ACROPOLIS TECHNICAL CAMPUS, INDORE 452020

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Lab Session No. 006 Page No.1/4 Electronic Devices & Circuits CS - 304 Enrolment No. 0875 Batch No.

Performance Evaluation:
Name
Performing on Extra regular First Submission Second Submission

Grade and Remarks by the Tutor 1. Clarity about the objective of the experiment 2. Clarity about the problem statement 3. Submitted the work in desired format 4. Shown capability to solve the problem 5. Contribution to the team work. Others:

Grade

signature

EXPERIMENT NO. 6 FIXED BIAS BJT BIAS METHOD

Title:
STUDY THE FIXED-BIAS CONFIGURATION OF BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR BIAS METHOD. Aim: To understand the need of biasing. To understand the designing and analysis of the circuit. To understand the effect of themal runaway on the circuit.

OBJECTIVE: After completing the experiment, the student should be able: Find out the Q point. To check the stability of the system. Find out the stability factor.

ACROPOLIS TECHNICAL CAMPUS, INDORE 452020

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Lab Session No. 006 Page No.2/4 Electronic Devices & Circuits Cs - 304 Enrolment No. 0875 Batch No.

Problem Statement:
What is transistor biasing. What is its need. Explain the term thermal stability. Explain the term thermal runaway. What is disadvantage of this methode.

EQUIPMENTS: 1. TAT-01 Trainer kit. 2. Power Supply. 3. Patch cords. 4. Multimeter.

THEORY: The term biasing means establishing a fixed level of current and voltage. For transistor amplifiers, the resulting dc current and voltage establish an operating point on the characteristics that define the region thatll be employed for amplification of the applied signal. Since the operating point is a fixed point on the characteristics, its also called the quiescent point (abbreviated as Q-point). The first biasing method called BASE CURRENT BIAS or sometimes FIXED BIAS. As you recall, it consisted basically of a resistor (RB) connected between the collector supply voltage and the base. Unfortunately, this simple arrangement is quite thermally unstable. If the temperature of the transistor rises for any reason (due to a rise in ambient temperature or due to current flow through it), collector current will increase. This increase in current also causes the dc operating point, sometimes called the quiescent or static point, to move away from its desired position (level). This reaction to temperature is undesirable because it affects amplifier gain (the number of times of amplification). Consider the following circuit diagram.If we first consider the base-emitter loop, Kirchhoffs voltage law gives us VCC IB RB VBE = 0 Or, IB = (VCC VBE) / RB (1) Now, IC = IB .(2) Applying Kirchhoffs voltage law in the clockwise direction around the collectoremitter

ACROPOLIS TECHNICAL CAMPUS, INDORE 452020

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Lab Session No. 006 Page No.3/4 Electronic Devices & Circuits Cs - 304 Enrolment No. 0875 Batch No. loop, we get, VCE + IC RC - VCC = 0 Or, VCE = VCC - IC RC (3) Now, VCE = VC - VE ...(4) Where, VCE = Voltage from collector to emitter VC = Voltage from collector to ground and VE = Voltage from emitter to ground But, in this case, VE = 0V So, VCE = VC (5) Again, VBE = VB - VE ..(6) Or, VBE = VB [ as VE = 0V ] ..(7)

Fig: Fixed Bias BJT CALCULATION:Consider 2N2222 parameter:1) = 75 when VCE = 10V and IC=10V 2) VBE = 0.7V VCC IB RB VBE = 0 Or, IB = (VCC VBE) / RB = Now, IC = IB Where = 75 (When Ic = 10mA and VCE = 10V).

ACROPOLIS TECHNICAL CAMPUS, INDORE 452020

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Lab Session No. 006 Page No.4/4 Electronic Devices & Circuits Cs - 304 Enrolment No. 0875 Batch No. So, Ic = Now, VRC = IC X RC = VCE = VCC VRC = VBE = PROCEDURE: 1. Make the connections as shown in the practical circuit diagram on TAT-01 board using patch cord. 2. Switch on the power supply. 3. Set onboard power supply to required VCC using POT and voltmeter. 4. Do the calculation part and fill the observation table. 5. Connect VCC to the practical circuit. 6. Measure VBE, VRC and VCE voltages with respect to transistor. 7. Do the calculation of IB, IC, IE and from the observed reading and fill the observation table. OBSERVATION TABLE:-

Transistor (2N2222) Observed values

VBE = VB

IB

IC

VRC

VCE=VC

CONCLUSION: With the help of bserved and calculative values of fixed bias method we can draw the load line and locate the Q point on it.

Prepared by Nasreen Noorani

Date 25/06/13

Modified on