Ceramics

A wide-ranging group of materials whose ingredients are clays, sand and felspar.

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What is Ceramic?
Ceramics are classified as inorganic and nonmetallic materials that are essential to our daily lifestyle. Ceramics are generally made by taking mixtures of clay, earthen elements, powders, and water and shaping them into desired forms. Once the ceramic has been shaped, it is fired in a high temperature oven known as a kiln. Ceramics are all around us. This category of materials includes things like tile, bricks, plates, glass, and toilets.

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History of Ceramics
The word "ceramic" comes from the Greek word (keramikos), "of
pottery" or "for pottery", from (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery" Ceramics have been around for thousands of years with their proof in some excavations of ancient tombs and cities. The ceramics we know today date back to around 24,000 BC when the first clay animals and pottery were found. It is believed that these were used in rituals during that time and were very sacred. As civilization moved forward and people needed certain utensils, ceramics made a very good tool. About 10,000 years later there were many people who used tiles in Mesopotamia and India and there were many vessels used for water and food storage. This actually became an invention that was based on need.

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The earliest ceramics were pottery objects or 27,000 year old figurines made from clay, either by itself or mixed with other materials, hardened in fire In the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering; for example, in semiconductors.

The word "ceramic" comes from the Greek word (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",from (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".

CERAMIC PRODUCTS Jeremy Lee F. Agbay / Jessa May A. Gabion BUILDING TECHNOLOGY-1/9:00-10:00AM

Ceramic Properties:
high

temperature stability high hardness brittleness high mechanical strength low elongation under application of stress low thermal and electrical conductivities

Electrical outlet (above foto) and cover for electrical plug (lower foto)

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Types and applications of Ceramics:

1. Structural clay products (the word structural here does not mean load-bearing, but means used for building construction, either for load-bearing or nonloadbearing/aesthetic purposes)

-ceramic products intended for use in building construction. There is a wide variety of structural clay products, broadly classified as facing materials, load-bearing materials, paving materials, roofing tile, and chemically resistant materials.

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Facing materials (non-structural)

Face brick

Terra cotta

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Load-bearing materials
Building bricks Structural tile for flooring

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Paving materials
Light traffic pavers, paver blocks (for sidewalks, public plazas, landscape design treatments)

Quarry tile

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Roofing tiles (clay roof, tegula)

Chemically resistant materials

Drain tile

Flue liner (for chimneys)

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2. Whitewares - any of a broad class of ceramic products that are white to off-white in appearance and frequently contain a significant vitreous, or glassy, component.

Fine china dinnerware

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Lavatory sinks

Water closet

Others: bathtubs, bidets

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3. Refractories
- any material that has an unusually high melting point and that maintains its structural properties at very high temperatures. Composed principally of ceramics, refractories are employed in great quantities in the kiln/ovens, metallurgical, glassmaking, and ceramics industries.

Fireclay bricks

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4. Glasses
- In some glasses it is possible to bring about a certain degree of crystallization in the normally random atomic structure. Glassy materials that exhibit such a structure are called glass ceramic.
Flat glass

Container glass

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5. Abrasives
-sharp, hard material used to wear away the surface of softer, less resistant materials. Also used in grinding, cutting, polishing, lapping, or pressure blasting of materials. Classifications are Natural and Synthetic. Synthetic: Natural:

Garnet

Diamond

Silicon carbide
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6. Cements - Used to produce concrete roads, bridges,buildings, dams, and the like.

7. Advanced ceramics - substances and processes used in the

development and manufacture of ceramic materials that exhibit special properties.

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