Chapter Seven Test: 7th PERIOD STUDENT RESPONSE (Student Test Grade: 97 %) IV.

Short Answer Directions: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 49. What is the Divine Right of Kings? Use evidence from the speech we read in class to explain what the diving right of kings is, who made the speech and believed in it, and what kind of monarchy is this related to? (Constitutional or Absolutist)
The Divine Right of Kings is the belief that God chooses who gets to rule and that they rule only for him. The speech stated somewhere along the lines that, I have been gifted the throne by God and will rule for him to bring him honor. This of course in not an exact quote. The speech was written by James I and is related to an absolute monarchy.

50. How are the political philosophies of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke different?
Thomas Hobbes believed that an absolute monarchy is a good idea. He expressed his opinion in The Leviathan and believed that before absolutism, life was poor, lonely, and disorganized. John Locke was the opposite. He believed that government should be a way to preserve natural rights, or rights you are born with (Life, liberty, and property) and that before, human life was organized and happy.

51. Consider the absolutist rule of Louis XIV and Peter the Great. How are they similar? How are they different? Was their absolutist response effective in their country?
Louis XIV and Peter the Great are the two best examples of absolute rulers. They both had complete power in their countries, but they were also very different. Louis XIV was very focused on his image and maintaining all political power. He built the Palace of Versailles to show his power, he called himself the Sun King, and in all his reign, he never called upon the Estates General. Peter the Great however was not focused on his image. He was more focused on the image of his country. He tried to Westernize or Europeanize Russia. He changed many customs and reorganized the country to try to make them more powerful and prosperous, while Louis XIV left France in debt from all his spending. While the two focused on different things, they are both the greatest absolutist monarch in the history of their country.

52. How does this picture of Louis XIV fit in to our discussion of art in Versailles and how Louis would use art for myth building?
The art in Versailles was used to show off the power of Louis XIV. It was found all throughout the palace and generally portrayed itself as a myth. In this painting Louis is shown as Apollo, the Sun God. There is a lot of symbolism just in this portrayal. First of all, it is making him out to look like a god. There is a relationship between the titles, the Sun King and the Sun God. Second of all, the sun part of these titles means control. The sun allows all things to grow and everything revolves around it. Louis XIV believed this about himself. This is how he would use art for myth building. The myths made him seem like a more powerful ruler, so therefore he used this concept constantly.