MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Question # 1.

Question Solution (Write A, B, C or D) B

Rapidly growing countries have an age structure that a. b. c. d. e. forms an inverted pyramid has a broad-based pyramid shows little variation in population by age has a narrow pyramid has a relatively large postreproductive population

2.

Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have been implicated in which of the following? a. b. c. d. e. increased global warming increased seawater acidity decreased seawater temperatures both increased global warming and increased seawater acidity both increased global warming and decreased seawater temperatures

3.

The term demographic transition refers to a. b. c. d. e. a requirement for a population to reach a specific size before it becomes stable the slowing down in the growth of a population as it approaches the carrying capacity the decline in death rates followed by decline in birth rates when a country becomes industrialized the decline in death rates followed by a decline in birth rates that occurred when the germ theory of disease was discovered a stabilization of crude birth rates

4.

The primary ways in which the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can be increased are: a. b. c. d. e. Burning fossil fuels Fertilizing croplands Clearing forests and grasslands Two of the above are correct All of the above are correct

5.

Which of the following is true of methane? a. b. c. d. e. It is a greenhouse gas. It is produced by rice paddies. It is produced naturally by wetlands and termites. All of these answers are correct. It is a greenhouse gas and it is produced by rice paddies only.

6.

Which of the following best describes the Earth's average surface temperature for the past 900,000 years? a. b. c. d. e. a steady warming trend fairly steady temperatures until recently many fluctuations of several degrees centigrade fairly steady with occasional cool spells fairly steady with a recent cooling trend

7.

Of what value are the oceans in moderating climate change? a. b. c. d. e. oceans remove about 25% to 30% of the atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by humans. oceans reflect sunlight back into space before the ultraviolet wavelengths are converted into infrared radiation. oceans absorb about 40% of the methane out of the atmosphere that has been produced by rice paddies and livestock. oceans help to reduce the level of water vapor in the atmosphere through condensation and transpiration. all of these answers.

8.

The people least vulnerable to pollution risks are: C a. b. c. d. e. infants elderly people adult males people with heart and respiratory disease pregnant women

9.

Age structure diagrams a. b. c. d. e. Show only two age groups: reproductive and not reproductive Show the number of males and females in the reproductive age categories only Are strictly for present use and do not provide insight into future trends Are useful for studying developing countries but not developed countries Are useful for predicting population momentum

10.

Which category most accurately describes waste such as food wastes, cardboard, cans, bottles, yard wastes, furniture, plastics, metal, glass, and e-waste? a. b. c. d. e. e-waste municipal waste solid waste industrial waste municipal solid waste

11.

An integrated waste management approach for industrial enterprises: a. b. c. d. e. eliminates unnecessary packaging makes a product require frequent replacement uses more material encourages built-in obsolescence all of these answers

12.

Which of the three Rs are preferred because they are input approaches to waste management? a. b. c. d. e. reducing and recycling reducing and repurposing reducing and reconstituting reducing and reusing reducing and incinerating

13.

Which of the following statements is correct? D a. b. c. d. e. We should view hazardous wastes as wasted resources. We should view solid wastes as materials we should not be producing in the first place. We should view solid wastes and hazardous wastes as being the same thing. We should view hazardous wastes as something we should not be producing in the first place. None of these answers are correct.

14.

The system likely to be impacted by persistent organic pollutants that result in so called gender-bender effects is the: a. b. c. d. e. circulatory system endocrine system immune system excretory system cardiovascular system

True/ False Question # 1. Question Solution (T or F) T

8. Carrying capacity is the population size (or density) at which the environment is saturated.

2.

Births and deaths are the only two factors that determine population sizes.

3.

Birth and death rates generally decline as countries develop economically.

4.

Most of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is the result of human activities. The reason mercury is so persistent in the environment or living organisms is that it is an element and thus cannot be broken down or degraded.

5.

Completion (note, some allowance is made for similar terms/words used) Question Question # 1. In __________________ ______________ is the combination of all factors that act to limit the growth of a population. (2 words) 2. Analysts vary as to their opinion of which factor is the more serious threat to the Earths life support systems: ____________________ or ____________________. (2 words) 3. The cleanest burning alternative among the fossil fuels is ______________ __________. (2 words) 4. The _____________________ has been referred to as a methane time bomb because it could release such a high level of methane into the atmosphere. (1 word) 5. Carcinogens, mutagens, and ___________ are toxic agents. (1 word) 6. A(n) ____________________ effect is an immediate or rapid reaction to exposure to a harmful substance. (1 word) 7. _____________ _____________ _____________ are chemical substances that persist in the environment and accumulate in the fatty tissues of humans and other organisms. (3 words) Persistent organic pollutants Acute Teratogens Permafrost Natural gas Overconsumption, overpopulation Overpopulation, overconsumption Solution

Environmental resistance

8.

Contaminated water that leaks from landfills is called ____________________. (1 word)

Leachate

9.

The top priority in dealing with hazardous Pollution prevention waste should be the same as the top priority for solid waste, and that is _____________ ______________. (2 words)

10.

A method of dealing with solid waste that causes a low amount of water pollution, but a high amount of air pollution, is ____________________. (1 word)

Incineration

11.

Some individuals are sensitive to a multitude of toxins, a condition called _____________ _____________ _____________ (3 words)

Multiple chemical sensitivity

12.

As countries become more _________________, their populations tend to grow more slowly. (1 word)

Industrialized

Short Answer

1. On the graph, explain what the designation LD50 means (1 mark) ANS: LD50 is the median lethal dose, or the dose that can kill 50% of the population in a test population within 18 days. 2. On this graph, what dose in hypothetical units did it take to kill 25% of the population? (1mark) ANS: 6 units 3. What purpose does a graph such as this one serve in our challenge of evaluating hazardous chemicals? (1 mark) ANS: This dose-response graph represents the way scientists estimate the toxicity of a chemical by determining the effects of various doses of that chemical on test organisms. Typically, the test organism is a rodent. The point of the graph is to help estimate a lethal dose by examining the dose that kills 50% of a population.

Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice (A,B, C or D)

1. On the generalized model of the demographic transition, choose the stage in which population growth continues but at a slower and rate. (1 mark) C

2. On the generalized model of the demographic transition, choose the stage that has a high birth rate and a high death rate. (1 mark) A

3. On the generalized model of the demographic transition, choose the stage in which most countries experience zero growth rate. (1 mark) D

4. On the generalized model of the demographic transition, choose the stage in which death rates decrease and birth rates are high. (1 mark) B

Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice (A,B, C or D)

1. Which area is a methane gas recovery well? 2. Which area represents monitoring wells? 3. Which area contains compacted solid wastes? 4. Which area is a methane storage area?

C B A D

GEK 1522 Global Environmental Issues

End-Term Test: Semester 2 2012/2013 19 April 2013

Name:

Matriculation #:

DO NOT TURN OVER THIS SCRIPT UNTIL INSTRUCTED TO DO SO.

Time: 45 minutes Total: 50 marks

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