584

A merican Antlaropologist

[67, 19651

ing to techniques (i.e., painting, pecking, scraping, incising), but a plausible relationship between style and technique is first established. Joyce Speer should be credited for her outstanding rendering of the petroglyphs. There is a difference between creating for a medium and converting something that already exists from one medium into another. Any existent document can be physically compressed such that it becomes a fraction of the size required for ordinary reading or scanning. But the above works were presumably composed for microcards-they should not be simply converted books in the common sense of that term, Yet, the general approach and format follows that found in traditional books. It seems that a better system for coding and storing archeological data can be developed. Lacking such improvement, the system used should be consistent, and that is not the case here. There is substantial support for the view that microcards, tapes, or other techniques for information handling must be utilized beginning now if we are to survive the growth of information in every field (see, for example, J. G. Kemeny, A Library for 2000 A B . , in Martin Greenberger, editor, Computers and the World of the Future, M.I.T., 1962). This series published by the Society for American Archaeology could serve as an experiment for anthropological publication. To judge from this sample of three titles, more thought needs to be devoted to the use of the newer publication media.

A R Archaeological Survey of the Wabash Valley in Jllinois. HOWARD 1). WINTERS. M. BERRY.(Illinois State Museum Reports of Investigations, Illustrated by FAYE
Number 19.) Springfield: Illinois State Museum Society, 1963. xii, 118 pp., appendixes, bibliography, 23 figures, 7 tables. $1.50.

Reviewed by LEWIS BINFORD,University of Chicago

This report presents in summary form the information recovered from 175 sites along the Illinois side of the Wabash River, from just south of Terre Haute, Indiana, southward to Carmi, Illinois, with particular attention given to Clark, Crawford, and Lawrence Counties. The materials are referable to successive temporal phases within recognizable cultural traditions. The geographical distributions of archeological units and their relation to different environmental zones are emphasized. For the earlier time ranges Mr. Winters notes fluted points that occur along the T-1 terrace of the Wabash on sandy knolls and on ridges above 25 meters but that they are absent from the 7-2 terrace-a provocative obserlration for study of Paleo-Indian distributions and settlement patterns. I n presenting the earlier Archaic remains Mr. Winters employs a terminology for projectile points which is based on his previous surveys of the lower Cache valley and on his re-analysis of the long sequence of occupations a t Modoc Rock Shelter. The terminology and illustrations are a first step toward making available Mr. Winters comprehensive unpublished typology of Midwestern projectile points. The late Archaic Riverton Culture is of particular importance. Here Mr. Winters has been able to amass convincing data on the seasonal cycle of settlement as well as on seasonal activities of the differently constituted social groups. The detailed analysis of the Riverton materials, when it is published, is certain to become a classic in archeological research. I n this report we have some of these findings in summary form. The limited Havana Tradition materials recovered from the Wabash are the most easterly yet known, and almost certainly represent a frontier situation for the period

Book Reviews

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between 300 R.C. and A.D. 200. I n terms of social interaction, it is interesting that the styles of Havana pottery here resemble more those in the central and upper Illinois River valley than they do styles of the much closer central Kaskaskia River. The definition of the LaMotte culture and the recognition of a number of late Woodland phases in the Wabash are steps toward providing a more realistic picture of culture change than current interpretations which view this period as one of devolution and cultural decline from a Middle Woodland climax. The information on Mississippian occupation provides another dimension of understanding against which to view well-known sites such as Angel Mounds, just to the south. Mr. Winters data concern out-of-the-way farming populations and thus provide us with a broader picture of Mississippian adaptations than can be gained from the often discussed large ritual centers. One wishes that Mr. Winters had gone a step further and provided a summary comparative analysis of the archeological record of the region, drawing on his discussions of the various phases and traditions. This report evidences an approach in systematics and theory which when presented in more complete form will mark a giant step forward in Americanists studies.

The Formative Cultures OJ the Carolina Piedmont.JOFFRC LANNING COE. (Transactions

of the American Philosophical Society, New Series-Vol. 54, part 5 . ) Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society, 1964. 130 pp., bibliography, index, I17 figures, 14 tables. $3.50. Reviewed by C. G. HOLLAND, University of Virginia Excavations and materials from the Doerschuk, Hardaway, and Gaston sites are described, which, in toto, form an interrupted temporal sequence from about 7000 B.C. to A.D. 1740. If the various assemblages between these dates are all formative cultures this leaves only the Paleo-Indian period as pre-formative and complete acculturation as Americans for the closing phase. Coe neither defines nor discusses as such the meaning of the key words formative cultures of the title. The strength of the report lies in the effort expended to isolate stratigraphically, whether stone or pottery, separate, distinct occupations a t each site. The names of these, and approximate Before Christ dates in the Archaic are Hardaway (7000) Palmer (6500), Kirk (6000), Stanly (SOOO), Morrow Mountain (4500), Guilford (4000), Halifax (3500), and Savannah River (1500). The ceramic era begins after an unexplained hiatus of 2000 years around A.D. 500 and the sequence on Yadkin River runs Radin, Yadkin, Uwharrie to Carraway (Uwharrie area) ; and on the Roanoke River Vincent, Clements to Gaston (Halifax area). The Archaic sequence, supported by radiocarbon dates, has already exerted its influence on the archeology of the Southeast as manifested by prepublication references. The typologically distinctive complexes were crystallized by manipulating the data. It was necessary to throw out of analysis as much as two-thirds of the data (pp. 34,50) because of soil disturbances from multiple causes and decried excavatory techniques (some areas were dug in six inch levels). The former were called pits or just plain disturbances (pp. 26, 50, 62, 108). Since these played such a prominent part in distinguishing usable from nonusable data, it may be only assumed good judgement was exercised in their choice for no graphic or descriptive account is provided the reader to inspect the evidcnce or himself. This observation is enhanced by contrast. At t h e Gaston site pottery from pits (Fig. 94, p. 100) was used effectively to form a seriated