Steam Turbine

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.
2. STEAM TURBINE AND AUXILIARIES
Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator
TOSHIBA
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
2.1 GENERAL 2.2 MAJOR PARTS OF THE STEAM TURBINE 2.3 TURBINE FRONT STANDARD 2.4 MAJOR STEAM VALVES 2.5 TSI
(TURBINE SUPERVISORY INSTRUMENT)
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GENERAL
2.1 GENERAL
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GENERAL
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GENERAL
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GENERAL
HP/ IP outer casing
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GENERAL
HP/ IP outer casing HP inner casing
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GENERAL
Cross over pipe
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GENERAL
LP outer casing
10
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GENERAL
LP outer casing
LP inner casing
11
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GENERAL
Nozzle Diaphragms Nozzle Diaphragms
12
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GENERAL
Nozzle Diaphragms Nozzle Diaphragms HIP Rotor
13
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GENERAL
Nozzle Diaphragms Nozzle Diaphragms HIP Rotor LP Rotor
14
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GENERAL
Bearing standard
Bearing standard
15
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GENERAL
Turning device
Bearing standard
Bearing standard
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MAJOR PARTS FOR STEAM TURBINE
2.2 MAJOR PARTS OF THE STEAM TURBINE

TURBINE NOZZLE TURBINE BLADES TURBINE CASING TURBINE ROTOR BEARINGS TURNING GEAR ATMOSPHERIC RELIEF DIAPHRAGM - SHAFT GROUNDING DEVICES
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MAJOR PARTS / NOZZLE
STEAM PATH OF HIGH-EFFICIENCY IMPULSE DESIGN
P3
V3 V2 V1
P2 P1
Steam Pressure Change
Steam Velocity Change
Impulse-Type Steam Path - Rugged Blade Design

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NOZZLE BOX CONSTRUCTION
Nozzle Box & Casing Assembly

19
Upper Half of Nozzle Box

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RUGGED NOZZLE DIAPHRAGMS
Wheel and Diaphragm Construction

20
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MAJOR PARTS / BLADE
RECESSED TENON TYPE BLADE with MULTIPLE TIP FINS and SNUBBER TYPE BLADE with Hi-Lo TYPE TIP FINS
Blade / Type Integral Cover and Shroud Recessed Tenon with Multiple Fins Snubber Type with Hi-Lo Fins Recessed Tenon with Multiple Fins Conventional Tenon and Shroud Type Cover Segment / Lng and Sleeve
FOR EXAMPLE
CONTINUOUSLY COUPLED SNUBBER TYPE BLADE (IP Stages)
COMPARISON OF TIP FINS 21
RECESSED TENONS and STEPPED SHROUDS
STAGE EFFICIENCY
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MAJOR PARTS / BLADE
FIRST STAGE BLADE
22
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MAJOR PARTS / BLADE
INTERMEDIATE STAGE BLADES
23
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MAJOR PARTS / BLADE
SNUBBER TYPE BLADE
24
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MAJOR PARTS / BLADE
LONGER BLADES IN THE LOW PRESSURE SECTION
25
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MAJOR PARTS / BLADE
LAST STAGE BLADE
26
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IP Inner Casing Detail

There is no inner casing on the Intermediate Turbine. Disregard what the narrator says in the next slide about the inner casing. Only the HP Turbine has an inner casing.
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MAJOR PARTS / CASING
HP & IP CASING
- Opposed Flow Configuration : Both the high pressure and the intermediate pressure section enclosed in one cylinder
Less thermal stress and steam leakage Compact design
High Performance and High Reliability Easy Operation, Installation and Maintenance Minimal possibility of steam leakage Lower stress and temperature gradient
- Double Shell Construction
- Centerline Support
27
Easy Operation, Installation and Maintenance

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HP AND IP CASING SIMPLIFIED OPPOSED FLOW & DOUBLE SHELL
Double Shell Construction

28
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CENTERLINE SUPPORT AND EXPANSION CONTROL
True Centerline Support

29
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DISASSEMBLY OF HP & IP CASING
30
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HIP CASING DURING MANUFACTURING
31
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HP DIAPHRAGM
IP DIAPHRAGM
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LP CASING
32
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Low Pressure Turbine Atmospheric Relief Valves

There is only one (1) atmospheric relief valve on the turbine. There are not 3 as shown in next slide.
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LP CASING
Axial Key
33
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LP CASING
Atmospheric relief diaphragms
Rupture Pressure is 34.5 kPag.
Axial Key
34
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LP CASING
Atmospheric relief diaphragms
Hand holes
Axial Key
35
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LP CASING DURING MANUFACTURING
36
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LP CASING DURING MANUFACTURING
37
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MAJOR PARTS / ROTOR
ROTOR
HP-IP Rotor and LP Rotor

38
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MAJOR PARTS / ROTOR
MULTI-SPAN CRITICAL SPEED MODE DIAGRAM FOR EXAMPLE
39
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MAJOR PARTS / ROTOR
TURBINE ROTOR DURING MANUFACTURING
40
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MAJOR PARTS / BEARING
BEARINGS
- Arrangement of Bearings and Design Specifications HPIP ST#1 Type Mounted on DTP Front Stand ST#2 DTP Middle Stand ST#3 EL LP CSG Cone LP ST#4 EL LP CSG Cone GEN#5 EL BRG Pedestal GEN#6 EL BRG Pedestal
- DTP: Double Tilting Pad
EL: Elliptical Type
- Bearing Pressure = Bearing Load / (Diam.Length) for Journal Bearings
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TILTING PAD BEARING
42
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ELLIPTICAL BEARING
43
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ELLIPTICAL BEARING
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ELLIPTICAL BEARING
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BEARING SYSTEM WITH ENSURED STABILITY
Tapered-land Thrust Bearing

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MAJOR PARTS / TURNING GEAR
TURNING GEAR Speed for Turning Gear is 5.1 rpm at this project!
(1) Location of Turning Device
The cap - mount - type turning device is located on the LP turbine generator end pedestal. - The required driving force has been minimized due to the maximum spacer gear diameter at the ST&G coupling. - The space around the ST&G coupling is more stable as a turning gear location because it will be the coldest, and the rotor alignment change is relatively smaller than other spaces.
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TURNING GEAR
46
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TURNING GEAR
47
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TURNING GEAR
47
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TURNING GEAR
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Turning Gear Operations

It Can Be Engaged 3 Ways:
Manually by means of a hand lever Remotely by use of a pushbutton at DCS Automatically by engaging mechanism driven by an air operated solenoid valve.
A zero speed indicator will actuate the device and engage the turning gear when the rotor is completely stopped.
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MAJOR PARTS / OTHERS
ATMOSPHERIC RELIEF DIAPHRAGM
Cutting Knife
A Diaphragm (Copper Plate)
Rupture Pressure is 34.5 kPag. Detail of B

(Copper Plate)
View A-A
48
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GROUNDING DEVICE ASSEMBLY

Bracket
Copper Braid
Spring
Rotation
49
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TURBINE FRONT STANDARD
2.3 TURBINE FRONT STANDARD
50
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LOCATION OF FRONT STANDARD
CROSS OVER PIPNG
FRONT STANDARD
HP / IP TURBINE
LP TURBINE
GENERATOR
51
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FRONT STANDARD (SIDE VIEW)

No Speed Indicator in Front Standard
#1 Bearing oil Pressure Indicator Differential Expansion Detector #1 Bearing Returned oil Temperature Indicator Eccentricity Detector Vibration Detector Oil Deflector
Sole Plate
#1 Bearing Supplied oil Temperature Indicator
Oil Drain Pipe
#1 Bearing
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FRONT STANDARD (TOP VIEW)

No Speed Indicator in Front Standard
Speed Detector for TSI Speed Detector for EHC Shell Expansion Detector HIP Rotor #1 Bearing
Bearing Oil Feed Pipe
No Shell Expansion Detector in Front Standard

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STEAM VALVES
2.4 MAJOR STEAM VALVES
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STEAM VALVES
LOCATION OF MAJOR STEAM VALVES

Only One (MSV) Main Stop Valve
MSV HP Turbine CV
LP Turbine IP Turbine CRV
Generator
Two CVs/Upper and Lower/Shell Mounted Type

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STEAM VALVES
MSV (Side view)

Valve Bypass Valve
Steam Inlet
Steam Outlet
HYD Cylinder
56
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STEAM VALVES
MSV (Top view)

Steam Outlet Steam Outlet
Steam Inlet
57
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STEAM VALVES
SHELL MOUNT TYPE CV

CV CV CRV
HIP Turbine
CV CRV Side View
CV Front View
58
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STEAM VALVES
CONTROL VALVE (CV) ASSEMBLY

HYD Cylinder
Valve stem
Valve
59
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STEAM VALVES
COMBINED REHEAT VALVE (CRV) ASSEMBLY
62
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STEAM VALVES
COMBINED REHEAT VALVE (OUT LINE)
IV Hydraulic Actuator
IV Yoke
Steam Outlet RSV Yoke RSV Hydraulic Actuator
Steam Inlet
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STEAM VALVES
COMBINED REHEAT VALVE (ASSEMBLY)

IV Yoke
IV Actuator
Cover
No IV Bypass Valve on This Project!
IV Stem Intercept Valve Strainer Reheat Stop Valve RSV bypass valve RSV Stem
RSV Yoke Steam Inlet RSV Hydraulic Actuator
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TSI
2.5 TSI
TURBINE SUPERVISORY INSTRUMENT
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TSI
CONTENTS
2.5.1. Outline of the TSI 2.5.2. System Description 2.5.3. Principles 2.5.4. TSI Sensor Outline Drawings
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TSI
2.5.1.OUTLINE OF THE TSI

The function of the turbine Supervisory Instrument System is to monitor and control turbine condition including factors such as speed, vibration, differential expansion, expansion, eccentricity, etc. Recently Eddy Current type sensors (in accordance with API std670) have benn developed and are being used widely. These sensors have high accuracy and wide range frequency characteristics, and anti-noise characteristics.
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TSI
VIBRATION
Shaft vibration is one of the most important factors to monitor for safe operation of a rotating machine. In general, increased shaft vibration will result from factors such as rotor imbalance, friction, and instability of lubricating oil, etc These problems can be detected and remedied at an early stage by supervising shaft vibration. In the case of steam turbines, absolute shaft vibration is monitored.The vibration of each bearing in vertical and horizontal directions to the shaft is monitored. High vibration levels will trigger an alarm signal. Should the vibration exceed the high trip level, a turbine trip-signal will be initiated.
68
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TSI
SHELL EXPANSION
The relative positions between the foundation of the turbine and the shell are monitored and shell elongation in the direction of the shaft is measured using a Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT). Excessive shell expansion will trigger an alarm signal.
69
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TSI
DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION
The relative differential expansion between the casing and the rotor is measured. Pickups are installed in the HP/IP turbine and the LP turbine to facilitate this. Excessive differential expansion will activate the alarm.
70
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TSI
ECCENTRICITY
The eccentricity of the turbine rotor is measured and is important for monitoring rotor bow, particularly during the turning operation.
71
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TSI
THRUST POSITION
The mobility in the axial direction of the rotor is measured. An alarm and trip signal will be given, if the mobility exceeds preset values. This monitoring system is a duplicate system in the sence that it comprises 3 sets of detectors, drivers and monitors.
72
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TSI
ZERO SPEED
Turbine speed is monitored, turning interlocks will be initiated if the speed drops below the preset value.
73
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TSI
INSTRUMENT LIST FOR MAIN TURBINE/GENERATOR

M.T Vibration Detector / 12sets(6sets of X/Y) Vibration Detector Extension Cable Vibration Driver Vibration Monitor Shaft Eccentricity / 1set Eccentricity Detector Extension Cable Shaft Eccentricity Driver Shaft Eccentricity Monitor Main turbine Zero Speed / 1set Main turbine Zero Speed Detector Extension Cable Main turbine Zero Driver Main turbine Zero Monitor Shell Expansion / 1set Shell Expansion Detector Shell Expansion Monitor
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HP (HIP)Turbine Differential Expansion / 1 set HP (HIP)Turbine Differential Expansion Detector Extension Cable HP (HIP)Turbine Differential Expansion Driver HP (HIP)Turbine Differential Expansion Monitor LP Turbine Differential Expansion / 1 set LP Turbine Differential Expansion Detector Extension Cable LP Turbine Differential Expansion Driver LP Turbine Differential Expansion Monitor Thrust Position / 3 sets Thrust Position Detector Extension Cable Thrust Position Driver Thrust Position Monitor Keyphasor /1 set Keyphasor Detector Extension Cable Keyphasor Driver System Monitor
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TSI
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TSI
GENERAL LOCATION OF TSI SENSORS

VE SE ZE1 ZE2 ZE3 ZE4 ZE5 ZE6
VIBRATION DETECTOR ZERO SPEED DETECTOR ECCENTRICITY DETECTOR HIP DIFF. EXPANSION DETECTOR SHELL EXPANSION DETECTOR KEYPHASOR DETECTOR THRUST POSITION DETECTOR LP DIFF. EXPANSION DETECTOR
ZE5
SE ZE1 ZE2
#1 E3
VE VE
Y X
VE VE
ZE5
Y X
VE
Y
VE
Y
ZE6 ZE6
X
E4
KEYPHASOR
ZE5
VE
X
VE
DIFF. EXPAN.
DIFF.EXP AN
SPEED
POSTION
ECC
X+Y
BRG.#1
VIB.
#1
VIB.
HP
IP
X+Y
X+Y
BRG.#3
LP
LP
X+Y
BRG.#4
FRONT STANDERD
BRG.#2
THRUST BEARING
SHELL EXPANTION CASING ANCHOR POINT
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TSI
LOCATION OF VIBRATION DETECTORS

VE
VIBRATION DETECTOR
VE VE
Y X
VE VE
Y X
VIB.
X+Y
BRG.#5
VIB.
GENERATOR
X+Y
STEADY SUPPORT
BRG.6
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TSI
2.5.2.Schematic Diagram of TSI - 1

ZERO SPEED ECCENTRICITY
ZERO SPEED DETECTOR FIELD ZERO SPEED DRIVER ECCENTRICITY DRIVER KEYPHASOR DRIVER ECCENTRICITY DETECTOR KEYPHASOR DETECTOR
TSI
ZERO SPEED MONITOR
MONITOR
EHC Cabinet
EHC
EHC
EHC
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TSI
Schematic Diagram of TSI - 2

TURBINE VIBRATION DETECTOR
VIBRATION DETECTOR (BRG.#1-X) FIELD VIBRATION DRIVER
VIBRATION DETECTOR (BRG.#1-Y) VIBRATION DRIVER
VIBRATION DETECTOR (BRG.#2-X) VIBRATION DRIVER
VIBRATION DETECTOR (BRG.#2-Y) VIBRATION DRIVER
TSI
TRIP(BRG.#2,3,4,5,6)
VIBRATION MONITOR-1
VIBRATION MONITOR-2
TRIP
EHC Cabinet
TRIP EHC
EHC
EHC
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TSI

SHELL EXPANSION TURBINE DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION
SHELL EXPANSION DETECTOR FIELD HIP DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION DRIVER LP DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION DRIVER(A) LP DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION DRIVER(B) HIP DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION DETECTOR LP DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION DETECTOR(A) LP DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION DETECTOR(B)
TSI
SHELL EXPANSION MONITOR
HIP DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION MONITOR
LP DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION MONITOR
EHC Cabinet
EHC
EHC
EHC
EHC
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TSI

THRUST POSITION
THRUST POSITION DETECTOR (A) FIELD THRUST POSITION DRIVER (A) THRUST POSITION DRIVER (B) THRUST POSITION DRIVER (C) THRUST POSITION DETECTOR (B) THRUST POSITION DETECTOR (C)
TSI
TRIP(B)/(C)
THRUST POSITION MONITOR (A) TRIP
THRUST POSITION MONITOR (B) TRIP
THRUST POSITION MONITOR (C)
TRIP
EHC
EHC Cabinet
EHC
EHC
EHC
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TSI
2.5.4.PRINCIPLE VIBRATION DETECTOR
DETECTOR SLEEVE DISPLACEMENT DETECTOR
SHAFT Advantages: NO contact with the shaft surface NO moving parts NO wear Easy calibration Good frequency response Disadvantages: External power supply required Sensitive to material properties and imperfections
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TSI
Sensor signal output
Toward/Away
DC COMPONENT AVERAGE GAP
AC COMPONENT DYNAMIC MOTION
84
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TSI
Sensor system response
OUTPUT SIGNAL(Vdc)
-25 LINEAR RANGE (2.2mm) -20
-15 INITIAL OUTPUT -10 NEW OUTPUT
-5 NEW GAP INITIAL GAP
0.3
0.5
0.8
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.5
2.8
3.0
3.3
3.6
GAP (mm)
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TSI
2.5.4. TSI SENSOR SYSTEM OUTLINE
REFERENCE DRAWINGS OF THE INSTRUMENTS
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TSI
Detector
Sensor Side
Connection Side
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TSI
Extension Cable
Sensor Side
Driver Side
88
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TSI
Driver
89
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TSI
Connection Diagram
Terminal Block
Vibration Detector Extension Cable Driver
Shield Cable
CAUTION
To avoid electrical shock, do not apply power source to the monitor when wiring. 90
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TSI
CAUTIONARY NOTE: Instruction manuals are provided for installation, maintenance and troubleshooting of the TSI. The person responsible for the TSI should review these manuals carefully before commencing any of these activities.
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END STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

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Steam Turbine

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STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

2. STEAM TURBINE AND AUXILIARIES

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

HP/ IP outer casing

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

HP/ IP outer casing HP inner casing

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

Cross over pipe

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

Nozzle Diaphragms Nozzle Diaphragms

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

Nozzle Diaphragms Nozzle Diaphragms HIP Rotor

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

Nozzle Diaphragms Nozzle Diaphragms HIP Rotor LP Rotor

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

MAJOR PARTS FOR STEAM TURBINE

2.2 MAJOR PARTS OF THE STEAM TURBINE

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

MAJOR PARTS / NOZZLE

STEAM PATH OF HIGH-EFFICIENCY IMPULSE DESIGN

Steam Pressure Change

Steam Velocity Change

Impulse-Type Steam Path - Rugged Blade Design

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

MAJOR PARTS / NOZZLE

NOZZLE BOX CONSTRUCTION

Nozzle Box & Casing Assembly

Upper Half of Nozzle Box

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

MAJOR PARTS / NOZZLE

RUGGED NOZZLE DIAPHRAGMS

Wheel and Diaphragm Construction

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

MAJOR PARTS / BLADE

CONTINUOUSLY COUPLED SNUBBER TYPE BLADE (IP Stages)

COMPARISON OF TIP FINS 21

RECESSED TENONS and STEPPED SHROUDS

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator