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Bo co thc tp cn b k thut trng i hc xy dng h ni

b mn cng ngh v t chc thi cng

bo co thc tp cn b k thut ngnh xy dng dn dng v cng nghip


Gio vin hng dn : Sinh vin thc hin Lp MSSV : : :

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut
A/ Mc ch ca t thc tp Sau khi hc ht cc mn hc trong chng trnh o to k s xy dung, sinh vincn ivo thc t sn xut ca cc n v xy lp, lm quen vi cc cng trng xy dng, t s b sung cho mnh nhng kin thc thc t, nhng nh hng ca cng vic. Qua t thc tp ny sinh vin s thu nhn c nhng iu b ch m trong nh trng khng th a ht vo chng trnh ging dy v cng pht hin nhng vn d cn gii quyt sau khi tt nghip. Mt khc cng l dp sinh vin thu thp ti liu chun b cho qu trnh lm tt nghip tt hn. V t thc tp c t chc trc khi sinh vin nhn n tt nghip nn cn c tn gi l thc tp tt nghip, qua sinh vin lm quen vi cng vic ca ngi k s khi sinh vin ra trng c th bt tay ngay vo cng vic thc t, rt ngn khong cch gia nh trng v x hi. B/ a im thc tp: c s gii thiu ca trng i hc Xy dng, em c c v thc tp tt nghip vi t cch l mt cn b k thut ti cng trng cng trnh xy dng T hp chung c CT-17 thuc khu th Nam Thng Long- H Ni do cng ty xy dng Lc Hng thi cng. Thi gian thc tp t 2/1/2006 n ngy 17/2/2006. Trong thi gian thc tp, em c trc tip tham gia v tham gia thi cng phn thn cng trnh t tng 10 n tng 13. C/Ni dung bo co thc tp: I/ Gii thiu v cng trnh: -Tn cng trnh: T hp chung c CT-17 thuc khu th Nam thng long- H Ni - a im xy dung: Khu th Nam thng long-Phng Xun La- Qun Ty H- H Ni -Ch qun u t : Cng ty TNHH pht trin khu th Nam Thng

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut
Citra Westlake City Development Co.Ltd - n v thit k : Cng ty t vn xy dng dn dng Vit Nam VNCC - T vn gim st: Cng ty t vn gim st Surbana - n v thi cng : Cng ty xy dng Lc Hng II/ Gii thiu v d n: y l khu chung c cao cp nm trong qun th Khu th mi Nam Thng Long. Ta nh bao gm 22 tng gm 2 tng k thut. Cng trnh c trin khai t thng 6/2005 n 4/2007 s hon thnh ( 22 thng ). Qua tm hiu v iu kin t nhin v x hi ti ni m cng trnh ang c xy dng, em nhn thy cng trnh c nhng thun li v kh khn sau y: iu kin thun li : + Cng trnh c mt tng i rng ri, nn thun li cho vic tp kt vt t , nguyn vt liu, my mc thi cng cho cng trnh cng nh vic vn chuyn ph thi i ra ngoi Thnh ph c nhanh chng, thun tin + Ra vo Cng trng: cng trng c hng ro cng trng cch ly vi khu vc xung quanh bng hng ro cao 2m, c cng ra vo ring. + H thng cp in li 1 pha, 3 pha c sn ngay ti mt bng Cng trnh. + H thng thot nc ngm v nc mt c sn trong khu vc, ch cn lp t b sung h ng ng b tng D=110 cng cc h ga b xung u vo h thot n c chung l c th gii quyt tt vn thot nc mt ngay c khi c ma bo ln xy ra. + Cng trnh nm gn trung tm Thnh ph nn vic mua bn cc loi thit b lp t cho cng trnh tng i thun tin, chng loi phong ph a dng. - iu kin kh khn :

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut
+ Thi cng nh cao tng trong khu vc dn c nn s gp kh khn trong vic m bo an ton cho con ngi cng nh cng trnh ln cn cho cng tc v sinh mi trng ( bi, ting n ...) + L cng trnh v tr gn trung tm Thnh ph cho nn vic vn chuyn ph thi v cung ng vt t gp kh khn trong cc gi cao im. + Vic bo m an ton, an ninh trong khu vc, vic gi v sinh mi tr ng v chng n cng nh vic gim thiu nhng nh hng khng tt n cc hot ng cng cng v cng trnh ln cn l ht sc cn thit. c bit l sinh hot cho khu dn c xung quanh. + Cng trnh thi cng bao gm nhiu cng vic phc tp trong iu kin thi gian thi cng ngn. III/ Gii php kin trc cng trnh m bo thng thong gi t nhin, mt ng c cu to kin trc n gin t hiu qu cng nng cao .

1/ Mt bng, mt ng, mt ct cng trnh

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut
2/ Phn tch gii php kin trc Cng trnh thc tp nm trong d n khu chung c cao cp v bit th cao cp thuc khu th mi Nam Thng Long. Cng trnh gm 22 tng vi tng chu cao xy dng l 77,6m, din tch sn l 1500m2.To nh khng c tng hm, tng mt c dng lm dch v, t tng 2 n tng 20 c thit k tr thnh cn h gia nh , cn 2 tng mi c dng lm tng k thut. Mi tng c 8 cn h gm 4 cn loi A v 4 cn loi B vi din tch mi cn l 145m2 cho cn loi A v 120m2 cho cn loi B. Cng trnh c thit k trn c s tn dng ti a cng nng ca mt cng trnh chung c , to ra s thoi mi v rng ri i vi ngi s dng. Mt iu d thy l gii php nh sng cho cng trnh rt c coi trng. Chng hn i vi cn h loi A, nh sng c ly t 3 mt cn h. Sau y l mt s ch tiu din tch cho tng cn h:

thng k din tch cn h - list of apartement


cn h loi a - apartement type a din tch sn :
floor area

cn h loi b - apartement type b din tch sn :


floor area

145m2 000m2

120m2 000m2

din tch s dng:


use area

din tch s dng:


use area

din tch p.khch v p.n: 40m2


living area kitchen

din tch p.khch v p.n: 36,8m2


living area kitchen

din tch p.bp: din tch p.ng 1:


bed room no.1 bed room no.2 bed room no.3 bed room no.4 wc1 wc2

10m2 10,5m2 11,2m2 11,2m2 16,5m2 3,0m2 4,2m2 1,5m2 5,5m2 2,0m2 x 2

din tch p.bp: din tch p.ng 1:


bed room no.1 bed room no.2 bed room no.3 wc1 wc2

9,7m2 10,5m2 9,1m2 15,3m2 3,0m2 4,2m2 2,8m2 3,7m2 2,0m2

din tch p.ng 2: din tch p.ng 3: din tch p.ng 4: din tch p.wc 1: din tch p.wc 2: din tch kho 1:
store

din tch p.ng 2: din tch p.ng 3: din tch p.wc 1: din tch p.wc 2: din tch kho 1:
store

din tch ban cng 1:


balcony no.1 balcony no.2

din tch ban cng 1:


balcony no.1 balcony no.2

din tch ban cng 2:

din tch ban cng 2:

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut

IV/ H thng kt cu Cng trnh l h b tng ct thp ton khi. Kt cu chu lc gm vch, li, ct, dm, sn trong kt cu chu lc ng chnh l li, vch. Li cha h thng thang my. Chiu dy ca vch, li t 300 n 400. Din tch tng cng ca vch, li l rt ln so vi din tch sn do cng ca nh tng ln ng k v tng kh nng chu ti trng ngang ca nh. H thng ct ca nh ch bao gm 2 hng ct theo trc F v trc C. Tit din ct gim t di ln trn, c 4 tng tit din ct thay i mt ln. H sn c chiu dy ln 220, 200,150 ( cho sn nh v sinh). Dm c kch thc kh ln : 1300* 600 , 850* 400 do c nhp ln , c th t ti 8m. V/ Cng ngh v t chc thi cng
1/ Trnh t thi cng :

Cn c vo yu cu cng vic v cc iu kin thi cng nu trn, qu trnh thi cng i hi phi tht hp l, trnh t thc hin cc bc cng vic phi ht sc khoa hc, m bo khng chng cho gy mt an ton trong qu trnh thi cng . C th v phng n v trnh t thi cng cc hng mc cng trnh nh sau : Nhn mt bng cng trnh ( v v tr, hin trng, mc cao , cc vn khc ca cng trnh trc ... ), nh v khu vc cn thi cng. Tin hnh dng hng ro cao 2m che chn ngn cch phm vi thi cng ca cng trnh vi khu vc hot ng ca cc cng trnh xung quanh cng trng, khu dn c. o mng . Lp dng cu thp ti v tr hp l bn trong cng trnh. Thi cng mng Thi cng khung dm sn b tng ton khi Thi cng hon thin, lp t ng dy, ng ng, thit b in, n c, ni tht... V sinh bn giao cng trnh .

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut

2/My mc thi cng : Ton b cc thit b c s dng cho cng trnh ny u l s hu ca Cng ty Lc Hng, hoc thu li ca cc i tc ca cng ty, truyn thng c uy tn lu nm.: - Thit b trc c: 1 b dng c trc c ( bao gm my kinh v, my thu bnh, thc, mt, mia, di, hp mc ng b ) - Cu thp: S dng 01 cu thp hiu TOPKIT- QTZ phc v cng tc thi cng b tng v vn chuyn vt liu theo phng ng. - Thng ti: vn chuyn vt liu ri, nh ln cao v thu hi ph liu sau hon thin, C 1 my vn thng T - 17 phc v cng tc thi cng. Trng ti 750kg Vn tc : 40/40 Cao : 150m - My xc: dng 02 my o bnh xch HITACHI dung tch gu 0.9m3. - My ct gch p lt: S dng 08 my ct cm tay trong cng vic ct gch, v cc cng tc hon thin khc. - My bm nc: phc v cho cng tc thi cng mng tng hm , b pht, b nc vv cng trnh s dng 02 bm n HonDa cng sut 20m3/h v 04 my bm n c LuckyGolstar ( LG ) ca Hn quc cng sut 6-8 m 3/h. v 02 bm nc p lc dng phun ma phc v ra xe t ra vo cng trng . phc v cng tc chng bi khi ph d , cng tc thi cng phn trt v bo dng kt cu b tng ti ch, cng trng dng 03 n 04 my bm Trung Quc . - My ct - un st thp:

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut
Cng tc gia cng ct thp c yu cu chnh xc cao cho mt khi l ng cng vic tng i ln nn cng trng s dng 2 b my ct un thp ca Trung Quc . Ton b ct thp c gia cng ti cng trng. - My hn in: S dng 03 my hn in xoay chiu 14 -24 KVA thi cng kt cu thp, lp t hoa st , v kovv. B ct hi dng oxi gas : 01 b ct ty cc lin kt trong cu kin b tng trong qu trnh thi cng. - My trn b tng v va: S dng 02 my trn b tng dung tch 350 lt, 04 my trn va dung tch 80 lt. - My m cc: thi cng m ln p t mng v s l nn mng ... cng trng s dng 04 my m cc chy xng Mikasa ca Nht cng sut 1.5 CV. - My bm b tng v xe vn chuyn b tng: Khi thi cng b tng bng b tng thng phm, cng tr ng s dng 01 my bm c cng sut 45 m3/ gi b tng. B tng c vn chuyn ti Cng trnh bng t chuyn dng, chng ti s dng xe Huyndai + SSangyoung ( 6.5 m3/ xe ) Tn sut hot ng ca xe : 9-10pht/1 xe - My mc thi cng b tng Ngoi ra cng trnh cn s dng cc loi my phc v cho cng tc b tng: m bn, m di, my xoa b tng v..v 3/Vn chuyn b tng cho thi cng: B tng c vn chuyn ti Cng trnh bng t chuyn dng, trn cng trng s dng xe Huyndai + SSangyoung ( 6.5 m3/ xe ) Tn sut hot ng ca xe : 9-10pht/1 xe Cc xe b tng khi ch b tng ti cng trng , b tng u c kim tra st.

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut

C 50 khi b tng li phi c 6 mu b tng tin hnh th nghim nn kim tra cng b tng.

Nu b tng khng t yu cu v st , xe b tng s b tr li.

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut
VI/ Bin php thi cng ct, vch: 1/ nh li ta trn mt bng thi cng: 1 ngy sau khi thi cng b tng sn, thun tin cho vic thi cng tng tip theo, cc k s trc c s dng cc dng c trc c v cc ng li trn mt sn. H thng li c v bng mc c bit kh phai theo cc bc sau: + Da vo cc mc c nh c sn, ngi ta v 2 ng li u tin. +Dng thc o t cc ng li u tin ngi ta v cc ng li tip theo. Cc ng li ny khng i qua trc tip cc trc cu kin.

2/ Cng tc ct thp ct : - Thp ct c ct, gia cng theo thit k ti xng gia cng thp v c buc thnh tng b v c vn chuyn ln cao bng cn trc thp.

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut

- u tin, cng nhn tin hnh ni 4 thanh thp 4 gc ca ct. - Thp ct hoc vch trong thi gian cha thi cng bao gi cng c vng thp ai di chn nh hnh s b khung thp ct. - Khi thi cng, ban u cng nhn s hn vng thp ai cao vt qu chiu cao b tng ct nh v khung ct to iu kin cho vic buc thp sau ny.

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut

- Tin hnh buc cc thanh thp tip theo. - Cng tc lp thp ct cn cng nhn : 1 ngi ngi trn vng thp ai c bn trn, 2 ngi lm nhim v chuyn thp v sau khi thp vo v tr th 3 cng nhn ny s c 2 cng nhn gi thp v 1 cng nhn buc thp. - buc thp ai, ban u cng nhn dng thc o khong cch gia cc thp ai, nh du v tr buc trn cc thanh thp dc. 3/ Cng tc cp pha ct: - Cp pha ct l nhng tm lm bng tre p c kch thc ln, dy 3mm, c ghp vi nhau thnh nhng tm c kch thc ph hp vi cu kin. Vn khun c sn bng st. Trc khi lp vn khun ngi ta ln du ln b mt vn khun to thun li cho cng tc tho cp pha sau ny.

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut

- lin kt cc tm cp pha vung gc nhau, cng nhn dng cc cht c dng nh hnh v

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut
- Sau khi cc tm cp pha oc ghp vi nhau, cng nhn lp cc gng ct bng g

Trong qu trnh lp cp pha, m bo lp ng v tr cp pha, ngi ta hn trc cc thanh thp c c di bng kch thc ct vo thp ca ct. Ngoi ra ngi ta cn gn sn vo thp ct cc con k c chiu dy bng chiu dy lp bo v b tng ct.

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut
chnh thng ng ca cp pha, ngi ta dng dy ri. Dng thc o khong cch t vn khun n dy ri theo c 2 phng, nu vn khun cha thng ng s c iu chnh thng qua cc thit b neo gi vn khun ct nh ging, tng ...

neo gi vn khun ct, u tin ta phi chn sn cc on thanh thp xung quanh ct, cc on ny c chiu cao cao hn mt sn khong 30cm, on thp ny c hn vo trong thp sn trc khi b tng sn.

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut
Hnh nh minh ha cc bin php neo ct :

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut
Nu c khe h khi lp cp pha ct, cng nhn s dng cc thanh g chn li.

- Cp pha ct c tho sau 6h hoc 12h ty theo iu kin thi tit. * Nhn xt: khe h gia cc tm cp pha kh ln, nguyn nhn ch yu l do cht lng cp pha khng tt v cp pha sau nhiu ln lun chuyn b cong vnh, cht lng gim. Khi b tng, nc xi mng chy ra ngoi lm gim cht lng b tng.

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut

4/ Lp cp pha vch - Cp pha vch c vn chuyn trc tip tng di ln tng trn i vi tm cp pha vch bin, cc tm cn li sau khi thi cng xong tng di s c vn chuyn xung t v c vn chuyn thi cng tip tng trn. Cc cng vic ny u c thc hin bng cn trc thp. - Cp pha vch cng l tm lm bng tre p c kch thc ln, dy 3mm, c ghp vi nhau thnh nhng tm c kch thc ph hp vi cu kin. Cp pha vch gm 2 phn, mi phn gm 2 tm vn vung gc nhau, c gia cng t di t.

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut

lp tm vn bin hoc mt trong ca vch lng thang my, trc khi lp vn, cng nhn khoan trc trong vch mt s l t cc thanh thp c nhm cc tm vn ny.

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut
Cc thao tc lp cp pha vch, iu chnh thng ng ca vch c thc hin tng t nh lp cp pha ct. Tuy nhin do vch c kch thc ln, neo gi vch, ngoi gng,tng v cc thanh gingcng nhn cn dng cc ti thp gia cng cho cp pha vch

i vi cc tm vch cnh nhau, cng nhn cn s dng thm cc kch u chng gia 2 vch

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut

5/ Cng tc b tng ct,vch: - b tng ct, trn cng trng , cng nhn s dng cn trc thp nng phu b tng, dung tch mi phu t 0,8-0,9m3 . B tng c trt qua ca x, theo ng dn bng cao su vo mng b tng trc khi vo ct.

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut
Vic m b tng c thc hin bng m di sau mi t b tng, Thi gian m t 25-30, tuy nhin chiu su cm m di khng ln trong khi chiu cao mi t b tng khng nh hn 0,9m. S d lm nh vy b tng trc khi c bm vo ct c cho thm nc t di t. Nhng lm nh vy cht lng b tng gim i ng k.

6/ Tho cp pha ct,vch: Cp pha ct, vch c tho 1 ngy sau khi b tng. Nguyn nhn l vn khun cn c lun chuyn nhanh thi cng cc tng tip theo. Hn na b tng s dng l b tng cng cao c s dng ph gia ng cng nhanh nn sau 1 ngy, cng b tng tho d cp pha. tho cp pha, cng nhn s tho dn cc dng c neo gi, tho cc cht ri g ri tng tm cp pha. i vi cc tm vch bin, cp pha s c nguyn, n ch c d khi cn cho thi cng tng tip theo. Cp pha ct, vch sau khi thi cng xong u c a tr xung mt t gia cng li trc khi thi cng tng tip theo.

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut
7/ Bo dng b tng: Khi thi cng cc tng trn cao, vic bo dng b tng l rt kh khn do trn thc t cng vic ny t c ch trng. Vic ny nh hng rt ln n cht lng b tng. Bng chng l b mt b tng cc cu kin kh sn si, c nhiu l rng.

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut
VII/ Cch thc t chc qun l, kim tra cht lng cng trnh Cht lng ca cng trnh ph thuc vo cc yu t sau : 1/ i ng th thi cng cng trnh 2/ Hnh thc php l qun l cht lng 3/ Vt t, nguyn vt liu dng trong cng trnh 4/ Qui trnh k thut thi cng cc hng mc cng trnh Do cng trnh s dng cc bin php sau kim tra cht lng cng trnh:
1/ Bin php th nht : Qun l cht lng cng trnh t hnh ng ca ngi th

Cht lng c lng vo lng. Ch c thanh ton lng v i iu kin cht lng cng trnh m bo, c xc nhn bi t KCS . Nng cao v mt trch nhim php l cng nh kinh t ca cc cn b k thut lm cng tc KCS . ng thi u t cho t KCS cc thit b kim tra cht l ng Nng cao quyn hn ca h . Phi c c cc Qui nh v cht lng trong qu trnh thi cng trong cng trnh v ph bin k lng n tng ngi th. S dng i ng th c tay ngh cao, cc cn b k thut c nhiu kinh nghim trong thi cng . Vic t qun l cht lng KCS thi cng phi c tun theo qui nh Qun l cht lng theo iu 46 ca Ngh inh 52/CP ngy 08/7/1999 ca Chnh ph v Quy nh Qun l cht lng cng trnh xy dng s 17/2000/Q-BXD ngy 02/8/2000 ca B trng B xy dng.
2/ Bin php th hai : Qun l cht lng bng Php lut :

n v thi cng c nhng cn b KCS chuyn mn trong thi cng cng trnh v.Cc hng mc cng trnh s phi c kim tra cht lng theo ng qui trnh Qun l cht lng ca Nh nc vi cc chng ch th nghim v cc bin bn kim tra cht lng.

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut
3/ Bin php th ba : Qun l cht lng t vt t , thit b a vo thi cng

Ton b vt t a vo thi cng cng trnh u c chng ch kim tra cht lng ca ni sn xut v ca c quan th nghim chuyn ngnh. Chng loi, mu sc, thng s k thut ...tun th theo ch dn thit k. Ton b thit b a vo thi cng cng trnh u c kim nh, m bo cc tnh nng k thut nh ghi trong Cataloge ca my C th i vi cng trnh ny, cc yu cu v vt t , thit b nh trnh by trong bin php t chc thi cng tng th.
4/ Bin php th t : Qun l cht lng theo quy trnh thi cng

Nhn thc c tm quan trng ca Cng trnh, v i mong mun c c nhng sn phm xy dng tt nht, cht lng hon ho, ngoi vic s dng cc bin php thi cng nh nu trn, kt hp thng xuyn kim tra cht lng cng vic ngay trn cng trng, n v thi cng lun tun th cc yu cu Qui phm hin hnh ca Nh nc trong tt c cc bc cng vic,

C th: 1 2 T chc thi cng TCVN - 4055 - 85 Qui trnh lp thit k t chc xy dng v thit k thi TCVN - 4252 - 88

cng.Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu 3 Hon thin mt bng xy dng.Tiu chun thi cng v TCVN - 4516 - 88 nghim thu 4 Nghim thu cc cng trnh xy dng TCVN - 4091 - 85 5 Kt cu BTCT ton khi. Quy phm thi cng v nghim TCVN- 4453 95 thu. BS 8110. 6 Kt cu BTCT lp ghp. Quy phm thi cng v nghim TCVN - 4452 - 95

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut
thu. 7 B tng. Kim tra nh gi bn TCVN - 5540 - 91 8 Kt cu thp. Gia cng lp rp v nghim thu. Yu cu TCXD - 170 - 89 k thut 9 Qui phm k thut an ton trong xy dng 10 Xi mng Pooclan ( nguyn cht v rn nhanh ) 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 , si dng trong xy dng. Yu cu k thut Ct xy dng. Yu cu k thut H thng tiu chun an ton lao ng. Qui nh c bn Kt cu gch . Qui trnh thi cng v nghim thu Cng tc t. Qui phm thi cng v nghim thu Cng tc hon thin trong Xy dng Thi cng v nghim thu cng tc nn mng Hng dn pha trn v s dng va trong xy dng Ct thp cho b tng Xi mng. Cc tiu chun th xi mng Nc dng trong b tng B tng nng. Bo dng t nhin Va xy dng Hng dn pha trn v s dng va xy dng Cng tc trc c Cc yu cu k thut cho b tng thng phm TCVN - 5308 - 91 TCVN- 2682 92 BS 12 TCVN- 1771 86 BS 882 TCVN- 1770 86 BS 882 TCVN - 2287 - 78 TCVN - 4085 - 85 TCVN - 4447 - 87 TCVN - 5674 - 92 TCXD - 079 - 80 TCVN - 4459 - 87 TCVN- 8874 91 BS 4449/ 4482 TCVN - 4487 - 89 TCVN- 4560 87 BS 812 TCVN - 5592 - 91 TCVN - 4314 - 86 TCVN - 4459 - 87 TCVN - 3972 - 84 BS 5328

VIII/ ng dng cc cng ngh mi t c cht lng tt trong cng v ic, m bo ti a s an ton trong qu trnh thi cng, trong nhng nm qua cng ty khng ngng u t v hc hi nhng thnh tu t c ca tin b khoa hc k thut trong v ngoi nc trong lnh vc xy dng hin i. Hiu r tm quan trng ca D n ny, cng trnh s dng nhng cng ngh tin tin nht, c th: Thi cng cc kt cu b tng bng b tng thng phm....

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut
Ton b h thng cp pha, gio c s dng bng h gio PAL, cc h thng vn khun thp nh hnh Vit Trung. a vo s dng ti cng trnh cc thit b my mc hin i : t chuyn dng v my mc nh my bm b tng, thng ti TP, cu thp TOPKIT QTZ .... Cc thit b ct, un st, my hn, my trn, my m ..... u l nhng thit b nhp ngoi, s dng tt v c tnh cng ngh cao. ng thi, trn cng trng,cc T i thi cng c o to chuyn su, c t chc cht ch cho mi phn cng vic, to nn c mt nhp thi cng hp l, nng sut cao, cht lng tt...

IX/Bin php an ton trn cng trng 1/ Cng tc an ton lao ng: Phi ch vn an ton lao ng cho cng nhn, cn b lm vic trn cng trng, thc hin theo ng quy phm TCVN 5308-91. Khi thi cng trnh m bo ng tin v an ton cho ngi v cc ph ng tin c gii ta cn phi tun theo cc nguyn tc sau:

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut
Ph bin qui tc an ton lao ng n mi ngi tham gia trong cng tr ng xy dng. Thc hin y cc bin php an ton thi cng cho my mc v cng nhn trong cng trng nht l cung cp cc thit b bo h lao ng cho ngi cng nhn. Trong tt c cc giai on thi cng cn phi theo di cht ch vic thc hin cc iu l qui tc k thut an ton. a. i vi thit b: Trong cng tc thi cng c gii : Cc loi my mc thi cng u c kim tra an ton v c chng ch ca c quan an ton lao ng. Trong qu trnh thi cng cc my mc thit b c bo dng v kim tra an ton thng xuyn. Ti cc v tr s dng my u c ni quy s dng my. Cc thit b in cng trng u c dy trung tnh. Cc thit b my, my mc chuyn dng u do cng nhn k thut c o to chuyn ngnh v c kinh nghim thi cng vn hnh, nghim cm cng nhn khng c trch nhim s dng my. Cn b cng nhn vin khng c ung ru, bia trong gi lm vic. C th nh sau: Trc khi bt u lm vic phi thng xuyn kim tra dy cp v dy cu em dng. Khng c cu qu sc nng ca cn trc, khi cu nhng vt liu v trang thit b c ti trng gn gii hn sc nng cn trc cn phi qua hai ng tc: u tin treo cao 20-30 cm kim tra mc treo v tr v s n nh ca cn trc sau mi nng ln v tr cn thit.Tt nht tt c cc thit b phi c th nghim, kim tra tr c khi s dng chng v phi ng nhn hiu c ch dn cc sc cu cho php. Ngi li cn trc khi cu hng bt buc phi bo tr c cho cng nhn ang lm vic di bng tn hiu m thanh. Tt c cc tn hiu cho th li cn trc u phi do t trng pht ra. Khi cu cc cu kin c kch th c ln i tr ng phi trc tip ch o cng vic, cc tn hiu c truyn i cho ngi li cu phi bng in thoi, bng v tuyn hoc bng cc du hiu qui c bng tay, bng c. Khng cho php truyn tn hiu bng li ni.

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut
Cc cng vic sn xut khc ch c cho php lm vic nhng khu vc khng nm trong vng nguy him ca cn trc. Nhng vng lm vic ca cn trc phi c ro ngn t nhng bin ch dn nhng ni nguy him cho ngi v xe c i li. Nhng t i cng nhn lp rp khng c ng di vt cu v tay cn ca cn trc.

Nhn xt:Tuy nhin nguyn tc ny khng c thc hin trit do c


nhng thi im cn trc hot ng lin tc, cnh tay cn trc qut ton b cng trnh cng nh khu vc gia cng cu kin. Nu lm ng nguyn tc ny s lm gim tin thi cng ca cng trnh. V th yu cu m bo an ton cho cng trnh cng nh cng nhn ang thi cng trn cng trng l rt cao. Cho n nay cha xy ra bt k tai nn cho ngi no xy ra do cn trc. i vi th hn phi c trnh chuyn mn cao, trc khi bt u cng tc hn phi kim tra hiu chnh cc thit b hn in, thit b tip a v kt cu cng nh bn chc cch in. Kim tra dy ni t my n bng phn phi in v ti v tr hn.Th hn trong thi gian lm vic phi mang mt n c knh mu bo him. phng tia hn bn vo trong qu trnh lm vic cn phi mang gng tay bo him, lm vic nhng ni m t phi i ng cao su. b/ i vi cng nhn: Tt c cng nhn lm vic trong cng trnh u c hc quy nh an ton lao ng v khm sc kho, trang b bo h lao ng cho tng loi th theo qui nh ca Nh nc trc khi vo thi cng. C th nh sau: Khi xy ngi cng nhn lm vic di h mng, trn cc sn nh hoc trn sn cng tc; v tr lm vic thay i theo kch thc tng xy v c th mt cao kh ln, do vy phi to iu kin lm vic an ton cho ng i th bt k v tr no. Cng nhn lm vic trn cao u c eo dy an ton 100%. Tt c cc v tr nguy him u c lan can, ro chn, bin bo theo ng qui nh.

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut

Ngi th xy cc cao trnh mi trn gio khng c thp hn hai hng gch so vi mt sn cng tc. Dn gio phi c lan can cao t nht l 1m, vn lm lan can phi ng vo pha trong, tm vn chn di cng phi c b rng t nht l 15cm. m bo khng xp qu ti vt liu ln sn v ln dn gio cn phi treo cc bng qui nh gii hn v s b tr vt liu... Cc l ca cha chn khung ca s ca i phi c che chn. Nu vic xy c tin hnh t dn gio trong th cn t lp bo v dc tng Trong thi gian xy v khi xy xong phi dn tt c cc gch tha, dng c v cc th khc phng trng hp b ri xung di. Khi lm vic bn ngoi tng cng nhn lm vic phi eo dy an ton. Cc mng tng nh ra khi mt tng 30cm phi xy t dn gio pha ngoi. Vic lin kt cc chi tit khc vi tng xy phi tin hnh chnh xc v thn trng, phi kp thi xy tng ln gi thng bng. Tho vn khun v dn gio chng gi vn khun ch c php theo s ng ca cn b ch o thi cng.Tho dn gio vn khun ca cc kt cu b tng ct thp phc tp phi tin hnh theo cch thc v trnh t ra trong thit k thi cng.

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut
Trc khi b tng, cn b thi cng phi kim tra s ng n v chc chn ca vn khun t, dn gio chng v sn cng tc. Khi b tng trn cao hn 1,5 m sn cng tc phi c thnh chn bo v. c/ i vi Cng trng: Trn cng trnh c h thng bin bo ni quy, khu hiu an ton lao ng. -Tt c cc ni nguy him u c lan can ro chn bin bo theo cc quy inh quy phm. Bao quanh cng trnh l h thng gio hon thin kt hp cng bn ngoi l h thng li an ton v chng bi m bo cho cc cng vic thi cng. -Tuyt i khng mang cht n, cht d chy vo khu vc cng trng. -H thng chiu sng y phc v thi cng vo ban m. 2/ Cng tc v sinh mi trng : -Trong mt bng thi cng b tr h thng thu n c thi khng cho chy trn n c bn xung cc khu vc xung quanh. -B tr cu ra xe t khi bt u n khi kt thc cng trnh. Tt c cc loi xe vn chuyn ra vo cng trng u c ra sch s trc khi chy ra ngoi ng ph. -Khi cn, phi tin hnh ti nc, v sinh sn b tng xung quanh Cng trnh nu b bn. -Khi thi cng, phi lun duy tr cc bin php trnh gy bi, gy n nh hng n sinh hot chung ca khu vc xung quanh. -Thc hin ch v sinh cng nghip sau mi ngy lm vic. Chng ti lun t chc mt t nhn cng thng xuyn dn v sinh cng trng hng ngy. -Thc hin vic vn chuyn ph thi t trn tng cao xung qua cc ng mng kn xung cc bn cha di ng t bn di s m bo chng n v chng bi ng thi ph thi c vn chuyn i ngay trong ngy hoc vo ban m. -Tin hnh che li chng bi 1x1 ti cc mt ng khu lm vic ti ht cao sn tng trn cng. -Xe vn chuyn vt liu, ph thi khi ra khi cng trnh u c ph bt. -Cy xanh trong phm vi cng trnh phi c ro k xung quanh gc cao n 1.5m. Khng c t cht cy hoc ta cnh nu khng c php ca Ch u t.

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut
-i vi nhng cng vic gy ra ting n ln, chng ti s c bin php t chc thi cng thch hp gim thiu n mc ti a nh hng ti sinh hot chung ca khu vc. -Sau khi hon thnh cng vic, ton b lu ln khng cn thit, cc vt liu tha, rc ri v ph thi s c chuyn ra khi cng trng. 3/ Cng tc an ninh khu vc: -B tr bo v 24 gi/ ngy cho cng trnh. -Ti cc v tr xung yu vo ban m u c b tr h thng n pha bo v Cng trng. -Tuyt i cm tt c cc Cn b cng nhn vin khng ngh li qua m cng trng v bt c l do g ( tr 1-2 bo v c s nht tr ca Ch u t v chnh quyn s ti ) -Tt c cn b, cng nhn tham gia thi cng ti cng trnh u c l lch r rng, c thi nghim tc v tun th tt ni quy cng tr ng ni ring v ni qui ca Khu vc, ca a phng ni chung. Chng ti s lm th (c dn nh ) ra vo cng tr ng, v np trch yu tng CBCNV trn cng trng cho Ban qun l d n theo di v kim sot nhn s. Vi s qun l cht ch h s nhn s ca mnh, chng ti m bo rng s khng xy ra s c ng tic no v an ninh khu vc trong sut qu trnh thi cng. -Thc hin ng k tm tr cho s bo v phi li cng trng. -B tr h thng n pha bo v trong khu vc cng trng, -Lin h vi chnh quyn a phng, kt hp vi c quan Cng an s ti v Bo v Khu vc phi hp lm tt cng tc an ninh trong thi gian thi cng. 4/ Cng tc phng chng chy, n -Tuyt i cm mang nhng cht d chy, n vo khu vc cng trng. -Nghim cm cng nhn un nu trong phm vi cng trnh. -i vi nhng loi vt t d bt la, d gy chy nh xng, du, g... chng ti c kho bi ring lu gi v bo qun trong sut qu trnh trc khi s dng.

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut
-Kt hp vi nhng bin php v cc dng c chng chy thng th ng, chng ti s phi hp vi cc n v phng cha chy trong khu vc hn ch ti mc ti a nhng hu qu xu nht c th xy ra trong khi thi cng. -Tt c cc thit b sinh kh phi c kim nh ca c quan c thm quyn tr c khi a vo s dng. Trong qu trnh s dng phi tun theo qui trnh c nim yt v thc hin kim tra thng xuyn, nh k. -B tr cc hng nc v b d tr nc cu ho, bnh bt trong qu trnh thi cng xung quanh cng trnh. -Vic m bo chng st cho cng trnh v my mc thit b trong sut qu trnh thi cng c thc hin thng qua h thng thu li tm thi ca Cng trnh t ti cc gc nh, c ni vi h thng tip a c ca cng trnh v c kim nh li t yu cu chng st. H thng tm ny s c d b v thay th ngay sau khi h thng thu li mi c hon thin. 5/ Cng tc m bo an ton giao thng : ng vo Khu vc thi cng l nhng trc ng giao thng c nhiu n v - c quan v khu dn c ng trn a bn, v vy vic m bo an ton giao thng trong sut qu trnh thi cng, cn phi c bit quan tm lu . -Ti cc li vo khu vc thi cng c b tr cc bin bo sn phn quang c kch thc 2,5x1,8m vit r rng, bin lm bng tn trng km, ch v vin mu en trn nn vng, c t cao 1,22m so vi mt t v nh v chc chn. -V tr t bin m bo cho ngi qua li hon ton c th nhn thy r rng t xa. Ni dung ca bin bo s c thng nht vi Ch u t. -Trong qu trnh phng tin my mc ra, vo khu vc thi cng, lun b tr ng i hng dn, quan st m bo ti a s an ton trong khu vc. -Hu ht cc loi vt t, thit b c chuyn ti Cng trng, cc ph thi chuyn i khi cng trng u c thc hin ngoi gi cao im trnh n tc giao thng trong khu vc. ng thi c bt che chng bi trong qu trnh di chuyn trong ph.

Nhn xt:

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut
y l nhng nguyn tc c ra nhm m bo an ton lao ng nhng trn thc t cc nguyn tc khng c tn trng mt cch trit . Chng hn: + Ngi cng nhn khi thi cng ti nhng v tr nguy him khng s dng ai an ton

+ Theo nguyn tc li bo v phi c b tr tt c cc tng nhng trn thc t li bo v ch c t 1 s tng

Bo co thc tp cn b k thut

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