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Mechanics of Solids

Axial Load

Axial Load: Stress Concentration

P Equilibrium:

Stress-concentration factor

P = [42 x 4 x (12.5 x 15 ) + 42 x (10 x 12.5)] x 2 = 73.5 kN avg = P/A = 73.5 x 1000/(12.5 x 15 x 2) =196 MPa K = max /avg = 252/196 = 1.29

Axial Load: Compatibility Conditions


4-43 The assembly consists of two red brass C83400 copper alloy rods AB and CD, a stainless 304 steel alloy rod EF, and rigid cap G. Determine the average normal stress developed in rods AB, CD and EF. (p. 146) Equilibrium: FAB + FEF - 40 x 2 = 0
300 m 450 mm

Compatibility: AB + EF = 0 FAB = 0.88 FEF FEF = 42.6 kN FAB = 37.4 kN Principle of Superposition: FEF E FAB A EF F B FEF FAB FC FAB A EF = 33.8 MPa AB = AB = - 26.5 MPa

A
30 mm

B
30 mm

40 kN
40 mm 450 mm

C
300 m

40 kN 40 kN

E A
2A

F
40 mm

40 kN 40 kN

+
AB

E B

FEF

40 kN

Axial Load: Compatibility Conditions


4-43 The assembly consists of two red brass C83400 copper alloy rods AB and CD, a stainless 304 steel alloy rod EF, and rigid cap G. Determine the average normal stress developed in rods AB, CD and EF. (p. 146) 300 m 450 mm Equilibrium: Compatibility: - FAB + FEF - 40 x 2 = 0 AB + EF = 0 FAB = - 0.88 FEF FEF = 42.6 kN FAB = - 37.4 kN FEF E FAB A EF = 33.8 MPa AB = AB = - 26.5 MPa EF F B FEF FAB FC FAB A B A
2A

A
30 mm

B
30 mm

40 kN
40 mm 450 mm

C
300 m

40 kN 40 kN

E B

F
40 mm

40 kN E 40 kN

+
AB

FEF

40 kN

Axial Load: Principle of Superposition


4-43 The assembly consists of two red brass C83400 copper alloy rods AB and CD, a stainless 304 steel alloy rod EF, and rigid cap G. Determine the average normal stress developed in rods 300 m 450 mm AB, CD and EF. (p. 146) Principle of Superposition: A = A_1 + A_2 Compatibility: A = 0 A E
2A

40 kN
40 mm

FEF

40 kN

=
FAB_1(= 80 kN) A A_1 B E 40 kN F

F.B.D

40 kN

+
FEF = 42.6 kN FAB = FEF - 80 = - 37.4 kN
(Principle of Superposition)

FAB_2 (= FEF) A_2 A B

FEF

Axial Load: Principle of Superposition


4-35 The 304 stainless steel A is surrounded by a red brass C8400 tube B. Both rest on the rigid surface. Determine the required diameter d of the steel post so that the load is shared equally between the post and tube. (p. 145) F.B.D 25 kN Equilibrium: B 25 kN FA + FB 25 = 0 ; FA = FB Compatibility: A = B
FA 200 mm FB

B A
75 mm

FB

12 mm

Esteel = 193 GPa Ebrass = 101 GPa

Statically determinate/indeterminate Structures


Analysis of Pin Jointed Frames If J denotes the number of pin-joints: Equations: 2J = number of equilibrium equations

Unknown Forces: m = number of member forces r = number of reaction forces If m + r = 2J , the frame is statically determinate If m + r > 2J , the frame is statically indeterminate If m + r < 2J , the frame is a mechanism

Axial Load: Internal (Axial) Force Diagram


4-2 the copper shaft is subjected the axial loads shown. Determine the displacement of end A with respect to end D if the diameters of each segment are dAB = 75 mm, dBC = 50 mm and dCD = 25 mm. Take Ecu = 126 GPa (p. 131)
1250 mm 1875 mm 1500 mm

Segment AB:

30 kN

10 kN

5 kN

A
30 1.25 0.067

10 kN

15 kN

N [kN]
30
10 3.75 1.875 0.075

10 0 A -5
B C D

-5

2.5 1.5 -0.121

0.021

Axial Load: Internal (Axial) Force Diagram


4-2 the copper shaft is subjected the axial loads shown. Determine the displacement of end A with respect to end D if the diameters of each segment are dAB = 75 mm, dBC = 50 mm and dCD = 25 mm. Take Ecu = 126 GPa (p. 131)
1250 mm 1875 mm 1500 mm

Segment AB: FAB =30 kN

30 kN

5 kN

A N [kN]

35 kN

FBE = 30 kN

30

FEC = -5 kN

0 A -5

FEC = -5 kN

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