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HONG TH HU AN
B mn Ha - i hc Nha Trang

Cu hi v Bi tp
HA PHN TCH

NHA TRANG - 2011

Chng I.

I CNG V HO HC PHN TCH


L thuyt
1. Phn loi cc phng php phn tch nh lng.
2. So snh u, nhc im v phm vi ng dng ca phng php phn tch c in v
phng php phn tch hin i.
3. Nu cc giai on c bn ca mt quy trnh phn tch. Mc ch, ngha ca tng
giai on i vi qu trnh phn tch?
4. Phn bit cc loi nng mol v nng ng lng.
5. Pht biu ni dung ca nh lut ng lng. Ti sao trong phn tch th tch ngi
ta thng s dng nng ng lng tnh kt qu thay v dng nng mol?
6. Phn bit cc loi nng : P%(w/w), P% (w/v) v P% (v/v). Trong cc loi nng
trn, loi no khng b thay i theo nhit ? (Gi thit khng c s bay hi ca
dung mi)
7. Cht gc l g? Cc yu cu i vi cht gc?
8. Cc cht no sau y khng phi cht gc?
NaOH; Na2CO3.10H2O; H2C2O4.2H2O; KMnO4; AgNO3; K2Cr2O7; I2;
Fe(NH4)2SO4.6H2O; Na2S2O3.5H2O; Na2B4O7.10H2O; NH4OH c; HCl c
Gii thch.
9. nh ngha v acid v baz theo quan im ca Brnstedt.
10. nh ngha dung dch m (theo Brnstedt). Tnh cht quan trng v ng dng ca
dung dch m.
I.

Bi tp
Nng dung dch - Pha ch dung dch
1. Tnh ng lng ca cc cht tham gia cc phn ng sau:
a) H3PO4 + 2 KOH = K2HPO4 + 2 H2O
b) B4O72- + 2 H+ + 5 H2O = 4 H3BO3
c) CaCl2 + Na2HPO4 = CaHPO4 + 2 NaCl
d) 3 Ca(NO3)2 + 2 Na3PO4 = Ca3(PO4)2 + 6 NaNO3
e) 2 MnO4- + 5 Sn2+ + 16 H+ = 2 Mn2+ + 5 Sn4+ + 8 H2O
2. Cho cc php phn tch Ca2+ v Pb2+ da trn c s cc phn ng sau:
a) Ca2+ + C2O4 2- = CaC2O4
CaC2O4(s) + 2 H+ = H2C2O4 + Ca2+
5 H2C2O4 + 2 MnO4- + 6 H+ = 10 CO2 + 2 Mn2+ + 8 H2O
Tnh ng lng ca CaCl2 v Ca3Al2O6
II.

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b) Pb2+ + CrO42 = PbCrO4


2 PbCrO4 + 2 H+ = 2 Pb2+ + Cr2O7 2 + H2O
Cr2O72 + 6 Fe2+ + 14H+ = 2 Cr3+ + 6 Fe3+ + 7 H2O
Tnh ng lng ca Pb v Pb(NO3)2.
Ha tan 0,9640 g KCl.MgCl2.6H2O (M = 278) vo 2 lt nc ct. Hy tnh:
a) nng mol ca cc ion K+, Mg2+ v Cl
b) % (w/v) ca KCl.MgCl2.6H2O
c) s mmol Cl - trong 25,0 ml dung dch
d) ppm K+, ppm Mg2+, ppm Cl
e) pK, pMg, pCl
Khi lng ring ca dung dch Fe(NO3)3 8% (w/w) l 1,062 g/ml. Hy tnh:
a) Nng mol ca Fe(NO3)3, ca Fe3+ v NO3- trong dung dch
b) S gam Fe(NO3)3 c trong 1 lt dung dch.
Cho phn
ng chun sau: MnO4- + 5 Fe2+ + 8 H+ = Mn2+ + 5 Fe3+ + 8 H2O
Hy tnh:
a) Nng ng lng v chun TKMnO4/Fe ca dung dch KMnO4 0,01 M
b) Hm lng Fe2+ (tnh theo n v g/l) c trong mt dung dch phn tch bit
rng 27,44 ml dung dch ny phn ng va vi 16,84 ml KMnO4 0,01 M
Nc bin cha trung bnh 1,08.103 ppm Na+ v 270 ppm SO42-. Biu din hm lng
Na+ v SO42- trong nc bin theo:
a) Nng mol
b) pNa v pSO4

8.
a) T KNO3 tinh th, hy pha ch 200 ml dung dch KNO3 c nng 15% (w/w)
v 15% (w/v).
b) c tnh khi lng ring ca cc dung dch trn.
9. a) Tnh nng mol ca dung dch HCl 37,27% (w/w) (d =1,185 g/ml; M =36,461).
b) T dung dch HCl c ni trn, hy pha ch 250 ml cc dung dch sau:
HCl 4 N; HCl 10% (w/w); HCl 10% (w/v); HCl 1:4 (v/v)
10. Hy pha ch:
a) 250 ml dung dch H3PO4 6 M t dung dch acid phosphoric c H3PO4 85% (w/w)
c khi lng ring 1,85 g/ml
b) 500 ml AgNO3 0,01 M t AgNO3 tinh th
c) 250 ml Pb(NO3)2 20% (w/w) t Pb(NO3)2 tinh th
d) 750 ml HCl 2 M t dung dch HCl 6 M

e) 5,00 lt dung dch cha 60,0 ppm Na+ t Na2SO4 tinh th (M = 142).
11. Hy pha ch:
a) 500 ml dung dch nc cha 12,0% (w/v) etanol
b) 500 g dung dch nc cha 12,0% (w/w) etanol
c) 500 ml dung dch nc cha 12,0% (v/v) etanol
Cho bit khi lng ring ca etanol nguyn cht l 0,791 g/ml
12. Tnh nng dung dch HNO3 thu c khi trn:
a) 200 g HNO3 20 % (w/w) vi 300 g HNO3 40% (w/w)
b) 200 ml HNO3 2 N vi 300 ml HNO3 4 N
13. Hy pha ch:
a) 250 ml dung dch Na2CO3 0,1 N t cht gc Na2CO3.10H2O (M = 286,141) bit
rng dung dch ny dng chun dung dch HCl theo phn ng sau:
CO3 2 + 2 H+ = CO2 + H2O
b) 500 ml dung dch K2Cr2O7 0,1 N t cht gc K2Cr2O7 (M = 294,192) bit rng
dung dch ny dng chun dung dch Fe2+ theo phn ng:
Cr2O72 + 6 Fe2+ + 14 H+ = 2 Cr3+ + 6 Fe3+ + 7 H2O
14. a) Tnh nng ng lng v nng mol ca dung dch Ba(OH) 2 bit rng
trung ha 31,76 ml dung dch ny cn dng 46,25 ml HCl 0,1280 N.
b) T dung dch Ba(OH)2 ni trn hy pha ch 100 mL dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,1 N.
15. Cn 0,8040 g mt mu qung st ri ha tan hon ton vo dung dch H 2SO4 long,
d. St c kh v dng Fe2+ ri chun bng dung dch KMnO4 0,1120 N th tiu
tn 47,2 ml. Hy tnh hm lng st trong mu qung trn theo:
a) %Fe
b) %Fe 3O4
Cho: Fe = 55,85; Fe3O4 = 231,5
16. Cn 0,4750 g mt mu mui (NH4)2SO4 khng tinh khit ha tan vo nc ct ri
kim ha dung dch bng NaOH. Kh ammoniac c chng ct li cun hi nc
ri cho hp th vo 50,0 ml dung dch HCl 0,1000 N. Lng HCl cn d c trung
ha va bng 11,10 ml NaOH 0,1210 N.
Hy tnh kt qu phn tch theo:
a) %NH3
b) %(NH 4)2SO4
Cho: (NH4)2SO4 = 132,1; NH3 = 17,03
Tnh pH ca cc dung dch acid baz
1. Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau:
a) HCl 2.10- 3 M;
b) KOH 2.10- 5 M;
c) Ba(OH)2 10 2 M

2. Tnh pH ca dung dch HCl 0,001 M ? Nu thm 950 ml nc ct vo 50 ml dung


dch HCl ni trn, lc k v o pH dung dch. Gi tr pH ca dung dch o c s
bng bao nhiu?
3. Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau:
a)
CH3COOH 2.103 M; pKCH3COOH = 4,75
b)
HCN 5.10 3 M; pKHCN = 9,21
c)
NH4Cl 102 M; pKNH4OH = 4,75
d)
CH3COONa 0,02 M
4. Nng ban u ca acid acetic trong trong dch phi bng bao nhiu pH ca
dung dch bng 3,40? Cho: pKCH3COOH = 4,75
5. Dung mi pyridin (C5H5N) l mt baz yu (y l cht gy ung th, c mi hc kh
chu)
a) Vit phng trnh phn ly ca pyridin trong nc.
b) Tnh nng cn bng ca ion pyridinium (C5H5NH+) v pH ca dung dch nc
cha 0,005 mol ammoniac v 0,005 mol pyridine trong 200 ml.
Cho bit: Kb ca ammoniac = 1,8.10- 5; Kb ca pyridin l 1,5.10 9
6.
a) Tnh pH dung dch CH3COOH 0,001 M.
b) Nu thm 10 g CH3COONa vo 1 lt dung dch CH3COOH 0,001 M ni trn th
pH dung dch thu c s bng bao nhiu? (Khi tnh b qua s tng th tch dung
dch)
Cho: pKCH3COOH = 4,75
7. Tnh pH ca dung dch thronine 0,01 M bit rng:
O
HO
HC
H 3C

+ pKa ca cp -NH3+ /-NH2 bng 9,100

C
CH

OH

+ pKa ca cp -COOH /-COO bng 2,088

NH 2

8. Cn thm bao nhiu gam NH4Cl vo 250 ml dung dch NH4OH 0,300 M thu c
dung dch m c pH = 9? Cho bit pKNH4OH = 4,75
9.
a) Tnh pH ca dung dch cha 80 ml NaOH 0,04 M v 20 ml HCOOH 0,10 M.
b) Cn thm bao nhiu ml NaOH 0,04 M vo 20 ml dung dch HCOOH 0,10 M
thu c dung dch c pH = 3,74?
Bit rng: pKHCOOH = 3,74.

10. Ch th Metyl s c mu g trong cc dung dch sau:


a) KCN 10 4 M;
b) NH4Cl 0,02 M;
c) CH3COONH4 0,05 M
Bit rng:
pKHCN = 9,21; pKCH3COOH = 4,75; pKNH4OH = 4,75
Khong pH chuyn mu ca Metyl l 4,4 6,2
(dng acid c mu ; dng baz c mu vng)
11. Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau:
a) H2SO3 0,01 M
b) H2SO4 0,1 M
c) NaHSO4 0,1 M
d) Na2SO4 0,1 M
e) H3PO4 0,1 M
f) H3PO4 0,1 M + NaOH 0,2 M
g) H3PO4 0,1 M + NaOH 0,3 M
Cho bit:
- Hng s acid ca H2SO3 l Ka1 = 1,7.10 2; Ka2 = 6,2.10 8
-

Hng s acid ca H2SO4 l: Ka1 = ; Ka2 = 10 2

- Hng s acid ca H3PO4 l: pKa1= 2,12; pKa2 = 7,21; pKa3 = 12,36


12. Lm th no phn bit cc dung dch mui KH2PO4 v K2HPO4?
Chng II.

PHNG PHP PHN TCH TH TCH


I. L thuyt
i cng v phn tch th tch
1. Nguyn tc chung ca phng php phn tch th tch.
2. Phn bit cc khi nim: im tng ng v im cui ca php chun .
3. Cc phng php pht hin im tng ng ca php chun .
4. Cc yu cu i vi phn ng chun dng trong phn tch th tch.
5. Nu nguyn tc v iu kin p dng ca cc cch chun trong phn tch th tch.
6. ng chun l g? Th no l bc nhy ca ng chun ?
7. Sai s im cui l g? Cng thc tng qut tnh sai s im cui. Ti sao cn kt
thc chun trong khong bc nhy ng nh phn?
8. Sai s ch th l g? Phn bit sai s ch th v sai s im cui

Phng php chun acid -baz


1. Khi nim v ch th acid baz. Khong pH chuyn mu v ch s nh phn pT ca
ch th acid- baz l g?
2. Nguyn tc chn ch th trong chun acid baz
Phng php chun complexon
1. Complexon l g? Phn bit complexon II v complexon III.
2. Ti sao vic chun cc ion kim loi bng complexon III thng c tin hnh
trong mt khong pH thch hp no ?
3. Ch th mu kim loi l g?
4. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi chun trc tip ion kim loi M n+ bng
EDTA vi s c mt ca ch th mu kim loi HInd. Mu sc dung dch s thay i
nh th no im tng ng?
5. Cho bit s thay i mu sc ca cc ch th Eriocrom-T-en v Murexid theo pH
dung dch.
6. Nguyn tc ca phng php chun ion kim loi Mn+ bng EDTA trong cc trng
hp sau: a) Chun ngc; b) Chun thay th
Cc cch chun trn c p dng trong iu kin no?
7. Cc ng dng quan trng ca phng php chun complexon?
Phng php chun kt ta
1. Nguyn tc ca php o bc bng phng php Mohr. Ti sao phng php ny ch
tin hnh c trong mi trng trung tnh hay kim yu?
2. Nguyn tc ca php o bc bng phng php Fajans.
3. Ch th hp ph l g? Ti sao cn thm gelatin hay dextrin vo dung dch chun ?
4. Nguyn tc ca php o bc bng phng php Volhard. Ti sao cn tin hnh chun
trong mi trng acid HNO3?
5. Nhng lu khi p dng phng php Volhard khi chun cc ion Cl v I .
Phng php chun oxy ha kh
1. Ch th oxy ha kh l g? Nguyn tc chn ch th oxy ha kh?
2. Nguyn tc v ng dng quan trng ca php o permananat.
3. Nguyn tc v ng dng quan trng ca php chun iod-thiosulfat.
4. Nguyn tc v ng dng quan trng ca php o dicromat.

II. Bi tp
Phng php chun acid-baz
1. Chun dung dch HNO3 0,02 M bng dung dch NaOH c cng nng .
a) Tnh bc nhy pH ca ng chun .
b) Cn dng ch th c pT bng bao nhiu sai s ch th khng qu 0,1 %?
2. Chun HCOOH 0,1 M bng dung dch NaOH 0,1 M.
a) Tnh pH ti im tng ng ca php chun
b) Tnh bc nhy pH ca ng nh phn.
c) C nn dng Metyl (pT = 5) lm ch th cho php chun ny khng? Ti
sao?
Cho: pKHCOOH = 3,74
3. Chun dung dch NH4OH 0,1 M bng dung dch HCl 0,1 M.
a) Tnh pH ca dung dch im tng ng.
b) Tnh bc nhy pH ca ng nh phn. Cn dng ch th c pT bng bao nhiu
sai s ch th khng qu 0,1 %?
c) C nn dng Phnolphtaline (pT = 9) lm ch th trong php chun ny
khng? Gii thch.
Cho: pKNH4OH = 4,75
4. Ly 20 ml mt mu dung dch amoniac pha long thnh 250 ml. Chun 50 ml dung
dch ny vi ch th Bromocresol lc th ht 40,38 ml HCl 0,2506 M. Tnh %(w/v)
ca NH4OH trong mu amoniac ban u.
5. Cn 0,4307 g mt mu xt k thut (c ln Na 2CO3 v cc tp cht khc) ri em ha
tan thnh dung dch. Chun dung dch ny vi ch th Phnolphtaline th tiu tn
ht 49,08 ml dung dch HCl 0,1734 N. Thm vo dung dch ny vi git ch th Metyl
da cam ri chun tip tc th tiu tn ht 7,68 ml HCl.
a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh chun ..
b) Tnh % (w/w) ca NaOH v Na2CO3 trong mu xt ban u.
Cho: NaOH = 40; Na2CO3 = 106
6. Cn 2,5126 g mt mu sa bt em v c ha bng H2SO4 c, nng vi xc tc thch
hp. Dch thy phn c pha long bng nc ct ri nh mc thnh 100ml. Ly 25
ml dung dch thu c thm NaOH 40%. Lng NH 3 gii phng ra c cho hp th
vo mt lng d acid boric ri chun bng HCl 0,1 N vi ch th Tashiro th tiu tn
ht 12,75 ml.
a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh chun .
b) Tnh % Nit tng s v % protein trong mu sa bt phn tch.
Cho bit: hm lng proten trong sa = hm lng Nit tng s * 6,38

Phng php chun phc cht


1. Cn 1,3370 g mt mu magn oxyd (c cha CaO v cc tp cht khc) ha tan
trong HCl long ri nh mc bng nc ct n 500 ml.
- Ht ra 25,00 ml dung dch, trung ha bng NaOH 2 N, iu chnh v pH = 9 10
bng hn hp m amoni, ri chun bng dung dch EDTA 0,05 N vi ch th
Eriocrom-T-en th tiu tn ht 28,75 ml.
- Ly 25,00 ml dung dch khc, thm dung dch NaOH 2 N n pH 12, thm vi
git ch th Murexid ri chun bng EDTA 0,05 N th ht 5,17 ml.
a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh chun . Cho bit s thay
i mu sc cc dung dch im tng ng.
b) Tnh % w/w ca MgO v CaO trong mu phn tch ban u.
Cho: MgO = 40; CaO = 56
2. xc nh nng SO42 trong mt mu nc khong, ngi ta ly 10,00 ml
mu nc ny acid ha bng HCl long, ri thm 15,00 ml BaCl 2 0,05 N. Dung
dch c un nng n 900C ri yn trong 30 pht. Lc, ra kt ta thu c.
Tt c dch lc c gp vo mt bnh nh mc 100 ml ri ct n vch. Ht ra
20,00 ml dung dch, thm dung dch m amoni iu chnh mi trng v pH
9 10. Tip , thm mt lng nh MgY 2- ri chun bng EDTA 0,05 N vi
ch th NET th tiu tn ht 2,35 ml dung dch EDTA.
a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh chun . Gii thch mc
ch ca vic thm MgY2 - vo dung dch phn tch.
b) Tnh gi tr pSO4 ca mu phn tch.
3. cng ca nc biu th tng hm lng ion Mg2+ v Ca2+ trong 1 lt nc.
xc nh cng ca nc my sinh hot, ngi ta ly 100 ml mu nc ny,
thm dung dch m ammoni iu chnh v pH 9 10. Tip , thm 5 ml KCN
10% v mt lng nh MgY2- ri chun bng EDTA 0,05 N vi ch th NET th
tiu tn ht 3,25 ml EDTA.
a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh chun .
b) Gii thch vai tr ca KCN.
c) Mu sc dung dch thay i ra sao im tng ng?
d) Tnh cng ca mu nc theo n v M v c
Bit rng: 10 M = 1ppm CaCO3; 10 c = 10 ppm CaO
Cho: CaCO3 = 100; CaO = 56
Phng php chun kt ta
1.
Chun 20,00 ml dung dch NaBr 0,01 M bng dung dch AgNO3 0,01 M.
Hy tnh bc nhy pAg v gi tr pAg im tng ng. Cho: TAgBr = 10 12

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2.

0,7400 g mt mu mui clorur (khng cha cc tp cht halogenur khc) c


ha tan trong nc ct v nh mc n 250 ml. Ly 50,00 ml dung dch thu c,
thm vo 2 ml HNO3 2 N v mt t ch th phn st (III). Tip , thm 40,00 ml
AgNO3 0,1000 N kt ta hon ton ion Cl . Sau khi lc b kt ta, chun lng
AgNO3 cn li bng NH4SCN 0,0580 N th tiu tn ht 19,35 ml hn hp chuyn
t trng c sang hi hng cam.
Tnh % (w/w) Cl trong mu phn tch.
3.
Mt mu mui clorur natri cha 20% m v 5% tp cht c ha tan trong
nc ct ri chun theo phng php Mohr.
Tnh lng mu em phn tch, bit rng chun lng mu ny cn dng
35,21 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,05 M.
4.
1,7450 g mt mu hp kim bc c ha tan bng acid nitric ri nh mc bng
nc ct n 250 ml. Ly 10,00 ml dung dch thu c em chun bng NH 4SCN
0,0467 N th ht 11,75 ml.
Tnh %Ag trong mu hp kim phn tch.
Phng php chun oxy ha-kh
1.
Chun 10,00 ml Sn2+ 0,0100 M bng dung dch Fe3+ 0,0100 M trong mi
trng c pH = 0
a)
Tnh th tch dung dch Fe3+ cn dng t ti im tng ng.
b)
Mun php chun khng mc sai s im cui th cn kt thc chun
th bng bao nhiu?
c)
Cn dng ch th oxy ha kh no sai s ch th khng qu 0,1%?
Cho bit: E0Sn 4+ / Sn 2+ = 0,154 V; E0Fe 3+ / Fe 2+ = 0,771 V
2.
Nung 0,9280 g mt mu kem bi tay t chy hon ton nhng hp cht hu
c. B cn li sau khi nung c cha oxyd km c ha tan trong HCl long, trung
ha, ri kt ta ion Zn2+ bng mt lng d dung (NH4)2C2O4 4%. Lc ly kt ta, ha
tan bng H2SO4 long, d ri chun bng KMnO4 0,0754 N th tiu tn ht 37,80
ml.
Tnh %ZnO trong mu kem phn tch.
3.
a)
Hy pha ch 500 ml K2Cr2O7 0,0100 N t cht gc K2Cr2O7
(MK2Cr2O7 = 294,2) bit rng dung dch ny dng chun Fe 2+ trong mi
trng acid.
b)
Ly 10,00 ml dung dch chun K2Cr2O7 ni trn, thm vo
5 ml H2SO4 4 N, ri 10 ml KI 5%. Lc k hn hp, y kn, yn trong ti

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khong 10 pht ri chun lng Iot thot ra bng mt dung dch Na 2S2O3 (cn
xc nh nng ) th ht 9,80 ml.
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v tnh nng mol ca dung dch
Na2S2O3 s dng.
4.
pha ch mt dung dch chun H 2C2O4, ngi ta cn 0,7879 g H 2C2O4.2H2O
(M = 126,06) ri ha tan trong 250 ml nc ct. Ly 20,00 ml dung dch ny em
acid ha bng H2SO4 long, un nng n 60700C ri chun th ht 20,00 ml
dung dch KMnO4.
Tnh nng ng lng v chun TKMnO4/Fe ca dung dch KMnO4 ni trn.
5.
Ly 5,00 ml mt mu ru etylic pha long v nh mc bng nc ct n 1000
ml. Ht 25,00 ml dung dch etanol thu c em chng ct ri cho ngng t tr li
trong mt bnh nn cha sn 50 ml K2Cr2O7 0,1104 N trong HCl long. Khi ,
etanol b oxy ha thnh acid theo phn ng:
3 C2H5OH + 2 Cr2O7 2 + 16 H+ 4 Cr3+ + 3 CH3COOH + 11 H2O
chun lng K2Cr2O7 cn d cn dng 10,92 ml Fe2+ 0,1081 N.
Hy tnh % (w/v) ca C2H5OH trong mu ru em phn tch.
Chng III.

PHNG PHP PHN TCH KHI LNG


I. L thuyt
1. Nguyn tc chung ca phng php phn tch khi lng
2. Phn loi cc phng php phn tch khi lng
3. Cc giai on c bn ca mt quy trnh phn tch khi lng theo li kt ta.
4. So snh u, nhc im v phm vi ng dng ca phng php phn tch khi lng
v phn tch th tch
II. Bi tp
1. Kt qu phn tch hm lng nc trong mt mu rau xanh bng phng php phn
tch khi lng cho cc s liu nh sau:
- Cc cn:
m0 = 9,4358 g
- Cc cn c mu (cha sy): m1 = 11,4585 g
- Cc cn c mu ( sy) : m2 = 9,7428 g
Tnh hm lng nc trong mu rau cho.

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2. Nung 0,7030 g mt mu bt git phn hy hon ton cc hp cht hu c. B cn


li c x l bng dung dch HCl nng chuyn cc dng phosphor v dng
H3PO4. Sau , thm dung dch Mg2+ v NH4OH vo kt ta ion PO43 di dng
MgNH4PO4.6H2O. Lc, ra kt ta thu c ri em nung 1000 0C n khi lng
khng i chuyn v dng Mg2P2O7. Khi lng Mg2P2O7 thu c l 0,4320 g.
Hy tnh % P trong mu bt git cho (P = 30,97; Mg2P2O7 = 222,6)
3. 7 vin ng ha hc saccharin (C 7H5NO3S, M = 183) cn nng 0,2996 g c oxy
ha chuyn S thnh SO42 - ri kt ta bng BaCl2 th thu c 0,2895 g BaSO4.
a) Tnh s mg sacharin trung bnh c trong mt vin ng ha hc (BaSO 4 =
233,40).
b) Tnh % saccharin c trong loi ng ny.
4. nhit cao, Na2C2O4 b phn hy thnh Na2CO3 v CO theo phn ng:
Na2C2O4 Na2CO3 + CO
Nung 1,2906 g mt mu Na 2C2O4 khng tinh khit n khi lng khng i th thu
c lng cn nng 0,9859 g.
Hy tnh % Na2C2O4 trong mu phn tch (Cho: Na2CO3 = 106; Na2C2O4 = 134)
Chng IV.

PHNG PHP PHN TCH CNG C


A. Phng php quang ph hp th phn t UV-Vis
I. L thuyt
1. Biu thc ton hc ca nh lut Lambert - Beer. iu kin p dng?
2. a) Khi nim v truyn quang (%T), hp th (A), h s hp th mol ().
b) Quan h gia %T v A
c) Ti sao trong ha phn tch ngi ta thng s dng i lng hp th hn l
truyn quang?
3. Cc i hp th ca mt hp cht l g? Ti sao trong phn tch trc quang - so mu
thng o hp th bc sng ng vi cc i hp th ca cht nghin cu?
4. a) nh lut cng tnh v hp th.
b) Dung dch nn l g? Ti sao o hp th ca mt dung dch cn s dng
dung dch nn?
5. Nu cc bc cn tin hnh o hp th ca mt dung dch trn quang k UVVis mt chm sng

13

6. a) Nguyn tc cc phng php xc nh nng trong phn tch ha l (phng


php so snh, phng php ng chun, phng php thm, phng php thm
chun). iu kin p dng, u v nhc im ca mi phng php?
b) Ti sao phn tch mu c thnh phn phc tp thng s dng phng php
thm?
II. Bi tp
1. hp th ca dung dch phc FeSCN 2+ 1,04.10-4 M (o 580 nm ; cuvet 1,00 cm)
l 0,726. Hy tnh:
a) truyn quang (%T) ca dung dch trn
b) H s hp th mol ca phc FeSCN2+ 580 nm
c) B dy cuvet dung dch phc FeSCN2+ 4,16.10 5M cng c cng
hp th nh trn
d) hp th ca dung dch FeSCN2+ 3,64.10 5 M khi o vi cuvet 1,50 cm
2. H s hp th mol ca phc to bi Bi (III) v thiourea l 9,3.10 3 l.mol-1.cm-1 (o
470 nm, cuvet 1,00 cm). Tnh khong nng ca Bi(III) c th xc nh c khi
s dng loi my so mu c kh nng o c hp th trong khong:
a) 0,15 0,8
b) 0 3
3. hp th ca dung dch chun cha 50 ppm NO 3- o 220 nm vi cuvet 1,00 cm l
0,570. Hy tnh hm lng NO3- trong mt mu nc bin (theo n v ppm) bit
rng hp th ca dung dch ny o cng iu kin nh trn l 0,540.
4. xc nh hm lng Phosphore (P) trong mt dung dch phn tch, ngi ta ly
250 l mu cho vo bnh nh mc 50,00 ml, to phc amoni phosphomolypdat mu
xanh m ri nh mc n vch bng nc ct. hp th ca dung dch ny (o
830 nm ; cuvet 1 cm) l 0,126.
Mt khc, 500l dung dch chun Phosphor c nng 4 ppm cng c em to
phc ri o quang trong iu kin y ht nh trn th hp th o c l 0,138.
Tnh hm lng Phosphor (theo n v ppm P) trong dung dch phn tch ban u.
5. xc nh hm lng Fe trong mt mu nc thi cng nghip, ngi ta ly 10,00
ml nc thi, em kh hon ton Fe 3+ trong mu v dng Fe2+, sau to phc vi
o-phenanthroline ri nh mc ln 50 ml. hp th ca dung dch (o 510 nm;
cuvet 1 cm) l 0,269.
Tnh hm lng Fe trong mu nc thi theo ppm, bit rng kt qu dng ng
chun Fe2+ bng phng php ny nh sau:
CFe (ppm)
A

0,00
0,000

1,00
0,180

2,00
0,359

3,00
0,549

4,00
0,725

14

6. Ly 5,00 ml mt mu nc bin cho to phc vi Dithizone. Phc Pb(II)-Dithizonat


to thnh c chit sang dung mi CCl4 v nh mc ln 25,00 ml cho gi tr hp
th (o 520 nm; cuvet 1 cm) l 0,193.
Mt khc, nu thm 1,00 ml dung dch chun Pb 2+ c nng 1560 ppb vo 5,00 ml
mu nc bin trn, sau cng to phc, chit v nh mc ln 25,00 ml nh trn
th hp th ca dung dch thu c l 0,419.
Tnh ppm Pb2+ trong mu nc bin cho.
B. Phng php tch chit-sc k
I. L thuyt
1. Nu cc phng php loi b cu t cn
2. Nu cc phng php lm giu cu t phn tch.
3. nh lut phn b Nernst
4. a) Nguyn tc ca phng php chit lng lng.
b) Cc yu t nh hng n hiu sut chit lng lng.
c) Lm th no nng cao hiu sut ca qu trnh chit lng lng?
5. a) Nguyn tc ca phng php chit rn lng.
b) Lm th no nng cao hiu sut ca qu trnh chit rn lng?
6. a) Khi nim lin quan n qu trnh sc k: pha tnh, pha ng, s ra gii, sc k

b) Phn bit khi nim sc k pha thng (normal phase) v sc k pha ngc
(reversed phase). Nguyn tc chung chn dung mi trong sc k pha thng v
sc k pha ngc?
7. C s l thuyt ca phng php tch sc k? Gii thch nguyn nhn dn n s
tch cc cu t trong qu trnh sc k.
8. Phn loi cc phng php sc k.
9. Gii thch c ch tch cht trong cc phng php sc k hp ph, phn b, trao i
ion, ry phn t
10. Nu cc ng dng c bn ca cc phng php sc k sau: sc k ct, sc k bn
mng, sc k ry phn t, sc k lng cao p (HPLC), sc k kh (GC).
Chng V.

PHNG PHP X L S LIU


1. C bao nhiu ch s c ngha trong mi con s sau y:

15

a) 903
b) 0,903
c) 1,0903
d) 0,0903
e) 0,09030
f) 9,03.10 2
2. Lm trn cc con s sau y n 3 ch s c ngha:
a) 0,89377
b) 0,89328
c) 0,89350
d) 0,8997
e) 0,08907
3. Tnh v biu din kt qu ca cc php ton sau bng cc ch s c ngha:
a) 4,591 + 0,2309 + 67,1
b) 313 273,15
c) 712 . 8,6
d) 1,43 / 0,026
e) (8,314 x 298)/96486
f) lg(6,53.10 5)
-7,14
g) 10
h) (6,51.10 -5)(8,14.10 -9)
4. a) Dng chun Q kim tra xem c cn loi b s liu no trong tp hp cc s liu

sau hay khng:


3,274; 3,258; 3,265; 3,258; 3,350; 3,483
b) Tnh gi tr trung bnh, lch chun, h s bin thin da trn kt qu cu a)
c) Tnh khong tin cy ca gi tr thc vi tin cy 95%
5. Kt qu phn tch hm lng acetaminophen (tnh bng miligram) trong 10 vin
thuc gim au cc mnh Excedrin nh sau:

a) Hy tnh gi tr trung bnh, lch chun v h s bin thin ca nhng d


liu phn tch trn
b) Hy biu din kt qu phn tch vi tin cy 95%.

16

P N BI TP HA PHN TCH
Chng I. I CNG V HO HC PHN TCH
Nng dung dch - Pha ch dung dch
1. b) B4O7 2- = M/2
2. a) CaCl2 = M/2; Ca3Al2O6 = M/6;
b) Pb = M/3; Pb(NO3)2 = M/3
3. a) CKCl.MgCl2.6H2O = 0,9640 / (2 . 278) 1,73.10 3 M
[K+] = [Mg2+] 1,73.10 3 M; [Cl -] = 5,19.10 3 M
b) 0,05 % (w/v)
c) nCl - = 129,75 mmol
d) K+ 67,47 ppm; Mg2+ 41,52 ppm; Cl - 184,25 ppm
e) pK = pMg 2,76; pCl 2,28
4. a) CFe(NO3)3 = 0,35 M; CFe3+ = 0,35 M; CNO3- 1,05 M;
b) 84,7 g Fe(NO3)3 /l
5. a) NKMnO4 = 0,05 N; TKMnO4/Fe = 2,8 g / l = 2,8 mg/ml
b) Hm lng Fe = (16,84 x 2,8)/24,44 1,93 g/l
6. a) CNa+ = 4,7.10-2 M; CSO42- = 2,76.10 3 M
b) pNa = 1,33; pSO4 = 2,56
7. a)
Pha ch dd KNO3 15 % (w/w): cn 35,3 g KNO3 ha tan trong 200ml nc
ct
Pha ch dd KNO3 15 % (w/v): cn 30 g KNO3 ha tan trong 200 ml nc ct
b) d1 1,18 g /ml; d2 1,15 g /ml
8. a) CHCl 12,11 M
b)
- Pha ch 250 ml HCl 4 M: Dng ng ong th tch ly khong 83 ml HCl c, thm
nc ct vo n 250 ml
- Pha ch 250 ml HCl 10 % (w/w): Dng ng ong th tch ly khong 59 ml HCl
c, thm nc ct vo n 250 ml

17

- Pha ch 250 ml HCl 10 % (w/v): HCl 37,27 % (w/w) , d = 1,185 g/ml ng vi dd


HCl 44,16 % (w/v) Dng ng ong th tch ly khong 57 ml HCl c, thm nc
ct vo n 250 ml
- Pha ch 250 ml HCl 1: 4 (v/v): Dng ng ong th tch ly 50 ml HCl c, thm
nc ct n 250 ml
9. a) Dng ng ong th tch ly 102 ml H3PO4 c, thm nc ct n 250 ml
b) Cn 0,8500 g AgNO3, ha tan trong 500 ml nc ct
c) Cn 62,5 g Pb(NO3)2 , ha tan trong 250 ml nc ct
d) Ly 250 ml HCl 6 M, thm nc ct n 750 ml
e) Cn 0,9201 g Na2SO4 ha tan trong 5,000 lt nc ct
10.

a) 76 ml etanol tinh khit + H2O 500 ml

b) 76 ml etanol tinh khit + 440 ml H2O


c) 60 ml etanol tinh khit + 440 ml H2O
11. a) HNO3 32 % (w/w); b) HNO3 3,2 N
12. a) Cn 3,5768 g Na2CO3.10H2O trn cn phn tch, ha tan trong 250 ml nc ct
(dng bnh nh mc)
b) Cn 2,4516 g K2Cr2O7 trn cn phn tch, ha tan trong 500 ml nc ct (dng
bnh nh mc)
13. a) NBa(OH)2 = 0,1864 N; CBa(OH)2 = 0,0932 M
b) Cn pha long 1,864 ln (v d: ly 1000 ml 0,1864 N + 864 ml nc ct)
14.

a) % Fe 36,82 %; b) % Fe3O4 50,85 %

15.

a) % NH3 13,11 %; b) % (NH4)2SO4 50,85 %

Tnh pH ca cc dung dch acid baz


a) 2,7 ; b) CHNO3 2,4 M pH - 0,38;

1.

c) pOH 4,7 pH 9,3; d) pOH 1,7; pH 12,3


2.

Trc khi pha long: pH = 3; Sau khi pha long: pH 4,3

3.

a) pH 3,73; b) pH 5,76; c) pH 5,63; d) pH 5,48

4.

CCH3COOH 8,9.10 3 M

5.

[OH-] 6,7.10 4 M 10 - 3,17 M

K b ( Pyridine} [C 5 H 5 N ] 1,5.10 9.2,5.10 2


[C 5 H 5 NH ] =
=
5,5.10 8 M

3,17
[OH ]
10
+

pH 10,83;
6.

pH 3,88; pH 6,84

18

7.

pH 5,59

8.

m NH4Cl 7,14 g

9.

a) pH 12,1; b) VNaOH = 25 ml

10.
a) pH > 7 vng; b) pH 5,48 cam; c) pH = 7 vng; d) pH 5,48 cam
11.

a) pH 1,88; b) pH 1,00; c) pH 1,50; d) pH 7,50;

e) H3PO4 0,1M: pH 1,56;


f) H3PO4 0,1M + NaOH 0,2 M = Na2HPO4 0,1M pH = 9,79
g) H3PO4 0,1M + NaOH 0,3 M = Na3PO4 0,1M pH 12,68
12.

pH (KH2PO4) = 4,67 pHK2HPO4 = 9,79

c th dng Phnol Phtaline (hay Mthyl , Mthyl da cam, ) phn bit hai
dung dch ny
Chng II.
PHNG PHP PHN TCH TH TCH
A. Chun acid-baz
1.

a) pHp = 5,0 9,0 ; b) Cn chn ch th c pT = 5 9 .

2.

a) pHT = 8,22
b) pHp = 6,74 9, 70

c) Khng: Metyl c pT = 5 nm ngoi bc nhy ng nh phn Sai s mc


phi s ln.
3. a) pHT = 5,28;
b) pHp = 6,25 4,30 Cn chn ch th c pT = 4,30 6,25
c) Khng: pT ca Phenol Phtalin c pT = 9 cch xa pHT sai s ch th ln
4. % NH4OH 8,85 % (w/v)
5.

a) Khi chun vi Phnol Phataline: NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H 2O


Na2CO3 + HCl = NaHCO3 + NaCl
Khi chun vi Mthyl da cam: NaHCO3 + HCl = H2CO3 + NaCl
b) % Na2CO3 32,8%; % NaOH 66,67 %

6. % N 2,84 %; % Protine 18,13 %


1.

B. Chun complexon
a) - Phn ng ha tan mu:
MgO + 2 HCl = MgCl2 + H2O
CaO + 2 HCl = CaCl2 + H2O

19

- Chun pH = 9 10 vi ch th ET-OO:
Mg2+ + H2Y2- = MgY2- + 2 H+
Ca2+ + H2Y2- = CaY2- + 2 H+
T: dd t nho xanh bic
- Chun pH 12 vi ch th Muresxid:
Ca2+ + H2Y2- = CaY2- + 2 H+
T: dd t hng tm xanh
b) % MgO = 35,27%; %CaO = 10,83%
2.
a)
-

Qu trnh chun (theo nguyn tc chun ngc):


kt ta SO42- bng lng d v chnh xc BaCl2:
Ba2+ + SO42- = BaSO4
(1)
chun Ba2+ cn d bng EDTA vi s c mt ca MgY2-:
Ba2+ + MgY2 - = BaY2 - + Mg 2+
(2)
Mg2+ + HInd = MgInd + + H+
(3)
2+
22+
Ba + H2Y = BaY + 2H
(4)

T:

MgInd + + H2Y2- = MgY2- + HInd + H +

(5)

2-

- Mc ch ca vic thm MgY : ET-OO l ch th tt i vi Mg 2+ nhng khng


phi l ch th tt i vi Ba2+ nn khi chun Ba2+ vi ch th ET-OO s chuyn
mu T s khng r rng. Cc phn ng 2 5 cho thy: vic a thm
MgY2- vo dd nhm to ra phc MgInd +, gip cho s chuyn mu T r rng
hn (t mu nho ca phc MgInd+ mu xanh bic ca EDTA dng t do)
b) NSO42- = 0,0163 N CSO42- = 0,0813 M pSO4 = 1,09
3.
a) - Phn ng chun : Mg2+ + H2Y2- = MgY2- + 2 H +
Ca2+ + H2Y2- = CaY2 - + 2 H +
- KCN dng che cc ion kim loi nng trong nc cn tr php phn tch (nh:
2+
Cu , Ni2+, Fe3+, )
b) T nho sang xanh bic
c) - S meq (Ca+Mg)/ lt nc: 1,625 meq
(ng vi 81,25 ppm CaCO3 hay 45,5 ppm CaO)
cng ca mu nc: 81,250M = 4,550 c
C. Chun kt ta
1. Bc nhy pAgp = 6,7 5,3; pAg T = 6
2. % Cl = 69,03 %

20

3. 0,1373 g
4. % Ag = 84,90 %
D. Chun oxy ha kh
1. Phn ng chun i xng v: Sn2+ + 2 Fe3+ = Sn4+ + 2 Fe2+
NSn2+ = 2. 0,01 = 0,02 N; NFe3+ = 0,01 N
a) T: VSn2+. NSn2+ = VFe3+ . NFe 3+ VFe3+ (T) = 10 . 0,02 / 0,01 = 20 ml
b) php chun khng mc sai s cn kt thc chun T, tc th
E = ET = 0,359 V
c) Bc nhy th ca ng nh phn: E p = 0,243 V 0,593 V
dng ch th oxy ha - kh c E0Ind (0,243 V 0,593 V)
2. Phn ng:
ZnO + 2 HCl = ZnCl2 + H2O
ZnCl2 + (NH4)2C2O4 = ZnC2O4 + 2 NH4Cl
ZnC2O4 + H2SO4 = H2C2O4 + ZnSO4
5H2C2O4 + 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 = 10CO2 + 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 8H2O
% ZnO =

(37,80.0,0754) 81,5 100


.
.
= 12,52%
1000
2 0,9280

3. a) Phn ng chun Fe2+ bng K2CrO7:


6 Fe2+ + Cr2O72- + 14 H+ = 6 Fe3+ + 2 Cr-3+ + 7 H2O
K2Cr2O7 = M/6
Cch pha ch: Cn 0,2452 g K 2CrO7 (dng cn phn tch), ha tan trong 500 ml
nc ct (dng bnh nh mc)
b) Phn ng: K2Cr2O7 + 6 KI + 7 H2SO4 = Cr2(SO4)3 + 3 I2 + 4 K2SO4 + 7 H2O
I2 + Na2S2O3 = 2NaI + Na2S4O6
NNa2S2O3 = (VN) K2CrO7 / VNa2S2O3 = 0,0102 N
CNa2S2O3 = NNa2S2O3 = 0,0102 M
4. Phn ng chun KMnO4:
5H2C2O4 + 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 = 10CO2 + 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 8H2O
NH2C2O4 = 0,7879 / (0,25. 126,03/2) = 0,0500 N
NKMnO4 = 20 . 0,05 /20 = 0,05 N
T KMnO4 / Fe = 0,05 . 56 /1000 = 0,0028 g/ml
5. C2H5OH = M/4
% C2H5OH =

(50.0,1104 10,92.0,1081) 1000 46 100


.
. .
= 39,92%
1000
25 4 5

Chng III.

21

PHNG PHP PHN TCH KHI LNG


1. % H2O =

m1 m2
.100% = 84,82%
m1 m0

2. Phn ng: HPO42 + Mg2+ + NH4OH == MgNH4PO4 + H2O


10000 C

2 MgNH4PO4 Mg2P2O7 + NH3 + H2O


%P = M

2 AP
Mg 2 P 2 O 7

mC
2.30,97 0,4320
.100% =
.
.100% 17,01%
m pt
222,6 0,7030

3. S phn ng: C7H5NO3S


S

O 2

7 CO2 + 5/2 H2O + 1/2 N2 + S

SO42

Ba2+

BaSO4

a) S mg saccharin c trong 1 vin ng ha hc:


0,2895 183
.
.10 3 32,43
233,40 7

mg

183

0,2895

sacharin
. C .100% =
.
.100% 75,77 %
b) % Saccharin = M
m pt
233,40 0,2996
BaSO 4

134 0,9859

Na 2 C 2 O 4
. C .100% =
.
.100% 96,9%
4. % Na2C2O4 = M
m pt
106 1,2906
Na 2 CO 3

Chng IV
A. PHNG PHP QUANG PH HP TH PHN T UV-Vis
1. a) T% = 18,8%; b) = 6980 l.mol-1.cm-1; c) l = 2,5 cm; d) A = 0,381
2. a) 1,6.10-5 M 8,6.10 -5 M;

b) 0,00 M 3,2.10 -4 M

3. y l php xc nh nng bng phng php so snh.


Nng NO3- trong nc bin l: C x = C 0 .

Ax
0,54
= 50.
47,4 ppm
A0
0,57

4. T gii (phng php so snh)


5. T bng s liu Phng trnh ng chun: A = 0,1819C 0,0012
C

Fe ( dd o )

Ao + 0,0012 0,269 + 0,0012


=
1,49 ppm
0,1819
0,1819

Hm lng Fe trong mu nc thi:


C Fe ( ddpt ) =

1,48.50
= 7,45 ppm
10

x
6. y l pp thm Dng cng thc: C x = A A .C x
0
x

Nng thm: C x =

1,1560
= 62,4 ppb
25

22

Ax
0,193
.C x =
.62,4 = 53,29 ppb
Nng Pb2+ trong mu o: C x =
A0 Ax
0,419 0,193

Nng Pb2+ trong mu nc bin: C x =

53,29.25
. = 266,45 ppb
5

Chng V
PHNG PHP X L S LIU THC NGHIM
1.
2.
3.
4.

a) 3
b) 3
c) 5
d) 3
e) 4
f) 3
a) 0,894
b) 0,893
c) 0,894
d) 0,900
e) 0,0891
3
a) 71,9
b) 40
c) 6,1.10
d) 55
8
e) 0,0257
f) - 4,185
g) 7,2.10
h)53,0.10 14
a) Sp xp d liu tng dn: 3,258; 3,258; 3,265; 3,274; 3,350; 3,483
- Kim tra gi tr nghi ng l 3,483:
Q6(tn) = 0,93; Qlt (0,99; 6) = 0,74 < Q6(tn) loi gi tr 3,483.
- Kim tra tip gi tr nghi ng l 3,350:
Q5(tn) = 0,83; Qlt (0,99; 5) = 0,82 < Q5(tn) loi gi tr 3,350
b)

X 4 =3,26375

S=

[2.(3,258)

3,264;
2

+ (3,265) 2 + (3,274) 2 4(3,26375) 2


= 0,007
4 1

CV = 0,2 %
c) = 3,264 3,18.
5.

a)

0,007
= 3,264 0,011
4

X 10 = 243,53 243,5

b) = 243,5 2,26.

(n = 4; P = 0,95)

mg; S = 11,9 mg; CV = 4,89 %

11,9
= 243,5 8,5
10

(mg)

23

BI TP T GII
Phn 1. Nng dung dch - Pha ch dung dch
1. Ha tan 2,9375 g Cu(NO3)2 tinh khit vo 1000 ml HNO3 1% w/v. Sau , ly 10 ml
dung dch Cu2+ thu c pha long v nh mc bng nc ct ln n 250 ml. Tnh nng
mol, % w/v v ppm w/v ca Cu2+ trong dung dch sau cng.
Cho bit: Cu = 64; N = 14; O = 16
2. Hy pha ch 250 ml dung dch KMnO 4 0,025 M t KMnO4 tinh th (M = 158,031). Dung
dch KMnO4 thu c c phi l dung dch chun gc hay khng? Ti sao? Nu cch xc
nh nng ng ca dung dch KMnO4 va pha ch.
3. a) Hy pha ch 200 ml dung dch KOH 20% w/w t KOH rn.
b) T dung dch KOH 20% w/w ni trn, hy pha ch 250 ml KOH 2% w/w.
4. Hy pha ch 500 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1 N t dung dch NaOH 2,5 N.
5. Hy pha ch 250 ml dung dch chun AgNO3 0,0100 N t ng chun AgNO3 0,1 N ?
6. Hy pha ch 500 ml CH3COOH 4 M t dung dch CH3COOH c thng mi 98% w/w
(d = 1,05 g/ml). Cho : MCH3COOH = 60,05
7. Hy pha ch 500 ml NH4OH 4 M t dung dch NH4OH c thng mi 25% w/w
(d
= 0,91g/ml). Dung dch NH4OH thu c c nng ng bng 4 M hay khng? Ti sao?
Nu cch xc nh nng ng ca dung dch NH4OH va pha ch.
8. a) Tnh nng mol ca dung dch CH3COOH c 98% w/w (d = 1,055 g/ml).
b) T dung dch CH3COOH c ni trn, hy pha ch 250 ml dung dch CH 3COOH 10%
w/w. Tnh khi lng ring ca dung dch va pha ch. Cho: MCH3COOH = 60.
9. Hy pha ch 500 ml dung dch H2SO4 20% w/w t dung dch H2SO4 c 98% w/w
(d
= 1,84 g/ml). Tnh nng mol ca dung dch va pha ch. Cho: H2SO4 = 98,08
10. a) Trnh by cch pha ch 250 ml dung dch Na 2B4O7 0,01 N t Na2B4O7.10H2O
(M
= 381,374). Bit rng dung dch ny dng chun HCl theo phn ng:
B4O72- + 2 H+ = H2B4O7

24

b) T dung dch trn, hy pha ch 250 ml dung dch Na 2B4O7 1,25.103 M. Tnh
pB4O7 v ppmB4O7 ca dung dch thu c.
11. Trnh by cch pha ch 500 ml dung dch H 2O2 4% w/w t H2O2 c 30,1% w/w
(d
= 1,19 g/ml). Tnh khi lng ring v nng mol ca dung dch H 2O2 va pha ch. Cho:
H2O2 = 34,01.
12. a) Cn bao nhiu gam KH 2PO4 tinh khit phn tch (M = 136,09) pha ch 1000 ml
dung dch chun gc P c nng 50 ppm w/v?
b) Tnh th tch dung dch chun gc P ni trn cn ly pha ch 100 ml dung dch
chun P c nng ln lt l 1,0; 5,0 v 10 ppm w/v. Cho: P = 31
13. Hy pha ch 100 ml dung dch ch th Bromocresol xanh 0,1% w/v trong etanol 20% v/v
t Bromocresol xanh (dng tinh th), etanol 96% v/v v nc ct.
14. Trnh by cch pha ch 250 mL Na2S2O3 0,1 N t Na2S2O3.5H2O (M = 248,18) dng
trong php chun I2. Nu nguyn tc chun ha nng dung dch ny.
15. Trn 50 ml KNO3 0,05M vi 40 ml NaNO3 0,075M th c dung dch c ppm NO 3
bng bao nhiu ?
16. 250,0 ml dung dch nc cha 45,1 g thuc tr su. Biu din nng thuc tr su
trong nc theo % w/w, ppm v ppb w/v.
Phn 2. Tnh pH ca dung dch acid-baz
1. a) Hy pha ch 500 ml HNO3 4 N t dung dch HNO3 68% w/w (d = 1,405 g/ml). Cho:
HNO3 = 63.
b) T dung dch trn, hy pha ch 250 ml HNO3 0,2 N. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c
2. a) Hy pha ch 100 ml dung dch HNO 3 20% w/v t dung dch HNO3 c 65% w/w c d
= 1,41 g/ml.
b) T dung dch HNO3 20% w/v, hy pha ch 250 ml HNO 3 2% w/v. Tnh nng mol
v pH ca ca dung dch HNO3 2% w/v va pha ch.
3. Hy pha ch 1000 ml HClO4 5% w/w t dung dch HClO4 31,6% w/w (d = 1,220 g/ml).
Tnh nng mol v pH ca dung dch HClO4 5% w/w va pha ch. Cho: HClO4 = 100,5.
4. a) Hy pha ch 500 ml dung dch NaOH 40% w/v t NaOH rn. Tnh khi lng ring v
nng mol ca dung dch NaOH thu c.
b) T dung dch NaOH ni trn, hy pha ch 1000 ml NaOH 0,4% (w/v). Tnh pH ca
dung dch va pha ch.
5. a) Hy pha ch 1000 ml dung dch CH 3COOH 2 M t dung dch CH 3COOH 98% w/w
(c d =1,055 g/ml)
b) T dung dch CH3COOH 2 M ni trn, hy pha ch 250 ml CH 3COOH 0,1 M. Tnh
pH ca dung dch va thu c. Cho bit: pKCH3COOH = 4,75

25

6. a) Kali biphtalat l sn phm ca s trung ha acid p-phtalic (cng thc phn t


C6H4(COOH)2) bi KOH. Hy pha ch 250,00 ml dung dch kali biphtalat 4 M t cht gc
kali biphtalat (cng thc phn t C6H4(COOH)(COOK); M = 204,229).
b) T dung dch kali biphtalat ni trn, hy pha ch 100,00 ml kali biphtalat 0,5 M. Tnh
pH ca dung dch va thu c. Cho bit: acid p-phtalic c pKa1 = 3,54; pKa2 = 4,46.
7. Trnh by cch pha ch 500 mL dung dch m amoni c pH = 9,25 t 500 mL NH 4OH 4
M v mui NH4Cl. Gi thit rng s ha tan cht rn vo cht lng khng lm thay i th
tch dung dch. Cho bit: pKNH4OH = 4,75
8. a) Hy pha ch 500 mL dung dch m acetat pH = 4,75 t 500 mL CH 3COOH 4M v
mui CH3COONa tinh th. Gi thit rng s ha tan cht rn vo cht lng khng lm thay
i th tch dung dch.
b) Tnh s thay i pH ca dung dch m ni trn nu:
* thm 10 mL HCl 1 M vo 100 mL
* thm 10 ml NaOH 1 M
Cho: pKCH3COOH = 4,75; C = 12; O =16; H = 1; Na = 23.
Phn 3. Cc cch chun - Cch tnh kt qu trong phn tch th tch
1. Cn 0,3000 g mt mu acid amin tinh khit (cng thc R-(CH-(COOH)(NH 2); c
pK-COOH = 8,7) ha tan trong 50,00 ml nc. Thm 5 ml formol vo ri chun bng dung
dch NaOH 0,1000 M th tiu tn ht 20,00 ml.
a) Gii thch tc dng ca formol trong php chun trn.
b) Tnh nng trong dung dch ban u v phn t lng ca acid amin.
2. Cn 0,8650 g mt mu khong vt c cha dolomite (CaCO 3.MgCO3) ha tan hon
ton trong 10,00 ml HCl 1,5420 N. Sau khi un si ui CO 2, chun lng HCl cn
d vi ch th methyl th tiu tn ht 26,03 ml NaOH 0,2163 N. Tnh % dolomite c
trong mu khong phn tch. Cho: Ca = 40; Mg = 24; C = 12; O = 16.
3. Cn 0,4300 g mt mu amino acid R-CH-(COOH)(NH 2) tinh khit ha tan trong
50,00 ml nc, thm 5 ml formaldehyd ri chun bng NaOH 0,1036 M vi ch th
thymolphtalein (pT = 9,9) th tiu tn ht 35,00 ml NaOH.
a) Tnh phn t lng ca acid amin trn.
b) Gii thch tc dng ca formaldehyd trong phn ng chun
4. Chun 20,00 ml dung dch hn hp acid HCl + H 3PO4 vi ch th metyl da cam
th tiu tn ht 37,83 ml NaOH 0,1 N. Thm tip vo vi git ch th phnol phtalin ri
chun tip tc th tiu tn ht 21,98 ml NaOH 0,1 N. Tnh nng mol ca HCl v
H3PO4 trong dung dch phn tch.
5. Neohetramine (C16H21ON4 c M = 285,37) l mt cht khng histamine thng dng.
Cn 1,2398 g mu dc phm cha c cha Neohetramine em phn tch bng phng

26

php Kjeldahl. Mu sau khi v c ha c nh mc ln 100,0 ml. Ly 25,00 ml dung dch


thu c cho phn ng vi NaOH c, d ri chng ct li cun hi nc. Lng amoniac
sinh ra c hp th vo 20,00 ml H2SO4 0,0328 M. Chun lng tha H2SO4 th tiu tn
ht 12,80 ml NaOH 0,0983 M. Tnh %N v %Neohetramin trong mu phn tch.
6. Hm lng protein trong mt mu phomai c xc nh bng phng php
Kjeldahl nh sau:
Cn 0,9814 g phomai em v c ha bng H2SO4 c c xc tc oxy ha cc hp
cht cha nit v dng NH4+. Thm NaOH c, d vo dch v c ha ri chng ct li cun
hi nc. Kh NH3 sinh ra c hng vo mt bnh cha 50,00 mL H2SO4 0,2112 N. Chun
lng H2SO4 cn d th tiu tn ht 22,84 ml NaOH 0,1183 N.
a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh phn tch.
b) Tnh % protein trong mu bit rng: %protein = % Ntng s x 6,38
7. Cn 0,5136 mt mu dc phm sulfanilamid (C6H4N2O2S) em oxy ha chuyn
ha lu hunh (S) trong hp cht ny thnh SO 2. Kh SO2 sinh ra c sc qua dung dch
H2O2 d chuyn ha thnh H 2SO4. Chun dung dch acid thu c th tiu tn ht
48,13 ml NaOH 0,1251 M .
a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh phn tch.
b) Tnh tinh khit ca mu dc phm sulfanilamid em phn tch.
Cho : C = 12; H = 1; N = 14; O = 16; S = 32
8. xc nh acid ca mt mu tri cy, ngi ta cn 10,0000 g mu i din em
xay nhuyn vi nc ri nh mc bng nc ct ln 250 ml. Chun 50,00 ml hn hp
thu c bng dung dch NaOH 0,0100 M vi ch th phenolphtalein th tiu tn ht
12,45 ml NaOH.
Gi s rng acid tn ti trong loi hoa qu ny l acid tartaric (C 2H2)(OH)2(COOH)2.
Tnh acid ca mu tri cy ni trn theo n v g acid tartaric/100 g bit rng phn ng
chun acid tartaric bng NaOH nh sau:
(C2H2)(OH)2(COOH)2 + 2 NaOH = (C2H2)(OH)2(COONa)2 + 2 H2O
9. xc nh hm lng baz bay hi tng s (gm trimetylamin, dimetylamin v
amoniac) trong mt mu tm ng lnh, ngi ta cn chnh xc 100 g mu em ng nht
ha vi 300 ml acid tricloroacetic. Sau , lc ly dch ri nh mc ln 500 ml. Ly 25 ml
dch thu c thm vo NaOH 2 N n d ri chng ct li cun hi nc. Dch chng
ct c hp th vo 25 ml H 2SO4 0,01 N. Chun lng H 2SO4 cn d th tiu tn ht
19,23 ml NaOH 0,01 N.
a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh phn tch
b) Tnh hm lng Nit tng s cha trong baz bay hi (vit tt l N-TVB) c trong mu
phn tch theo n v mg N/100 g. Cho: N = 14.

27

10. Ha tan 0,3476 g mt mu mui cha MgCl 2 v CaCl2 ri nh mc bng nc ct


thnh 100,00 ml. Chun 25,00 ml dung dch trn pH = 10 vi ch th ET-OO th tiu
tn ht 32,00 ml EDTA 0,0500 N. Mt khc, chun 25,00 ml dung dch trn pH 12
vi ch th Murexid th ch cn 15,00 ml EDTA 0,0500 N. Tnh %MgCl 2 v %CaCl2 trong
mu mui em phn tch.
Cho bit: MgCl2 = 95,21; CaCl2 = 110,99
10. V trng g em bc b lp mng mng ri sy kh, nghin mn. Cn 5,6130 g v
trng nghin mn em ha tan trong HCl 6 N. Lc b cn khng tan. Dch lc c pha
long v nh mc ln 250,00 ml. Chun 10,00 ml dch lc ny pH = 10 vi ch th
NET (c thm lng nh MgY2-) th tiu tn ht 44,11 ml EDTA 0,0499 M.
a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Mu sc dung dch thay i ra sao im
tng ng?
b) Tnh % CaCO3 w/w trong mu v trng em phn tch. Cho: CaCO3 = 100
11. Cn 0,4071 g cht chun gc CaCO 3 (M = 100,09) em ha tan trong mt th tch
ti thiu HCl 6 M ri nh mc thnh 500 ml. Ly 25,00 ml dung dch chun gc Ca 2+ va
pha ch cho vo bnh nn, thm NaOH 2 M iu chnh pH > 12, vi ht ch th Murexid
ri chun bng dung dch EDTA th tiu tn ht 21,31 ml.
a) Mu sc dung dch thay i ra sao im tng ng?
b) Tnh nng ng lng v nng mol ca dung dch EDTA s dng.
12. Cn 0,3172 g mt mu mui ch cha KCl v NaBr c ha tan trong 50,00 mL
nc ct ri chun theo phng php Mohr th tiu tn ht 36,14 mL AgNO 3 0,1120 M
t ti im tng ng.
Tnh % w/w ca KCl v NaBr trong mu. Cho bit: KCl = 74,55 ; NaBr = 102,89
13. Theobromine (C7H8N4O2, M = 180,1) l mt hot cht alkaloid c trong ht cacao.
xc nh hm lng alkaloid ny trong mt mu ht cacao, ngi ta cn 2,500 g bt
cacao v chit bng nc m v lc ly dch. Thm vo dch lc ny 25,00 ml AgNO 3
0,0100 N trong amoniac, un nng kt ta hon ton Theobromine di dng mui kh
tan C7H7N4O2Ag. Lc b kt ta ny v chun dch lc thu c th tiu tn ht 7,69 ml
NH4SCN 0,0108 N.
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v tnh % Theobromine trong mu phn tch.
14. Cn 1,7950 g mt mu qung hematit (Fe 2O3) em ha tan trong acid H 2SO4 long,
d ri kh hon ton Fe3+ v Fe2+ bng Sn2+. nh mc dung dch thu c bng nc ct
ln 250,00 ml. Chun 20,00 ml dung dch thu c th tiu tn ht 18,65 ml KMnO 4 c
chun TKMnO4 = 1,842 mg/ml.
a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra
b) Tnh %Fe2O3 trong mu qung hematit ni trn.

28

Cho: KMnO4 = 158,04; Fe3O4 = 231,5.


15. Cn 10,62 g l me v x l bng phng php thch hp chit xut lng acid
oxalic c trong mu. oxy ha va lng acid oxalic ny thnh CO 2 cn dng 36,44 ml
FeCl3 0,0130 M. Tnh % H2C2O4 trong mu l me phn tch, bit rng phn ng gia Fe 3+ v
H2C2O4 nh sau: 2 Fe3+ + H2C2O4 + 2 H2O = 2 Fe2+ + 2 CO2 + 2 H3O+
16. xc nh hm lng CO trong khng kh, ngi ta ht 4,79 lt khng kh i qua
mt ng thu mu cha I2O5 to thnh CO2 v I2. Lng I2 c loi khi ng thu mu
bng cch un nng ri cho I2 hp th vo dung dch cha KI d to thnh I 3- (tc I2.I-)
Chun lng I3- ny vi ch th h tinh bt th tiu tn ht 7,17 ml Na2S2O3 0,0032 M.
a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
b) Tnh ppm CO ca mu khng kh em phn tch. Cho: CO = 28
Phn 4. Tnh bc nhy, im tng ng ca qu trnh chun
1. a) Tnh pH ti im tng ng v ca cc trng hp chun sau :
- Chun dung dch HNO3 0,02 M bng dung dch NaOH 0,02 M
- Chun dung dch HCOOH 0,1 M bng dung dch NaOH 0,1 M
- Chun dung dch NH4OH 0,1 M bng dung dch HCl 0,1 M.
b) C th dng ch th no trong cc ch th sau pht hin T ca cc php chun
ni trn: Metyl da cam (pT = 4) ; Metyl (pT = 5) ; Phenolphtalein (pT = 9) ?
Cho bit : pKHCOOH = 3,74 ; pKNH4OH = 4,75.
2. Chun dung dch taurine 0,1 M bng NaOH 0,1 M. Cn chn ch th c pT bng
bao nhiu sai s ch th khng qu 0,2% ?
Cho bit taurine l mt acid amin c pKa = 8,74.
3. Chun dung dch n baz yu Dimethylamin 2.102 M bng HCl 2.10 2 M.
Cn chn ch th c pT bng bao nhiu sai s ch th khng qu 0,1%?
Cho bit: Dimethylamin c pKB = 3,02
4. Chun dung dch acid tricloroactic (CCl 3-COOH) nng 0,02 M bng NaOH c
cng nng .
a) Tnh hng s acid ca CCl 3-COOH bit rng khi chun c 90% th pH ca
dung dch bng 1,65.
b) Cn chn ch th c pT bng bao nhiu sai s ch th ca php chun khng
vt qu 0,1% ?
5. Chun 10,00 ml dung dch acid monochloro acetic ClCH2COOH (pKa = 2,86) c
nng 0,02 M bng dung dch KOH c chun TKOH = 5,6.10 4 g/ml.
a) Tnh th tch KOH cn dng t ti im tng ng.
b) Ch th no sau y l tt nht nhn ra im tng ng ca php chun ni
trn: Metyl (pT = 5); Cresol (pT = 8); Phenolphtalein (pT = 9)

29

6. Chun dung dch baz etylamin (C2H5NH2) nng 0,2 M bng HCl 0,2 M.
a) Tnh hng s baz ca etylamin, bit rng pH dung dch ti im tng ng l
5,48.
b) Cn chn ch th c pT bng bao nhiu sai s ch th ca php chun khng
qu 0,1% ?
7. Chun 50,00 ml baz metylamin (CH3NH2) th tiu tn ht 25,00 ml HCl 0,1 M
t ti im tng ng.
a) Tnh nng mol ca dung dch CH3NH2 em chun .
b) Ch th no sau y l tt nht nhn ra im tng ng ca php chun ni
trn: Bromocresol xanh (pKa = 4,66); Bromocresol tm (pKa = 6,12); Phenol (pKa =
7,81); Phenolphtalein (pKa = 9,40).
Cho bit: Metylamin c Kb = 4,35.10 4
8. Chun dung dch acid salisylic C6H4(OH)COOH 0,1 M bng KOH 0,1M.
a) Tnh hng s acid ca acid salysilic, bit rng khi chun c 50% th pH dung
dch c gi tr bng 2,97.
b) Cn chn ch th c pT bng bao nhiu sai s ch th ca php chun khng
vt qu 0,1% ?
9. Chun dung dch acid butyric (C3H7COOH) nng 0,1 M bng KOH 0,1 M.
a) Tnh hng s acid ca acid butyric bit rng khi chun c 90% th pH ca
dung dch bng 5,77.
b) Cn chn ch th c pT bng bao nhiu sai s ch th ca php chun khng
vt qu 0,1% ?
10. Tnh pH ca dung dch H3PO4 c nng 4 M.
pH dung dch trn s thay i ra sao khi thm 20 mL; 40 mL NaOH 2 M vo 10 mL
dung dch H3PO4 4 M.
Cho bit H3PO4 c cc hng s acid ln lt l: pKa1,2,3 = 2,12; 7,21 v 12,36.
11. a) Trnh by cch pha ch 100 ml dung dch ch th Bromocresol xanh 0,1% w/v
trong etanol 20% v/v t cc ha cht sau: Bromocresol xanh (tinh th), etanol 96% v/v,
nc ct.
b) Nh vi git ch th Bromocresol xanh va pha ch vo 50 ml dung dch
CH3COOH 0,2 N th dung dch c mu g?
Mu sc ca dung dch ni trn s thay i nh th no khi thm vo ln lt 25;
50 v 150 ml NaOH 0,2 N ?
Cho bit khong pH chuyn mu ca Bromocresol xanh l 4,0 5,6.

30

12. a) Hy pha ch 100 ml dung dch ch th Tashiro dng trong php chun m
tng s bng phng php Kjeldahl. Bit rng ch th ny l hn hp 1:1 v/v ca dung dch
Metyl 0,1% w/v v Xanh Metylen 0,1% w/v trong dung mi nc.
(Metyl v Xanh Metylen u dng tinh th)
b) Nh vi git ch th Tashiro va pha ch vo 100,00 ml dung dch NH 4OH 1 N th
dung dch c mu g ? Mu sc ca dung dch ni trn s thay i nh th no khi thm vo
ln lt 99,90; 100,00 v 100,10 ml HCl 1 N ? Cho bit khong pH chuyn mu ca
Metyl l 4,4 - 6,2.
11. Chun dung dch acid citric 0,01 M bng NaOH 0,01 M.
a) Tnh pH ca dung dch cc im tng ng.
b) C th nhn ra cc im tng ng trn bng nhng ch th acid baz no? Vit
phng trnh phn ng chun nu dng phenolphtalein lm ch th.
Bit rng acid citric (C3H5O)(COOH)3 l mt acid yu 3 nc c cc hng s acid ln
lt l: pKa1,2,3 = 3,13; 4,76; 6,40.
12. Chun 20,00 ml dung dch NH 4SCN bng dung dch AgNO3 0,02 M theo
phng php Volhard.
a) Tnh nng dung dch NH4SCN em chun, bit rng th tch AgNO 3 cn dng
t ti im tng ng l 10,00 ml.
b) Cn kt thc chun trong khong pAg bng bao nhiu sai s chun
khng qu 0,1%? Cho bit: TAgSCN = 10-12
.
13. Chun dung dch NaBr 0,2 M bng dung dch AgNO3 c cng nng .
a) Cn kt thc chun pAg bng bao nhiu php chun khng mc sai s
im cui?
b) sai s im cui ca php chun khng vt qu 0,1% th phi kt thc
chun trong khong pAg bng bao nhiu?
Cho bit : TAgBr = 10-12
14. Chun 20,00 mL dung dch Fe3+ 0,1 M bng dung dch Ti3+ 0,1 M.
a) Vit phng trnh phn ng chun . Tnh th tch dung dch Ti 3+ cn dng
t ti im tng ng.
b) Cn kt thc chun th bng bao nhiu sai s chun khng vt
qu 0,1%? Cho bit th tiu chun ca cc cp Fe 3+/Fe2+ v TiO2+/Ti3+ ln lt
l 0,77 V v 0,10 V.
15. Chun 20,00 ml dung dch Fe3+ 0,05 M bng dung dch Ti2+ 0,02 M.
a) Tnh th tch dung dch Ti2+ cn dng t ti im tng ng
b) Cn chn ch th oxy ha-kh no sai s ch th ca php chun khng vt
qu 0,1% ? Cho bit: E0Fe 3+/Fe 2+= + 0,77 V; E0Ti 3+/Ti 2+ = - 0,37 V

31

16. Chun dung dch Ti3+ bng dung dch Fe3+ trong mi trng c pH = 0.
a) Tnh bc nhy th ca ng nh phn.
b) Cn chn ch th oxy ha-kh no sai s ch th khng qu 0,1% ? Mu sc
dung dch thay i ra sao im tng tng ?
Cho bit th tiu chun ca cc cp TiO2+, H+/Ti3+, H2O v Fe3+/Fe2+ ln lt l:
E01 = + 0,10 V ; E02 = + 0,77 V
Phn 5. Phng php o quang UV-Vis
1. hp th ca mt dung dch chun cha 50 ppm Bi 3+ (sau khi c to phc vi
Thiourea) o 470 nm, cuvet 1,00 cm l 0,570. Ly 5,00 ml dung dch phn tch X cha
Bi3+cho to phc vi Thiourea ri nh mc thnh 25,00 ml. Dung dch ny c o quang
trong cng iu kin nh trn th cho gi tr hp th l 0,466.
a) Tnh h s hp th mol ca phc gia Bi3+ v Thiourea 470 nm.
b) Tnh hm lng Bi3+ theo ppm v mol/ltc trong dung dch X. Cho Bi = 209.
2. xc nh hm lng Fe 3+ trong mt mu nc thi, ngi ta ly 2 bnh nh mc
50 ml v tin hnh nh sau :
- Bnh 1: cho 2 ml mu nc thi
- Bnh 2: cho 5 ml dung dch chun cha 100 ppm Fe3+
Thm vo cc bnh trn ln lt 1ml HNO 3 1:1 (v/v), 5 ml NH4SCN 10%, ri nh mc
n vch. hp th ca dung dch mu v dung dch chun (o cng iu kin) l 0,240
v 0,480.
a) Trnh by cch chun b dung dch nn trong php o quang ni trn
b) Tnh hm lng Fe3+ trong mu nc thi phn tch theo n v ppm v mol/lt.
Cho : Fe = 56
3. Cn 50,0358 g mu tm ng lnh em v c ha v ha tan thnh 100 ml. Ly 5 ml
dung dch thu c em to phc vi thuc th dithizon pH = 9 - 10 ri chit sang 10 ml
CCl4 v o quang 525 nm, cuvet 1 cm th c gi tr hp th l 0,534.
Mt khc, 5 ml dung dch chun Pb 2+ nng 10 g/ml cng c em to phc vi
dithizon ri chit sang 10 ml CCl4 v o quang trong iu kin y ht nh trn th c hp
th l 0,467. Tnh ppm Pb (w/w) ca mu tm ng lnh ni trn
4. Ha tan 1,6820 g mt mu hp kim ng thau (ch cha Cu v Zn) trong HNO 3 c,
d thnh dung dch cha Cu2+ v Zn2+ ri nh mc n 1000 mL bng nc ct. hp th
ca dung dch Cu2+ thu c (o 795 nm, cuvet 1cm) l 1,090. Mt khc, mt dung dch
Cu2+ c nng 5 mM cng c o quang trong iu kin y ht nh trn th c hp th
l 0,320. Tnh % Cu (w/w)v %Zn w/w) trong mu hp kim em phn tch. Cho: Cu = 64.

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