Large Hadron Collider (LHC), Novel Accelerator Technology (NAT) Superconducting Proton LINAC(SPL) & Compact Linear Collider

(CLIC)

Ongoing Indian Participation in CERN Accelerator Programmes

Purushottam Shrivastava & P. D. Gupta Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore
India and CERN : Visions for future collaboration (28th February and 01st March 2011) BARC Multi Purpose Hall, Anushakti nagar, Mumbai

Outline of the Talk

Accelerator activities: India-CERN Collaboration
Cooperation Agreement & Protocols Mode of contributions

Participation in Construction of Large Hadron Collider

Hardware contributions Participation in commissioning Software development

Beyond LHC : Novel Accelerator Technologies

Compact Liner Collider (CLIC)- Starting with CTF3 LINAC 4-Front end of Superconducting Proton LINAC (SPL) Supply of LEP RF equipment to India

Further activities planned/envisaged

The 1991 Cooperation Agreement with CERN

The 1996 CERN-DAE Protocol for LHC Collaboration

Mode of Contribution to LHC

India to make in kind contribution to LHC which will be valued @ European cost CERN & DAE have adopted a 50% model Half of European cost of an item is taken as Indian contribution to LHC; Other half credited by CERN to an Indian Fund, meant to support Indian scientists @ CERN & for other expenses. All the contributions to LHC to be administered through various addenda.

Indian Contribution to LHC

(RRCAT is the Nodal DAE Institute for this Collaboration)
Several institutes like BARC, RRCAT, VECC, IGCAR, ECIL, TIFR and several universities have contributed. Major delivery items and expertise include Hardware items Skilled manpower support for magnetic tests and measurements and help in commissioning LHC subsystems. Contributed to setting up large detectors: ATLAS, CMS, LHC-B and ALICE

In all 28 addenda have been executed. The major contributions were completed with the help of production at Indian Industries like ECIL, Hyderabad, Avasarala, Bangalore, IGTR, Indore etc. DAE has provided subsystems & skilled manpower support of 44MCHF for LHC

India has been accorded Observer State status (2002)

1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Completed Indian Contributions for LHC accelerator machine 50000 litres Liquid Nitrogen tanks. Superconducting corrector magnets : Sextupole (MCS) Decapole and Octupole (MCDO) Precision Magnet Positioning System (PMPS) Jacks Quench Heater Power Supplies QHPS Integration of QHPS units into racks Control electronics for circuit breakers of energy extraction system Local protection units (LPU) SC Dipole magnet measurements, expert support. Expert support for Commissioning LHC Hardware, like, Cryogenics, Controls, Power converters, Protection systems Data management/analysis software upgrade and projects Development of JMT-II software Software dev -slow control of Industrial Systems of LHC Design calculations for Vacuum system for beam dump line Analysis of cryo-line jumper and magnet connections

Qty 2 1146 616 7080 5500 6200 70 1435 100 Man yrs. Upto 20 Man yrs. 41 Man yrs. equivalent

Glimpses of Hardware Supplied to CERN

Superconducting corrector magnets : Sextupole (MCS) &Decapole and Octupole (MCDO)

MCS and MCDO corrector magnets in Main Dipole Magnet of LHC

Corrector Magnets ( 616 MCDO & 1146 MCS )

Corrector Magnets were used to correct the systematic field errors of the LHC Main Dipole magnets. They share the same cryostate as that of Main Dipole. Their proper functioning is as important as Main Dipole.

Glimpses of Hardware Supplied to CERN

Quench Heater Power Supplies QHPS 5500 Nos

protection of super conducting magnets in LHC in case of magnet quench QHPS energize the heater strips inside the magnets. Mains power : 230V, 50 Hz Nominal charging voltage : 2x450V Time constant : 78 ms Charging time : 25 minutes Stored energy : 2.9 K Joules Trigger : 12 V to 0 V Power consumption : 15 watts Production by ECIL, Hyderabad under supervision of BARC QHPS and LPUs installed in LHC tunnel

Glimpses of Hardware Supplied to CERN

Local protection units (LPU) 1435 Nos.

QHPS and LPUs installed in LHC tunnel Brief technical specifications of DQLPUs: Detects the Quench and triggers the Quench Heater Power supplies Identifies the quenches in any state of the powering cycle of the accelerator. Quench detection at: The magnitude of the Quench signal is more than 100 milli volts. The time duration is more than 10 milli seconds. The DQLPU transfers the Quench data to the higher level LHC control system through data field bus link. Breaker Control Opens the interlocking current loop which initiates machine modules protection system. Production by ECIL, Hyderabad, India.

Glimpses of Hardware Supplied to CERN

Precision Magnet Positioning System (PMPS) Jacks 7080Nos.

Deflection of jack body under transverse load.

Prototype jacks under String-2 at CERN. Industrialized with Avasarala, Bangalore and IGTR, Indore under RRCAT supervision.

Participation in the commissioning of Hardware subsystems of LHC

H/W Commissioning in LHC Tunnel

Participation in
Hardware installation for quench protection systems Test setup installations Cooling stations adjustments Attending to faulty components

14

Hardware Commissioning in the CERN Control Centre

Participation in powering tests for all the sectors of LHC
Powering of a group of supplies in sector 4-5
The Control Panels

The Profile of currents in Magnets

15

Indian Participation in LHC Commissioning

Cryogenic experts from RRCAT, participated in analysis of performance data generated during commissioning of LHC cryo-systems to help debug the deficiencies.

For example: a) Source of excessive frosting on the Distribution Feed Boxes. b) Re-evaluation of safety valve size to withstand different accidental conditions

Further participation in LHC commissioning

Testing of New Quench Protection System (nQPS) by Indian experts

Symmetrical Quench detector card programming

High voltage test set up

nQPS racks functionally tested by Indian team @CERN. Tests include: Programming the boards High Voltage test Basic Communication Power Cycle test Interlock Test Threshold and trigger test Gain error & offset measurement test. Threshold and trigger test

Splice detector

Racks ready for installation

5 officers experienced in QPS comm. were deputed at CERN for nQPS commissioning

DAE-CERN Collaboration beyond LHC

CERNs Novel Accelerator Projects :
Compact Linear Collider (CLIC)Test Facility
CERN is setting up CLIC Test facility CTF3 to test a concept in which a high intensity electron beam generates high microwave power at 12 GHz which in turn is used to accelerate another low intensity beam to high energy. This novel concept will reduce the size and cost of a linear collider significantly.

Linac-4 project is to develop a linear accelerator as a front end for the superconducting proton linac which is planned to upgrade the luminosity of LHC machine in future.

Linac-4, the front end of Superconducting Proton Linac

Participation in the above programs is highly beneficial to Indian accelerator projects.

Grid Computing and LCG Activities

DAE CERN Collaboration Beyond LHC: Protocol for Development of Novel Accelerator Technologies, NAT
NAT envisions DAEs participation in CERNs LINAC-4 & CLIC Test Facility-3 projects & CERNs contribution to DAEs programs by way of delivering hardware.

Indian presentation to Working Group on Scientific &

CLIC TEST FACILITY3 @ CERN

Aim: Establish principle of a 3-5 TeV e+- e- Collider using (1) A drive beam to create 12 GHz RF source (2) Extract RF power via PETS & (3) Use RF power to accelerate e+-e- beams for collision.
X 2 Delay Loop

Drive Beam Injector

Drive Beam Accelerator 16 structures - 3 GHz - 7 MV/m

3.5 A - 1.4 s 150 MeV

X 5 Combiner Ring Two-beam 150 MV/m Test Area 30 GHz

DU MP

DUMP

F D D

F F

TBL
D

DU MP
F F D F D F D F D F D F F D

D D

D F D

DUMP

D F D

30 GHzTeststand
DF D DF D D

D F D

P DUM

D F D

DU

MP

D F D

LIL - ACS LIL-

DF

FD

LIL -ACS

Probe beam injector

DUMP

ITB

D F D

1m wide passage all around

30 GHz and Photo injector test area

India contributed to construction & commissioning of TL2 of CTF3

Contributions to CLIC/CTF3
Addendum CTF3/B.1 Details of the contribution Design, development and magnetic tests of short and long dipole magnets for TL2 Design, Development and vacuum tests of Dipole vacuum chambers, straight vacuum chamber (Race track and circular profiles) Optics design studies, simulations, analysis and results of TL 2 of CTF 3 Expert support for of CTF3 controls commissioning Expert support for commissioning and operation of control systems for CTF3 Expert support for commissioning and operation of control systems for CTF3 Quantity 2 Long (30.75), 3 Short(17.2) 5 31 22 03 Dipole Cylindrical Race track Cylindrical bent Status Completed. All magnets received and installed at CERN. Completed. All vacuum chambers received and installed at CERN.

CTF3/V.1

CTF3/T.1

9 Man months

Completed.

CTF3/M.1

5 Man months 18 Man months

Completed Completed.

CTF3/M.2

18 Man months

CTF3/M.3

Began in Feb 2010. One officer deputed.

Optics Design of TL2 & Participation in Commissioning

Transport Line-3(TL3) Joining Booster Synchrotron to Indus-2

Transport Line 2 (TL2) for CTF3

Hardware & Software Development for TL2 of CTF3

5 dipole bending magnets 62 Vacuum Chambers (Race track and round profiles) Software for CTF3 controls

@ RRCAT

@ CERN

Vacuum chambers and dipole magnets for CTF3

Vacuum Chambers installed in TL2 of CTF 3 at CERN

Race Track Profile Vacuum Chambers installed

Circular Profile Vacuum Chambers installed

End part of TL2 entering TL2 in CLEX area at CERN CTF3 Site

Pictures of RRCAT built CTF3 hardware installed @CERN

Software development for CTF3 Controls

Screenshot of Linac, Delay loop and Combiner ring orbits Display

Screenshot of TL2 Orbits Display

SPL (LINAC 4) Collaboration

Collaborations for R & D on Linac4

INDIA: klystron power supplies, RF structures
95 keV
HLEBT source

3 MeV

40 MeV

90 MeV

160 MeV

RFQ

chopper line

DTL
80 m

CCDTL
352 MHz

SCL
704 MHz

transfer line to PSB

CHINA: quadrupoles, magnets SAUDI ARABIA: RF prototypes

Envisaged collaboration in LINAC 4 : Solid state modulators & components, RF waveguide components & structures, Alignment jacks, power couplers for DTL tanks, Vacuum pumps and controls units, Participation in commissioning of LINAC 4
Courtesy: Maurizio Vretenar , CERN

Preliminary Schematic of High Energy Proton Linac

H- Ion Source LEBT RFQ MEBT DTL DTL/SFDTL/ SCRF SSR SCRF cavities

50 keV

3 MeV

20 MeV

100 -150 MeV

1GeV (or higher )

Super Conducting Proton LINAC Program at CERN

Status of Contributions to LINAC 4

Addendum

Details of the contribution Supply of LEP dismantled reusable RF components to DAE for use in SNS/ADS projects

Quantity 4 Klystrons 4 Circulators 4 sets of Waveguide hardware

Status Two 1MW CW LEP klystrons received and tested at RRCAT. Two 352.2 MHz 1MW CW circulators received. Third klystron delivered to BARC and fourth has arrived at RRCAT. Two more circulators expected to reach India.(March 2011) Completed as per Addendum Schedule. Modulator shipped and commissioned by RRCAT engineers at CERN . Final acceptance received. Invoice under preparations. One officer deputed for 3 months to work on LINAC 4 ion source commissioning.

P074/ LEP. 1

LINAC4/ KM.1

Design, development and supply 1 of prototype 100kV, 20A solid state modulator for LINAC 4 project. Expert support for commissioning & operation of LINAC 4 18 Man months

LINAC4/ M.1

Contributions to LINAC 4
Prototype Solid state modulator for 1MW LEP Klystron was designed & developed by RRCAT for use in LINAC 4 DTL Test Stand & has been commissioned by RRCAT at CERN. Major Specifications: Voltage Current Pulse duration Repetition rate Klystron Arc limit 100kV 20Amp 800 sec 2Hz 10 J

The pulse modulator was tested at full ratings and accepted by CERN team at RRCAT. This was shipped and integrated into CERN Test Stand and was commissioned by us and accepted by CERN. The addendum is completed.

Solid State Bouncer Modulator for LINAC 4 Project

All Solid state hard switched Bouncer Klystron Modulator Scheme RRCAT had proposed three types of designs : a)Conventional line type modulator b) Solid state modulator with bouncer circuit for droop compensation c) Solid state modulator with active droop compensation. The solid state design with droop compensation with bouncer was chose for development and prototyping.

Test Results of Modulator for LINAC 4

The all solid state bouncer modulator for LEP 1 MW klystron for LINAC 4 project at CERN was successfully designed, developed and commissioned by RRCAT has been shipped and commissioned by RRCAT at CERN. The contribution is completed as per commitment. Modulator passed all tests and accepted by CERN.

Results of acceptance tests at CERN. 100kV, 20A, 800 sec, 2 Hz

Participation in commissioning of Ion-source of LINAC 4

Commissioning of the 2 MHz RF multicusp H negative ion source. Independent operation, testing and measurements of the 2 MHz RF multicusp H negative ion source parameters. Design study of electron dump with and without focusing effects using solenoid coils to dump the electrons which are being extracted along with H negative ion beam using Opera-3D software.

Shipment of 1.3 MW klystrons from CERN for Indian ADS/SNS project

Two klystrons received earlier were tested to 1.3 MW pulsed output power at 352.2 MHz at high power tests stand developed at RRCAT. Two 1.3 MW circulators and waveguide components were received earlier

WR 2300 waveguide components & circulator.

Third klystron (1.3MW, 352.2 MHz CW) delivered to BARC for LEHIPA Project

Forth klystron received at RRCAT in Dec 2010.

1 MW 352.2 MHz Test Stand with LEP TH 2089 Klystron and 100kV All solid state bouncer modulator developed by RRCAT
100kV Solid state modulator developed at RRCAT
352.2 MHz, 1MW LEP Klystron

Directional coupler & Harmonic filter

WR 2300 Waveguide transmission line with dummy loads

Items identified for further contributions

CLIC/CTF3 1. PETS bars for CTF3. 2. Commissioning and software development for CTF3 controls. SPL/LINAC4 1. Precisions stands/jacks for LINAC4 DTL tanks. 2. Waveguide components and couplers for LINAC4. 3. Vacuum components/pumps and control units for LINAC4. 4. Commissioning of LINAC4.

Extension of 1991 Cooperation agreement and related protocols in 2010

Extension of 1991 Cooperation agreement and related protocols in 2010

Extension of Cooperation Agreement and Protocols

1991 Co-operation Agreement, between the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) of the Government of India and CERN, concerning the future development of scientific and technical co-operation in the research projects of CERN which was valid till 28 March 2011 has been further extended to remain in force until 28 March 2016 and unless otherwise specified.. Shall continue to be in force until 28 March 2021. 1996 Protocol concerning participation in the Large Hadron Collider Project (LHC) (P002/LHC), which was valid till 28 March 2011 has been extended until 28 March 2016. Protocol concerning collaborative work in the framework of the development of computing and computational Grid technology for LHC at CERN (P060/LHC) which was valid till 31 December 2010 has been extended until 1 January 2016. The Protocol concerning the further development of Novel Accelerator Technologies (P074/LHC) shall remain in force automatically with the extension of the 1991 Co-operation Agreement.

Microwave Power Extraction and Transfer Structures For CTF3

Power Extraction and Transfer Structures (PETS) extract power from drive beam and deliver this power to main accelerating sections to achieve upto 100MV/meter accelerating gradient. Crucial and high technology items for CTF3 success. Typical assembly of 8 PETS without vacuum envelop

Microwave Power Extraction and Transfer Structures

Development of Prototypes in India Two 800 mm PETS bar fabricated at industry were sent to CERN. One of the bar made at Godrej has been accepted with some minor suggestions for improvements. Next prototype with corrections is under fabrication and will be sent to CERN for final qualifications in March/April.

Production of 64 such bars in India in envisaged after satisfactory acceptance of final prototype.

Prototype Sputter ion pumps and control units for LINAC 4

Sputter ion pump power supplies

LINAC 4 DTL power coupler prototype development at RRCAT

Pulsed Proton LINAC and SCRF related activities at RRCAT

Development of Frontend Components for HPulsed LINAC @ RRCAT

First segment of prototype 352.2 MHz 3MeV RFQ

Plasma chamber for H- ion source

Beam extraction chamber

NdFeB magnets for generating multi-cusp field geometry

This will house beam extraction electrodes

Fabricated in Al to validate the design

Processing and Performance Evaluation of Single Cell 1.3 GHz SCRF Nb Cavity made by RRCAT
Two single cell Nb cavities jointly developed by RRCAT and IUAC were sent to FNAL for processing and performance evaluation.

Initial performance evaluation in a Vertical Test Stand at 2K provided acceleration gradient of 21 MV/m. Further processing of the cavity improved the accelerating gradient to 23 MV/m.

March 5, 2010 Dec 17, 2010

Development of Multi-Cell SCRF Cavity

Fabrication of a prototype multi-cell (7cell) cavity in Nb with simple beam pipe has been taken up. Initially the fabrication for process development is started using Aluminum material.

End Cells

Dumb-bells

Infrastructure for SCRF Cavity Development

Infrastructure installed
Cavity forming facility Electro-polishing setup Centrifugal barrel polishing machine High pressure rinsing

Cavity forming facility

Electro-polishing setup

Centrifugal barrel polishing machine

High pressure rinsing Set up

3-D Model of 650MHz cryomodule in UGNX-4

Modified Cavity Support System of 650MHz Cryomodule

3-D model of Horizontal Test Stand -2 a developed at RRCAT

Cross Section of 650 MHz Cryomodule

Magnified view of the Cavity Support System of the cryomodule Low RRR Nb End Group Fabricated at RRCAT

Testing of prototype of cryogenic support post in UTM at RRCAT.

Indi genous Development for Helium Liquefier

On August 14, 2010, Helium liquefaction achieved for the first time in the country using indigenously developed system

Temperature inside the container after J-T Valve

Produced more than 150 litres of Liquid Helium in its maiden run, with an average liquefaction rate of 6 lit/hr.

Next Step..Advanced Solid state modulator design CONVERTER MODULATORS for pulsed proton LINAC
TX1

L1
D1

HF DC-AC CONVERTER-1 Fs=25 kHz 1200 V DC BUS HF DC-AC CONVERTER-2 Fs=25 kHz

10mH

C1 5n

TX3

HF DC-AC CONVERTER-3 Fs=25 kHz H.F. RECTIFIER CONVERTER MODULES CONTROLLER O/P FEEDBACK

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

KLYSTRON

TX2

Converter Modulator Output

Parameters Pulse width [ms] Output voltage [kV] Output current [A] Repetition rate [pps] Peak power [MW] Solid state switch DC link voltage [kV] Rise and Fall time [s] Flattop ripple [%] 1.0 100 20 50 02 IGBT 1.2 ~100 0.5

Features Loss less resonant switching of IGBT switches @ 25kHz Phase shifted operation Effective use of non ideal components of H.F. transformer Very low stored energy at the output filter (<20J) No need of Crowbar protection Modular design Compactness

Thank You!
http://www.rrcat.gov.in/