nht gi l Region (min). Region c cc tnh cht c bit nh-: - Ta c th kt hp vi Region n l bng cc php ton i s Boole (Lnh Union, Subtract v Intersect) to thnh Region a hp Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 111

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD -Region coi nh- l i t-ng mt phng. Mt phng ny -c xc nh bicc cnh v khng c cnh no tn ti trong chu vi ca Region. Region c th s dng khi to m hnh mt Region -c to bi tp hp cc i t-ng (Line, arc, circle, pline, spline, polygon, rectang, boundary...) to thnh mt hnh kn. Nu Region -c to thnh t nhiu i t-ng th chng phi c cc im cui (endpoint) trng nhau (khng c khe h hoc chng ln nhau). Mi nh ca Region l im cui ch ca hai cnh, khng chp nhn tt c giao im (khng l im cui) v cc -ng cong t giao nhau. Command line: Region . Select objects:<Chn i t-ng l mt hnh kn hoc i t-ng n> Select objects:<Tip tc chn i t-ng hoc Enter kt thc> VII.1.7.2. Cc php ton i s Boole i vi Region to cc hnh dng 2D ta c th dng cc php ton i s Boole i vi Region. u tin ta thc hin lnh Region chuyn cc i t-ng 2D thnh Region v sau thc hin cc php ton Boole nh-: Union, Subtract, Intersect 1. Cng cc Region - Lnh Union Lnh Union dng cng cc Region thnh Region a hp. Command line: Union . Select objects: <Chn Region> Select objects: <Tip tc chn Region hoc Enter thc hin lnh> 2. Tr cc Region - Lnh Subtract Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 112

C-ng Bi Ging Mn hc AutoCAD Lnh Subtract dng tr cc Region thnh cc Region a hp. Ph thuc vo trnh t chn i t-ng tr v b tr m ta thu -c cc Region a hp khc nhau Command line: Subtract . Select solids and regions to subtract from... Select objects: <Chn Region b tr> Select solids and regions to subtract... Select objects: <Chn Region tr v nhn Enter kt thc lnh> 3. Giao cc Region - Lnh Intersect Lnh Intersect dng to cc Region a hp bng ph-ng php giao cc Region Command line: Intersect . Select objects: <Chn cc Region v Enter thc hin lnh>

VII.2. Cc lnh hiu chnh i t-ng nng cao Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 113

Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD Ch-ng VIII: Lm quen vi AutoCAD 3D I. C s to v quan st m hnh 3d I.1. Gii thiu cc m hnh 3D Bn v 2D l tp hp ca cc on thng v -ng cong (-ng trn, cung trn, elip..) nm trong mt phng XY. Trong bn v 3D ta thm vo trc Z. M hnh 3D bao gm: + M hnh 2 12 chiu + M hnh khung dy Wireframe + M hnh mt Surfaces + M hnh khi rn Solids a. M hnh 2 12 chiu M hnh 2 12 chiu -c to theo nguyn tc ko cc i t-ng 2D theo trc Z thnh cc mt 2 12 chiu. Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT .. 114

Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD b. M hnh khung dy M hnh khung dy bao gm cc cnh (edge cn gi l -ng s-n hay -ng bin) l cc on thng hoc cong. Cc mt khng -c to nn v ch c cc -ng bin. M hnh ny ch c kch th-c nh-ng khng c th tch (nhmt), hoc khi l-ng (nh- khi rn). Ton b cc i t-ng ca m hnh u -c nhn thy. c. M hnh mt M hnh mt biu din i t-ng tt hn m hnh khung dy v cc cnh ca m hnh to thnh cc mt (face). M hnh mt ca hp ch nht ging nhmt hp rng, c cc cnh v cc mt nh-ng bn trong th rng. M hnh mt c th tch nh-ng khng c khi l-ng. M hnh dng ny c th che cc -ng khut v t bng. d. M hnh khi rn M hnh khi rn l m hnh biu din vt th ba chiu hon chnh nht. M hnh ny bao gm cc cnh, mt v cc c im bn trong. Dng cc lnh ct khi rn ta c th nhn thy ton b bn trong m hnh. M hnh dng ny c th tnh th tch v tnh cc c tnh v khi l-ng. M hnh dng khi a hp (Complex Solids) l s kt hp cc khi c s (Boxes, Cylinders, Wedges, Spheres...) bng cc php ton i s Boole (cng, tr, giao khi). Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT .. 115

Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD M hnh 3D dng mt v Solids c th che cc mt khut bng lnh Hide v t bng bng lnh Render hoc Shade I.2. Cc ph-ng php nhp to mt im trong khng gian ba chiu Trong bn v 3D nhp to X, Y v Z. H-ng trc Z vung gc vi mt phng XY v tun theo qui tc bn tay phi (ngn ci trc X, ngn tr trc Y v ngn gia trc Z) Biu t-ng xut hin ti gc d-i pha tri mn hnh ho gi l User Coordinate System Icon. Trn biu t-ng ny ta ch thy trc X v Y, cn trc Z vung gc vi mt phng XY ti gc ta nhp to mt im vo bn v ba chiu ta c 5 ph-ng php sau y: Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT .. 116

Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD + Trc tip dng phm chn (PICK) ca chut (kt hp vi cc ph-ng thc truy im ca i t-ng). + To tuyt i X,Y,Z: Nhp to tuyt i ca im so vi gc to (0,0). + To t-ng i @X,Y,Z: Nhp to ca im so vi im -c xc nh cui cng nht. + Ta tr t-ng i @disk<angle, Z: Nhp vo khong cch (disk), gc (angle) trong mt phng XY so vi trc X v cao Z so vi im -c xc nh cui cng nht trong bn v + To cu t-ng i @disk<angle1<angle2: Nhp vo khong cch (disk), gc (angle1) trong mt phng XY v gc (angle2) hp vi mt phng XY so vi im -c xc nh cui cng nht trong bn v. I.3. im nhn m hnh 3D Lnh VPOINT Lnh Vpoint dng xc nh im nhn n m hnh 3D (php chiu song song). im nhn ch xc nh h-ng nhn, cn khong cch nhn khng nh h-ng n s quan st. Tu vo im nhn m biu t-ng UCSicon xut hin trn mn hnh s khc nhau. Command: Vpoint . Rotate / <View point> <Ta im nhn X,Y,Z hin hnh>: Nhp to cc im nhn. Cc la chn: + To X,Y,Z (Vector): Nhp ta ca im nhn To 0,0,1 Hnh chiu bng (Top) 0,-1,0 Hnh chiu ng (Front) 1,0,0 Hnh chiu cnh (Side) Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT .. 117

Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD 1,-1,1 Hnh chiu trc o u (SE Isometric - h-ng ng nam) -1,-1,1 Hnh chiu trc o u (SW Isometric - h-ng Ty nam) 1,1,1 Hnh chiu trc o u (NE Isometric - h-ng ng bc) -1,1,1 Hnh chiu trc o u (NW Isometric - h-ng Ty bc) 2,-2,1 Dimetric 1,-2,3 Trimetric + Rotate: Xc nh v tr im nhn bng cc gc quay Enter angle in XY plane from X axis <Gi tr gc hin hnh>: Gc im nhn so vi trc X trong mt phng XY Enter angle from XY plane <Gi tr gc hin hnh>: Gc ca im nhn so vi mt phng XY + Compass and Axis Tripod Khi ta vo lnh Vpoint v nhn Enter (.) 2 ln (hoc chn View/3D Viewport/Tripod) th xut hin h trc to ng trn mn hnh. Ph thuc vo v tr con chy trn hai -ng trn ng tm ta thy cc trc X, Y, Z di chuyn v ta c cc im nhn khc nhau. Tm ca 2 -ng trn l cc bc (+Z), -ng trn nh l xch o (mt phng XY), -ng trn ln l cc nam (-Z). Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT .. 118

Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD I.4. To cc khung nhn tnh Lnh Vports Lnh Vports dng phn chia mn hnh thnh nhiu khung nhn, cc khung nhn ny c kch th-c c nh nn cn gi l khung nhn tnh. (TILEMODE = 1 .. Lnh Vports thc hin) Command: Vports . Save/Restore/Delete/Join/SIngle/?/2/<3>/4: La chn hoc nhn Enter (.) Ti a trn mn hnh c 16 khung nhn. Trong cc khung nhn -c to ch c 1 khung nhn hin hnh. Ta thc hin cc lnh ACAD trong khung nhn hin hnh. Mun cho khung nhn no l hin hnh ta -a mi tn vo khung nhn v nhn phm chn, khi trn khung ny s xut hin hai si tc v con chy. Khung nhn hin hnh c vin m hn cc khung nhn khc. Cc la chn: + Save: Ghi cu hnh khung nhn vi mt tn + Restore: Gi li tn mt cu hnh ghi + Delete: Xo mt cu hnh ghi + Join: Kt hp khung nhn hin hnh vi mt khung nhn khc vi iu kin l 2 khung to thnh mt hnh ch nht + Single: Chuyn khung nhn hin hnh l khung nhn duy nht trn mn hnh. + ? : Lit k cc cu hnh khung nhn t tn + 2: Chia khung nhn hin hnh thnh 2 khung nhn nh hn + 3: Chia khung nhn hin hnh thnh 3 khung nhn nh hn + 4: Chia khung nhn hin hnh thnh 4 khung nhn nh hn Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT .. 119

Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD Ta c th to cc khung nhn t hp thoi Tiled Viewports Layout (chn View/Tiled Viewports/Layout) cho php ta chn cc dng cu hnh khung nhn khc nhau. Kt hp gia 2 lnh Vpoint v Vports ta c th quan st m hnh vi cc im nhn khc nhau. Tuy nhin khi in ch in -c hnh nh trn khung nhn hin hnh. Mun in ton b cc hnh chiu ta phi to khung nhn ng (Floating Viewports Lnh Mview). Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT .. 120

Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD I.5. Quan st hnh chiu bng Lnh PLAN Khi thc hin lnh Plan s hin ln hnh chiu bng theo im nhn (0,0,1) cc i t-ng ca bn v theo mt h to m ta nh ngha. Command: Plan . <Current Ucs> / Ucs / World: Chn h trc to cn th hin hnh chiu bng Cc la chn: + Current UCS: H to hin hnh + UCS: H to ghi trong bn v + WCS: H to gc I.6. Che cc nt khut Lnh HIDE Lnh Hide dng che cc nt khut ca cc m hnh 3D dng mt hoc khi rn Command: Hide .

Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c

Khoa CNTT .. 121

Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD I.7. Lnh UCSicon Lnh UCSicon iu khin s hin th ca biu t-ng to . Nu biu t-ng trng vi gc to ti im (0,0,0) th trn biu t-ng xut hin du + . Command: Ucsicon . ON/OFF/All/Noorigin/ORigin <>: Nhp cc la chn Cc la chn: + ON/OFF: M/Tt biu t-ng to trn mn hnh v khung nhn + All: Th hin biu t-ng to trn mi khung nhn mn hnh + Noorigin: Biu t-ng to ch xut hin gc tri mn hnh + Origin: Biu t-ng lun di chuyn theo gc to (im 0,0,0 ca UCS) I.8. To h to mi Lnh UCS Lnh UCS cho php ta lp h to mi. To h to mi c ngha l thay i v tr gc to (0,0,0), h-ng mt phng XY v trc Z. Ta c th to UCS mi ti bt k v tr trong khng gian bn v, nh ngha, ghi v gi li h to khi cn thit. To nhp vo bn v tu thuc vo UCS hin hnh. Nu ta chia mn hnh thnh nhiu khung nhn tnh (Vports) th chng c cng mt UCS. Commad: UCS . Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT .. 122

Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD Origin/ ZAxis/ 3point/ OBject/ View/ X/Y/Z/ Prev/ Restore/Save/Del/?/ <World>: Nhp cc la chn Cc la chn: + Origin: To UCS mi bng cch thay i gc to , ph-ng chiu cc trc X,Y,Z khng thay i Origin point <0,0,0>: V tr mi ca gc to + Zaxis: Xc nh gc ca h to (Orgin) v ph-ng ca trc Z (Zaxis), mt phng XY vung gc trc ny. Khi chn Z dng nhc: Origin point <0,0,0>: Chn gc to mi Point on positive portion of Z-axis <current>: Xc nh ph-ng trc Z + 3point: H trc to mi xc nh qua 3 im Origin point <0,0,0>: Chn gc to mi Point on positive portion of the X-axis <current>: Xc nh ph-ng trc X Point on positive-Y portion of the UCS XY plane <current>: Xc nh ph-ng trc Y Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT .. 123

Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD + View: H to mi s song song vi mn hnh c im gc trng vi im gc h to hin hnh + X/Y/Z: Quay h trc to xung quanh cc trc X (Y,Z) hin hnh. Chiu d-ng ca gc quay theo chiu ng-c kim ng h vi im nhn t u trc v h-ng gc ta . Rotation angle about X(Y,Z) axis <0>: Gc quay chung quanh trc X (Y,Z). Gi tr quay nhp bng s hoc chn 2 im + Object: -a h to trng vi h to quy -c ca i t-ng -c chn Select object to align UCS: Chn i t-ng Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT .. 124

Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD Arc: tm ca cung s tr thnh gc to , trc X i qua im u ca cung gn vi im chn i t-ng nht Circle: Tm -ng trn tr thnh gc to . Trc X i qua im chn i t-ng Dimension: im gia ca ch s kch th-c tr thnh gc to . Trc X s song song vi trc X ca WCS v c chiu trng vi chiu m ta ghi kch th-c. Line: im cui gn vi im chn on thng l tm ca UCS mi. AutoCAD s chn trc X sao cho on thng ta chn nm trong mt phng XZ ca h to mi. Point: Tm im s tr thnh gc to ca UCS mi. 2D Polyline: im u tin ca a tuyn s l gc to ca UCS mi. Trc X nm theo h-ng n im th hai ca a tuyn. 2D Solid: im u tin ca 2D Solid l gc to ca UCS mi. Trc X nm theo h-ng ca -ng thng i qua hai im u tin ca Solid Trace: im u tin ca Trace (from point) s l gc to ca UCS mi. Trc X nm dc theo -ng tm ca Trace 3D Face: Gc to ca UCS mi l im u tin ca 3D Face. Trc X nm dc theo hai im u tin ca 3D Face. Trc Y i qua im u tin v im th t-. Trc Z xc nh theo quy tc bn tay phi. Shape, Text, Block...: im chn s l gc to mi. 1 II. M hnh 3D dng khung dy v mt 2 2 chiu. II.1. M hnh dng khung dy (Wireframe) Lnh Line, 3Dpoly, Spline, Pedit, Trim M hnh dng khung dy (Wireframe) l m hnh ch c cc cnh. Cc lnh to m hnh 3D khung dy l Line, 3Dpoly, Spline, Arc, Circle. Lnh Line v trong 3D t-ng t nh- lnh Line v trong mt phng hai chiu, nh-ng ta thm vo cao (trc Z) Cc cnh ca m hnh khung dy c th l cnh thng hoc cnh cong Cc cnh v nh ca m hnh khung dy phi tha mn cc iu kin sau: Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT .. 125

Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD + Mi nh c mt ta duy nht + Mi nh -c ni vi t nht 3 cnh + Mi cnh ch c 2 nh + Mi mt c t nht 3 cnh v to thnh mt vng kn a. a tuyn 3D Lnh 3Dpoly Lnh 3Dpoly to cc a tuyn 3 chiu bao gm cc phn on l cc on thng Command: 3Dpoly . From point: im u tin ca a tuyn Close / Undo / <Endpoint of line>: Nhp im cui ca mt phn on Close / Undo / <Endpoint of line>: Nhp im cui hoc . kt thc La chn: + Close: ng a tuyn bi cc -ng thng ni im u v im cui a tuyn + Undo: Xo mt phn on v v Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT .. 126

Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD b. V -ng cong Spline S dng lnh Spline v cc -ng cong trong khng gian. Command: Spline . Object / <Enter first point>: Chn im u ca -ng cong ..... V d ta v mt vng -ng xon c nhp to tr Command: Spline . Object / <Enter first point>: 50,0 Enter point: 50<30,5 . Close/Fit Tolerance/<Enter point>: Close/Fit Tolerance/<Enter point>: Close/Fit Tolerance/<Enter point>: ... Close/Fit Tolerance/<Enter point>: Close/Fit Tolerance/<Enter point>: Enter start tangent: . Enter start tangent: . Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c chung quanh gc ta bng cch . 50<60,10 . 50<90,15 . 50<120,20 . 50<360,60 . .

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Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD c. Hiu chnh a tuyn 3D Lnh Pedit hiu chnh cc a tuyn 3D ta dng lnh Pedit Command: Pedit . Select polyline: Chn a tuyn 3D cn hiu chnh Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/ Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo/eXit <X>: Cc la chn: + Close (Open): ng mt a tuyn h hoc m mt a tuyn kn + Spline curve: Chuyn a tuyn ang chn thnh mt -ng Spline + Decurve: Chuyn cc phn on ca -ng Spline, pline thnh cc on thng. II.2. Ko cc i t-ng 2D thnh mt 3D Elevation, Thickness Elevation: nh cao. Thickness: nh dy - l khong cch nh ra khi cao . Ta c th ko cc i t-ng 2D (Line, Arc, Circle, Pline...) theo trc Z thnh mt 3D (m hnh dng ny gi l 2 12 chiu) Cc thut ng: + Elevation: Gi l cao , l cao cc i t-ng 2D so vi mt phng XY v UCS hin hnh. + Thickness: Gi l dy (nu gi tr nh) hoc chiu cao ko cc i t-ng 2D theo trc Z. Thng th-ng ta gn cao v dy theo cc cch sau: Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT .. 128

Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD + nh bin ELEVATION v THICKNESS tr-c (bng lnh Elev) sau v cc i t-ng 2D + Sau khi v cc i t-ng 2D xong (lnh Line, Arc, Circle.....) ta s dng cc lnh hiu chnh (Change, Ddchprop, Chprop, Ddmodify) hiu chnh dy (THICKNESS) v lnh Move, Change chnh m hnh theo cao (ELEVATION) Cc i t-ng c th ko thnh mt 3D gm c: Line, Arc, Circle, Donut, Pline, 2Dsolid, Pline c chiu rng... + Hnh a gic ko thnh cc mt 3D h hai u + -ng trn, Donut ko to ra cc mt kn + Pline c chiu rng (Width) v 2D Solid ko thnh mt kn Khi gi tr bin ELEVATION khc 0 th mt phng lm vic s nm song song vi mt phng XY v cch mt phng ny mt khong bng gi tr ca bin ELEVATION. V d: V m hnh chic bn Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT .. 129

Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD III. 3Dface v cc mt 3D chun III.1. Mt phng 3D Lnh 3DFACE Lnh 3Dface to cc mt 3D c bn hoc ba cnh. Mi mt -c to bi lnh 3Dface l mt i t-ng n, ta khng th thc hin lnh Explode ph v cc i t-ng ny. Command: 3DFACE . First point: Chn im th nht ca mt phng (1) Second point: Chn im th hai ca mt phng (2) Third point: Chn im th ba ca mt phng (3) Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT .. 130

Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD Fourth point: Chn im th t- ca mt phng (4) Nhn Enter to mt phng tam gic Third point: Chn tip im th ba mt phng k tip hoc Enter Fourth point: Chn tip hoc Enter kt thc lnh khng xut hin mt cnh ca mt phng tr-c khi to cnh ti dng nhc ta nhp I (invisible) v t bin SPLFRAME = 0. lm xut hin cc cnh ca mt phng b che khut ta t bin SPLFRAME = 1 v thc hin lnh Regen. III.2. Che hoc hin cc cnh ca 3Dface Lnh Edge Lnh Edge dng che hoc hin cc cnh ca 3Dface Command: Edge . Display/<Select Edge>: Chn cc cnh cn che Cc la chn: + Select Edge: Chn cc cnh cn che, dng nhc ny s xut hin lin tc cho php ta chn nhiu cnh khc nhau. Khi kt thc lnh nhn Enter. + Display: Lm hin ln cc cnh -c che khut Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT .. 131

Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD III.3. Cc i t-ng mt 3D Lnh 3D (3D Objects) Cc i t-ng mt 3D (3D c s) -c to theo nguyn tc to cc khung dy v dng lnh 3Dface to cc mt tam gic v t gic. Khi ph v cc m hnh dng ny bng lnh Explode ta thu -c cc mt 3, 4 cnh v cc -ng thng ring bit. Do vi cc mt ny ta c th dng cc ph-ng thc truy bt im i vi cc on thng ca cc mt nh-: MIDpoint, INTersection, ENDpoint... Cc mt 3D chun c th to t cc lnh Revsurf v Tabsurf C 9 i t-ng chun mt 3D: + Box: Mt hp ch nht + Cone: Mt nn + Pyramid: Mt a din + Sphere: Mt cu + Torus: Mt xuyn thc hin to cc i t-ng 3D ta c th gi hp thoi 3D Objects bng lnh 3D hoc cc lnh: AI_Box, AI_Cone, AI_Dome, AI_Dish, AI_Shpere, AI_Pyramid, AI_Torus, AI_Wedge Command: 3D . [Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge]: La chn v cc mt 3D chun Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT .. 132

Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD a. Mt hp ch nht Box Lnh AI_Box La chn Box trong lnh 3D hoc lnh AI_Box dng to cc mt hnh hp ch nht. Command: AI_Box . Corner og box: Chn im gc tri pha d-i ca hp Length: Chiu di ca hp Khong cch theo trc X Cube/<Width>: Chiu rng theo trc Y Chn Cube to hnh hp ch nht vung Height: Chiu cao ca hp theo trc Z Rotation angle about Zaxis: Gc quay so vi trc song song vi trc Z v i qua im Corner of box. b. Mt nn Cone Lnh AI_Cone Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT .. 133

Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD La chn Cone hoc dng lnh AI_Cone dng to mt nn, nn ct v mt tr trn. Command: AI_Cone . Base center point: Tm ca vng trn y hnh nn Diameter/<Radius> of base: Bn knh vng trn y Diameter/<Radius> of top: Bn knh vng nh mt nn ct: Gi tr ny = 0 th ta -c mt nn. Bng bn knh vng trn y th ta -c mt tr trn. Height: Chiu cao hnh nn Number of Segments<16>: S cc -ng chy ni hai mt nh v y. c. Mt na cu d-i DIsh Lnh AI_Dish La chn Dish hoc lnh AI_Dish dng to mt na cu d-i. Command: AI_Dish . Center of dish: Tm ca mt cu Diameter / <radius>: Bn knh hoc -ng knh mt cu Number of longitudinal segments <16>: Cho s -ng knh tuyn Number of latitudinal segments <8>: S cc -ng v tuyn d. Mt na cu trn Dome Lnh AI_Dome La chn Dome hoc lnh AI_Dome dng to mt na cu trn Command: AI_Dish . Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT .. 134

Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD Center of dish: Tm ca mt cu Diameter / <radius>: Bn knh hoc -ng knh mt cu Number of longitudinal segments <16>: Cho s -ng knh tuyn Number of latitudinal segments <8>: S cc -ng v tuyn e. Mt l-i Mesh Lnh AI_Mesh La chn Mesh hoc dng lnh AI_Mesh dng to mt l-i 3 chiu. Cn xc nh 4 nh v cho mt M, N ca l-i (M, N nm trong khong 2256) Command: AI_Mesh . First corner: Chn im gc ca l-i (1) Second corner: Chn im gc th hai ca l-i (2) Third corner: Chn im gc th ba ca l-i (3) Fourth corner: Chn im gc th- bn ca l-i (4) Mesh M size: S mc l-i theo cnh (1)(2) t 2 n 256 Mesh N size: S mc l-i theo cnh (1)(4) t 2 n 256

f. Hnh a din Pyramid Lnh AI_Pyramid La chn Pyramid hoc lnh AI_Pyramid dng to mt a din (mt l cc mt phng tam gic hoc t gic) Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT .. 135

Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD Command: AI_Pyramid . First base point: im th nht ca y (1) Second base point: im th hai ca y (2) Third base point: im th ba ca y (3) Tetrahedron / <Fourth base point>: Chn im th t- ca y (4) hoc chn Tetrahedron th y l mt phng tam gic Ridge/Top/<Apex point>: Nhp ta nh a din Ridge: nh l mt cnh First ridge point: im th nht ca cnh Second ridge point: im th hai ca cnh Top: nh l mt tam gic hoc t gic First top point: im th nht ca mt nh Second top point: im th hai ca mt nh Third top point: im th ba ca mt nh Fourth top point: im th t- ca mt nh g. Mt cu Sphere Lnh AI_Sphere La chn Sphere hoc lnh AI_Sphere dng to mt cu Command: AI_Sphere . Center of sphere: Chn tm ca mt cu (1) Diameter / <radius>: Bn knh mt cu hoc -ng knh Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT .. 136

Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD Number of longitudinal segments <16>: Cho s -ng knh tuyn Number of latitudinal segments <8>: S cc -ng v tuyn h. Mt xuyn Torus Lnh AI_Torus La chn Torus hoc lnh AI_Torus dng to mt hnh xuyn Command: AI_Torus . Center of torus: Tm ca mt xuyn (1) Diameter / <radius> of torus: Bn knh hoc -ng knh vng xuyn ngoi Diameter / <radius> of tube: Bn knh hoc -ng knh vng xuyn trong Segment around tube circumference <16>: S cc phn on trn mt ng Segment around torus circumference <16>: S cc phn on trn mt ng i. Mt hnh nm Wedge Lnh AI_Wedge La chn Wedge hoc lnh AI_Wedge dng to mt hnh nm Command: AI_Wedge . Corner of wedge: Ta im gc mt Length: Chiu di hnh nm theo trc Width: Chiu rng hnh nm theo trc Height: Chiu cao hnh nm theo trc Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c y hnh nm (1) X Y Z

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Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD Rotation angle about Z axis: Gc quay chung quanh trc song song vi trc Z v trc ny i qua im Corner of wedge Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT .. 138

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