A Y A G E O C O M P A N Y

100
0
20
40
60
80
1500 2000 3000
H (A/m)
2500 3500

3C94
3C92
25 %
100 C
3C92 - The new standard for high flux density applications
Incremental permeability as a function of magnetic eld strength compared
FERROXCUBE has made a big move
forward in high flux density applications
with the new material 3C92. This
material is primarily intended for
output chokes in power supplies. These
carry mainly dc current with a small
ac ripple, so core losses are generally
not the first worry. Required is a
high saturation level to accomodate
a high dc current without too much
inductance loss. The energy storage
value of a choke is proportional to
the square of peak flux density and
determines the core volume required.
Whenever space is limited, this is an
important consideration.
FERROXCUBE's new power material
3C92 for high flux density applications
has an increased Curie temperature
compared to the general purpose
power material 3C94. Because of this,
3C92 has a higher saturation flux
density than 3C94 and the difference
increases with temperature. Losses
are the same as for 3C94 which makes
3C92 also suitable for high flux density
transformers.
High flux density performance
In the graph below the current
carrying capabilities of 3C92 and
3C94 are compared. The magnetic
field strength H is proportional to the
current I and the effective permeability

e
is proportional to the inductance.
All curves have been measured on
gapped toroids with the same
e
value
to make them directly comparable. In
the fall-off region 3C92 gains about
25 % on 3C94.
Preferred applications are:
High current output chokes
Wherever space is at a premium like
in low profile converter modules, core
volume can be reduced. The advantage
increases with temperature.
High voltage ignition transformers
For example in electronic lighting
ballast where high flux density occurs
during ignition, but losses have to be
low during steady state operation.
100
0
20
40
60
80
1500 2000 3000
H (A/m)
2500 3500

3C94
3C92
30 %
130 C
CONDITIONS VALUE UNIT

i
25 C, 10 kHz, 0.1 mT 1500 20 %

a
100 C, 25 kHz, 200 mT 5000
B 25 C, 10 kHz, 1200 A/m
100 C, 10 kHz, 1200 A/m
140 C, 10 kHz, 1200 A/m
540
460
400
mT
P
v
100 C, 25 kHz, 200 mT
100 C, 100 kHz, 200 mT
50
350
kW/m
3
DC, 25 C 5 m
T
c
280 C
density 4800 kg/m
3
0 40 80
800
600
200
0
400
120
T ( C)
P
v
(kW/m )
3
3C92
o
f
(kHz)
B
(mT)
200 100
100 100
25 200
100 200
Specific power losses for several frequency/
flux density combinations as a function of
temperature
1 10 10
2
10
4
f (MHz)
' ,
s
''
s
10
3
10
2
10
10
1
3C92
''
s
'
s
Complex permeability as a function of frequency
10000
50 50 250 350
0
150
2000
4000
6000
8000

i
T ( C)
o
3C92
Initial permeability as a function of temperature
25 50 1200
500
0
400 800
100
200
300
400
25 0
H (A/m)
B
(mT)
3C92
600
25
o
C
100
o
C
Typical B-H loops.
0 100 200 400
8000
6000
2000
0
4000
300

a
B (mT)
3C92
25
o
C
100
o
C
Amplitude permeability as a function of peak
flux density
10
2
10
3
10
3
10
H (A/m)
10
4

3C92
10 1
10
2
Incremental permeability as a function of
magnetic field strength
10
2
10
3
10
B (mT)
1 10
10
4
P
v
(kW/m )
3
3C92
10
2
10
3
5
0
0

k
H
z
2
5

k
H
z
2
0
0

k
H
z
1
0
0

k
H
z
T = 100
o
C
Specific power loss as a function of peak flux
density with frequency as a parameter
3C92 - Material Characteristics
FERROXCUBE proudly presents its
high temperature power material :
3C93. Most soft Ferrites for power
applications have a loss minimum
between 80 and 100 C. They have
been designed for operation in normal
PCB circuits. For safety reasons the
maximum working temperature
is not far above 100 C. At higher
temperatures the commonly used
PCB materials degrade or can even
give rise to fire hazard. Certain power
applications however require or can
benefit from working temperatures
clearly exceeding 100 C. Typical
examples are electronic lighting
ballasts and automotive electronics
mounted in the neighbourhood of the
engine.
FERROXCUBE has available the
power material 3C93 aiming at these
high temperature applications. The
loss level is comparable to that of the
general purpose power material 3C94,
but the loss minimum has shifted
from 100 to 140 C. The temperature
shift is largely independent of the
flux density and frequency condition.
The result is a considerable gain in
performance at temperatures above
120 C. Lowering the overall loss level
would not have eliminated the risk
of instable temperature behaviour
due to the positive temperature
coefficient of losses in this region.
Also saturation flux density at higher
temperatures has been improved in
comparison with 3C94, which makes
3C93 suitable for chokes as well as
transformers.
High temperature performance
The graph below shows the loss
versus temperature curves of 3C93
and the standard power materials
3C91 and 3C94. Clearly, 3C93
achieves a lower loss level with stable
temperature behaviour at elevated
temperatures favouring applications
like :
Automotive electronics near the
engine. Ambient temperature rises to
very high values here. Components
mounted near the engine are usually
specified for working temperatures up
to 150 C.
Electronic lighting ballasts
Due to tight mounting in the
lamp armature, there is already a
considerable temperature rise from
outer to inner ambient. Upward
shift of the loss minimum allows for
compacter or less critical designs.
1000
0 20 200
0
100
200
400
600
800
T (C)
40 60 80 120 140 160 180
P
v
(kW/m
3
)
3C94 3C93 3C91
Power losses at 100 kHz and 200mT as a function of temperature compared
3C93 - The new standard for high temperature applications
CONDITIONS VALUE UNIT

i
25 C, 10 kHz, 0.1 mT 1800 20 %

a
100 C, 25 kHz, 200 mT 5000
B 25 C, 10 kHz, 1200 A/m
100 C, 10 kHz, 1200 A/m
140 C, 10 kHz, 1200 A/m
520
430
360
mT
P
v
140 C, 100 kHz, 100 mT
140 C, 100 kHz, 200 mT
140 C, 500 kHz, 50 mT
50
350
300
kW/m
3
DC, 25 C 5 m
T
c
240 C
density 4800 kg/m
3
40 80 120
800
600
200
0
400
160
T ( C)
P
v
(kW/m )
3
3C93
o
f
(kHz)
B
(mT)
200 100
100 100
25 200
100 200
Specific power losses for several frequency/
flux density combinations as a function of
temperature
1 10 10
2
10
4
f (MHz)
' ,
s
''
s
10
3
10
2
10
10
1
3C93
''
s
'
s
Complex permeability as a function of frequency
10000
50 50 250
0
150
2000
4000
6000
8000

i
T ( C)
o
3C93
Initial permeability as a function of temperature
25 50 1200
500
0
400 800
100
200
300
400
25 0
H (A/m)
B
(mT)
3C93
600
25
o
C
100
o
C
Typical B-H loops.
0 100 200 400
8000
6000
2000
0
4000
300

a
B (mT)
3C93
25
o
C
100
o
C
Amplitude permeability as a function of peak
flux density
10
2
10
3
10
3
10
H (A/m)
10
4

3C93
10 1
10
2
Incremental permeability as a function of
magnetic field strength
10
2
10
3
10
B (mT)
1 10
10
4
P
v
(kW/m )
3
3C93
10
2
10
3
5
0
0

k
H
z
2
5

k
H
z
2
0
0

k
H
z
1
0
0

k
H
z
T = 140
o
C
Specific power loss as a function of peak flux
density with frequency as a parameter
3C93 - Material Characteristics
A Y A G E O C O M P A N Y
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Ferroxcube International Holding B.V. 2004
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9398 288 01311 May 2004