5 - NHN BIT CHT V C

1. Nu phng php nhn bit 3 dung dch sau y: Ca(HCO 3)2 , Na2CO3 , (NH4)2CO3 . 2. Bng phng php no c th nhn bit c cc cht rn sau: Na 2CO3 , MgCO3 , BaCO3 . 3. C 4 dung dch khng nhn ng 4 dung dch: MgSO 4 ,CaCl2, Na2CO3 , HNO3. bng phng php no c th nhn bit c 4 dung dch . 4. Bng phng php ho hc hy nhn bit cc bnh kh khng nhn sau: Cl 2 , CO2 , SO2 , H2S , NO2. 5. C th dng phng php no phn bit c cc loi qung St: Hematit v Xiderit. 6. Bng phng php ho hc hy nhn bit cc l khng nhn cha cc dung dch ho cht sau: Al(NO3)3 , Zn(NO3)2 , NaNO3 , Mg(NO3)2 . Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 7. Hn hp A cha cc cht th hi: SO 3 , SO2 , CO2 , CO , H2. Vit phng trnh phn ng nhn bit cc cht trong A. 8. Nu phng php ho hc phn bit 4 loi cht bt trng sau y: AgCl , BaSO 4 , CaCO3 , Na2CO3 . 9. Bng phng php ho hc hy nhn bit cc gi ho cht mt nhn sau: Al, Fe, Al 2O3 , Fe2O3. 10.Hy tm cch phn bit: Dung dch FeSO4 vi dung dch Fe2(SO4)3. Dung dch AlCl3 vi dung dch Al(NO3)3. Dung dch MgCl2 vi dung dch AlCl3. Dung dch NaCl v dung dch BaCl2. Dung dch CaCl2 v dung dch Ba(NO3)2. Na2SO3 v Na2CO3. Nu cc hin tng v vit cc phng trnh phn ng gii thch. 11. C 4 dung dch ng trong 4 cc ring bit mt nhn:K 2CO3 , BaCl2 , H2SO4 , HCl. Trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit tng cht . 12.Bng phng php ho hc hy nhn bit cc dung dch ng trong cc l mt nhn sau: HCl, HNO3 , H3PO4. 13.C 3 cht rn ng trong 3 l ring bit: NaCl, CaCl 2 , MgCl2. Hy trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit mi cht. ( cc dng c v ho cht cn thit coi nh c ) 14.C 4 cc ng ring bit cc cht sau: Nc nguyn cht, Nc cng tm thi, Nc cng vnh cu ( c cha SO 42- ) v nc cng ton phn ( cha c HCO 32- v SO42- ). Hy xc nh loi nc no ng trong mi l bng phng php ho hc. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 15.C 3 kim loi: Na, Ca, Al. Lm th no c th nhn bit c mi kim loi bng phng php ho hc. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng ho hc dng. 16.Hy nhn bit cc l ho cht mt nhn sau y bng phng php ho hc: NaCl, Mg(NO 3)2 , Cu(NO3)2 , Al2(SO4)3 17.C 5 l mt nhn ng 5 ho cht sau y: HCl, HNO 3 , dd Ca(OH)2, dd NaOH, dd NH3 . Lm th no nhn ra cc l ho cht trn bng phng php ho hc. 18.C mt dung dch cha: Na 2SO4 , Na2SO3 , Na2CO3 . Hy trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit tng mui.

19.Lm th no nhn bit tng kh: H 2 , H2S, CO, CO2 trong hn hp ca chng bng phng php ho hc. 20.Trong mt bnh kn cha hn hp kh: CO, CO 2 , SO2 , SO3 , H2. Trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit tng kh trong hn hp. 21.Trong iu kin khng c khng kh, cho Fe chy trong kh Cl 2 c mt cht A v nung hn hp bt ( Fe v S ) c mt hn hp cht B. Bng cc phn ng ho hc, hy nhn bit thnh phn v ho tr ca cc nguyn t trong A v B. 22.Lm th no nhn bit s c mt ng thi ca cc ion sau y trong mt dung dch: Na + , NH4+ , CO32- , HCO3-. 23.Ho tan mt lng Fe3O4 vo dung dch H2SO4 long thu c dung dch A. Trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit s c mt ng thi ca cc ion Fe 3+ , Fe2+ trong dung dch A. 24.Trong mt dung dch c cha ng thi cc ion sau: NH 4+ , SO42-, HCO3-, CO32-.Trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit cc ion . 25.Bng phng php ho hc hy chng t s c mt ng thi ca cc ion sau y trong mt dung dch: NH4+, Fe3+, NO3-. 26.Vit phng trnh ion thu gn ca cc phn ng dng nhn bit cc ion sau y trong mt dung dch: Fe2+, Fe3+, Al3+, AlO2-, Mg2+. 27.Ch dng qu tm, dung dch HCl v dung dch Ba(OH) 2 c th nhn bit c cc ion no sau y trong cng mt dung dch: Na+, NH4+, HCO3-, CO32-, SO4228.Hy tm cch nhn bit cc ion trong dung dch cha AlCl 3 v FeCl3 . Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 29.Hy tm cch nhn bit cc ion ( tr H + v OH- )c mt trong dung dch cha hn hp cc cht sau bng phng php ho hc: AlCl3 , NH4Cl, BaCl2, MgCl2. 30.Dung dch A cha cc ion sau y: Na +, CO32-, SO32-, SO42-. Bng nhng phn ng ho hc no c th nhn bit c cc ion trong dung dch. 31.C mt dung dch cha cc ion sau: Al 3+, NH4+, Ag+, Xn-. Xc nh Xn- dung dch A tn ti. Bng phng php ho hc, chng minh s c mt ca cc cation trong dung dch A. Cng bng phng php ho hc, lm th no tch dung dch A thnh 3 dung dch m mi dung dch ch cha mt cation. 32.Cho cc cht c cng thc sau: KCl, NH 4NO3 , (NH4)2SO4 , Ca(H2PO4)2. Cho bit tn ho hc v c tn th trng dng trong nng nghip ca cc cht . Bng phng php no c th nhn ra cc cht . iu ch cc cht bng nhng axit v baz no? Bng cch no nhn bit cc axit v baz . 33.Cho cc cht sau y: KOH, Al, (NH4)2SO4 , CaCO3 , NH4HSO3 , H2SO4 , NaCl , FeS. T cc cht trn c th iu ch c nhng kh g? Lm th no nhn bit c cc kh . 34.C 5 oxit ring bit: Na 2O, Al2O3 , Fe2O3 , MgO, CuO. Ch dng H 2O v axit HCl, lm th no nhn bit chng. 35.Cho hn hp M gm 5 cht: Fe, Cu, CuO, FeO, Al. Hy trnh by phng php ho hc chng minh s c mt ca tng cht trong hn hp M. 36.Ch c H2O v kh CO2 c th phn bit c 5 cht bt trng sau y khng khi chng c ng trong cc l ring bit mt nhn; Na 2CO3 , NaCl, Na2SO4 , BaCO3 , BaSO4 Nu c hy trnh by cch phn bit v vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 37.C 4 cht rn ng trong 4 l ring bit : Na 2CO3 , CaCO3 , Na2SO4 , CaSO4.2H2O lm th no c th nhn bit c tng cht nu ch dng H 2O v dung dch HCl. 38.Ch dng dung dch HCl v H 2O hy nhn bit cc cht sau y ng ring bit trong cc l mt nhn: Ag2O, BaO, MgO, MnO2 , Al2O3 , FeO, Fe2O3 , CaCO3 . Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.

39.C cc l ho cht mt nhn, mi l ng mt trong cc cht rn sau y: BaSO 4 , BaCO3 , KCl, Na2CO3 , MgCO3. Trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit tng cht, vi iu kin ch c dng thm Nc ct v thm mt thuc th khc. 40.Cho 3 bnh dung dch mt nhn l: A gm KHCO 3 & K2CO3 ; B gm KHCO3 & K2SO4 ; D gm K2CO3 & K2SO4. Ch dng dung dch BaCl2 v dung dch HCl, nu cch nhn bit mi bnh dung dch mt nhn trn. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 41.C 3 l dung dch mt nhn, mi l cha hn hp 2 mui tan sau y: NaHCO 3 & Na2CO3 ; NaHCO3 & Na2SO4 ; Na2CO3 & Na2SO4. Ch dng 2 dung dch HNO 3 v Ba(NO3)2 , hy nhn bit 3 l trn. vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v gii thch. 42.Ch dng mt axit thng dng v mt baz thng dng, hy phn bit 3 hp kim sau y: CuAg, Cu-Al, Cu-Zn. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 43.Ch dng mt thuc th hy nhn bit 3 cht sau y ng trong 3 l mt nhn: Al, Al 2O3 , Mg. 44.Ch c dng kim loi hy nhn bit cc dung dch sau y: HCl, HNO 3c , AgNO3 , KCl, KOH 45.C 6 l ho cht mt nhn sau: Na 2CO3 , NH4Cl, MgCl2 , AlCl3 , FeSO4 , Fe2(SO4)3. Ch c dng dung dch NaOH, lm th no nhn bit c l no ng dung dch g? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. 46.Trnh by phng php v nguyn tc tin hnh phn bit 4 cht: NaCl, BaCO 3 , Na2CO3 , BaSO4 vi iu kin ch dng thm dung dch HCl long. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 47.Ngi ta cho 2 cc ng dung dch ZnSO 4 v AlCl3 . C 2 dung dch u khng mu, lm th no nhn ra mi dung dch nu ch dng mt trong 3 ho cht sau: dd HNO 3 , dd NaOH, dd NH3. 48.C 6 gi bt mu tng t nhau: CuO, FeO, Fe 3O4 , MnO2 , Ag2O, hh(Fe & FeO). Ch dng thm dung dch HCl, c th phn bit c 6 gi bt mu khng? Nu c hy trnh by cch phn bit. 49.C 5 mu kim loi tng t nhau: Ba, Mg, Fe, Ag, Al. Nu ch c dung dch H 2SO4 long ( khng c dng thm bt c cht no khc k c qu tm v nc nguyn cht ) c th nhn bit c nhng kim loi no? 50.C 5 l mt nhn, mi l ng mt trong cc dung dch ho cht sau: NaHSO 4 , KHCO3 , Mg(HCO3)2 , Na2SO3 , Ba(HCO3)2. Trnh by cch nhn bit tng dung dch m ch c dng cch un nng. 51.C 5 dung dch cc cht sau: H 2SO4 , HCl , NaOH, KCl, BaCl2. Trnh by phng php phn bit cc dung dch ny m ch c dng qu tm lm thuc th. 52.Nhn bit 4 dung dch mt nhn sau : K 2CO3 , NaCl, KOH, HNO3. Ch c dng mt loi thuc th. 53.Ch c mt ho cht, hy cho bit cch phn bit Fe 2O3 v Fe3O4. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 54.C 3 l ng 3 hn hp bt: FeO + Fe 2O3 ; Fe + FeO ; Fe + Fe 2O3 . Hy nhn bit hn hp cc cht trong mi l trn m ch c php s dng mt ho cht. 55.Hy t chn mt ho cht thch hp phn bit cc mui: NH 4Cl, (NH4)2SO4 , NaNO3 , MgCl2 , FeCl2 , FeCl3 , Al(NO3)3 . Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 56.Hy nu phng php nhn bit cc dung dch b mt nhn sau: AlCl 3 , MgCl2 , NaCl , H2SO4 m ch c php s dng mt thuc th. 57.C cc ng nghim khng nhn cha dung dch ca mt trong cc ho cht sau: HCl, Na 2SO4 , NaOH, NaCl, BaCl2 , AgNO3 . Hy nhn bit dung dch trong cc ng nghim bng cch dng thm qu tm. 58.C 4 cht bt mu trng tng t nhau l: NaCl, AlCl 3 , MgCO3 , BaCO3. Ch c dng H2O v cc thit b cn thit, hy nhn bit tng cht trn.

59.Ch dng dung dch Mui n c th phn bit c cc loi hp kim sau y khng? Hy nu cch tin hnh v hin tng ho hc km theo ( nu c ). Ag-Cu, Fe-C, Au-Ag, Cu-Al 60.C 5 l mt nhn ng 5 dung dch : NaOH, KCl, MgCl 2 , CuCl2, AlCl3. Hy nhn bit cc dung dch trn m khng cn dng thm ho cht khc. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 61.C 6 l mt nhn ng cc dung dch khng mu l: Na 2SO4 , Na2CO3 , BaCl2 , Ba(NO3)2 , AgNO3 , MgCl2. Bng phng php ho hc v khng dng thm cc cht khc, hy trnh by cch nhn bit cc dung dch trn, bit rng chng c nng ln cc kt ta t tan c th c to thnh trong dung dch. 62.C 4 ng nghim nh s 1, 2, 3, 4, mi ng ng mt trong cc dung dch sau: Na 2CO3 , HCl, FeCl2 , NH4HCO3. Ly ng 1 vo ng 3 thy c kt ta. Ly ng 3 vo ng 4 thy c kh bay ra. Hi ng no ng dung dch g? 63.C 5 l c nh s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, mi l cha mt trong cc dung dch: Ba(NO 3)2 , Na2CO3 , MgCl2 , K2SO4 , Na3PO4 . Xc nh l no cha dung dch g, bit rng: L 1 to kt ta trng vi cc l 3 v 4. L 2 to kt ta trng vi l 4. L 3 to tk trng vi cc l 1 v 5. L 4 to kt ta trng vi cc l 1, 2 v 5. Kt ta sinh ra do l 1 tc dng vi l 3 phn hu nhit cao to ra oxit kim loi. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng minh ho. 64.Cho A, B, C l hp cht ca cng mt kim loi. A tc dng vi B cho ta C. Khi cho C phn ng vi mt t HCl th cho ta B v khi phn ng vi lng d axit th cho ta cht D l kh khng mu, khng mi. D phn ng vi A, tu iu kin s cho ta B hoc C. Khi in phn nng chy A thu c Catot kim loi c s th t trong bng HTTH l 19. Cho bit A, B, C l nhng cht g? 65.Cho 4 kim loi A, B, C, D c mu gn ging nhau ln lt tc dng vi HNO 3 c, dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOH th thu c kt qu nh sau: A HNO3 HCl NaOH + + B + C + D + -

Vi k hiu du ( + ) l c phn ng, du ( - ) l khng phn ng. Hi chng l cc kim loi g trong s cc kim loi sau: Ag, Cu, Mg, Al, Fe. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng bit rng khi kim loi tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c kh mu nu duy nht thot ra.