Chapter 1

Introduction to WAN

Objetives

Describe how the Enterprise Architecture provides integrated services over an enterprise network. Describe key WAN technology concepts. Select the appropriate WAN technology to meet different enterprise business requirements.

WAN Definition

Generally connect devices that are separated by a broad geographical area. Use the services of carriers (telephone companies, cable companies, satellite systems, and network providers) Use serial connections of various types to provide access to bandwidth.

WAN Definition

Growing Business

Small Office Home Office Few employees LAN for sharing peripherals and Internet

Growing Business

Campus Network Medium size (100+ employees) Multiple LANs Limited to a fixed geographic area In-house IT staff

Growing Business

Headquarter and branches IT team and data center Multiple LANs WAN connection Hierarchical model needs expansion

Growing Business

Distributed network Large size (1000+ employees) Multiple LANs WAN connection

Hierarchical Model

Enterprise Architecture Expansion of the hierarchical model

Divides the enterprise network into:

Physical areas Logical areas Functional areas

Enterprise Architecture

Enterprise Architecture: Campus

Connects the users, server farm and Enterprise edge Modular and allows enterprise grows Include:

Access Distribution Core Server Farm/ Data Center

Enterprise Architecture: Enterprise Edge

Aggregates the connectivity from various functional areas Routes the traffic into the campus core submodule Allows the networks to use resources

Enterprise Architecture: External sites

Branch

Allows businesses to extend the applications and services to remote locations Responsible for managing and maintaining the data systems To telecommute is to leverage the network resources of the enterprise from home

Data Center

Teleworker

Enterprise Architectures

WAN Technologies

WAN Physical Layer Terminology

WAN Physical Layer Terminology

Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)

Equipment located at the subscribers premises and connected with a telecom channel of a carrier. Devices that put data on the local loop. Provides an interface to connect subscribers to a communication link on the WAN cloud. Customer devices that pass the data from a customer for transmission over the WAN.

Data Communications Equipment (DCE)

Data Terminal Equipment (DTE)

WAN Physical Layer Terminology

Demarcation Point

Separate customer equipment from service provider equipment and its responsabilityPhysically, is the cabling junction box. Last-mile Connects the CPE to the CO Local service provider facility

Local Loop

Central Office (CO)

WAN Physical Layer

WAN Physical Layer Standards

EIA/TIA-232

Up to 64 kb/s on 25-pin D-connector (RS-232) Up to 2 Mb/s on 36-pin D-connector (RS-422 / RS-423) Up to 52 Mb/s on a 60-pin D-connector. Up to 2.048 Mb/s using a 34-pin rectangular connector. Synchronous digital communications /15-pin D-connector.

EIA/TIA-449/530

EIA/TIA612/613 (HSSI)

V-35

X.21

WAN data link layer protocols

WAN Switching technologies

A circuit-switched network establishes a dedicated circuit (or channel) between nodes and terminals before the users may communicate.

WAN Switching technologies

Packet switching splits traffic data into packets that are routed over a shared network. Do not require a circuit to be established, and they allow many pairs of nodes to communicate over the same channel.

WAN Technologies

Leased Lines

Leased Lines

Circuit switching: Analog Dial-up

Circuit switching: ISDN

Packet switching: X.25

Packet switching: Frame Relay

Packet switching: ATM

Internet Connection: DSL

Internet Connection: Cable Modem

Internet Connection: Broadband Wireless

Internet Connection: VPN

Internet Connection: VPN

Internet Connection: MetroEthernet

Reduced expenses and administration Easy integration with existing networks Enhanced business productivity

Choosing WAN Connection

Purpose of the WAN Geografic Scope Traffic Requirements

Type Volumes Quality Security

Private or Public Cost

Choosing WAN Connection

Option Leased line Circuit Switching Packet Switching Cell Relay (ATM) Internet Advantage Most secure Less expensive Less expensive Best for simulated use of voice and data expensive Least Globally available Disadvantage Expensive Call setup Shared media Overhead Least Secure

Summary

The enterprise architecture is an expansion of the hierarchical model WAN works over physical and Data Link Layer WAN technologies:

Leased lines Circuit Switching Packet Switching