STPM Trial 2012 Chemistry Qa Perak PDF

SEKOLAH-SEKOLAH MENENGAH KI NTA UTARA, PERAK
GERAK GEMPAR 2012

Instructions to candidates:

DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

There are fifty questions in this paper. For each question, four suggested answers are given.
Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the Multiple Choice Answer Sheet provided.

Read the instruction on the Multiple Choice Answer Sheet very carefully.

Answer all questions. Marks will not be deducted for wrong answers.

This question paper consists of 12 printed pages.

STPM 962/1
* This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. CONFIDENTIAL
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962/1 STPM

CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1

MULTIPLE-CHOICE

One hour and forty-five minutes

http://edu.joshuatly.com/
http://fb.me/edu.joshuatly
CONFIDENTIAL* 2

962/1
*This question paper is confidential until the examination is over. CONFIDENTIAL*
Section A

Four suggested answers labelled A, B, C and D are given for each question. Choose one correct
answer.

1. Which of the following peaks is not found in the mass spectrum of butanoic acid?

e
m
value Ion responsible for peak

A. 15 CH
3
+

B. 73 CH
2
CH
2
CO
2
H
+

C. 74 CH
3
CH
2
CO
2
H
+

D. 88 CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CO
2
H
+

2. At 273 K, 50 % of 1 mole of PCl
5
in a container of 22.4 dm
3
capacity decomposes
according to the following equation. PCl
5
(g) PCl
3
(g) + Cl
2
(g)
What is the total pressure in the container after the dissociation at s.t.p. (273 K)?

A. 0.5 atm B. 1.0 atm C. 1.5 atm D. 2.0 atm

3. Which of the following phase diagrams is consistent with the sublimation of a solid
at room temperature (22
o
C) and atmospheric pressure?

4. A covalent molecule, XY
n
, has the following properties.

(i) It is polar
(ii) It has a pyramidal shape
(iii) It can form coordinate bond with boron trifluoride molecule.

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the XY
n
molecule?

A. X element is more electronegative than Y element.
B. X element is in Group 15 of the Periodic Table.
C. X atom undergoes sp
3
hybridisation to form bonding with Y atom.
D. The XY
n
molecule can act as a Lewis acid.

A
B
C
D
CONFIDENTIAL* 3

962/1
5. The proton number of chlorine, potassium, and calcium are given below :
Cl = 17, K = 19 and Ca = 20.
Thus, we can conclude that the ionic radii of Cl
, K
+
and Ca
2+
ions increases in the
order

A. Cl
< K
+
< Ca
2+
C. K
+
< Ca
2+
< Cl

B. Ca
2+
< K
+
< Cl
D. K
+
< Cl
< Ca
2+

6.

The boiling points of water and ammonia are 373 K and 240 K, respectively. Which
of the following statements best explains their difference in the boiling points?

A. Oxygen is more electronegative than nitrogen.
B. The covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen is stronger than the covalent
bond between nitrogen and hydrogen.
C. The hydrogen bond between water molecules is stronger than the hydrogen
bond between ammonia molecules.
D. There are Van der Waals forces between water molecules but no Van der
Waals forces between ammonia molecules.

7. Decomposition of benzenediazonium chloride at 320 K is a first order reaction.
N
2
+
Cl

OH

+ H
2
O + HCl + N
2

Which of the following graphs of the rate of reaction, R, against concentration of
benzenediazonium chloride, [A] is correct?

A. R

C. R
0 [A]

0 [A]
B. R

D. R
0 [A] 0 [A]

8. Which of the following equilibrium systems has the value of K
c
equal to the value of
K
p
?

A. Cl
2
(g) 2 Cl (g)
B. 2 NO (g) + Cl
2
(g) 2 NOCl (g)
C. 3 Fe (s) + 4 H
2
O (g) Fe
3
O
4
(s) + 4 H
2
(g)
D. CH
3
COOH (l) + CH
3
CH
2
OH (l) CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
3
(l) + H
2
O (l)

CONFIDENTIAL* 4

962/1
9. The industrial process for the manufacturing of ammonia is represented by the
equation below :
N
2
(g) + 3 H
2
(g) 2 NH
3
(g) AH = 92 kJ
Which of the following can be deduced regarding the reaction below :
2 NH
3
(g) N
2
(g) + 3 H
2
(g)

A. The reaction is exothermic.
B. Catalyst will increase the value of the equilibrium constant.
C. The equilibrium constant increases as temperature decreases.
D. The production of nitrogen increases with decreasing pressure.

10. Which of the following indicators is most suitable to be used in a titration between
0.1 mol dm
3
hydrochloric acid and 0.1 mol dm
3
aqueous ammonia?

Indicator pH range
A. Thymol blue 1.2 2.8
B. Methyl orange 3.2 4.4
C. Bromothymol blue 6.0 7.6
D. Phenolphthalein 8.2 10.0

11. Which of the following graphs correctly represents the variation of pH against the
volume of nitric acid added when 20.0 cm
3
of a 0.2 mol dm
3
sodium carbonate
solution is titrated against a 0.2 mol dm
3
nitric acid using phenolphthalein and
methyl orange indicators?

A.

C.

20 40 20 40
Volume of HNO
3
/ cm
3
Volume of HNO
3
/ cm
3

B.

D.

20 40 20 40
Volume of HNO
3
/ cm
3
Volume of HNO
3
/ cm
3

12. The alum, KAl(SO
4
)
2
.2H
2
O, is used in the purification of water. The precipitation of
Al(OH)
3
helps to eliminate suspended particles in water. At what pH will
precipitation of Al(OH)
3
begins if 3.30 kg of alum is dissolved in 5000 dm
3
of
water? [Relative molecular mass of alum = 474 and the solubility product, K
sp
for
Al(OH)
3
= 3.70 x 10
15
mol
4
dm
12
]

A. 3.86 B. 9.98 C. 10.0 D. 10.1
CONFIDENTIAL* 5

962/1
13. The boiling pointcomposition curve for a mixture of two liquids, X and Y is shown
below.
Temperature / C

100 % X Z 100 % Y
Composition

Which of the following statements can explain the curve above?

A. The mixture shows positive deviation from Raoults law.
B. When X and Y are mixed, heat is absorbed.
C. Fractional distillation of a mixture containing 50 % X will yield a residual with
the Z composition in the distillation flask.
D. The total vapour pressure of the mixture is the total vapour pressure of pure X
and pure Y.

14. The relationship between the electrode potential and concentration is given by the
Nernst equation.

E = E
u

0.06
lg
[oxidised ion]
n [reduced ion]

The standard e.m.f. of the cell
Zn (s) / Zn
2+
(aq, 1 mol dm
3
) || Cu
2+
(aq, 1 mol dm
3
) / Cu (s) is + 1.10 V. If the
concentration of the Cu
2+
ions is reduced to 0.10 mol dm
3
and the concentration of
the Zn
2+
ions is fixed, what will be the e.m.f. of the cell?

A. 1.04 V B. 1.07 V C. 1.13 V D. 1.16 V

15. Consider the half-cells below :

Half-cell reaction E
u
/ V

Ba
2+
+ 2e Ba 2.90

Cr
3+
+ 3e Cr
0.74
Co
2+
+ 2e Co 0.28
PbO
2
+ 4H
+
+ 2e Pb
2+
+ 2H
2
O +1.47
Co
3+
+ e Co
2+
+1.82

Which of the following reactions will give the highest e.m.f.?

A. 2 Cr
3+
+ 3 Ba 2 Cr + 3 Ba
2+

B. 2 Co
3+
+ Ba Ba
2+
+ 2 Co
2+

C. 3 Co
2+
+ 2 Cr 3 Co + 2 Cr
3+

D. 2 Co
3+
+ Pb
2+
+ 2 H
2
O 2 Co
2+
+ PbO
2
+ 4 H
+

CONFIDENTIAL* 6

962/1
16. Which of the following represents an ion, Z, which will be discharged at the anode
when electrolysis of a molten compound contains Z ions?

Proton number Electronic configuration
A. 10 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6

B. 11 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6

C. 13 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6

D. 17 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6

17. Which of the following is not required in the calculation of the lattice energy of
calcium oxide using the BornHaber cycle?

A. Enthalpy of hydration C. Enthalpy of atomisation
B. Enthalpy of ionisation D. Electron affinity

18. Consider the neutralisation reactions below :

NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) NaCl (aq) + H
2
O (l) AH
1
= 52.7 kJ
NaOH (aq) + H
2
SO
4
(aq) Na
2
SO
4
(aq) + H
2
O (l) AH
2
= 68.0 kJ

AH
2
is more negative than AH
1
because

A. H
2
SO
4
is a stronger acid than HCl
B. H
2
SO
4
dissociates completely in water but HCl only dissociates partially
C. the heat of dilution of H
2
SO
4
is larger than that of HCl
D. the lattice energy of HCl is higher than that of H
2
SO
4

19. Which of the following statements is true regarding the oxides of the elements in
Period 3 (sodium to chlorine) of the Periodic Table?

A. Sodium oxide is the strongest base because sodium is the most electropositive
element in Period 3.
B. Across Period 3, the properties of the oxides change from base to acid because
the bond between the element and oxygen gets stronger.
C. Aluminium oxide is amphoteric because aluminium is in Group 13.
D. Silicon dioxide does not react with aqueous sodium hydroxide because it is
neutral.

20. When aqueous X is added to aqueous Y, a white precipitate is formed immediately.
What is X and Y?

X Y
A. magnesium chloride sodium sulphate
B. barium nitrate potassium nitrate
C. barium chloride sodium sulphate
D. barium nitrate ammonia

21. Which of the following about the property and use of aluminium is correct?

Property Use
A. Good heat conductor Aluminium paint
B. Good light reflector Cooking pot
C. Resistance to corrosion Electrical cable
D. Low density Aircraft body

CONFIDENTIAL* 7

962/1
22. Which of the following represents the correct set of conditions used in the extraction
of aluminium by electrolysis?

Anode Cathode Temperature / C

A. Graphite Mercury 900
B. Platinum Platinum 600
C. Mercury Graphite 600
D. Graphite Graphite 859

23. Below are the structural formulae of three compounds, X, Y and Z.

H

CH

H

X Y Z

Which of the following shows the position of the atoms in the respective molecules?

All atoms in the molecule
are located in the same plane
Only carbon atoms
are located in the same plane

A. X, Y X
B. X, Z X, Y
C. X, Y X. Y, Z
D. X, Z X, Y, Z

24. Why is the halogenation of alkanes considered a chain reaction?

A. it occurs with the presence of ultraviolet light
B. it occurs without the generation of intermediates
C. each step generates the reactive intermediate that causes the next step to occur
D. the reaction allows long chains of halogenated alkanes to be formed

25. Benzene reacts with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulphuric
acid to produce nitrobenzene according to the equation :

C
6
H
6
+ HNO
3

4
SO
2
H
C
6
H
5
NO
2
+ H
2
O

What is the function of sulphuric acid in the above reaction?

A. To protonate the nitric acid
B. To eliminate the water produced
C. To prevent disubstitution from occurring
D. To prevent oxidation of benzene by nitric acid

26. What is the best choice of reagent to perform the following transformation?

A. Br
2
, H
2
O B. HBr C. Br
2
, CCl
4
D. HBr, H
2
O
2

CONFIDENTIAL* 8

962/1
27. What is the organic product obtained when ochloroethylbenzene is refluxed with
alkaline potassium manganate (VII) for several hours, followed by dilute sulphuric
acid?

A. COOH

B. COOH

Cl

C. CH
2
COOH

Cl

D. CHO

Cl

28. Conversion of ethene to ethanol can be carried out in two stages as below :

I CH
2
= CH
2
(g) + HI (g) CH
3
CH
2
I (l)
II CH
3
CH
2
I (g) + KOH (aq) CH
3
CH
2
OH (aq) + KI (aq)

Which of the following is true about reaction I and II?

I II
A. Addition Elimination
B. Substitution Addition
C. Addition Substitution
D. Substitution Substitution

29. Menthol is one of the substances added into a cough mixture. The
structure of its molecule is as given. Which statement is true of
menthol?

CH
3

OH
CH(CH
3
)
2

A. It has two chiral centres.
B. It has two functional groups.
C. It reacts with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide.
D. It decolourises an acidified solution of potassium manganate (VII).

30. Which of the following reagents will react with ethanol and phenol?

A. Ethanoic acid C. Ethanoyl chloride
B. Aqueous bromine D. Aqueous sodium hydroxide

31. For which one of the following pairs of compounds can the members be
distinguished by means of Tollens test?

A. HCHO and CH
3
CHO C. CH
3
COCH
3
and CH
3
CO
2
CH
3

B. CH
3
CHO and CH
3
COCH
3
D. CH
3
CO
2
H and CH
3
CO
2
CH
3

32. Oxidation of an organic compound, X, produces an organic liquid which has the
following properties.

(i) Gives an orange precipitate with 2,4dinitrophenylhydrazine
(ii) Do not form precipitate with warm Fehlings solution
(iii) Do not form precipitate with warm alkaline iodine aqueous

X compound might be

A. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
OH C. C
6
H
5
CH(OH)CH
3

B. CH
3
CH
2
CH(OH)CH
2
CH
3
D. C
6
H
5
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
OH
CONFIDENTIAL* 9

962/1
33. Consider the following reaction scheme. K is an organic compound whereas L is an
inorganic compound.

K + L M
(aq) HCl
boil
(CH
3
)
2
C(OH)COOH
K and L may be

K L
A. CH
3
CHO HCN
B. CH
3
COCH
3
HCN
C. (CH
3
)
2
CHCHO HCN
D. (CH
3
)
2
CHCHO KMnO
4
/ H
+

34. Chloroethane is converted into a carboxylic acid containing one more carbon atom
through a twostage process. Which of the following compounds could be the
intermediate in the synthesis of the carboxylic acid?

A. CH
3
CH
2
OH C. CH
3
CH
2
COOCH
3

B. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CN D. CH
3
CH
2
CN

35. The reaction scheme for the synthesis of the organic compound, Y, is shown below.
CH
3
CH
2
OH
+

H /
4
KMnO
reflux
X
v

h /
2
Cl
boil
Y
The pK
a
values of ethanol, X and Y decrease in the order

A. pK
a
(CH
3
CH
2
OH), pK
a
(X), pK
a
(Y)
B. pK
a
(CH
3
CH
2
OH), pK
a
(Y), pK
a
(X)
C. pK
a
(X), pK
a
(CH
3
CH
2
OH), pK
a
(Y)
D. pK
a
(X), pK
a
(Y), pK
a
(CH
3
CH
2
OH)

36. Cold water is added to the following compound.

CH
2
Cl

Cl CH
2
COCl

Which of the following compounds is the product obtained?

A.
CH
2
OH

Cl CH
2
COCl

C.
CH
2
Cl

Cl CH
2
COOH

B.
CH
2
OH

HO CH
2
COOH

D.
CH
2
OH

HO CH
2
COCl

CONFIDENTIAL* 10

962/1
37. X and Y compounds are produced by the following route.

CN

H
2
, Pt

X
COCl
Y

What is Y compound?

A.

CCH
2
N

O

H

C.

CNCH
2

O H

B.

CH
2
N

H

CCl

O

D.

CH
2
NCH
2

H

38. Which of the following reagents does not react with phenylamine?

A. Hydrogen bromide C. Ethanoyl chloride
B. Bromine water D. Concentrated ammonia solution

39. When 1 mole of compound X is heated with a concentrated solution of potassium
manganate (VII), 2 moles of compound Y with the molecular formula C
2
H
4
O
2
is
produced. Compound X undergoes polymerisation in the presence of Al(CH
3
)
3
and
TiCl
4
to form compound Z. The structure of Z could be

A.
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3

CCCCC

H

H H H

H

B.
CH
3
H

CH
3
H CH
3

CCCCC

H

H H

H H

C.

CH
3

H

CH
3
H CH
3

CCCCC

CH
3
H

CH
3
H

CH
3

D.

CH
3
H

CH
3
H

CH
3

CCCCC

H

CH
3

H

H H

CONFIDENTIAL* 11

962/1
40. A ZieglerNatta catalyst is used to produce high density polyethene because the
titanium (IV) ion in the catalyst

A. has empty d orbitals. C. has many valence electrons.
B. has a low activation energy. D. can change its oxidation states.

Section B

For each question in this section, one or more of the three numbered statements 1 to 3 may be
correct. The responses A to D should be selected as follows:

A B C D
1 only
is correct
1 and 2 only
are correct
2 and 3 only
are correct
1, 2 and 3
are correct

41. The ideal gas equation is pV = nRT. It can be concluded that, for an ideal gas

1 the volume of a fixed mass of gas will be doubled when its temperature is
increased from 25 C to 50 C.
2 the density of a gas, at constant pressure, is inversely proportional to the
temperature.
3 one mole of any gas will occupy the same volume under the same conditions.

42. Solid carbon dioxide is used as dry ice especially in the food industry because

1 it is less dense than ice
2 it sublimes at room temperature
3 it does not contaminate

43. Consider the reaction A + B C + D
Two experiments are carried out and the results are shown in the graph below.

pressure of C experiment II

experiment I

time
Which of the following separate changes in the conditions of experiment I would
give the results as shown in experiment II?

1 Increasing the concentration of A and B
2 Adding a suitable catalyst
3 Removing D from the reacting vessel as it is formed

44. Carbonic acid, H
2
CO
3
, and hydrogen carbonate ion, HCO
3
, are the agents of the

buffer system in blood. Which reaction/s occur when the level of acidity in blood
increases?

1 HCO
3
H
+
+ CO
3
2

2 HCO
3
+ H
+
H
2
CO
3

3 H
2
CO
3
CO
2
+ H
2
O
CONFIDENTIAL* 12

962/1
A B C D
1 only
is correct
1 and 2 only
are correct
2 and 3 only
are correct
1, 2 and 3
are correct

45. In general, the first ionisation energy of the Period 3 elements (from sodium to
argon) increases because

1 the nuclear charge increases
2 the screening effect decreases
3 the number of electrons increases

46. Beryllium and aluminium has similar properties in that
1 both their oxides are amphoteric
2 both elements can form complex ions
3 both their chlorides are covalent

47. When excess chlorine gas is passed through 0.1 mole of a warm X compound, all the
hydrogen atoms of 2.24 dm
3
of X are substituted by chlorine gas and 13.44 dm
3
of
hydrochloric acid are produced. What is the possible structural formula of X?
[Assume that all the compounds are at gas condition at the same temperature and
pressure.]

1 CH
4
2 CH
3
CH
3
3 CH
3
COCH
3

48. Which of the following substances does not react with chlorobenzene under suitable
conditions?

1 ammonia 2 sodium hydroxide 3 sodium metal

49. Which of the following give benzoic acid on boiling with dilute sulphuric acid ?

1

CN

2

COCl

3

OOC

50. Which of the following compounds dissolves in acidic aqueous sodium nitrite at
70 C to release nitrogen gas?

1

NH
2

2

NO
2

H
2
N

3

N
2
+
Cl

CONFIDENTIAL* 13

962/1
Answers for Paper 1 Chemistry STPM
Program Gerak Gempur PPD Kinta Utara 2012

1 C 26 B
2 C 27 B
3 C 28 C
4 D 29 D
5 B 30 C
6 C 31 B
7 B 32 B
8 C 33 B
9 D 34 D
10 B 35 A
11 C 36 D
12 D 37 C
13 C 38 D
14 B 39 A
15 B 40 A
16 D 41 C
17 A 42 C
18 C 43 A
19 A 44 C
20 C 45 A
21 D 46 D
22 D 47 C
23 D 48 A
24 C 49 D
25 A 50 D


Instructions to candidates :

This paper consists of 10 printed pages

Section A[ 40 marks ]

Answer all the questions in this section.

This question paper consists of 8 printed pages.

For Examiners Use
Section A
1

2

3

4

Section B

Total

GERAKGEMPURCHEMISTRY2 GERAKGEMPURCHEMISTRY2 GERAKGEMPURCHEMISTRY2GER

962 / 2
Chemistry
Gerak Gempur ( 2012 )

Chemistry Paper 2
( Structure & Essay )

Two and a half hours

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE
TOLD TO DO SO.

Answer all the questions in Section A. Write your answers in
the spaces provided.

Answer any four questions from Section B. Write your
answers on papers provided. Begin each answer on a fresh
sheet of paper, and arrange your answers in numerical order.
Tie your answer sheets to this booklet.

All working must be shown. Numerical answers should be
given to an appropriate number of significant figures ; units
should be quoted wherever they are appropriate.

A Data Booklet is provided.

STPM

Name: ______________________________

Class: ______________________________
Section A [ 40 marks ]

Answer ALL questions in this section.

1. Biodiesel makes use of plants ability to fix atmospheric carbon by photosynthesis. Many companies and
individuals are now using biodiesel as a fuel in order to reduce their carbon footprint. Biodiesel can be
synthesized from vegetable oil according to the following reaction.

(a) Identify the organic functional group present in both vegetable oil and biodiesel.

[1]

(b) For part of her extended essay investigation into the efficiency of the process, a student reacted a pure
sample of a vegetable oil (where R = C
17
H
33
) with methanol.
The raw data recorded for the reaction is below.

The relative molecular mass of the oil used by the student is 885.6. Calculate the amount (in moles) of
the oil and the methanol used, and hence the amount (in moles) of excess methanol.

[2]

(c) The reversible arrows in the equation indicate that the production of biodiesel is an equilibrium process.

(i) State what is meant by the term dynamic equilibrium. [1]

..

..

(ii) Using the abbreviations [vegetable oil], [methanol], [glycerol] and [biodiesel], deduce the equilibrium
constant expression (K
c
) for this reaction. [1]

- 2 -
Mass of oil = 1013.0 g
Mass of methanol = 200.0 g
Mass of sodium hydroxide = 3.500 g
Mass of biodiesel produced = 811.0 g

(iii) Suggest a reason why excess methanol is used in this process. [1]

......

(iv) State and explain the effect that the addition of the sodium hydroxide catalyst will have on the position
of equilibrium. [2]

..

..

(d) Calculate the percentage yield of biodiesel obtained in this process. [2]

2 (a) State the meaning of the term first ionisation energy of an atom. [1]

.

(b) Explain the trend in variation of the first ionisation energies of the Period 3 elements Na to Ar. [2]

.....

.

(c) Compare the first ionisation of phosphorus and sulphur . Explain your answer. [3]

(d) (i) Draw the shape of a BF
3
molecule and the shape of a H
2
S molecule. In each case show any lone pairs
of electrons. [2]

BF
3

H
2
S

(ii) Hydrogen sulphide, H
2
S, reacts with boron trifluoride, BF
3
, to form compound A.
Explain the formation of compound A with the help of its Lewis structure to indicate the type of
bonding involved . [2]

- 3 -
3. Nitrogen(II) oxide reacts with hydrogen as shown by the following equation.

2NO(g) + 2H
2
(g) N
2
(g) + 2H
2
O(g)

The table below shows how the rate of reaction varies as the reactant concentrations vary.

(a) Determine the order of reaction with respect to (i) NO (ii) H
2
[2]

(b) Write the rate law for the above reaction. [1]

......

(c) Calculate the value for the rate constant, including its units. [2]

(d) A suggested mechanism for this reaction is as follows.

H
2
+ NO X fast
X + NO Y + H
2
O slow
Y + H
2
N
2
+ H
2
O fast

State and explain whether this mechanism agrees with the experimental rate expression in (b). [3]

e) Deduce the initial rate of formation of H
2
O(g) as compared to that of N
2
(g) for experiment 1. Explain
your answer. [2]

- 4 -
4. (a) 2 butene is a straight-chain alkene with formula C
4
H
8
. The molecule contains both and bonds.

H H H H

H C C = C C H

H H

(i) Name the type of hybridisation shown by the C
2
carbon atom . [1]

.

(ii) Explain the formation of the bond in terms of overlapping of orbitals. [1]

..

(b) 2 butene shows structural isomerism and also stereoisomerism.

(i) Draw and name one other structural isomer of 2 butene . [1]

(ii) Draw and name 2 stereoisomers of 2 butene . [2]

(c) Identify the structural formula of an isomer of 2 butene which does not decolourise bromine water.
[1]

(d) The polymerisation of alkenes is one of the most significant reactions of the twentieth century.

(i) Give two reasons why the polymers of alkenes are of economic importance. [2]

..

..

(ii) Deduce the structure of the polymer for 2 butene showing 3 repeating units . [1]

(iii) Explain why monomers are often gases or volatile liquids but polymers are solids. [1]

..
- 5 -
Section B [ 60 marks ]

Answer any FOUR questions in this section.

5. (a) X, Y and Z represent elements of proton number 9 , 19 and 34 .
Predict the type of bonding and draw dot cross diagrams for the compounds formed
( showing only the electrons in the outermost shell for each atom ) between

(i) X and Y (ii) X and Z [6]

(b) Predict, giving reasons, the relative (i) volatility (ii) electrical conductivity
of the compound formed between X and Y compared with that formed between X and Z.
[4]
(c) (i) Define the term activation energy .

(ii) The endothermic reaction between substances P and Q can be represented by the following
equation.
P(g) + Q(g) R(g) + S(g)

Draw the energy profile for this reaction.
Indicate and label clearly the activation energy and the enthalpy change for the reaction.

(iii) Explain how a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. [5]

6. The table shows the variation of pV against p for 65.0 g of a gas M at 298 K.

p ( x 10
3
) kPa 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00
pV kPa m
3
6.82 6.81 6.80 6.79 6.78

(a) (i) Plot a graph of pV against p.

(ii) Add to your graph the line expected if gas M is an ideal gas.

(iii) Comment on the shape of your graph.

(iv) Use the data in the graph to calculate the relative molecular mass of M . [8]

(b) Sketch the phase diagram of carbon dioxide.
Label the areas and explain why solid carbon dioxide can sublime under room conditions. [4]

(c) (i) Write an expression for K
w
, the ionic product of water.

(ii) Use the expression above, to determine the pH value for 0.200 moldm
3
NaOH (aq ) . [3]

7. (a) Describe the reactions, if any , that will occur when separate samples of sodium and phosphorus are

(i) added to water
(ii) burned in excess oxygen and then water is added to the resulting oxide.

Write equations wherever appropriate and suggest pH of any aqueous solution formed. [8]

- 6 -
(b) (i) Aluminium is extracted by the electrolysis of its mineral bauxite.
Identify some important aspects of this process, including equations for the reactions at the
electrodes.

(ii) When heated both aluminium fluoride and aluminium chloride sublime at 1270
o
C and
178
o
C respectively . Explain differences in these values based on the bonding in both compounds.
[7]

8. Hydrogen cyanide, HCN, is a highly toxic substance. 50.0 mg of it will cause death in a few seconds.

(a) Calculate the lethal dose (50.0 mg) of hydrogen cyanide in moles. [2]

(b) Hydrogen cyanide is manufactured by passing a mixture of ammonia and methane over a platinum
catalyst. The reaction is endothermic.

NH
3
(g) + CH
4
(g) HCN(g) + 3H
2
(g)

(i) Suggest why the reaction is carried out at 1000 C.

(ii) Explain if a high pressure should be used in the manufacture of hydrogen cyanide. [4]

(c) If ammonia (0.200 mol) and methane (0.200 mol) are placed in a 1.00 dm
3
container and heated
to 500C, it is found that 0.100 mol of hydrogen cyanide and 0.300 mol of hydrogen are produced at
1.00 atmosphere pressure. Calculate the equilibrium constant, K
c
for the reaction under these
conditions and state its units. [3]

(d) Hydrogen cyanide dissolves in water to form a weakly acidic solution. It has a dissociation constant of
4.90 10
10
at 25 C. Alkalis react with hydrogen cyanide to form salts known as cyanides.

(i) Explain why an aqueous solution of sodium cyanide is alkaline.
(ii) Using equations, explain how a mixture of sodium cyanide and hydrogen cyanide is able to act as a
buffer.
(iii) Calculate the pH of the buffer solution formed when 200 cm
3
of a 0.500 mol dm
3
solution of
hydrogen cyanide is added to 200 cm
3
of a 1.00 mol dm
3
solution of sodium cyanide. [6]

9. Carefully study the steps involved in the conversion of the starting reagent to the final product.

(a) With the help of equations, describe the mechanism for step 1. [4]

(b) (i) Suggest why SnCl
2
is used as the reducing agent for step 3 instead of lithium
tetrahydridoaluminate(III), LiAlH
4
.

- 7 -

CH
3
CH
3
COOH COOH COOCH
2
CH
3

conc. HNO
3
KMnO
4
/ H
+
SnCl
2

conc. H
2
SO
4

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4
NO
2

NO
2

NH
2
NH
2

(ii) SnCl
2
is formed by the following reaction.

100
o
C
SnCl
4
SnCl
2
+ Cl
2

Show the oxidation state of each element in the equation and name the type of reaction that
has taken place in the above reaction.

(iii) Despite the metallic nature of tin, SnCl
4
has a molecular structure.
Draw the molecular structure of SnCl
4
.
What will be observed when a little water is added to SnCl
4
? Give reasons for your answer. [6]

(c) Describe a chemical test to confirm that step 3 has produced the amino group. [3]

(d) (i) Give the reagents and conditions for step 4.
(ii) Write a balanced equation for step 4 . [2]

10. (a) Draw all structural formulae for all the monobrominated product formed when 2 methylpropane is
treated with bromine gas in the presence of sunlight.
Predict the major product. [3]

(b) Compound X, C
7
H
14
is optically active. On catalytic reduction of X over nickel, 1 mole of hydrogen
gas is absorbed giving 1 mole of compound Y, C
7
H
16
. Reaction of X with hot acidified potassium
manganate(VII) produces ethanoic acid and compound Z , C
5
H
10
O
2
which is a carboxylic acid and is
also optically active.

(i) Draw the structures of X, Y and Z . Explain your answers.

(ii) Identify a chemical test to distinguish X from Y . [9]

(c) Give structures of the organic products, A, B and C formed in the following reaction scheme.

Compound Z

LiAlH
4
, dry ether
H
3
O
+
SOCl
2
Mg

A B C [3]

***********************************

- 8 -
Marking Scheme - GERAK GEMPUR CHEMISTRY 2 ( 2012 )
SECTION A ( STRUCTURE ) SCORE REMARKS
1 a ester 1 mk
b No. of moles of oil = mass of oil = 1013.0 = 1.144
formula mass 885.6

No. of moles of CH
3
OH = 200.0 = 6.25
32.0

From equation, 1 mole oil 3 moles CH
3
OH
1.144 moles oil 3(1.144) = 3.432 moles CH
3
OH

Excess CH
3
OH = 6.25 3.432 = 2.818 = 2.82 moles ( 3 sf )

1 mk

1 mk

c (i) Dynamic equilibrium a condition in a reversible reaction
when the rate of forward reaction = rate of reverse
reaction

1 mk
(ii) K
c
= [glycerol] [biodiesel]
3

[vegetable oil] [methanol]
3

1 mk
(iii) -so that equilibrium shifts to the right according to
Le Chateliers Principle OR
-to increase the yield of biodiesel

1 mk either answer
(iv) - Catalyst NaOH has no effect on the position of
equilibrium i.e. it has no effect on the yield of biodiesel
- as a catalyst increase the rate of both the forward and
reverse reactions to the same extent

1 mk

1 mk

d 3.432 moles CH
3
OH 3.432 moles biodiesel
= 3.432 x formula mass
= 3.432 x 296.0 = 1015.9 g ( theory)

% yield of biodiesel = 811.0 g x 100 = 79.83 % ( 4sf )
1015.9 g

1 mk

1 mk

Total = 10 mk
2 a Minimum energy required to remove 1 mole electron from
1 mole atom of the element in gaseous state

1 mk
b - IE
1
increases across Period 3 from Na to Ar
- Effective nuclear charge increases due to increase in no.
of protons but screening effect is constant

1 mk
1 mk

c - P : 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
3
S : 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
4

P has extra stability due to half-filled p orbitals
- Repulsion between e- pair in 3p of S enables the first mole
of e- to be easily removed
- Hence IE
1
of P > IE
1
of S

1 mk
1 mk

1 mk

-1-
d (i) F

B 120
o
S
H
F F 105
o
H
trigonal planar V-shaped / bent

1 mk

1 mk

(ii) xx
xx F xx
xx xo
xx F xo B S x H
xx xo x
xx F xx H
xx

- B atom is e- deficient, having an empty orbital
while S has an e- pair to donate
A coordinate / dative bond forms between BF
3
and H
2
S

1 mk

1 mk

Total = 10 mk
3 a Rate2 = 5.05 x 10
6
= ( 0.200 )
n

Rate1 2.53 x 10
6
( 0.100 )
n

2 = 2
n
, n=1 first order w.r.t. H
2

Rate3 = 10.10 x 10
6
= ( 0.200 )
n

Rate1 2.53 x 10
6
( 0.100 )
n

3.99 4 = 2
2
= 2
n
, n=2 second order w.r.t. NO

1 mk

1 mk

1 mk

1 mk

Max 3 mk
b Rate = k[NO]
2
[H
2
]

1 mk
c Using expt 1 : k = Rate1 = 2.53 x 10
6
mol dm
3
s
-1

[NO]
2
[H
2
] (0.100)
2
(0.100)( mol dm
3
)
3

= 2.53 x 10
3
mol
2
dm
6
s
1
( 3 sf )

1 mk

1 mk

d - At equilibrium for step 1 K = [X]___
[NO][H
2
]
- For step 2, slow or rate determining step ,
- Rate = k [X][NO] = kK[NO] [H
2
] [NO] = kK[NO]
2
[H
2
]
- Mechanism agrees with experimental rate expression.

1 mk

1 mk
1 mk
1 mk

Max 3 mk
e Rate of formation of H
2
O(g) = 2 x rate of formation of N
2
(g)
= 2 (2.53 x 10
6
) mol dm
3
s
-1

= 5.06 x 10
6
mol dm
3
s
-1
(3sf)

1 mk

1 mk

4 a (i)

(ii)
sp
2
hybridisation

Side-by-side / sideways overlapping of 2 unhybridised 2p
orbitals

1 mk

1 mk

-2-
4 b(i) Any one

H
2
C=CHCH
2
CH
3
1 butene

H
2
C=C(CH
3
)
2
methylpropene

cyclobutane

methylcyclopropane
CH
3

1 mk
(ii) CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
H
C = C C = C
H H H CH
3

cis 2 butene trans 2 butene

2 mk

c
or ( both are saturated hydrocarbons )
CH
3

1 mk

d (i) - plastics have a wide range and versatile uses
- cheap
- chemically inert products

1 mk
1 mk
Any 2
(ii) CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3

C C C C C C

H H H H H H

1 mk

(iii) - Monomers are small monomers with with weak
intermolecular forces of attraction e.g. VDW or H-bonds
1 mk

- 3 -
SECTION B ( ESSAY ) SCORE REMARKS
5 a(i)

(ii)
-
9
X : 1s
2
2s
2
2p
5
Group 17, non-metal , electronegative,
accepts electron
-
19
Y : [Ar] 4s
1
Group 1, metal, electropositive , donates
electron

- Y + X [ Y ]
+
[ X ]

- Involves transfer of electron from metal to non-metal.
YX is an ionic compound.
-
34
Z : [Ar] 3d
10
4s
2
4p
4
Group 16, non-metal ,
electronegative
- Both X and Z combine through sharing of electron pairs .
X
2
Z covalent compound.

- X Z X

1 mk

1 mk

1 mk

1 mk

1 mk

1 mk

1 mk

Any 6

Max 6 mk
b(i)

(ii)
- Strong electrostatic forces of attraction exist between
oppositely-charged ions, Y
+
and X
, difficult for solid YX to

vapourise, making YX non volatile.
- X
2
Z exists as simple covalent molecules. with weak VDW
forces between them.
- Thus X
2
Z have lower b.p. than YX , making it more volatile
than YX.

- In molten state or in aqueous solution, the ions in YX are
mobile, making it an electrical conductor.
- X
2
Z being neutral molecules, are unable to conduct
electricity.

2 mk

1 mk

1 mk
Any 2
c(i) - Activation energy - minimum energy that must be
overcome by the reactant particles before a reaction can
occur, forming products

1 mk
(ii) Energy E
a
= activation energy
H = enthalpy of reaction
E
a

R(g)+S(g)
H = positive
P(g)+Q(g)

Reaction
2 mk

(iii)

- Catalyst increases the rate of a reaction by providing an
alternative pathway, with a lower activation energy, E
a

- More reactant particles have energy equal or greater than
the lower activation energy,increasing the no. of effective
collisions.
1 mk

1 mk

- 4 -
6 a(i)

3 mk axes + correct
units
1 mk

correct plot
- 1 mk

balanced graph
- 1 mk
(ii) - straight line parallel to x-axis ( as shown )

1 mk
(iii) - Gas M is a non-ideal gas, it does not obey Boyles law as
pV is not constant for all pressures of p.

1 mk
(iv) - Non-ideal gas shows ideal behaviour under low pressure.

At p = 0 kPa, pV = 6.83 x 10
3
kPa m
3

- Assuming gas M is ideal, pV = mRT
M
r

M
r
= mRT = ( 65.0 g ) ( 8.31 J K
1
mol
1
) ( 298 K )
pV 6.83 x 10
3
N m
2
m
3

M
r
= 23.6 ( 3sf )

1 mk

1 mk

1 mk

Total 8 mk
b Pressure ( atm )

solid liquid gas

5.1 atm triplepoint

1 atm
Temp.(
o
C )

3 mk

correct axes
- 1 mk

correct curves
- 1 mk

correct areas
- 1 mk

a(ii)
- 5 - http://edu.joshuatly.com/
- Triple point for solid CO
2
has a pressure above 1 atm., so
when temperature of a sample of solid CO
2
increases, it
turns to gas without melting.

1 mk

Total 4 mk
c(i)

(ii)
- H
2
O H
+
+ OH

K
w
= [H
+
][OH

]

- At 25
o
C, K
w
= 10
14
mol
2
dm
6

0.200 mol dm
3
NaOH [OH
] = 0.200 mol dm
3

[H
+
] = 10
14
= 10
14
= 5.00 x 10
14
mol dm
3

[OH
] 0.200

- pH = - log
10
[H
+
] = 13.3 ( 3 sf )
1 mk

1 mk

1 mk

Total 3 mk
7 a(i)

(ii)
- 2 Na + 2 H
2
O 2 NaOH + H
2
(g)
Sodium burns & fizzes on the surface of the water.
- pH of strong alkali NaOH about 13

- Phosphorus has no reaction with water.
- 4 Na + O
2
2 Na
2
O
Sodium burns in air vigorously.
- Na
2
O + H
2
O 2 NaOH

- 4 P + 5 O
2
P
4
O
10
OR 4 P + 3 O
2
P
4
O
6

- P
4
O
10
+ 6 H
2
O 4 H
3
PO
4
OR P
4
O
6
+ 6 H
2
O 4 H
3
PO
3

- pH for a weak acid, H
3
PO
4
or H
3
PO
3
about 3

1 mk

1 mk

1 mk

1 mk
1 mk

1 mk
1 mk
1 mk

Total 8 mk

b(i) - Electrolyte used is molten aluminium oxide.
- Cryolite, Na
3
AlF
6
is added to lower the melting point of
Al
2
O
3
from 2050
o
C to 900
o
C .
- Graphites are used as electrodes.
- At cathode : Al
3+
(l) + 3e Al (s)
- At anode : 2O
2
(l) O
2
(g) + 4e
1 mk
each

Total 5 mk

(ii) - AlF
3
is an ionic compound with covalent character, with
strong electrostatic forces of attraction between its Al
3+

and F
ions
- Cl
ion bigger than F
ion, polarised by Al
3+
ion making
- aluminium chloride exists as simple covalent dimer Al
2
Cl
6

molecules with weak intermolecular Van der Waals forces.

Any 2

Total 2 mk
8 a - 50.0 mg = 50.0 10
3
g = 0.0500 g
1 mole HCN = 1.0 + 12.0 + 14.0 = 27.0 g
- No. of moles HCN = 0.0500/27.0 = 0.00185 ( 3 sf )
1 mk

1 mk

b(i) - Forward reaction is endothermic, according to Le
Chateliers principle
- high temperature will shift equilibrium to the right
increasing the yield of HCN.
1 mk

1 mk

(ii) - Forward reaction involves an increase in volume of gases
- so high pressure will not favour production of HCN as
1 mk
1 mk

- 6 -
equilibrium will shift to the left.

c NH
3
(g) + CH
4
(g) HCN(g) + 3H
2
(g)
Initial/mol 0.200 0.200 0 0
Change/mol__- 0.100 - 0.100 + 0.100__ +3(0.100)
Eqm/mol 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.300

K
c
= [HCN][H
2
]
3
= (0.100)(0.300)
3
= 0.270 mol
2
dm
6
[NH
3
][CH
4
] (0.100)(0.100)

1 mk

2 mk

d (i) - NaCN is salt of weak acid HCN, under hydrolysis in water
CN

+ H
2
O HCN + OH

giving an alkaline solution due to presence of OH
ions

1 mk
(ii) - HCN + H
2
O H
3
O
+
+ CN

HCN undergoes partial dissociation in water.
NaCN Na
+
+ CN
( salt complete dissociates )

- Concentration of HCN and CN
high in mixture.
- Addition of an acid, H
+
+ CN

HCN
Addition of an alkali, OH

+ HCN H
2
O + CN

1 mk

1 mk
1 mk

(iii) - For a buffer, pH = pK
a
+ log
10
[ Salt ]
[ Acid ]

- pH = - log
10
(4.90 10
10
) + log
10
(1.00 x 200 /400)
(0.500 x 200/400)
= 9.61 ( 3 sf )

1 mk

1 mk

9 a - CH
3
CH
3

+ HNO
3
+ H
2
O

NO
2

Mechanism for nitration electrophilic substitution

- Formation of electrophile, nitronium ion
2 H
2
SO
4
+ HNO
3
2 HSO
4

+ NO
2
+
+ H
3
O
+
fast

CH
3
CH
3

- slow
+ NO
2
+
intermediate
arenium / carbonium ion
NO
2

CH
3
CH
3

-
+ HSO
4

+ H
2
SO
4
fast
catalyst regenerated
H NO
2
NO
2

1 mk

1 mk

1 mk

1 mk

+
+
- 7 -
b (i) SnCl
2
is a weak reducing agent, but LiAlH
4
, is a very strong
reducing agent which can reduce - COOH group to CH
2
OH

1 mk
(ii) - SnCl
4
SnCl
2
+ Cl
2

(+4)4(-1) (+2)2(-1) 0

- Sn undergoes reduction, while Cl undergoes oxidation
so reaction is a redox reaction

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1 mk

(iii) - Cl

Sn Cl tetrahedral molecule

Cl Cl

- White fumes and a white solid are observed
- due to hydrolysis reaction.
or SnCl
4
+ 2 H
2
O SnO
2
(s) + 4 HCl (g)

1 mk

1 mk
1 mk

c - Sodium nitrite and dilute HCl are added to mixture.
- Effervescence of a colourless gas observed.

- HOOC C
6
H
4
NH
2
+ O=NOH HOOC C
6
H
4
OH
+ N
2
(g) + H
2
O

OR

- A little aqueous copper(II) sulphate solution is added to
the mixture.
- A dark blue solution is observed.

- 2 H
2
NC
6
H
4
COOH + Cu
2+
H
2
N - OOC

C
6
H
4
Cu
2+
C
6
H
4

COO- NH
2

+ 2 H
+

1 mk
1 mk

1 mk

1 mk

1 mk

1 mk

d (i)

(ii)
- Ethanol, concentrated sulphuric acid , reflux

- COOH + HOCH
2
CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
3

+ H
2
O

NH
2
NH
2
(esterification)

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1 mk

- 8 -

10 a CH
3
CH
3

CH
3
C CH
3
, CH
3
C CH
2
Br

Br H
- 2-bromo-2-methylpropane is major product as its
formation involves stable 3
o
free radical (CH
3
)
3
C

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1 mk

1 mk

b(i)

b(ii)

H H H

X = CH
3
C = C C* CH
2
CH
3

CH
3

H
2
(g)

H H H

Y = CH
3
C C C* CH
2
CH
3

H H CH
3

H H H

X = CH
3
C = C C* CH
2
CH
3

CH
3

Oxidation

H

CH
3
COOH + HOOC C* CH
2
CH
3

CH
3
( Z )

- Both X and Y, each has a chiral C atom bonded to 4
different groups making it optically active.
- X is an alkene with one double bond as only 1 mole of
H
2
can be added.

- X is unsaturated hydrocarbon but Y is saturated

- Bromine water OR acidified potassium manganate(VII)
is added to liquid X and liquid Y in separate test tubes.

- X decolourises reddish-brown bromine water OR
purple colour of acidified KMnO
4
.

1 mk

1 mk

1 mk

1 mk

1 mk

1 mk

1 mk

1 mk

- 9 -

c

- CH
3
CH=CHCH(CH
3
)CH
2
CH
3
+ Br
2

CH
3
CH(Br)CH(Br)CH(CH
3
)CH
2
CH
3

OR
KMnO
4
/H
+

- CH
3
CH=CHCH(CH
3
)CH
2
CH
3

CH
3
CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(CH
3
)CH
2
CH
3

H

A = HOCH
2
C* CH
2
CH
3
( reduction of RCOOH to
1
o
ROH )
CH
3

O H

B = Cl C C* CH
2
CH
3
( - OH Cl )

CH
3

H O

C = CH
3
CH
2
C C O
Mg
2+

CH
3
2

1 mk

1 mk

1 mk

1 mk


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STPM Trial 2012 Chemistry Qa Perak PDF

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SEKOLAH-SEKOLAH MENENGAH KI NTA UTARA, PERAK

GERAK GEMPAR 2012

, are the agents of the

, difficult for solid YX to

ion bigger than F

( salt complete dissociates )

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