Pht huy tnh tch cc, sng to ca hc sinh lp 10B5 Trng PTTH Nh Thanh qua vic khai thc

Bi tp 4c n tp chng 2 hnh hc 10
------------------- ---------------------I. M u : Bi 4C n tp chng 2 hnh hc 10 l bi : Chng minh rng trong ABC ta c: SinA = SinBCosC + (1) CosBSinC a s hc sinh trung bnh trong lp gii c bi ny, tuy vy, vic khai thc bi tp ny trong hc ton 10 li kh th v ; n gip h tip cn sm hn vi mt lot cc bi tp hay m l ra 1 nm sau h mi gii c, lm cho hc sinh trong lp c mt s cng c hp l tip cn sm vi cc bi ton thi i hc v cao ng. Vic khai thc ng thc (1) c tin hnh theo hai hng : 1. Xy dng cc cng thc cng trong phm vi cc gc ca mt tam gic, trn nn kin thc hnh hc 10 2. Cc bi tp c th p dng c vo thc t dy hc. II. Ni dung chnh ca vic khai thc bi 4c n tp chng 2 hnh hc 10 (gi tt l bi 4c ) 1. Xy dng cc cng thc cng trong phm vi cc gc ca mt tam gic. a/ Cng thc cng th nht: V : B+C = 180o A nn : (1) Sin(B+C) = SinBCosC + CosBSinC A (2)

B C b/ Cng thc cng th 2 : trong ABC ta c : Cos(B+C) = CosBCosC - SinBSinC chng minh : v : B+C = 180o - A nn : Cos(B+C) = - CosA Cos(B+C) = Cos(B+C) =
b2 + c2 a2 2bc

(3)

4 R 2 Sin 2 A 4 R 2 Sin 2 B 4 R 2 Sin 2 C 2.4 R 2 SinBSinC

Sin 2 A Sin 2 B Sin 2 C 2 SinBSinC

(nh l sin)

Cos(B+C) =

(*)

p dng bi 4c vo (*) ta c : (*) Cos( B + C ) =

( SinBCosC + CosBSinC ) 2 Sin 2 B Sin 2C 2 SinBSinC

Cos(B+C) =
Sin 2 B (Cos 2 C 1) + Sin 2 C (Cos 2 B 1) + 2 SinBSinCCosBCosC 2 SinBSinC

Cos ( B + C ) =

2 SinBSinC (CosBCosC SinBSinC ) 2 SinBSinC

Cos(B+C) = CosBCosC SinBSinC a) BC, ta c : Sin(B-C) = SinBCosC -CosBSinC Chng minh: D thy : 0o B-C < 180o ta c: (4) Cng thc cng th 3 : trong ABC vi iu kin

Sin(B-C) =Sin[(180o -B )+C] (**) Trng hp1 : B=C, khi ny (4) hin nhin ng.

A' = B C o Trng hp 2: B>C, t : B' = 180 B C' = C

Th : (**) Sin(B-C) = Sin(180o -B )CosC + Cos(180o -B )SinC(p dng (2) trong ABC) Sin(B-C) = SinBCosC CosBSinC (pcm). d/ Cng thc cng th 4: Cos(B - C) = CosB.CosC + Hon ton tng t ta thu c: e/ Cng thc cng th 5, 6 : Trong ABC, c ngay cc cng thc cng th 5 v 6 sau y : tg(B+C) =
tgB + tgC 1 tgCtgB

A' , B' , C ' > 0 0 A'+ B'+ C ' = 180

vy A, B,C l 3 gc ca ABC khi ny

(5),BC

(6) (vi B+C 900)

tg(B-C) =

tgB tgC 1 + tgCtgB

(7)

B C vi 0 B C 90

nh vy 6 cng thc cng trong phm vi tam gic c xy dng hon ton bng p dng 4c v kin thc hnh hc 10. 2. Cc bi tp c th p dng vo thc t dy hc: Nhm 1 : Cc bi tp c tnh cht l thuyt :

a. Xy dng cc cng thc nhn i, h bc trong phm vi khng vt qu gc vung. b. Xy dng mt s cng thc bin i tch thnh tng, tng thnh tch trong phm vi cc gc khng qu gc vung. Nhm 2 : Cc bi tp gio khoa gii tch 11 c th gii c lp 10 : a) Bi 5 trang 49 ; bi 8b trang 49. (bi 4) b) Bi 15a, b trang 51
b

(bi 4)
c a SinBSinC

Nhm 3 : Mt bi tp luyn tp sau y: Bi 1 : Tam gic ABC c : CosB + CosC = (8)

Chng minh ABC l tam gic vung ( thi H Ngoi Ng 2000). Gii : (8)
bCosC + cCosB CosBCosC a SinBSinC

(9)

theo nh l Sin ta c: bCosC +cCosB = 2R(SinBCosC + CosBSinC) = 2RsinA = a ( p dng 4c). vy :

CosBCosC = SinBSinC (9) CosBCosC 0

Cos(B + C ) = 0 CosBCosC 0

A =900 . ( p dng cng thc 3). Bi 2: Cho tam gic ABC c 3 gc nhn. Chng minh rng : tga + tgB + tgC = tgA.tgB.tgC T tm gi tr nh nht ca cng thc : E = tgA + tgB + tgC ( thi cao ng cng ng tin giang 2003)

Gii : p dng cng thc : tg(B+C) =

tgB +tgC 1 tgB.tgC

(10) (Do B+C > 900)

M A = 1800 -(B+C) nn tg(B+C) = - tgA (Suy ra trc tip t nh l trang 35 bi 2 SGKHH10). Do vy : (10) -tgA = 1 tgBtgC tgA +tgB + tgC = tgAtgBtgC. Do ABC c 3 gc nhn nn tgA, tgB, tgC > 0, p dng bt ng thc cosi, ta c : tgA +tgB +tgC 3 3
tgAtgBtgC

tgB + tgC

(11)

M : tgA +tgB + tgC = tgAtgBtgC nn (11) tgAtgBtgC 3 3 tgAtgBtgC 3 vy minE = 3

3 3.

tgAtgBtgC

C du = khi A=B=C=600.

Bi 3: Tnh gc C ca ABC nu : (1+ CotgA)(1+CotgB) =2 (12). ( thi cao ng kinh t k thut thi bnh 2002). Gii : (12) (1 +
CosA CosB )(1+ SinA SinB

) =2

(SinA + CosA)(SinB + CosB) =2SinASinB SinACosB + CosASinB = -(CosACosB SinASinB) (13) p dng cc cng thc cng ta c: (13) Sin(A+B) = -Cos(A+B) SinC = CosC tgC =1 C = 450.

III. Li kt : Vic xy dng cc cng thc cng nh vic khai thc bi 4 C, n tp chng 2 hnh hc 10 m im nhn l vic chng minh cng thc cng th 2, c tc dng tch cc n vic hc tp ton ca hc sinh lp 10B5, gip cc em c thm cng c gii cc bi ton m l ra mt nm sau cc em mi gii c, t kch thch cc em my m tm hiu, sng to nhm t kt qu hc tp kh quan hn. Tm p dng ca cc cng thc xy dng kh rng cc v d nu trn ch l mt phn nh -Tin rng cc em hc sinh khi 10 trng ta v cc ng nghip s tm c nhiu p dng hay hn, lm phong ph thm vic dy v hc hnh hc 10 ti trng Nh Thanh.

Ti liu tham kho : 1. SGK Hnh Hc 10

2. Gii thiu thi tuyn sinh 20002003.