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Topic 4 DEFLECTION DUE TO BENDING


Text : Section 3-17 , Appendices 1 , 14 , 16

4-1 BEAM DEFLECTIONS


Any member subjected to bending loads is considered to be a beam ; this includes not only structural members, but also machine members such as a rotating shaft, which is typically subjected to a number of bending loads due to belt pulleys, chain sprockets, or gears, that are mounted on the shaft. In addition to withstanding bending stresses under load, a beam usually must not deflect by more than a small specified amount.

4-2 DETERMINATION OF BEAM DEFLECTIONS BY SUPERPOSITION OF LOADS


In applying the principle of superposition ( refer to Section 3-8 ) to determine the deflection of a beam at a specified location, the deflection at that location, caused by each load separately, is determined, then all these deflections are added together algebraically, to give the actual deflection. The deflections, under single loads (and sometimes double loads), can be obtained from tabulated data, which covers all the basics types of beams and loads, including statically indeterminate beams ; the following is a sample, from Text Appendix 14 , for a simply-supported beam, with overhang, subject to a single load P , that is closer to the right end C , than to the left end A . The deflection y is given as a function of location along the beam, with the deflection curve being in two parts, y = f (x) and y = f (v) ; also given are the maximum deflection y max , with its location x1 , the deflection y B at the location of load P , and the deflection y D at the end of the overhang.

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If the load P was closer to the left end than to the right end, then all the information given can still be used, but with a mirror image of the diagram, in which everything horizontal, is reversed ; a is switched with b , and x is switched with v .

MT-335-T4-P3 Deflection decreases with increasing modulus of elasticity E ; values of E are obtained from tabulated data, as described in Topic 2, noting that steels in general, have the same value of E = 207 GPa = 30,000 ksi , but E varies for different cast irons, and for different aluminum alloys. Deflection decreases with increasing moment of inertia I , which can be obtained, for basic geometric sections, from Text Appendix 1 ; values of I , for some standard commercial steel sections, are give in Text Appendix 16, which includes channel sections, wide-flange sections, rectangular structural tubing, and round pipe. Deflection increases with increasing overall length, or span, of the beam. Example A The beam shown is made from 3 2 1/4 rectangular steel structural tubing, placed upright. Determine the deflection at B .

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Example B For the same beam shown in Example A , determine the deflection at C .

MT-335-T4-P5 Example C The beam shown is made from Grade 30 , A48-94a , gray cast iron, and has a rectangular cross-section, with a base of 60 mm , and a height of 200 mm . Determine the deflection at the free end A .

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