Appendix A - Turbine Manufacturer Technical Specification - 2.75MW

General Electric 2.
75 MW Turbines
GE Power & Water
Renewable Energy
GEA18379A (05/2011)
Introduction
GE continues to advance its 2.5 MW wind turbine series product
line with the introduction of GEs 2.75-100 wind turbine.
GEs 2.5 MW series wind turbine platform is evolving towards a
wider range of site applications by introducing the 2.75-100 wind
turbine for IEC Class II.
Focusing on performance, reliability, efficiency, and multi-
generational product evolution, GEs 2.75-100 wind turbine
creates more value for our customers.
Applicable Platforms
GEs 2.75-100 wind turbine is available in both 50 Hz and 60 Hz for
use in IEC Class II environments.
Technical Description
Building on the success of GEs 2.5-100 IEC Class II wind turbine,
the 2.75-100 increases Annual Energy Production (AEP) by over
5% in IEC Class II with minor evolutionary changes to the proven
2.5-100 platform. With updates to the electrical system, the 2.75-
100 produces more power by increased tip speed and torque to
maximize the output of the turbine.
2.75-100 Wind Turbine
fact
sheet
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0 3 5.5 8 10.5 13 15.5 18 20.5 23
2.5xl
2.75xl
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0 3 5.5 8 10.5 13 15.5 18 20.5 23
2.5xl
2.75xl
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AMWS (m/s)
Features and Benefits
The new 2.75-l00 w|nd turb|ne shores o |orge number o
commonalities with the 2.5-100 wind turbine, enabling ease of
maintenance planning and high commonality in spare parts.
The 2.75-100 wind turbine produces more than 5% additional AEP
for IEC Class II and more than 4% additional AEP for IEC Class III
applications. This means greater profitability for our customers.
Product Specifications
GEs 2.75-100 wind turbine offers the following technical
specifications:
CL's 48.7 meter propr|etory b|ode
85 m or lLC llb |50/60 zl
l00 m or lLC llls |8.0 m/s, 3 turbu|ence |ntens|ty - 50 zl
98.3 m or lLC llls | 8.0 m/s, 3 turbu|ence |ntens|ty - 60 zl
Co|d weother extreme con|gurot|on opt|on lLC Type C|oss lll
Power Curve
Powering the worldresponsibly.
For more information, please visit www.ge-energy.com/wind
Copyright 2011 General Electric Company. All rights reserved..
GE Power & Water
Renewable Energy
Introducing
GEs 2.75 MW
Wind Turbines
2.75-100
2.75-103
Increased customer value
through product evolution
Introducing GEs 2.75-100 and 2.75-103
2
Product evolution. Its one of the things
GE does best. Especially when it
comes to the next generation of wind
turbines. Building on a strong power
generation heritage spanning more
than a century, our onshore wind
turbines deliver proven performance,
availability and reliabilitycreating
more value for our customers.
As one of the worlds leading wind
turbine suppliers, GE Energys
current product portfolio includes
wind turbines with rated capacities
ranging from 1.5 MW4.1 MW and
support services extending from
development assistance to operation
and maintenance.
GEs 2.75-100 Wind Turbine
GEs 2.75-100 wind turbine offers a 6.8% increase in Annual Energy Production (AEP) at 8.5 m/s when
compared to the 2.5-100 wind turbine. This nameplate rating increase allows greater energy capture
and improved project economics for wind developers. GEs proprietary 48.7 meter blade uses the same
proven aerodynamic shape found on the 2.5-100.
GEs 2.75-103 Wind Turbine
GEs 2.75-103 wind turbine offers a 6% increase in swept area and a 9.2% increase in AEP at 8.5 m/s
when compared to the 2.5-100. This increase in blade swept area allows greater energy capture and
improved project economics for wind developers. GEs proprietary 50.2 meter blade uses the same
proven aerodynamic shape as the 48.7 meter blades found on the 2.5-100 and 2.75-100. Our new, Low
Noise Trailing Edge serrations are employed on this turbine to enable siting in sound sensitive areas at
full rated power. Testing has shown this design for the blade enables improved turbine acoustics. Low
Noise Trailing Edge technology allows increased tip speed tolerance to capture more energy.
GEs 2.75-100 and 2.75-103 wind turbines are available with 75 (50 Hz only), 85, and 98.3 meter hub
heights that provide exible options for Class II and III wind sites, allowing customers to capture the
most free fuel in the wind.
GEs stringent design procedures result in a turbine designed for high performance, reliability and availability.
Building on the exceptional turbine performance of its predecessors, coupled with selected minimal
electrical component modications, GEs 2.75-100 and 2.75-103 wind turbines provide increased nameplate
rating and AEP, with the same reliable performance as the 2.5-100 turbine.
Building Upon the Proven
1.5 MW and 2.5 MW Platforms
The evolution of GEs multi-megawatt turbine design began with the 2.5s turbine introduced in 2004.
The 88-meter rotor diameter turbine was soon increased to 100 meters for the 2.5xl turbine, introduced
in 2006. GEs 2.5-100 and 2.75-103 build upon the maturity of their predecessors. This evolution ensures
increased capacity factor and availability.
Designed with high reliability to ensure continued operation in the eld, GEs 2.75-100 and 2.75-103 can
provide greater return on investment.
Increased customer value through product evolution
3
Technical Description
GEs 2.75-100 and 2.75-103 are three-blade, upwind, horizontal-axis wind turbines with 100-meter and
103-meter rotor diameters, respectively. The turbine rotor and nacelle are mounted on top of a tubular
steel tower providing hub heights of 75 (50 Hz only), 85, and 98.3 meters. The machine uses active yaw
control to keep the rotor facing into the wind. The turbine is designed to operate at variable speed and
utilizes a full-power conversion system. The Transformer, Switch Gear and Auxiliary Equipment can be
supplied internal to the base of the tower, or mounted in external housing.
Specications
2.75-100 Wind Turbine:
0es|gned to lLC 6l400-l
TC S: 8.5 m/s average wind speed; B-turbulence for 85 meter tower
TC S: 8.0 m/s average wind speed; B-turbulence for 98.3 meter tower
$tondord ond co|d weother extreme opt|ons
Tower corros|on protect|on, stondord C2 |nterno| ond C3 externo| w|th
optional C4 internal and C5 external available
Rotot|ono| d|rect|on. C|ockw|se v|ewed romon upw|nd |ocot|on
$peed regu|ot|on. L|ectr|c dr|ve p|tch contro| w|th bottery bockup
^erodynom|c broke. fu|| eother|ng
2.75-103 Wind Turbine:
$ome os the 2.75-l00 w|th the o||ow|ng chonges
0es|gned to lLC 6l400-l
TC S: 8.5 m/s average wind speed; B-turbulence for 85 and 98.3 meter towers
DIBt WZ II
Low No|se Tro|||ng Ldge serrot|ons or u|tro-qu|et power product|on
Lorger l03 meter rotor to copture more energy
Enhanced Controls Technology
The 2.75-100 and 2.75-103 wind turbines employ GEs patented Advanced Loads Control. This feature reduces
loads on turbine components by measuring stresses and individually adjusting blade pitch.
Introducing GEs 2.75-100 and 2.75-103
4
Construction
Towers: tubular steel sections provide variable hub
heights from 75 meters to 98.3 meters.
Blades: GEs propriety 48.7 and 50.2 meter blades
provide high energy capture without sacricing
acoustic performance.
Drivetrain components: GEs 2.75-100/2.75-103
use proven design gearboxes, mainshaft and
generators to enable the uprate from 2.5 MW
to 2.75 MW.
Condition Based
Monitoring
GEs Condition Based Monitoring (CBM) and SCADA
Anomaly Detection Services, a complementary
suite of advanced condition monitoring solutions,
proactively detect impending drive train and
whole-turbine issues enabling increased
availability and decreased maintenance
expenses. Built upon half-a-century of power
generation drivetrain and data anomaly
monitoring experience, this service solution
is available as an option on new GE Units
and as an upgrade.
5
feotures ond
Benets
|gher ^Ll compored to 2.5 lvpredecessors
0es|gned to meet or exceed the l.5 lv
platforms historic high availability
Cr|d r|end|y opt|ons ore ovo||ob|e
Enhanced Reactive Power, Voltage Ride Thru,
lower foctor Contro|
v|nd formContro| $ystem, v|nd$C^0^
$hor|ng o components w|th|n CL's
product family
CL propr|etory 50.2 ond 48.7 meter b|odes
U|tro-qu|et power product|on Low No|se Tro|||ng
Edge serrations as an acoustic enhancement
for the 2.75-103
^vo||ob|e |n both 50 z ond 60 z vers|ons
for global suitability
Low Noise Trailing Edge Serrations
GEs 2.75-100 and 2.75-103
GEs 2.75 MW Turbines
Continual investment
-focused on |ncreos|ng customer vo|ue
Evolutionary development strategy
Built on the worlds best running eet
Portfolio exibility
Value where you need it, even in
sound sensitive locations
Introducing
6
7
PPM Machine Head
Converter Controller Turbine Controller
Higher Efciency
The 2.75 MW wind turbine is equipped with a permanent magnet generator that enable high efciency
even at low wind speeds. Employing magnets instead of copper coils in the generator rotor reduces
electrical losses in the generator and current ow through the rotating parts of the generator.
Performance
2.5-100
2.75-103
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
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Evolutionary AEP Improvement
2.5-100 2.75-100: 6.8%
2.5-100 2.75-103: 9.2%
0enotes trodemorks o Cenero| L|ectr|c Compony.
2011 General Electric Company. All rights reserved.
GEA18657 (04/2011)
Powering the worldresponsibly.
for more |normot|on p|eose v|s|t www.ge-energy.com/w|nd.
GE Energy
imagination at work
Commercial Documentation
Wind Turbine Generator Systems
2.5-2.75 Series
Technical Description and Data
GE Energy
imagination at work
2.5-2.75_Series_xxHz_GD_allComp_ContrDocxxxx.ENxxx.03.
Gepower.com
Visit us at
www.gewindenergy.com
All technical data is subject to change in line with ongoing technical development!
Copyright and patent rights
This document is to be treated confidentially. It may only be made accessible to authorized persons. It may
only be made available to third parties with the expressed written consent of General Electric Company.
All documents are copyrighted within the meaning of the Copyright Act. The transmission and reproduction of
the documents, also in extracts, as well as the exploitation and communication of the contents are not allowed
without express written consent. Contraventions are liable to prosecution and compensation for damage. We
reserve all rights for the exercise of commercial patent rights.
GE and are trademarks and service marks of General Electric Company.
Other company or product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of
their respective companies.
GE Energy
CONFIDENTIAL - Proprietary Information. DO NOT COPY without written consent from General Electric Company.
UNCONTROLLED when printed or transmitted electronically.
2011 General Electric Company. All rights reserved
2.5-2.75_Series_xxHz_GD_allComp_ContrDocxxxx.ENxxx.03 x
Table of Contents
1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
2 Technical Description of the Wind Turbine and Major Components ........................................................................................... 5
2.1 Rotor ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
2.2 Blades ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11
2.3 Blade Pitch Control System ................................................................................................................................................................... 11
2.4 Hub ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
2.5 Gearbox ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11
2.6 Bearings ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
2.7 Brake System ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
2.8 Generator ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
2.9 Gearbox/Generator Coupling............................................................................................................................................................... 12
2.10 Yaw System .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
2.11 Tower ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 13
2.12 Nacelle .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 13
2.13 Anemometer, Wind Vane and Lightning Rod .............................................................................................................................. 13
2.14 Lightning Protection .................................................................................................................................................................................. 13
2.15 Wind Turbine Control System .............................................................................................................................................................. 13
2.16 Power Converter .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
3 Technical Data for the 2.5-2.75 Series ....................................................................................................................................................... 14
3.1 2.5 WTG ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 14
3.1.1 2.5-100 m Rotor ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
3.1.2 2.5-103 m Rotor ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
3.2 2.75 WTG .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
3.2.1 2.75-100 m Rotor ................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
3.2.2 2.75-103 m Rotor ................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
3.3 Operational Limits ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
GE Energy
2.5-2.75_Series_xxHz_GD_allComp_ContrDocxxxx.ENxxx.03 5/17
1 Introduction
This document summarizes the technical description and specifications of the GE Energy 2.5-2.75 Series wind
turbine generator system.
2 Technical Description of the Wind Turbine and Major Components
The 2.5-2.75 Series is a three bladed, upwind, horizontal-axis wind turbine with a rotor diameter of 100 or 103
meters. The turbine rotor and nacelle are mounted on top of a tubular tower giving a rotor hub height of 75, 85,
98.3 or 100 meters (see Fig. 1 to Fig. 4).
2.5-100 2.5-103 2.75-100 2.75-103
50 Hz: 100 m, 85 m, 75 m 98.3 m, 85 m 100 m, 85 m, 75 m 98.3 m, 85 m
60 Hz: 98.3 m, 85 m 98.3 m, 85 m 98.3 m, 85 m 98.3 m, 85 m
Table 1: 2.5-2.75 Series hub heights depending on 50 or 60 Hz market
The machine employs active yaw control (designed to steer the machine with respect to the wind direction),
active blade pitch control and variable speed generator (designed to regulate turbine rotor speed), and a
power electronic converter system (see Fig. 6).
A transformer, supplied by General Electric, is located inside the tower or can be pad-mounted outside the
tower. It transforms the voltage level of the generator to the required grid/collector system voltage (consult the
Scope of Supply for available voltage options).
The wind turbine features a modular drive train design wherein the major drive train components including
main shaft bearing, gearbox, generator and yaw drives are attached to a bedplate (see Fig. 5).
GE Energy
6/17 2.5-2.75_Series_xxHz_GD_allComp_ContrDocxxxx.ENxxx.03
4.17 m
5
0

m
125 m
1
0
0

m
7
5

m
Fig. 1: 2.5-100 with 75 m hub height and 100 m rotor diameter
GE Energy
4.17 m
5
0

m
125 m
1
0
0

m
7
5

m
Fig. 2: 2.75-100 with 75 m hub height and 100 m rotor diameter
GE Energy
4.17 m
5
0
/
5
1
.
5

m
148.3/149.8 m
1
0
0
/
1
0
3

m
9
8
.
3

m
Fig. 3: 2.5-2.75 Series with 98.3 m hub height and 100/103 m rotor diameter
GE Energy
4.17 m
5
0
/
5
1
.
5

m
150/151.5 m
1
0
0
/
1
0
3

m
1
0
0

m
Fig. 4: 2.5-2.75 Series with 100 m hub height and 100/103 m rotor diameter
GE Energy
Fig. 5: 2.5-2.75 Series Nacelle
Machine head
Power Production Module
Turbine Controller
Converter Controller
Machine head
Power Production Module
Turbine Controller
Converter Controller
Fig. 6: 2.5-2.75 Series Electrical Concept
GE Energy
2.1 Rotor
The rotor diameter is 100 meters, resulting in a swept area of 7,854 m or 103 meters with a swept area of
8,332 m
2
respectively. The rotor is designed to operate between 5 and 15 revolutions per minute (rpm). Rotor
speed is regulated by a combination of blade pitch angle adjustment and generator/converter torque control.
The rotor spins in a clockwise direction under normal operating conditions when viewed from an upwind
location.
Full blade pitch angle range is approximately 90 degrees, with the zero degree position being with the blade
flat to the prevailing wind. The blades being pitched to a full feather pitch angle of approximately 90 degrees
accomplishes aerodynamic braking of the rotor whereby the blades spill the wind, thus limiting rotor speed.
2.2 Blades
There are three rotor blades used on each General Electric Energy 2.5-2.75 Series wind turbine. The airfoils
transition along the blade span with the thicker airfoils being located inboard towards the blade root (hub) and
gradually tapering to thinner cross sections out towards the blade tip.
2.3 Blade Pitch Control System
The rotor utilizes a pitch system to provide adjustment of the blade pitch angle during operation.
General Electric`s active pitch controller enables the wind turbine rotor to regulate speed, when above rated
wind speed, by allowing the blade to spill excess aerodynamic lift. Energy from wind gusts below rated wind
speed is captured by allowing the rotor to speed up, transforming this gust energy into kinetic energy that may
then be extracted from the rotor.
Independent back up is provided to drive each blade in order to feather the blades and shut down the machine
in the event of a grid line outage or other fault. By having all three blades outfitted with independent pitch
systems, redundancy of individual blade aerodynamic braking capability is provided.
2.4 Hub
The hub is used to connect the three rotor blades to the turbine main shaft. The hub also houses the blade
pitch system and is mounted directly to the main shaft. To carry out maintenance work, the hub is entered
through a hatch.
2.5 Gearbox
The gearbox in the wind turbine is designed to transmit torsional power between the low-rpm turbine rotor
and high-rpm electric generator. The gearbox is a multi-stage planetary/helical design. The gearbox is
mounted to the machine bedplate. The gearbox mounting is designed such that it minimizes vibration and
noise transfer to the bedplate. The gearbox is lubricated by a forced, cooled lubrication system and a filter
maintains oil cleanliness.
GE Energy
2.6 Bearings
The blade pitch bearing is designed to allow the blade to pitch about a span-wise pitch axis. The inner race of
the blade pitch bearing is outfitted with a blade drive gear that enables the blade to be driven in pitch.
The main shaft bearing is a two-bearing system, designed to provide bearing and alignment of the internal
gearing shafts and accommodate radial and axial loads.
2.7 Brake System
The blade pitch system acts as the main braking system for the wind turbine. Braking under normal operating
conditions is accomplished by feathering the blades out of the wind. Only two feathered rotor blades are
required to decelerate the rotor safely into idling mode, and each rotor blade has its own backup to drive the
blade in the event of a grid line loss.
2.8 Generator
The generator is mounted to the bedplate with a mounting so designed as to reduce vibration and noise
transfer to the bedplate.
2.9 Gearbox/Generator Coupling
Designed to protect the drive train from excessive torque loads, a special coupling is provided between the
generator and gearbox output shaft. This coupling is equipped with a torque-limiting device sized to keep the
maximum allowable torque below the maximum design limit of the drive train torque.
2.10 Yaw System
The bearing attached between the nacelle and tower facilitates yaw motion. Yaw drives (with brakes that
engage when the drive is disabled) mesh with the gear of the yaw bearing and steer the machine to track the
wind in yaw. The automatic yaw brakes engage in order to prevent the yaw drives from seeing peak loads
from any turbulent wind.
The controller activates the yaw drives to align the nacelle to the wind direction based on the wind vane sensor
mounted on the top of the nacelle.
A sensor provides a record of nacelle yaw position and cable twisting. After the sensor detects excessive
rotation in one direction, the controller automatically brings the rotor to a complete stop, untwists the cable by
counter-yawing of the nacelle, and restarts the wind turbine.
GE Energy
2.11 Tower
The wind turbine is mounted on top of a tubular tower. Access to the turbine is through a door at the base of
the tower. Service platforms are provided. A ladder provides access to the nacelle and also supports a fall
arrest safety system. Interior lights are installed at critical points from the base of the tower to the tower top.
The tower can as an option be equipped with a moving platform, which is capable of transporting people or
material up to a certain total weight limit. Specific information is provided on the document describing this
option.
2.12 Nacelle
The nacelle houses the main components of the wind turbine generator. Access from the tower into the nacelle
is through the bottom of the nacelle. The nacelle is ventilated, and illuminated by electric lights. A hatch
provides access to the blades and hub.
2.13 Anemometer, Wind Vane and Lightning Rod
An anemometer, wind vane, and lightning rod are mounted on top of the nacelle housing. Access to these
sensors is accomplished through the hatch in the nacelle.
2.14 Lightning Protection
The rotor blades are equipped with lightning receptors mounted in the blade. The turbine is grounded and
shielded to protect against lightning; however, lightning is an unpredictable force of nature and it is possible
that a lightning strike could damage various components notwithstanding the lightning protection employed in
the machine.
2.15 Wind Turbine Control System
The wind turbine machine can be controlled locally either automatically or manually. Control signals can also
be sent from a remote computer via a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) (purchased
separately), with local lockout capability provided at the turbine controller.
Service switches at the tower top prevent service personnel at the bottom of the tower from operating certain
systems of the turbine while service personnel are in the nacelle. To override any machine operation,
emergency-stop buttons located in the tower base and in the nacelle can be activated to stop the turbine in
the event of an emergency.
2.16 Power Converter
The wind turbine uses a power converter system that consists of a converter on the rotor side, a DC
intermediate circuit, and a power inverter on the grid side. This allows for variable rotor speed while keeping in
synchronization with the grid frequency. The converter system consists of a power module and associated
electrical equipment accommodated in the base of the tower or installed on an external skid outside the tower.
Variable output frequency of the converter allows variable speed operation of the generator.
GE Energy
3 Technical Data for the 2.5-2.75 Series
3.1 2.5 WTG
3.1.1 2.5-100 m Rotor
Diameter: 100 m
Number of blades: 3
Swept area: 7,854 m
2
Rotor speed range: 4.7 14.1 min
-1

Rotational direction: Clockwise viewed from an upwind location
Maximum speed
of the blade tips:
73.6 m/s
Orientation: Upwind
Speed regulation: Pitch control
Aerodynamic brake: Full feathering
3.1.2 2.5-103 m Rotor
Diameter: 103 m
Number of blades: 3
Swept area: 8,332 m
2
-1

Maximum speed
of the blade tips:
74.0 m/s
Orientation: Upwind
GE Energy
3.2 2.75 WTG
3.2.1 2.75-100 m Rotor
Diameter: 100 m
Number of blades: 3
Swept area: 7,854 m
2
-1

Maximum speed
of the blade tips:
77.4 m/s
Orientation: Upwind
3.2.2 2.75-103 m Rotor
Diameter: 103 m
Number of blades: 3
Swept area: 8,332 m
2
-1

Maximum speed
of the blade tips:
79.7 m/s
Orientation: Upwind
GE Energy
3.3 Operational Limits
Wind turbine design standard IEC 61400-1, second edition: Wind turbine generator systems
Height above sea level Maximum 1000 m with the maximum standard operational temperature
of +40 C (2.5 Series) / +35 C (2.75 Series). Above 1000 m, the maximum
operational temperature is reduced per DIN IEC 60034-1 (e.g., maximum
operational temperature reduced to +30 C at 2000 m). For installations
above 1000 m isolation distances of medium voltage terminals must
also be re-evaluated.
Standard Weather Option (STW) -15 C +40 C (2.5 Series) / +35 C (2.75 Series)
2.75 Series derates up to 10 % from + 35 C to + 40 C
Cold Weather Option (CWE,
in preparation for 2.75-103,
available for all other types)
-30 C +40 C (2.5 Series) / +35 C (2.75-100)
2.75 Series derates up to 10 % from + 35 C to + 40 C
Wind conditions according to
IEC 61400-1 (ed. 2) for the
standard temperature range
100 m and 98.3 m hub height: 8.0 m/s average wind speed
(TC S, B-turbulence)
85 m and 75 m hub height: capable of both 7.5 m/s average wind speed
and 8.5 m/s average wind speed (both TC IIb and IIIa TC S, B-turbulence)
Maximum extreme gust (10 min)
according to IEC 61400-1 (ed. 2) for
the standard temperature range
TC IIIa TC S, B-turbulence: approx. 37.5 m/s
TC IIb and TC S, B-turbulence: approx. 42.5 m/s
Design guideline and wind class:
For 2.5-100 mrotor diameter
100 m hub height:
98.3 m hub height:
85 m hub height:
75 m hub height:
DIBt WZ III, IEC IIIa
DIBt WZ III, IEC IIIa
DIBt WZ II, IEC IIb
DIBt WZ II, IEC IIb
100 m hub height:
98.3 m hub height:
85 m hub height:
IEC IIIa
IEC IIIa
IEC IIIa
100 m hub height:
98.3 m hub height:
85 m hub height:
75 m hub height:
S: 8.0 m/s average wind speed; b-turbulence
IEC IIb
IEC IIb
98.3 m hub height:
85 m hub height:
DIBt WZ II, S: 8.5 m/s average wind speed; b-turbulence
GE Energy
Atmospheric corrosion protection (corrosion categories as defined by ISO 12944-2:1998)
Standard Enhanced (Option)
Internal External Internal External
Americas
Tower shell C-2 C-3 C-4 C-5M
All other components C-2 C-3 C-2 C-3
Europe
Tower shell C-4 C-5M
All other components C-2 C-3
GE Energy
GE imagination at work
Technical Documentation
2.75 50 Hz and 60 Hz
Electric Grid Data
according to IEC
GE Energy
GE imagination at work
2.75_xxHz_EGD_allComp_IECxxxxxxxxx.ENxxx.00a.doc.
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This document is to be treated confidentially. It may only be made accessible to authorized persons. It may only
be made available to third parties with the expressed written consent of General Electric Company.
All documents are copyrighted within the meaning of the Copyright Act. The transmission and reproduction of the
documents, also in extracts, as well as the exploitation and communication of the contents are not allowed
GE Energy
Electric Grid Data
2.75_xxHz_EGD_allComp_IECxxxxxxxxx.ENxxx.00a.doc
Table of Contents
1 General Information .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
2 Rated Data for steady state operation ........................................................................................................................................................... 5
3 Peak Power on the LV Side .................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
4 Flicker ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
5 Switching Procedures ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
6 Harmonics, Inter-Harmonics and Higher Frequencies at Continuous Operation .................................................................. 6
7 Voltage Control ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
8 Transformer Data for Connection of 2.75 to Medium High Voltage Grid .................................................................................... 7
9 Power Demand of the Wind Turbine Generator System (WTGS) 2.75 -50 Hz & 60 Hz ......................................................... 7
10 Reactive Power ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
11 Power Factor Correction Device......................................................................................................................................................................... 8
12 Grid Monitoring ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
13 Power Reduction According to the Grid Frequency ................................................................................................................................ 9
14 Behavior in the Event of Faults in the Grid with the Options (LVRT/ZVRT) ................................................................................... 9
GE Energy
Electric Grid Data
2.75_xxHz_EGD_allComp_IECxxxxxxxxx.ENxxx.00a.doc 5/9
1 General Information
The 2.75 is a three bladed, variable pitch, variable speed, full conversion Wind Turbine Generator System (WTGS).
If not stated different all data are based on the LV connection of the turbine transformer.
2 Rated Data for steady state operation
Rated Power 2750 kW
Rated Voltage 690 V
Tolerances of grid voltage + 15 % to + 30 % for 0.1 s
+ 10 % to + 15 % for 1 s
-/+ 10 % continuous
- 10 % to - 15 % for 10 min
- 15 % to 25 % for 10 s
- 25 % to 30 % for 3 s
Frequency Tolerance +/- 5 % continuous
+/- 10 % for 10 seconds
Frequency Drift Rate 2 Hz/second
Rated Current 2303 A
cos Phi at Rated Power Power factor can be adjusted between 0.95 (0.9 optional) over-excited and 0.95
(0.9 optional) under-excited at any power output up to 2750 kW.
Rated Wind Speed 14 m/s
Short-Circuit Current of the
Wind Energy Converter
The initial short-circuit alternating current of the system, including transformer,
amounts to I
K
= 3.8 kA, related to 690 V, minimum 27.8 MVA
Short-Circuit Strength The rated short-circuit current of the switch gear is 1 s 50 kA related to 690 V.
Power Factor Correction
Device
Capacitors for the compensation of reactive power are not necessary.
Table 1: Rated data
3 Peak Power on the LV Side
Mean time t=1 min. Mean time t=10 min.
cos Phi 1 cos Phi 0.95 cos Phi 0.9 cos Phi 1 cos Phi 0.95 cos Phi 0.9
Apparent power (max.) [kVA] 2770 2916 3076 2750 2895 3054
Active power (max.) [kW] 2770
2770
2770 2750
2750
2750
Reactive power (max.) [kVar] 0
910
1338 0
904
1328
Table 2: Peak power
GE Energy
Electric Grid Data
6/9 2.75_xxHz_EGD_allComp_IECxxxxxxxxx.ENxxx.00a.doc
4 Flicker
A full-size frequency converter renders the 2.75 WTGs speed-variable. The rotor blades are controlled by a fail-
safe single blade control which reduces the periodical torque fluctuations, which are caused by the tower wake
effect.
Deviations from these values are possible.
Network Impedance Phase Angle, k 30 50 70 85
Annual Average Wind Speed, va (m/s) Flicker Coefficient, c(k, va)
va = 6.0 m/s 2.97 2.757 2.02 1.54
va = 7.5 m/s 2.99 2.759 2.03 1.58
va = 8.5 m/s 3.00 2.759 2.03 1.58
va = 10.0 m/s 3.01 2.759 2.02 1.54
Table 3: Flicker
Flicker-relevant phase angle
f
= -
k
5 Switching Procedures
The 2.75 does not have any significant in-rush current k
max
=I
max
/I
nG
=1 (parameter as per IEC 61400-21).
6 Harmonics, Inter-Harmonics and Higher Frequencies at Continuous
Operation
Order Harmonic current
[% from In]
2 0.39
3 1.65
4 0.27
5 2.07
6 0.12
7 2.23
9 0.22
11 0.23
13 0.27
17 0.12
19 0.14
Table 4: Harmonics
GE Energy
Electric Grid Data
7 Voltage Control
Voltage at the turbine level may not exceed a certain value.
Grid monitoring in the turbine ensures that the voltage does not exceed a set limit. It is installed on the 690 V side
and can be sealed.
A voltage-dependent power control steps in at a certain value, say + 5.5 % of the rated voltage. It works by
changing the power factor value gradually to 0.9 ind. If the voltage continues to rise, the active power from the
turbine is gradually reduced, using the pitch system. The voltage upper limit is thus not exceeded. This control
can be implemented at two different voltage levels:
LV side, simple implementation
Optionally available
MV side, measurement point in the turbine transformer station.
MV/HV at the point of interconnection (Wind Farm level) using WindControl
8 Transformer Data for Connection of the 2.75 to Medium High Voltage
Grid
Rated power 3080 kVA
High-voltage rating utility voltage dependent
Low-voltage rating 690 V
Connection symbol
Dyn5 or Dyn11, starpoint grounded
The transformer is mounted inside the tower.
Rel. short circuit voltage 6.6 %
Table 5: Transformer data for connection to medium high voltage grid
9 Power Demand of the 2.75 - 50 Hz and 60 Hz
Power consumers of the wind turbine generator system are among others the heating, yaw drive, controls,
lighting and hydraulic pump. The maximum power demand is 50 kW when all consumers operate
simultaneously.
The annual energy requirement at a site with an average wind speed is 5.000 to 12.000 KWh/a.
The official power curves take this power consumption into account. Once the turbine is in operation it covers its
own consumption.
GE Energy
Electric Grid Data
8/9 2.75_xxHz_EGD_allComp_IECxxxxxxxxx.ENxxx.00a.doc
10 Reactive Power
A cos (power factor) and a VAR specification can be selected between for the reactive power of the 2.75. The
power factor of the 2.75 can be set from cos 0.95 (904 kVAR) inductive (optional cos 0.9 (1328 kVAR) and cos
0.95 (904 kVAR) capacitive (optional cos 0.9 (1328 kVAR). In standard VAR mode the wind turbine is capable for
at least VARs according the cos curve.
The VAR specification provides the option of a WindFree Reactive Power function. This means that the turbine
can also make reactive power (up to 1328 kVAR) available as a voltage buffering during the full operational range
(0-2750 kW), even during calm periods or strong winds.
Fig. 1: VAR Curve
11 Power Factor Correction Device
Capacitors for the compensation of reactive power are not necessary.
12 Grid Monitoring
The turbine is equipped with a line protection relay the trigger values of which can be set in compliance with the
utility company specifications and within the applicable limits. The relay is connected at the secondary side of the
transformer.
GE Energy
Electric Grid Data
13 Power Reduction According to the Grid Frequency
An internal (via turbine controller) or external (option: WindControl) reduction of the power output according to
the grid frequency can be adjusted via parameters.
14 Behavior in the Event of Faults in the Grid with the Options (LVRT/ZVRT)
During a voltage drop down to 15% of the rated grid voltage, relating to a MV grid from 10 to 36 kV, the turbine
stays online. In the present example the turbine stays online for 720 ms if the voltage drops down to 15%; or it
stays online up to 10 s if the voltage drops down to 80%. This allows the voltage to be supported in an
appropriate manner. Other values within these limits are possible. See Appendix.
This function is optional.
Fig. 2: The WTG is not disconnected from the grid above the delineated time curves of the phase-to-phase voltage.
GE Energy
imagination at work
2.75-103 - 50 Hz and 60 Hz
Calculated Power Curve and
Thrust Coefficient
Noise Reduced Operation (NRO)
GE Energy
Calculated Power Curve and Thrust Coefficient
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2.75-103_xxHz_PCD_allComp_NRO_IECxxxxx.ENxxx.01.doc
Table of Contents
1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
2 Applicability.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
3 Noise Reduced Operation Power Performance....................................................................................................................................... 6
4 Noise Reduced Operation Thrust Coefficient............................................................................................................................................ 8
GE Energy
2.75-103_xxHz_PCD_allComp_NRO_IECxxxxx.ENxxx.01.doc 5/9
1 Introduction
This document provides 2.75-103 wind turbine noise reduced operation (NRO) calculated power curves at an
average air density of 1.225 kg/m
3
listed in Table 1 and illustrated in Figure 1.
2 Applicability
The power curve information provided in section 3 applies under the following conditions:
The specified value for mean air density
Turbulence intensity values between the Normal Turbulence Model at 5 and 15 % reference
turbulence (as defined in the IEC 61400-1 standard) and as indicated by referenced document
"2.75-103 Wind Turbine Power Curve"
Clean, non-degraded and uncontaminated blade surfaces with no icing
A wind turbine generator system decoupled from WindCONTROL. WindCONTROL controls and
regulates the voltage and/or power of the entire wind farm. The stated performance of the power
curve in this document assumes that the wind turbine generator system power output is not
being regulated or controlled by WindCONTROL. The term "decoupled" implies that there are no
voltage or power commands being assigned from the WindCONTROL system and the output of
the wind turbine generator system is free to operate up to the maximum capability of the
machine itself.
Electrical power values at the low-voltage side of the transformer
The standard 2.75 turbine configuration (excluding effects of site specific adaptations, e.g. for
cold weather or other optional devices)
The turbine operating within its normal operating range.
Wind inclination within the turbine design conditions (+/- 8 per the IEC 61400-1 6.3).
GE Energy
3 Noise Reduced Operation Power Performance
NRO Specific Calculated Power Curves
GEs 2.75-103 wind turbine noise reduced operation (NRO) calculated power curves for the different noise
reduced operation NRO modes valid for an air density of 1.225 kg/m
3
and turbulence intensity between 5 %
and 15 % at 15 m/s wind speed at hub height, similar and relative to the baseline normal operation (NO) power
curve per referenced document 2.75-103 wind turbine power curve.
104 to 100 dBA refers to nominal calculated apparent sound power level emission (A-weighted dB relatively to
10
-12
W) per IEC 61400-11 and Machine Noise Performance Test (MNPT) document; in Table 1 and Figure 1.
Hub height
wind speed
[m/s]
Normal
Operation
P el [kW]
NRO
104
P el [kW]
NRO
103
P el [kW]
NRO
102
P el [kW]
NRO
101
P el [kW]
NRO
100
P el [kW]
3.0 17 17 17 17 17 17
3.5 54 54 54 54 54 54
4.0 103 103 103 103 103 103
4.5 167 167 167 167 166 166
5.0 249 249 249 249 249 249
5.5 349 349 349 349 349 349
6.0 467 467 467 467 467 467
6.5 606 606 606 606 606 606
7.0 767 767 767 767 767 766
7.5 954 953 953 952 948 942
8.0 1164 1163 1157 1154 1142 1121
8.5 1399 1392 1374 1365 1335 1300
9.0 1650 1629 1589 1577 1526 1476
9.5 1893 1854 1796 1777 1710 1643
10.0 2114 2057 1982 1958 1877 1795
10.5 2287 2218 2138 2106 2022 1925
11.0 2434 2352 2266 2220 2132 2030
11.5 2556 2449 2360 2288 2197 2096
12.0 2642 2509 2417 2331 2238 2141
12.5 2707 2555 2460 2355 2260 2174
13.0 2741 2565 2470 2355 2260 2184
13.5 - cutout 2750 2565 2470 2355 2260 2185
Table 1: 2.75-103 wind turbine noise reduced operation (NRO) calculated power curves
GE Energy
NRO Power Output 2.75-103
0
300
600
900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
2700
3000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Hub height wind speed [m/s]
P
o
w
e
r

[
k
W
]
2.75-103 Normal Operation
max. reference L_WA = 104 dB(A)
Cut-out
Figure 1: 2.75-103 wind turbine noise reduced operation (NRO) calculated power curves
NRO 8/24 Hours Daily Cycle
Typically noise reduced operation (NRO) applications relate to 16 hours (day time) normal operations and
8 hours (night time) which is referred as NRO 8/24 hours daily cycle as presented in Table 2 and Figure 2.
Hub height
wind speed
[m/s]
Normal
Operation
NRO
104
NRO
103
NRO
102
NRO
101
NRO
100
7 100.0% 99.0% 98.2% 97.6% 96.7% 95.8%
7.5 100.0% 98.9% 98.0% 97.4% 96.4% 95.5%
8 100.0% 98.8% 97.9% 97.2% 96.2% 95.3%
8.5 100.0% 98.7% 97.8% 97.0% 96.0% 95.1%
Table 2: 2.75-103 wind turbine NRO 8/24 cycle calculated relative annual energy production (AEP)
2.75-103 Relative Annual Energy Production for 8/24 hrs NRO mode
90%
92%
94%
96%
98%
100%
7 7,5 8 8,5
Annual mean hub height wind speed [m/s]
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e

%

A
E
P
2.75-103 Baseline
max. reference L_WA
= 104 dB(A)
max. reference L_WA
= 103 dB(A)
max. reference L_WA
= 102 dB(A)
max. reference L_WA
= 101 dB(A)
max. reference L_WA
= 100 dB(A)
Figure 2: 2.75-103 wind turbine NRO 8/24 cycle calculated relative annual energy production (AEP)
GE Energy
4 Noise Reduced Operation Thrust Coefficient
Hub height: 75 m, 85 m and 98.5 m
Rotor diameter: 103 m
Hub Height Wind
Speed [m/s]
Normal
Operation
NRO 104 NRO 103 NRO 102 NRO 101 NRO 100
3.0 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74
3.5 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73
4.0 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.71
4.5 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73
5.0 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74
5.5 0.75 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74
6.0 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
6.5 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
7.0 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
7.5 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.74 0.73
8.0 0.75 0.75 0.74 0.73 0.72 0.70
8.5 0.75 0.74 0.72 0.71 0.68 0.64
9.0 0.74 0.72 0.68 0.67 0.63 0.59
9.5 0.71 0.68 0.63 0.62 0.58 0.55
10.0 0.66 0.62 0.58 0.57 0.53 0.50
10.5 0.60 0.56 0.53 0.52 0.49 0.46
11.0 0.53 0.50 0.48 0.47 0.44 0.42
11.5 0.48 0.45 0.43 0.42 0.39 0.37
12.0 0.42 0.40 0.38 0.37 0.35 0.33
12.5 0.38 0.35 0.34 0.32 0.31 0.30
13.0 0.34 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.27 0.26
13.5 0.30 0.28 0.27 0.25 0.24 0.23
14.0 0.27 0.25 0.24 0.22 0.21 0.21
14.5 0.24 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.18
15.0 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.17
15.5 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.15
16.0 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14
16.5 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.12
17.0 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.11
17.5 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.10
18.0 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.09
18.5 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09
19.0 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08
19.5 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07
GE Energy
Hub Height Wind
Speed [m/s]
Normal
Operation
NRO 104 NRO 103 NRO 102 NRO 101 NRO 100
20.0 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07
20.5 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06
21.0 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06
21.5 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06
22.0 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05
22.5 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05
23.0 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
23.5 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04
24.0 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04
24.5 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
25.0 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
Table 3: 2.75103 calculated thrust coefficient table for NRO; as a function of hub height wind speed
Calculated using Standard Atmospheric Conditions according to ISO 2533.
GE Energy
Technical Documentation
2.5-2.75 Series
Specification
Site Roads and Crane Pad
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Specification
2.5-2.75_Series_xxHz_SPC_roadcrane_descriptionx.ENxxx.00.doc x
Table of Contents
1 Requirements.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
2 Transport Vehicles (examples)........................................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Vehicle Weights............................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
3 Access and Site Roads/Entrances................................................................................................................................................................... 7
3.1 Road Curves and Entrance Curves ...................................................................................................................................................... 7
3.2 Turning Curves................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
3.3 Gradient............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 14
3.4 Road Camber ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 14
3.5 Clearance, Height and Width............................................................................................................................................................... 14
3.6 New Site Roads ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 15
3.7 Upgrading of Existing Roads ................................................................................................................................................................ 16
Plate Load Bearing Test of the Construction Layer ............................................................................................................................ 16
3.8 Ground Clearance of Transport Vehicles....................................................................................................................................... 17
4 Crane Pad................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
5 Parking Area / Turning Area............................................................................................................................................................................. 23
5.1 Parking Area................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
5.2 Turning Area for Unloaded Vehicles................................................................................................................................................. 23
6 Soil Backfilling/Foundation Area................................................................................................................................................................... 23
7 Crawler Crane Movements on Site.............................................................................................................................................................. 24
8 Site Compound........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 24
9 Storage of the Plant Components................................................................................................................................................................ 25
10 Crane assembling area................................................................................................................................................................................. 27
10.1 Crawler Crane with Lattice Main Boom.......................................................................................................................................... 27
10.2 Telescopic Crane with Lattice Jib....................................................................................................................................................... 27
10.3 Wheeled Crane with Lattice Main Boom....................................................................................................................................... 28
GE Energy
Specification
1 Requirements
This specification describes the major dimensions and weights of the vehicles required for transportation of the
main components of the GE 2.5-2.75 Series Wind Turbine Generator System (WTGS). Furthermore, the
minimum requirements (based on normal ground conditions) for access roads and crane pads described
herein must be met to ensure the proper installation of the WTGS.
Please note that additional measures may be necessary in the
event of deviant conditions!
2 Transport Vehicles (examples)
15 heavy-duty trucks for erecting and dismantling the crane
13 heavy-duty trucks with plant components consisting of:
o 1 for tower base ring
o 2 for PPM system
o 4-5 for tower sections
o 1 for nacelle
o 1 for hub
o 3 for rotor blades
Figure 1: Example of transport vehicle for the nacelle
2.5-2.75_Series_xxHz_SPC_roadcrane_descriptionx.ENxxx.00.doc 5/28
GE Energy
Specification
Figure 2: Example of transport vehicle for the tower sections
Figure 3: Example of transport vehicle for the blades
The equipment and dimensions may vary due to availability. The maximum vehicle length is 56 m when loaded
with the rotor blade. The vehicle length is measured from the front of the transporter to the end of the load.
2.1 Vehicle Weights
Maximum. axle load 12-16 t, onsite for cranes and transport vehicles
Maximum individual weight approximately 140 t
6/28 2.5-2.75_Series_xxHz_SPC_roadcrane_descriptionx.ENxxx.00.doc
GE Energy
Specification
3 Access and Site Roads/Entrances
3.1 Road Curves and Entrance Curves
The road curves and entrance curves must be constructed to the dimensions shown in the figures below. The
dimensions are based on the rotor blade transport vehicle due to the fact that this vehicle requires the most
compacted area to pass the curves.
All stored and excavated topsoil or any obstacles in the areas next to or near the road or entrance curves must
be removed or leveled before turbine delivery can begin. All open cable trenches that run along the roads or
crane pads must be refilled before any turbine delivery and construction can begin.
GE Energy will not take responsibility for any damage to the roads that has been caused by the transport
vehicles or cranes when the access roads or site roads have not been properly constructed. This will apply also
for damage caused to vehicles due to unsuitably constructed roads, waiting time, or recovery costs.
3.2 Turning Curves
The curve radii for transportation vehicles can be obtained from the following drawings:
Figure 4: Truck with rear axle steering, outside radius 12.5m / turning angle 90 on page 8
Please note that additional measures may be necessary in the
event of deviant conditions or equipment used!
GE Energy
Specification
Figure 4: Truck with rear axle steering, outside radius 12.5m / turning angle 90
GE Energy
Specification
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Specification
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Specification
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Specification
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Specification
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Specification
3.3 Gradient
In general the transport vehicles will be able to access gradients up to 6 % on straight roads without narrow
bends and under good weather and road surface conditions. It is possible to transport the turbine components
on gradients over 6 %. In those cases there will be a necessity for one or more towing/pushing vehicles to be
supplied.
If during project planning it is seen to be necessary that a towing vehicle is required for gradients over 6 %,
GE Energy and the customer will decide on the type of towing/pushing vehicles and the suitable towing
procedure with regard to the respective situation. All costs for ordering, delivery and use of the towing/
pushing vehicles are to be paid by the customer.
If during project planning it is seen to be necessary that a towing vehicle is required for gradients under 6 % it
is to be supplied by the customer at short notice. Reasons for this may be, but are not limited to:
bad weather conditions
poorly constructed roads etc.
All costs resulting from the need for a towing/pushing vehicle during the project phase and those costs
resulting to waiting time for GE Energy and its crane/transport vehicles will be passed on to the customer.
3.4 Road Camber
Access and site roads should have a maximum camber of 2 % for proper drainage.
3.5 Clearance, Height and Width
The customer has to ensure that on all access and site roads any overhanging tree branches, powerlines and
telephone cables are removed to avoid damage to turbine components.
Minimum height = 6.0 m, minimum width = 5.0 m according to Figure 10.
The equipment may vary due to
availability or transport strategy.
Figure 10: Clearance, onsite tower transport as example
GE Energy
Specification
3.6 New Site Roads
Figure 11: New site road (example)
All site roads must be constructed to the minimum drivable width of 4.5 m. The roads must be constructed with
a camber of 2 % (maximum), so that rainwater can flow off and hence the risk of rutting/potholes is reduced.
It is important to note that the method of road construction and the gauge of the base layers is solely
dependant on the local ground conditions.
The base layer can be a rock-gravel-sand mix 0/45. For the top surface a mixture of rock-gravel-sand 0/40 can
be used. The thickness of the respective layers will depend on the required axle loading and the existing
ground conditions. GE Energy suggest that the customer obtain an expert opinion or recommendation. All
layers of material are to be mechanically compacted. A layer of geotextile has to be inserted in order to
prevent silting or compression of the construction layers and the subsurface.
If impurities in recycled construction materials (sharp rocks or metal particles in re-cycled stone) lead to
damages to transportation vehicles (tire damage etc.) the resulting costs will be passed on to the customer.
Due to the limited ground clearance of the transport vehicles special care needs to be taken during road
construction that all sharp humps and bumps are removed (see section 3.8 on page 17).
GE Energy underlines the fact that especially under bad weather conditions the site roads have to be checked
continuously. Upgrading measures and repair work on access roads have to be carried out during the project
delivery phase and immediately if required.
GE Energy
Specification
3.7 Upgrading of Existing Roads
Figure 12: Upgrading of existing roads (example)
Figure 12
If existing private/public tarmac or concrete roads with a drivable width less than 4.50 m have to be used as
site roads then these roads are to be widened. In carrying out these measures and construction works all
points made under above have to be considered.
The widening of the roads is required for safety reasons. It reduces the risk of the road edges breaking off,
since vehicles and cranes with a track width of 3.00 m and a total weight of maximum 140 t have to be
employed to ensure the delivery and erection of the WTGS. If drainage ditches run directly along the sides of
such roads, special safety measures must be taken.
If during the project delivery breakages begin to show, specific safety measures must be taken to prevent
lateral phase cracks displacement. Any costs to GE Energy resulting from waiting time for repair works in
regard to transport and erection of the WTGS will be passed on to the customer.
GE Energy proposed the following test to evaluate the final condition of the road and to ensure the ground
bearing of minimum 12 t axle load for the Transport vehicles. This should also include wet site road conditions.
Plate Load Bearing Test of the Construction Layer
According to the size of the loads having an effect on the ground a distortion module is to be assigned to the
subsoil. This distortion module, also called Ev2 value, can be checked by a plate load-bearing test. As a
reference the German Institute for Standardization can be used: DIN18134. The relation of Ev1 / Ev2 must be
smaller or equal to 2.5. An improvement of the subsoil or the construction layer will be necessary if the Ev2
value is smaller than in following table:
Value of the max. single load in kN (t) Ev2 in MN/m
of the subsoil
Ev2 in MN/m
of the construction layer
60 (6.0) 45 100
100 (10.0) 60 120
150 (15.0) 80 150
200 (20.0) 100 180
The minimum value for transportation is a single load of 6.00 t per tire.
GE Energy
Specification
3.8 Ground Clearance of Transport Vehicles
When constructing the site roads care must be taken to try to keep the gradients of any hills to a minimum.
The requirements are explained in Figure 13.
Extra care must be taken to make sure that any sharp road humps along the site roads and access routes are
leveled out to reduce the risk of the vehicles grounding and damaging the components and their vehicles.
The overall height of the vehicles employed for the transportation of the tower sections has to be as low as
possible. The ground clearance for such vehicles is 20 cm. Therefore, it has to be considered already at the
planning stage that depressions and ridges in the access roads are filled in and leveled.
Figure 13: Ground clearance (example)
GE Energy
Specification
4 Crane Pad
The crane pads must be constructed as shown in Figure 14 to Figure 18. Both wheel-mounted and crawler-
mounted cranes can be used. For the mobilization of those cranes the axle weight will be 12 t.
Figure 14: Cross section crane pad
All crane pads must be at-grade with a maximum slope of 1 % of the total length and width of the entire area.
Soil and obstacles may not be deposited around the crane pad or for a distance of 130 m along the site road.
This area is required for the assembly of the crane boom.
A 2 m wide gravel path must be constructed from the crane pad/road to and around the turbine to prevent
soiling of the plant.
The areas with a width of 10 m on the right and left of the crane pads are used for assembly of the rotor and
storage of the plant components (see Figure 20 and Figure 21). Permission for the use of these areas will have
to be obtained by the customer from the landowner and submitted to GE Energy before the erection phase
starts.
Any variations to the above are only permissible with the
approval of a representative of GE Energy.
GE Energy
Specification
Figure 15: For hub height up to 100 m option 1 with crane pad alongside the access road, crane and truck positions, max. slope 1 %
GE Energy
Specification
Figure 16: For hub height up to 100 m option 2 with crane pad perpendicular and max. distance between foundation and access road,
crane and truck positions, max. slope 1 %
GE Energy
Specification
Figure 17: For hub height up to 140 m option 1 with crane pad alongside the access road, crane and truck positions, max. slope 1 %
GE Energy
Specification
Figure 18: For hub height up to 140 m option 2 with crane pad perpendicular and max. distance between foundation and access road,
crane and truck positions, max. slope 1 %
GE Energy
Specification
5 Parking Area / Turning Area
5.1 Parking Area
Parking areas for at least four component transport vehicles with a length of 50 m and a width of 5 m have to
be made available within the windfarm area. If the vehicles will be required to park on public roads or
highways then the required permits, signs and lighting will have to be obtained from the appropriate
authorities by the customer. These permits will be required before transportation activities start.
5.2 Turning Area for Unloaded Vehicles
GE Energy suggests to the customer that at certain areas within the windfarm, turning-areas for the vehicles
shall be included in their planning. These areas will firstly allow the vehicles to keep to the designated site
roads and reduce the amount of time that they will need for reversing out of the windfarm. Secondly it will
reduce the risk of vehicles getting stuck or causing damage.
6 Soil Backfilling/Foundation Area
During the installation of the WTGS an area of 10 m around the foundation ( 9 m) is needed for the usage of
an all-terrain forklift for the installation of turbine equipment outside the tower. This means that if soil
backfilling is required due to the foundation design the finish of this work scope has to be done after the
turbine is erected.
A gravel path of 2 m width must be constructed from the crane pad/road to and around the turbine to prevent
soiling of the plant.
GE Energy
Specification
7 Crawler Crane Movements on Site
If it is planned to use a crawler crane moving on site directly between the turbine unit locations the following
points needs to be considered.
Permits/permissions (from landowner) to move with the crawler crane directly over the land
between the several turbines locations shall be obtained by the customer
Crane pad level of 1 % gradient maximum in all directions
Crane pads need to be accessible for the crawler crane
Lateral inclination during movement of the crane: Maximum 2 % gradient
Free (drive-through) area needed to move between the several turbines locations is 12 m
There are two options to move the crawler crane:
o Option 1: One track in the middle of the site road (4.5 m wide), and the other track in the area
beside the road (10 m wide)
o Option 2: Use the free land to move the crane directly between the turbine locations
Max. slope in moving direction is approx. 10 %
Free area of 10 m x ? m (length of the crane boom) for the assembly of the crane boom at the
first turbine and disassembly at the last turbine
Ground pressure under the tracks as,
for example, for a Liebherr LR 1600 is
approx. 220 KN/m. Ground pressure
can vary due to different crane type
Please note that additional measures
may be necessary in the event of
deviant conditions!
Figure 19: Ground pressure under the tracks
8 Site Compound
GE Energy will require a hardstanding to be constructed by the customer for use as a site compound. This area
needs to be leveled and constructed with clean fine gravel stone. GE Energy will place site containers, toilets
and equipment in this area and will therefore require electrical connections and waste water collection. The
required dimensions of this area are minimum 20 m x 20 m for a windfarm size up to 20 units. GE Energy will
give details as to its position within the windfarm in cooperation with the customer at a later date.
Any variations to the GE Energy specification may only be carried
out after they have been discussed and approved by GE Energy.
GE Energy
Specification
9 Storage of the Plant Components
Figure 20: Option 1 with free storage/assembly area alongside the access road
The layout and position of the storage/assembly area can vary due
to local surroundings and different hub heights
GE Energy
Specification
Figure 21: Option 2, perpendicular, with maximum distance between foundation and access road
The layout and position of the storage/assembly area can vary due
to local surroundings and different hub heights
GE Energy
Specification
10 Crane assembling area
For the assembly of the main boom/jib of the main crane a free area must be provided. This area needs to be
accessible for the assisting crane which will always be required. The assisting crane will also require a plain
area beside the site road, or along the direction chosen for the assembly of the main boom/jib.
Shown below are some examples of the types of cranes that can be used for the installation of the turbines as
well as details of the areas required for the assembly of the main boom/jib and assisting crane. The
requirements listed below are based on a stable terrain with a specified maximum gradient/decline for the
assembly of the main boom/jib. If the conditions below cannot be achieved, then project specific options will
need to be discussed and implemented.
10.1 Crawler Crane with Lattice Main Boom
Required area for assembly 130 m x 10 m
Maximum gradient/decline for main boom/jib assembly 8 % uphill
Clear and flat areas for assisting crane 10 m x 10 m
Figure 22: Crawler crane with lattice main boom
10.2 Telescopic Crane with Lattice Jib
Figure 23: Telescopic crane with lattice jib
GE Energy
Specification
10.3 Wheeled Crane with Lattice Main Boom
Figure 24: Wheeled crane with lattice main boom
The required area for assembly of the crane boom can vary due to
different hub heights, equipment used and to local surroundings.
These drawing are only to be used as an example.
Crane boom assembly downhill is complicated and may not be
possible. If the assembly of the boom cannot be carried out on a
plain or uphill area please contact project management for further
instructions.
GE Energy
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2.5-2.75 Series
Weights and Dimensions
GE Energy
imagination at work
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2.5-2.75_Series_xxHz_GD_allComp_ContrDocW&D.ENxxx.03.doc
Table of Contents
1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
2 Tower Sections Weights and Dimensions................................................................................................................................................... 5
3 Hub and Nose Cone Assembly.......................................................................................................................................................................... 7
4 Blades.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
5 Nacelle............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
6 Downtower Assembly Components............................................................................................................................................................... 8
7 Anchor Ring for 50 Hz turbines only............................................................................................................................................................... 9
7.1 For 75 m and 85 m Hub Height ............................................................................................................................................................. 9
7.2 For 98.3/100 m Hub Height...................................................................................................................................................................... 9
8 Tower Base Ring..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
8.1 For 75 m and 85 m Hub Height .......................................................................................................................................................... 10
8.2 For 98.3/100 m Hub Height................................................................................................................................................................... 10
9 Single Components............................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
GE Energy
2.5-2.75_Series_xxHz_GD_allComp_ContrDocW&D.ENxxx.03.doc 5/10
1 Introduction
All weights in this document are estimates only for field installation and transportation reference and do not
include the weights and dimensions of the shipping frame/fixture that may be required. Actual weights may
vary depending on component manufacturer and are subject to change without notification. All weights must
be verified prior to installation and transportation.
2 Tower Sections Weights and Dimensions
Overview of Platform configuration
Turbine Hub Height
75 m
*
85 m 98.3 m 100 m
*
2.5-100 X X X X
2.5-103 X X
2.75-100 X X X X
2.75-103 X X
Table 1: Tower configuration related to Hub Height
General Electric uses a modular tower design concept. The different hub heights are requiring the tower
sections as given per the following table:
Top section Mid section A Mid section B/B
**
Mid section C Bottom section
100 m hub height Required Required Required Required Required
98.3 m hub height Required Required Required Required Required
85 m hub height Required Required Required Not required Required
75 m hub height Required Required Not required Not required Required
Table 2: Modular tower design concept
*
For 50 Hz turbines only!
**
For 98.3 m hub height
GE Energy
6/10 2.5-2.75_Series_xxHz_GD_allComp_ContrDocW&D.ENxxx.03.doc
This following table gives the weights and dimensions of each tower section and excludes anchor ring and
tower base ring.
Weight (kg) Weight (lbs) Length (m) Length (ft)
Width (m)
top/bottom
Width (ft)
top/bottom
Top section 36000 79366 24.4 800 3.1/4.3 102/142
Mid section A 46000 101413 23.9 785 4.3/4.3 142/142
Mid section B/B
**
52500/48900 115743/107806 20.6/18.9 677/620 4.3/4.3 142/142
Mid section C 50000 110231 15.0 493 4.3/4.3 142/142
Bottom section
85 m HH
46000 101413 12.0 395 4.3/4.3 142/142
Bottom section
75 m HH
61000 134482 22.6 742 4.3/4.3 142/142
Bottom section
98.3 m HH
55000 121254 12.0 395 4.3/4.3 142/142
Bottom section
100 m HH
55000 121254 12.0 395 4.3/4.3 142/142
Table 3: Weights and dimensions of the tower sections
**
For 98.3 m hub height
GE Energy
3 Hub and Nose Cone Assembly
This section gives the weights and dimensions of the hub and excludes the nose cone and the bolts that are
used to attach the blades to the hub.
Weight (kg) Weight (lbs) Length (m) Length (ft) Width (m) Width (ft) Height (m) Height (ft)
25000 55116 3.5 116 3.8 126 3.3 1010
Table 4: Weights and dimensions of the hub
This section gives the weights and dimensions of the nose cone.
800 1764 2.9 97 2.9 97 1.8 511
Table 5: Weights and dimensions of the nose cone
4 Blades
This section gives the weights and dimensions of a single blade. Note that the dimensions given are for the
blade alone and do not include the bolts used to attach the blade to the hub.
100 m Blades
Weight (kg) Weight (lbs) Length (m) Length (ft) Height (m) Height (ft)
8925 19676 48.7 15910 3.6 1110
Table 6: Weights and dimensions of a 100 m single blade
103 m Blades
Weight (kg) Weight (lbs) Length (m) Length (ft) Height (m) Height (ft)
9300 20503 50.2 1648 3.6 1110
Table 7: Weights and dimensions of a 103 m single blade
GE Energy
5 Nacelle
This section gives the weights and dimensions of the nacelle and its internal components and excludes the hub
and blades.
84000 185188 11.2 369 4.2 139 3.8 126
Table 8: Weights and dimensions of the standard nacelle
82200 181220 9.5 312 4.0 132 3.8 126
Table 9: Weights and dimensions of the BTP nacelle
6 Downtower Assembly Components
This section gives the weights and dimensions of the downtower assembly components.
Component Weight
(kg)
Weight
(lbs)
Length
(m)
Length (ft) Width (m) Width (ft) Height (m) Height (ft)
Transformer level 10750 23700 3.8 126 2.0 67 2.9 96
Controller level 4000 8818 3.8 126 2.2 73 3.1 102
Converter level 8700 19180 3.6 1110 2.2 73 3.2 106
Crossover level 1200 2646 3.6 1110 2.2 73 2.5 82
Table 10: Weights and dimensions of the downtower assembly components
GE Energy
7 Anchor Ring for 50 Hz turbines only
7.1 For 75 m and 85 m Hub Height
This section gives the weights and dimensions of the anchor ring.
3069 6766 4.823 1510 4.823 1510 0.055 03
Table 11: Weights and dimensions of the anchor ring for 85 m hub height for 50 Hz turbines only
7.2 For 98.3/100 m Hub Height
This section gives the weights and dimensions of the anchor ring.
3684 8122 4.842 1511 4.842 1511 0.065 03
Table 12: Weights and dimensions of the anchor ring for 98.3/100 m hub height for 50 Hz turbines only
GE Energy
8 Tower Base Ring
8.1 For 75 m and 85 m Hub Height
This section gives the weights and dimensions of the tower base ring.
Top / Bottom flange
9827 21665 4.3/4.8 142/159 4.3/4.8 142/159 1.0 34
Table 13: Weights and dimensions of the tower base ring for 75 and 85 m hub height
8.2 For 98.3/100 m Hub Height
This section gives the weights and dimensions of the tower base ring.
Top / Bottom flange
12700 27999 4.3/4.8 142/159 4.3/4.8 142/159 1.0 34
Table 14: Weights and dimensions of the tower base ring for 98.3/100 m hub height
9 Single Components
This section gives the weights and dimensions of the major components that are located in the nacelle.
Component Weight
(kg)
Weight
(lbs)
Length
(m)
Length (ft) Width (m) Width (ft) Height (m) Height (ft)
Gear box 23000 50706 3.5 116 2.6 86 2.5 83
Generator 8000 17637 3.3 1010 1.6 53 2.1 611
Table 15: Weights and dimensions for single components

Appendix A - Turbine Manufacturer Technical Specification - 2.75MW

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Appendix A - Turbine Manufacturer Technical Specification - 2.75MW

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