Combined Gas Laws

Warm-up - Pressure
1. As you move down through the ocean levels, the pressure outside of an object increases. What happens to the volume of a balloon as it descends (goes down) through the ocean layers? 2. Why does soda go flat when you leave the lead off the bottle?

Figuring the change!

Boyle noted that when the pressure against an item decreases, the volume increased. (A balloon going up into the air!) Also, as the pressure increases, the volume decreases (A balloon going down through the ocean layers!). This is expressed mathematically like this:

P1 V1 = P2 V2

In addition,
Charles realized that there was an inverse (reverse) relationship between volume and temperature. That can be expressed mathematically like this:

V1 = V 2 T1 T2

All together, we call this the Combined Gas Law

Mathematically it is expressed like this:

P1 V1 = P 2 V2 T1 T2

Units of measure
Volume = cm3, m3, mL, L Temperature = o C (Celsius), K (Kelvins) Remember o C = Kelvins + 273
Pressure = atm (atmospheric pressure), mm of Hg (millimeters of Mercury)

How to solve
If I initially have 4.0L of gas at a pressure of 1.1 atm, what will the volume be if I increase the pressure to 3.4 atm?
1) First write what is given and what is missing V1 = 4.0L V2 = ? P1 = 1.1 atm P2 = 3.4 atm T1 = ? T2 = ?

If I initially have 4.0L of gas at a pressure of 1.1 atm, what will the volume be if I increase the pressure to 3.4 atm? 2) What are we solving for?
3) What do we not need to know, if any? V1 = 4.0L V2 = ? P1 = 1.1 atm P2 = 3.4 atm T1 = ? T2 = ?

4) Substitute 1 in the Combined Gas Law for the items that you dont need, if any. PV =P V 1 1 5) Change temperature (if used) to Kelvins. 6) Plug in your numbers for the variables and solve. 1.1(4.0) = 3.4 (V2 ) T T
1 1 2 2 1 2

6) Solve!
a) 1.1(4.0) = 3.4 (V2 ) T T b) 1.1(4.0) = 3.4 (V2 ) c) 4.4 = 3.4 V2 d) 4.4 = V2 3.4 e) 1.29 = V2
1 2

Try again!
People who are angry sometimes say that they feel as if theyll explode. If a calm person with a lung capacity of 3.5 liters and a body temperature of 36 o C gets angry, what will the volume of the persons lungs be if their temperature rises to 39 o C? 1) First write what is given and what is missing V1 = V2 = P1 = P2 = T1 = T2 =

Try again!
1) First write what is given and what is missing V1 = V2 = P1 = P2 = T1 = T2 =

2) What are we solving for? 3) What do we not need to know, if any? V1 = V2 = P1 = P2 = T1 = T2 = 4) Substitute 1 in the Combined Gas Law for the items that you dont need, if any. 5) Change temperature (if used) to Kelvins. 6) Plug in your numbers for the variables and solve.

One more time!

A toy balloon has an internal pressure of 1.05 atm and a volume of 5.0L. If the temperature where the balloon is released is 20 o C, what will happen to the volume when the balloon rises to an altitude where the pressure is 0.65 atm and the temperature is -15 o ? 1) What do you have and what is missing, if anything.

2) What are we solving for?

3) What do we not need to know, if any? 4) Substitute 1 in the Combined Gas Law for the items that you dont need, if any. 5) Change temperature (if used) to Kelvins. 6) Plug in your numbers for the variables and solve.