Argentina...........................

Bolivia...............................
Brazil..................................
Chile ..................................
Colombia ...........................
Costa Rica.. ......................
Cuba .................................
Dominican Republic.. ........
Ecuador.. ............................
El Salvador.. ......................
Guatemala.. ........................
Haiti.. .................................
Honduras.. ..........................
Mexico .............................
Nicaragua.. ........................
Panama.. ............................
Paraguay.. ..........................
Peru.. ..................................
United States.. ................. .
Uruguay.............................
Venezuela.. ........................

i
20.9
3.4
70.5
7.6
14.1
I.1
6.7
2.9
4.2
2.6
3.7
3.5
1.9
34.6
I .47
1.05
1.7
10.8
I805
2.7
6.7
157
496
3,615
72
352

2T

1,073
424
3,287
286
440
20
44
19
105
8
42
II
43.
760
57

18
8
21
26
31
54
I45
148
39
316
83
319
41
41
23
34
10
21
57
36
18

Buenos Aires
La Paz
Sao Paul0
Santiago
Bogota
San Jose
Havana
Ciudad Trujilld
Guayaquil
San Salvador
Guatemala
Port-au-Prince
Tegucigalpa
Mexico, D.F.
Managua
Panama
Asunci6n
Lima
New York
Montevideo
Caracas

--

iluau

5,617
321
3,316
1,547
1,005
212
1,218
295
290
204
284
196
100
4,500
109
221
219
1,405
7,182
845
1,168

(n;,

lhlfl7

fhJD&

100
107
105
102
104
III
164
114
99
317
171
111
392
107

656
3,470
567
1,230
187
116
4l

(1953=100)

6.91 (1959)

8.22 (1959)
3.88 (1959)
3.49 .(1959)
45 (1959)
2.36 (I 9S8)
.6b (1959)
.84, (1959)
30 (1958)
.65 (1959)
.33 (1955)
.37 (1959)
9.76 (1959)
.I5 (1950)
.37 (1958)
.I9 (1958)
1.34 (1958)
t99.8 (I 9bO)

7.23 (1959)

"M%;isrJu

1479-1875

Ferdinand and Isabella, 1479-I 516; 1474-1504

Charles I (V>, 1516-1556, Emperor, 1519-1556,
Philip II. 1556-l 598
Philip III, 15984621
Philip IV, 1621-1665
Charles II, 1665-1700
Philip V, 1700-1746
Ferdinand VI, 1746-l 759
Charles III, 1759-1788
Charles IV, 1788-1808
Joseph Bonaparte, 1808-I 813
Ferdinand VII, 1813-1833
Isabella II, 1833-1868
Amadeo, 1870-1873
Republic, 1873-1875

John I (Avis), 1385-1433

Edward. 1433-1438
Affonso V, 1438-l 481
John II, 1481-1495
Manoel I 1496-1521
John III, 1521-1557
Sebastian, 1557-l 578

tT255fNl 1558

263
Henry, Cardinal, 1578-l 580
Philip II of Spain, 1580-1598
Philip III of Spain, 1598-1621
Philip IV of Spain, 1621-1640
John IV (Braganza), 1640-1656
Affonso VI, 1656-l 683
Pedro II, 1683-1706
John V, 1706-1750
Joseph, 1750-1777
Maria I, 1777-1816
John VI, 1816-1826

Junta of Government
1810, May, 2!3. The revolution of May 25 proclaims a provisional board of government
consisting of nine members: president: Cornelio Saavedra; member: Juan Jose Castelli,
Manuel Belgrano, Miguel Azcuenaga, Manuel Alberti, Domingo Matheu, Juan Larrea;
secretaries: Juan Jo& Passo, and Mariano Moreno.
1810, Dec. 18. Twelve members are added as deputies of the provinces.

First

Triumvirate

1811, Sept. 23. Feliciano A Chiclana, Juan Jose

Passo, and Manuel de Sarratea. Secretary:

Bernardino Rivadavia.
Second Triumvirate
1812, Oct. 8. Juan Jo& Passo,. Nicol&s Rodriguez Pe?fa, and Antonio Alvarez Jonte.

Supreme Directors
1814, Jan. 22. Gervasio Antonio Posadas.

\
\

264
1815, Jan. 9. Gen. Carlos Maria de Alvear;
1815, Apr. 21 Gen. Jose Rondeau.
1815, Apr.. 21 Col. Ignacio Alvarez Thomas is provisionally appointed during absence of

Rondeau
1816, Apr. 16. Gen. Antonio Gonzhlez Balcarce.

1816, May 3. Gen. Juan Martin de Pueyrredbn.

i.

1819, June 9. Gen. Josh Rondeau

Governors of Buenos Aires

1820, Feb. 18. Manuel de Sarratea.

1820, Mar. 6 Gen. Juan Ram& Balcarce.

1820, Mar. 12. Manuel de Sarratea.

1820, May 2 Ildefonso Ramos Mejib, acting governor. finally appointed on June 7.
1820, June 22. Gen. Miguel E. Soler.
1820,

June 30. Gen. Marcos Balcarce.

1820, July 1. Gen. Carlos Maria de Alvear.

1820, July 4. Col. Manuel Dorrego, provisional appointment.

1820, Sept. 28. Gen. Martin Rodriguez.
1824, Apr. 2. Gen. Juan Gregorio de Las Heras.

Presidents of the Nation

1826. Feb. 7. Bernardino Rivadavia.
1827, July 7. Dr. Vicente LBpez, provisional appointment.

Governors of Buenos Aires

1827, Aug. 13. Col. Manuel Dorrego.
1828, Dec. 1. Gen. Juan Lavalle.
1829, Aug. 26. Gen. Juan Jose Viamonte, provisional appointment.
1829, Dec. 8. Co]. Juan Manuel de Rosas.

266
1832, Dec. 17. Gen. Juan Ram&r Balcarce.
1833, Nov. 3. Gen. Juan Jose Viamonte.
1834, Oct. 1. Dr. Manuel Vicente Maza, provisional appointment.
1835, Mar. 7. Gen. Juan Manuel de Rosa%
1852, Feb. 5.. Dr. Vicente Lbpez.
1852, May 31. Gen. Justo Jose de Urquiza.

1852, June 25; Dr. Vicente LBpez provisional appointment.

1852. July 26. Gen. Justo Jose de Urquiza.
1852, Sept. 4. Gen. Jose Miguel Gal&t, provisional appointment.
1852, Sept. Il. Gen Manuel G, Pinto, provisional appointment.
1852, Ott; 31. Dr. Valentin Alsina.
1852, Dec. 7. Gen. Manuel G. Pinto.
1853. June 25. Dr. Lorenzo Torres, Dr. Francisco de las Carreras, and Gen. Jose

Maria

Paz, delegate governors.

Presidents of the Argentine Confederation
1854,

Mar. 5. Gen. Justo Jose de Urquiza.

1860, Mar. 5. Dr. Santiago Derqui.

Governors of the State of Buenos Aires
1853, July 24. Dr. Pastor Obligado, provisionally appointed, and finally designated on Oct. 13.
1857, May 5. Dr. Valentin Alsina.

1859, Nov. 8. Felipe Llavallol, delegate.

1860, May 3. Gen Bartolome Mitre..
Presidents of the Argentine Republic
1861, Bartolome Mitre, provisional, Nov. 5, 1861-Oct. 12, 1862
1862, Bartolome Mitre, Oct.12, 1862-June 12, 1865.

266
1865, Marcos Paz, vice president, assumes the executive power during a journey of Bartolome Mitre to the interior of the country, as general commander of the allied armies,
June 12, 1865 -Jan. 2, 1868.
1868, Bartolome Mitre reassumes power, Jan. 2-Oct. 12, 1866.
1868, Domingo F. Sarmiento, Oct. 12, 1868-O&

1874.

1874, Nicolas Avellaneda, Oct. 12, 1874-Oct. 12, 1880.

1880, Julio Argentino Rota. Oct. 12, 1880-&t. 12, 1886.

d886, Miguel Juarez Celman, Oct. 12, 1886-Aug. 6, 1890.
1890, Carlos Pellagrini, vice president, assumes power after the resignation of the former,

Aug. 6, 1890-W. 12, 1892.

1892, Luis Skenz Peila, Oct. 12, 1892-Jan. 22, 1895.
1895, Jose H. Uriburu, vice president, assumes power after the resignation of the former,

Jan. 22, 1895-Oct. 12, 1898.

1898, Julio Argentino Rota, Oct. 12, 1898 Oct. 12, 1904.
1904, Manuel Quintana, Oct. 12, 1904-Mar. 12, 2906.
1906, Jose Figueroa Alcorta, vice president, assumes power after the death of the former,
Mar. 12, 1906-Oct.

12, 1910.

1920. Roque SBenz Pena, Oct. 12, 191C-Oct. 6, 1913.

1913, Victorino de la Plaza, vice president, assumes the presidency during the illness of

Roque Saenz Pena, Oct. 6, 1913-Aug. 9, 1914.

1914, Victorino de la Plaza, vice president, assumes the presidency after the death of Roque

Saenz Pena, Aug. 9, 1914-Oct.

12, 1916.

1916, Hip&to Irigoyen, Oct. 12, 1916--&t. 12, 1922.

1922, Marcel0 Torcuato de Alvear, Oct. 12, 1922-Oct.

12. 1928.

1928, Hipolito Irigoyen, Oct. 12, 1928-Sept. 6, 1930.

1930, Jo& Felix Uriburu provisional president, Sept. 6, 1930-Feb.
1932, Agustin P. Justo, Feb. 20, 1932 -Feb. 20, 1938.

1938, Roberto M. Ortiz, Feb. 20, 1938-July 3, 1940.

20, 1932.

267
1940, Ramon St Castillo assumes the presidency during the illness of the former, July,
1940-July 7, 1942
1942, Ram&r

S. Castillo assumes the presidency after the resignation of Roberto M. Ortiz,

July 7, 1942-June 4, 1943.

1943, Gen. Arturo Rawsoo, June 5-7, 1943.
1943, Gen. Pedro P. Ramirez, June 7, 1943-Mar. 9, 1944.
1944, Gen. Edelmiro J. Farrell, Mar. 9, 1944-June 4, 1946.

1946, Gen. Juan Domingo Peron, June 4, 1946-June 4, 1952. Reelected in 1951 and overthrown, Sept. 19. 1955.
1955, Gen. E6duardo Lonardi, provisional, Sept. 23-Nov. 13, 1955.
1955, Gen. Pedro Eugenio Aramburu, Nov. 13, 1955-May 1, 1958.

1958, Arturo Frondizi, May 1, 1958-March 30, 1962. Overthrown by armed forces

coup.

1962, Jose Maria Guido, Senate president, March 30, 1962-.

1926, Hernando Siles, Jan. 10, 1926-June 25, 1930.

1930, Carlos Blanc0 Galindo (acting), June 28, IQSO-Mar. 5, 1931.
1931, Daniel Salamanca, Mar, 5, 1931-Nov. 27, 1934.
1934, Jose

Luis Tejada Sorzano (acting), Nov. 27, 1934-May 17, 1936.

1936, Jose David Toro R., May 17, 1936-July 13, 1937.
1937, Germfin Busch (provisional), July 13, 1937-May 28, 1938 ; (elected) May 28, 1938-

Aug. 23, 1939.

1939, Carlo!,

Quintanilla (provisional), Aug. 23, 1939-Apr. 15, 1940.

1940, Enrique Pe?faranda

de1 Castillo, Apr. 15, 1940-Dec. 20, 1943.

1943. Gualberto Villarroel, Dec. 20, 1943-July

21, 1946.

1946, Nestor Guillen (acting), July 21- Aug. 16, 1946.

1946, Tom&s Monje Gutierrez (provisional), Aug. 16, 1946-Mar. 10, 1947.
1947, Enrique Herzog, Mar. 10, 1947-May 7, 1949 (resigned Oct. 24. 1949).

268
1949, Mamerto Urriolagoitia ( acting), May i-Oct. 17, 1949 ; (persident)

Oct. 24. 1949-

May 16, 1951 (resigned).

1951, Hugo Bailivian R., May 16, 1951 -Apr. 9, 1952.

1952, Hernan Siies Zuazo (provisional), Apr.

9-16,1952.
1952, Victor Paz Estenssoro, Apr. 16, 1952-Aug. 6, 1956.
1956, Herngn Siles Zuazo, Aug. 6, 1956-Aug. 6, 1960.
1960, Victor Paz Estenssoro, Aug. 6, 1960-

1889, Manoel Deodoro da Fonseca, 1889-1891.

1891, Floriano Peixoto, 1891-1894.

1894, Prudente de Morais Barros, 1894-1898, Sao Paulo.

1898, Manoel Ferraz de Campos Salles, 1898-1902, Sao Paulo.
1902, Francisco de Paulo Rodrigues Alves, 1902-1906, SBo Paulo.
1906, Affonso August0 Moreira Penna, 1906-1909, Minas Gerais.

1909. Nilo Pecanha, vice president, 1909-1910.

1910, Hermes da Fonseca, 1910-1914, Rio Grande do Sui,
1914, Wencesiau Braz Pereira Gomes, 1914-1918.

Minas Gerais.

1918, Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alvee, 1918.

1918, Delphim Moreira da Costa Ribeiro, vice president, 1918-1919.
1919, Epitkio da Silva Pessoa, 1919-1922, Paraiba.
1922, Arturo da Silva Bernardes, 1922-1926, Minas Gerais.

1926, Washington Luis Pereira de Sousa, Nov., 1926-Oct.

24, 1930, Sao Paulo.

1930, Provisional governing junta, Oct. 24-Nov. 3, 1930.

1934, Getulio Dornelles Vargas (provisional), Nov. 3, 1930-July 20, 1934 ; (elected) July

20, 1934-&t. 29, 1945, Rio Grande do Sul.

269
1945, JosC

Linhares, chief justice of the supreme court (ad interim), Oct. 30, 1945-Jan.

31, 1946.

1946, Eurico Gaspar Dutra, Jan. 31, 1946-Jan. 31, 1951.

1951, Getulio Dornelles Vargas, Jan. 31, 1951-Aug. 24, 1954.
1954, JoZo Cafe Filho, vice president acting as president, Aug. 24,

1954-Nov. 8, 1955

(resigned).
1955, Carlos Luz, speaker of chamber of deputies, Nov. 8-l 1, 1955.
1955, Nereu Ramos ((acting), Nov. 11, 1955-Jan. 31, 1956.
1956, Juscel.ino

Kubitschek de Oliveira, Jan. 31, 1956-Jan. 31, 1961.

1961, Janio Quadros, Jan. 31-Aug.

1961, Raniere Mazzilli,

25, 196: (resigned).

interim, Aug. 25-Sept. 8, 1961.

1961, JoZo Goulart, Sept. 8, 1961-.

s-341

%iiIlfl.R1831-1891
1631, Gen. Joachim Prieto, 1831-I 841.
1841, Gen. Manuel Bulnes, 1841-1851.
1851, Manuel Montt, 1851-1861.
1861, Jose Joachim Perez, 1861-1871.
1871, Federico Errtizuriz Za<artu,l871-1876.
1876, Anibal

Pinto, 18761881.

1881, Domingo Santa Maria, 1881-I 886.

1886, Jo& Manuel Balmaceda, 1886-l 891.

1920, Arturo Alessandri, Dec. 23, 1920-Sept. 8, 19Z4.

1924, Military junta headed by Gen. Luis Altamirano, Sept. 5 , 1924-Jan. 23, 1925.
1925, Military

juntu led by Carlos IbBnez de1 Campo, Jan. 23-Mar. 21,

1925.

270
1925, Arturo Alessandri, Mar. 21-Oct. 1, 1925.

1925, Luis Barros Borgono (acting). Oct. 1-Dec. 1925.

1925, Emiliano Figueroa Larrain, Dec., 1925-May 4, 1927.

1927, Carlos IbaZez de1 Campo. May 4, 1927-July 26, 1931.

1931, Pedro Opazo Letelier (acting), July 26-27, 1931.

1931, Juan Esteban Montero Rodriguez (acting), July 27-Aug. 18, 1931.
1931, Manuel Trucco Franzani (acting), Aug. 18-Nov. 15, 1931.
1931, Juan Esteban Montero Rodriguez, Nov. 15, 1931 -June 4, 1932.

1932, Arturo Puga (acting), June 4-12, 1932.

1932, Marmaduque Grove (acting), June 12-16, 1932.
1932, Carlos Davila Espinoza, June 17 -Sept. 13, 1932.
1932, BartolomC Blanche Espejo (acting), Sept. 13-Oct. 2, 1932.

1932, Abraham Oyanedel (acting), Oct. 2-Dec. 24, 1932.

1932, Arturo Alessandri Palma, Dec. 24, 1932-Dec. 24, 1938.
1938, Pedro Aguirre Cerda, Dec. 24, l938-Nov.

10, 1941.

1941, Geronimo Mendez Arancibia (acting), Nov. IO, 1941-Apr.

1942, Juan Antonio Rios Morales, Apr. 2, 1942-June 27, 1946.

1946, Alfred0 Duhalde Vdzquez (acting), June 27-Oct. 17, 1946.
1946, Juan A. Irabarren (acting), Oct. 17-Nov. 3, 1946.
1946, Gabriel Gonzglez Videla, Nov. 3, :946-Nov.

3, 1952.

1952, Carlos Ib&iez de1 Campo, Nov. 3, 1952-Nov. 3, 1958.

1958, Jorge Alessandri Rodriguez, Nov. 3, 1958-

1926, Miguel Abadia Mhdez, Aug. 7, 1926-Aug. 7, 1930.

1930, Enrique Olaya Herrera, Aug. 7, 1930-Aug. 7, 1934.
1934, Alfonso L6pez Pumarejo, Aug. 7, 1934-Aug. 7, 1938.

1942.

271
1938, Eduardo Santos, Aug. 7, 1938-Aug. 7, 1942.
1942, Alfonso L6pee Pumarejo, Aug. 7, 1942-Aug. 7, 1945.
1945, Albert0 Lleras Camargo, Aug. 7, 1945-Aug. 7, 1946.
1946, Mariano Ospina Perez, Aug. 7, 1946-Aug. 7, 1950.
1950, Laureano Gomez, Aug. 7, 1950-June 13, 1953.
1951, Roberto Urdaneta Arbelaez (acting), Oct. 31, 1951-June 1:3, 1953.
1953, Gustav0 Rojas Pinilla, seized power by coup detat (provisional), June 13, 1953Aug. 3, 1954 ; (elected) Aug. 3, 1854-May 10, 1957 (resigned).
1947, Military junta, May IO-Aug. 7, 1958.
1958, Albert0 Lleras Camargo, Aug. 7, 1958~-Aug.

7, 1962.

1962, Guillermo Le6n Valencia, Aug. 7, 1962-

1928, Cleto Gonzales Viquez, May 8, 1928-May 8, 1932.

1932, Ricardo Jimenez Oreamuno, May 8, 1932-May 8, 1936.

1936, Le6n Cortez Castor, May 8, 1936-May 8, 1940.

1940, Rafael Angel Calder6n Guardia, May 8, 1940 May 8, 1944.

1944, Teodaro Picardo Michalski, May 8, 1?44-Apr. 19, 1948.
1948, Santos Le6n Herrera (provisional), Apr. 19 -Mav 8, 1948.
1948, Jose Figueres (provisional), May 8, 1948-Nov. 8, 1949.
1949, Otilio Ulate Blanco, Nov. 8, 1943-Nov. 8, 1953.
1953, Jose Figueres, Nov. 8, 1953-May 8, 1958.
1958, Mario Echandi Jimenez, May 8, 1958-

i&l "%b&i 'Ml. 1925

1925, Gerar(do

Machado Morales, May 20, 1925-Aug. 12, 1933.

1933, Carlos Nanuel de Cespedes (provisional), Aug. 12-Sept. 5, 1933.

1933, Council of Five, Sept. 5-10, 1933.

272
1933, Ran& Grau San Martin (provisional), Sept. 10, 1933-Jan. 15, 1934.
1934, Carlos Hevia (provisional), Jan. 15-18, 1934.
1934, Mzkquez

Sterling (acting), Jan. 18, 1934.

1934, Carloa Mendieta Montefur (provisional), Jan. 18, 1934-Dec. 11, 1935.
1935, Jose A. Barnet y Vinageras, Dec. 11, 1935-May 20, 1936.
1936, Miguel Tariano Gomez Arias, May 20-Dec. 24, 1936.
1936, Federico Laredo Bru, Dec. 24, 1936-Oct.

IO, 1940.

1940, Fulgencio Batista y Zaldivar, Oct. IO, 1940 -Oct. 10, 1944.
1944, Ramdn Grau San Martin, Oct. 10, 1944-Oct.

10, 1948.

1948, Carlos Prio Socarris, Oct. 10, 1948-Mar. IO, 1952.

1952, Fulgencio Batista y Zaldivar, assumed power by coup d'etat, Mar. IO, 1952-Feb.
24, 1955 ; (elected), Feb. 24, 1955-Jan. 1, 1959.
1959, Manuel Urrutia Lleo, appointed by revolutionary leader Fidel Castro, Jan. P-July 17,
1959.
1959, Osvaldo Droticos Torrado, July 18, 1959-

1924, Horatio Vasquez, July 12, 1924-Mar. 2, 1930.

1930, Rafael Estrella Urena (acting), Mar. 3-Apr, 22, 1930.
1930, Jacinto Peynado (acting), Apr. 22-May 21, 1930.
1930, Rafael Estrella Urena (acting), May 22-Aug. 16, 1930.
1930, Rafael Leonidas Trujilio

Molina, Aug. 16, 1930-Aug 16, 1938.

1938, Jacints Peynado, Aug. 16, 1938-Feb. 24, 1940.

1940, Manuel de Jesus Troncoso de la Concha (acting), Feb. 24-Mar. 8, 1940 ; (constitutional) M a r . 8 , 1940-May18,1 9 4 2 .
1942, Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina, May 18, 1942;
1952.

reelected May 16, 1947-Aug. 16,

273
1951, Hector 1B. Trujillo Molina (acting),

Mar; 1, 1951-Aug. 16. 1952; (elected) Aug. 16,

1952-A.ug. 3, 1960.
1960, Joachin Balaguer, Aug. 3, 1960-Jan. 16, 1962 (resigned).

1962, Rafael Bonnelly, Jan. 16, 1962-. (Vice president assumes power after resignation of
former.)

1926, Isidro Ayora,May 11, 1926-Aug. 24, 1931.

1931, Luis Larrea Alba (acting), Aug. 24-Ott,

15, 1931.

1931, Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno (acting), Oct. 15, 1931-Sept. 2, 1932.

1932, Albert0 Guerrero Martinez (provisional), Sept. 2-Dec. 5, 1932.
1932, Juan de Dios Martinez Mera. Dec. 5, 1932-Oct. 18, 1933.

1933, Abelarclo Montalvo (provisional), Oct. 18, 1933-Sept. I, 1934.

1934, Jose

Maria Velasco Ibarra, Sept. 1, 1934-Aug. 21, 1935.

1935. Antonio Pons (provisional), Aug. 21 -Sept. 26, 1935.

1935, Federico Phez (proviaional);Sept.

26, 1935-Oct. 23, 1937,

1937, G. Albert0 Enriquez Gallo (provisional), Oct. 23, 1937-Aug. 10, 1938.
1938, Manuel M. Borrero, Aug. IO,-Dec. 2, 1938.
1938, Aurelio Mosquera Narvaes, Dec. 2, 1938-No!'.

16, 1939.

1939, A.F. Cordova (provisional), Dec. 11, 1939-Aug. 17, 1940.

1940, Carlos Arroyo Del Rid, Aug. 17, 1940-May

30, 1944.

1944, JosC kfarla Velasco Ibarra, May 31, 1944-Aug. 24, 1947.
1947, Carlos Mancheno C., Aug. 24-Sept. 2, 1947.

1947, Mariano Suhrez Veintimilla (acting), Sept. 2-16, 1947.

1947, Carlos Arosemena (acting), Sept. 16, 1947-Sept.
1948, Galo Plaza Lasso, Aug. 31, 1948-Aug.

2, 1948.

31, 1952.

1952, Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra, Sept, 1, 1952-Aug. 21, 1956.

274
1956, Camilo Popce Enriguez, Aug 21, 1956 Sept. 1, 1960.
1960, Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra, Sept. I-Nov. 9, 1961.
1961, Carlos Julio Arosemena, vice president installed as president after air force
Nov. 9, 1961-

1927, Pio Romero Bosque, Mar. 1, 1927-Feb. 28, 1931.

1931, Arturo Araujo, Mar. I-Dec. 4, 1931.
1931, Maximiliano Hern&rdez Martinez (acting), Dec. 4, 1931-Aug. 29, 1934.

1934, And&s Ignacio Menendez, Aug. 29, 1934-Mar. 1, 1935.

1935, Maximilian0 Herngndez Martinez, Mar. 1, 1935-May

9, 1944.

1944, And& Ignacio Menfxtdez (provisional), May 9-Oct. 21, 1944.

1944, Osmin Aguirre y Saiinas, Oct. 21, 1944-Mar. 1, 1945.
1945, Satvador Castaneda Castro, Mar. 1. 1945-L&. 14, 1948.
1946, Manuel de J. Cbrdava (provisional). Dec. 15, lQ48-Jan. 4, 1949.
1949, Oscar Osorio (provisional), Jan. 4-Oct. 22, 1949
1949, Oscar Bolanos (provisional), Oct. 22, 1949-Sept. 14, 1950.

1950. Oscar Osorio, Sept. 14, 1950-Sept. '14, 1956.

1956, Jose Maria Lemus, Sept. 14, 1956-&t.

26, 1960.

1960, Military jlcntu, Oct. 26, 1960-Jan. 25, 1961.

1961. New military junta, Jan. 25, 1961-Jan. 25, 1962.

1962, Eusebio Rodolfo Cord& (provisional), Jan. 25, 1962-

fhW1~1 kWB;i! fl.ff.

1926, Lazaro Chacdn

1926

(provisional), Sept. 26, 1926-Dec. 12, 1930.

1930, Baudilio Palma (provisional), Dec. 12-l 7,1930.

1930, Manuel Orellana (acting>, Decl 17, 1930-Jan. 2, 1931.

1931, Jo& Maria Reina Andrade (provisional.), Jan. 2--Feb.

14, 1931.

COUP.

275
7931, Jorge Ubico, Feb. 14, 1931-July

7, 1944.

1944, Military &n&z, July 1-4, 1944.

1944, Federico Ponce (provisional), July 4-&t.

20, 1944.

7944, Triumivirate, Oct. 20, 1944-Mar. 15, 1945.

1945, Juan JosC ArCvalo, Mar. 15, 1945-Mar. 15, 1951.
1951, Jacobo

Arbenz Guzmln, Mar. 15, 1951 -July 2, 1954.

1954, Garlos Castillo Armas, assumed power by revolutionary action ;

1954~-July

(elected) Oct. 10,

26, 1957 (assassinated),

1957, Luis A. Gonzalez LBpez (provisional), July 26--&t.

24, 1957.

1957, Military junta, Oct. 24-26, 1957.

1957, Guillermo Flores Avendano (provisional), Oct. 26, 1957-Mar. 2, 1958.

1958, Miguel Ydigoras Fuentes, Mar. 2, 1958-

1922, Louis Borno, May 15, 1922-May 15, 1930.

1930, Eugene Roy, May 15-Nov. 18, 1930.
1930, Stenio Vincent, Nov. 18, 1930-May

25, 1941.

1941, Elie L.escot, May 15, 1941-Jan. 11, 1946.

1946, Executive military committee, Jan. 11 -Aug. 16, 1946 : president : Frank Lavaud ;
members : Antoine Levelt and Paul E. Magloire.
1946, Dumersais EstimC, Aug. 16, 1946-May 10, 1950.
1950,. Paul E. Magloire, president of Cornit&, May IO-Dec. 6, 1950 ; (elected) Dec.

Dec. 13, 1956 (resigned).

1956, Joseph Memours Pierre-Louis (provisional), Dec. 12, 1956~.Feb.,

1957, L&on.Cantave, February, 1957.

1957, Franck Sylvain, February-April, 1957.

1957, Executive Council, April-May, 1957.

1957.

6, 1950-

e
276

1957, Daniel Fignolk, May -June 14; 1957.

1957, A. T. Kebreau, June 14-Oct. 22, 1957.
1957, Francois Duvalier, Oct. 22, 1957-

1929, Vicente Mejia Colindres, Feb. 1, 1929-Feb. 1, 1933.

1933, Tiburcio Carias hdino,

Feb. 1, 1933-Jan. 1, 1949.

1949, Juan Manuel GPlvez, Jan. 1, 1949-Nov. 16, 1954.

1956, Julio Lozano Diaz (acting). Nov. 16, 1954-Oct. 21, 1956.
1956, Military junta, seized power by COUP d'etat,

Oct. 21, 1956-Dec. 21. 1957.

1957, Ramrh Villeda Morales, Dec. 21, 1957-

1876, Porfirio Diaz, Dec. 23, 1876-1080.

1880, Manuel Gonzhlez, 1880- 1884.
1884, Porfirio Diaz, 1884-May 25, 1911.
1911, Francisco Lehn de la. Barra (provisional), May 25-Nov. 6, 1911.
1911, Francisco Madero, Nov. 6, 1911

-Feb. 18,

1913, Victoriano Huerta, Feb. 22, 1913-July

1914, Venustiano Carranza, July 15, 1914-May

1913.

14, 1914.
21. 1920.

1920, Adolf0 de la Huerta (provisional), May 21 -Dec. 1, 1920.

I

1920, Alvaro ObregBn , Dec. 1, 1920-Dec. 1, 1924.

1924, Plutarco Elias Calles, Dec. 1, 1924-Dec. 1, 1928.

1928, Emilio Portes Gil (provisional), Dec. 1, 1928-Dec. 21, 1929.

1929, Pascual Ortiz Rubio, Dec. 21, 1929-Sept. 2, 1932.

1932, Abelardo L. Rodriguez (provisional), Sept. 4, 1932-Nov. 30, 1934.

1934, LPzaro Chrdenas, Nov. 30, 1934-Dec. 1, 1940.

277
1940, Manuel Avila Camacho, Dec. 1, 1940-Dec.

1, 1446.

1946, Miguel Aleman Valdes. Dec. 1, 1946-Dec.

1, 1952.

1952, Adolfal Ruiz Cortines, Dec. 1, 1952-Dec.

1, 1958.

1958, Adolfo Lopez Mateos, Dec. 1, 1958-

1929, Jose Maria Moncada, Jan. 1, 1929-Jan. 1, 1933.

1933, Juan 13atista Sacasa, Jan. 1, 1933-May 31, 1936.

1936, Minister of gobernaci&r, May 31-June 9, 1936.

1936, Carlos Albert0 Breoes Jarquin (provisional), June 9-Dec. 31, 1936.
1937, Anastasio Somoza, Jan. 1, 1937-May 1, 1947.

1947. Leonardo Argtiello, May l-26, 1947.

1947, Benjamin Lacaya Sacasa (provisional), May 26-Aug. 15, 1947.
1947, Victor Roman y Reyes. Aug. 14, 1947-May 6, 1950.

1959, Anastasio, Somoza (acting 1, May 7, 1950-May 1, 1951 ; (elected) May 1, 1951-Sept.
29, 1956 (assassinated).
1956, Luis Somoza Debayle (provisional), Sept. 29, 1956-May 1, 1957 ; (elected) May 1,

1957-

1928,.Florencio Harmodio Arosemena, Oct. 1, 1928-Jan. .2, 1931.

1931, Harmodio Arias (provisional), Jan 2-l 6, 1931.
1931, Ricardo J. Alfaro, Jan 16, 1931-Oct.

1, 1932.

1932, Harmodio Arias, Oct. 1, 1933-Oct. 1, 1936.

1936, Juan Demostenes Arosemena, .Oct. 1, 1936-Dec.

16, 1939.

1939, Agusto S. Boyd, Dec. 18, 1939-&t. 1, 1940.

1940, Arnulfo Arias, Oct. 1, 1940-Ott 9, 1941
1941, Ernest0 JaCn Guardia, Oct. 9, 1941.

1941, Ricarclo Adolf0 de Ia Guardia, Oct. 9, 1941-June 15, 1945.

278
1945, Enrique Adolf0 Jimdnez, June 15, 1945-&t.

I, 1948.

1948, Domingo Diaz Arosemena, Oct. 1, 1948-July 28, 1949.

1949, Daniel Chanis (acting), July 28-Nod. 20, 1949.

1949, Roberto Chiari, Nov. 20-25, 1949.
1949, Arnulfo Arias, assumed presidency by coup detat, Nov. 24, 1949-May 10, 1951.
1951, Alcibiades Arosemena, May 9, 1951-Oct. 1, 1952.
1952, JosC Antonio Remon

1955, JosC

Cantera, Oct. 1, 1952-Jan. 3, 1955 (assassinated).

Ramon Guizado (acting), Jan. 3-15, 1955 (impeached).

1956, Ricardo M. Arias Espinosa (acting), Jan. 15, 1955 -Oct. 1, 1956.
1956, Ernest0 de la Guardia, Jr., Oct. 1, 1956-Oct. 1, 1960.
1960, Roberto F. Cbari, Oct. 1, 1960-

hlflii FtMii!i fl.BI.

1928

1928, Jose P. Guggiari, Aug. 15, 1928-Oct. 26, 1931.

1931, Emiliano Gonz&lez Navero ( acting >, Oct. 26, 1931 -Jan. 28, 1932.

1932, JosC P. Guggiari, Jan. 28-Aug. 15, 1932.

1932, Eusebio Ayala. Aug. 15, 1932-Feb. 17, 1936.
1936, Rafael Franc0

(provisional), Feb. 18, 1936-Aug. 15, 1937.

1937, Felix Paiva (provisional), Aug. 15, 1937-Aug. 15, 1939.

1939, Jo& FCllx Estigarribia, Aug. 15, 1939-Sept. 7, 1940.

1940, Higinio Morinigo

M, (provisional), Sept. 7, 1940-Aug. 15,

1943 ; (elected), Aug. 15.

1943-June 3, 1946.
b

1948, Juan Manuel Frutos (provisional), June -4-Aug. 15, 1948.

1948, Juan Natalicio GonzBlez,

Aug. 15, 1948-Jan. 30, 1949.

1949, Raimundo Rolon (provisional), Jan. 30-Feb. 26, 1949 (overthrown).

1949, Felipe Molas Lopez (provisional), Feb. 26-May 14, 1949 ; (elected) May 14-Sept.
10, 1949 (resigned).

279
1949, Federico Chaves (provisional), Sept. 11, 1949-July

16, 1950 ; (elected)

July 16,

1950-May 5, 1954 (deposed by army).

1954, Gen. Alfred0 Stroessner, Aug. 15, 1954-

1919, Agusto B. Leg&a (provisional), July 5-&t. 12, 1919 ; (elected) @ct.
25, 19:30.
1930, Manuel Ponce (provisional), Aug. 25-27, 1930.
1930, Luis M. Sanchez Cerro, Aug. 27, 1930-Mar. 1, 1931.
1931, Ricardo Leoncio Elias

(provisional), Mar. 1-5, 1931.

1931, Gustavo A. Jimenez (provisional), Mar. 5-11, 1931.

1931, David !Samanez

Ocampo, Mar. 1 I-Dec. 8, 1931.

1931, Luis M. Sanchez Cerro, Dec. 8, 1931-Apr, 30. 1933.

1933, Oscar IRaimundo

Benavides, Apr. 30, 1933-Dec. 8, 1939.

1939, Manuel Prado y Ugarteche, Dec. 8, 1939-July 28, 1945.

1945, Jose Luis Bustamante, y Rivero, July 28, 1945-Oct. 28, 1948.
1948, Zenon Noriega (acting), Oct. 29-30, 1948.
1948,. Manuel A. Odria, -Oct. 31, 1948-June 1, 1950.
1950, Zenon Noriega (acting), June 1 -July 28, 1950.

1950, Manuel A. Odria, July 28, IQSO-July 28, 1956.

1956, Manuel Prado y Ugarteche, July 28, 1956-July

19, 1962.

1962, Militar:y junta, headed by Gen. Ricardo Perez Godoy, July 19, 1962.

tya% ctad? fm. 1927

i927, Juan C,ampisteguy,

Mar. 1, 1927-Mar. 1, 1931.

1931, Gabriel Terra, Mar. 1, 1931 -June 19, 1938.

1938, Alfred0 Baldomir, June 19 -Aug. 9, 1938.

1938, Cesar Charlone ( acting), Aug. 9-i5, 1938.

12, IQlQ-Aug.

280
1938, Alfredo Baldomir, Aug. 15, 1938-Mar. 1, 1943.

1943, Juan Jose Amezaga, Mar. 1, 1943-Mar. 1, 1947.

1947, Tomas Berreta, Mar. 1 -Aug. 2, 1947.
1947, Luis

Berres,
BatlleAug. 2-31, 1948.

1948, Cesar Mayo Gutitrrez (acting), Aug. 31-Sept. 14, 1948.

1948, Luis Batlle Berres, Sept. 14, 1948-Mar.

1951.

1951, Andre9 Martinez Trueba, Mar. 1, 1951-Mar. 1, 1952.

1952, Return to conciliar form of government, abolishing the office of president and setting

up a federal council of nine members, six from the majority party and three from
i

the minority.

Wd~lfl~WfWi~ 51.91. 1899

1899, Cipriano Castro, 1899-1908.
1908, Juan Vicente Gomez, 1908-Apr.

22, 1929.

1929, Juan Bautista Perez (provisional), Apr. 22, 1929-June. 13, 1931.
1931, Juan Vicente Gomez, July 13; 1931-Dec. 7, 1935.
1935, Eleazar Ldpez Contreras, Dec. 18, 1935-May 5, 1941.
1941, Isaias Medina Angarita. May 5, 1941-Oct. 18, 1945.

1945, Romulo Betancourt (provisional), Oct. 18, 1945 -Feb. 15. 1948.
1948, Romulo Gallegos, Feb. 15-Nov. 24, 1948.
1948, Carlos Delgado Chalbaud (provisional), Nov. 24, 1948-Nov.

13, 1950.

1950, German Suarez Flamerich (provisional), Nov. 27, 1950-Dec. 3, 1952.

1952, Marcoa Perez Jimknez, Dec. 3. 1952-Apr. 19: 1953 ; (constitutional) Apr. 10, 1953Jan. 23, 1958.
1958, Military junta, Jan. 23, 1958-Feb. 13, 1959.
1959, Romulo Betancourt. Feb. 13. 1959-

j
I