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Ngi b vp ng l ngi dm liu mnh. Qua cch h i ph vi sai lm, ta c th on dc
cch h gii quyt kh khn trong tng lai.
(Bill Gates)
Khng c con ng thnh cng no ri y hoa hng .Trong cuc sng cng nh torng hc tp
t c thnh cng ai cng phi tri qua i ln tht bi nhng bn vt qua nhng tht bi
nh th no, cch thc bn vt ln trn bn thn mnh ra sao mi l iu quan trng.

Mt ngi c nh gi l thnh cng da trn thnh qu t c ch khng phi l nhng sai
lm trn hnh trnh chinh phc c miu bn cn lm l gii quyt kh khn ch khng phi
l ln trnh, phi bit liu mnh vt qua bi v ch c nhng tri nghim thc t mi lm cho ta
ln dn v tm ra c nhng phng thc mi ti u hn. Thc t l con ng mn c
ngi khc khai hoang th kh an ton, nhng chng th no mang li cho bn nhng iu th v
so vi chnh bn t khm ph, t tm ti, sng to, v l ci tuyt m trong hc tp, trong kh
nng t duy v tr tu vn c ca con ngi .

Vy chng ta phi lm sao khc phc nhng sai lm ? Cch tt nht l hy tin ti s n gin
v hon ho bn thn. gim i nhng sai lm cng nh vic tin ti hai t n gin cun
sch TUYN TP HA HC s l mt phng tin hu ch cho cc bn, gip bn : Kt ta
nim vui, bay hi ni bun vthng hoa tr tu

Ban bin tp tuyn chn nhng bi t cc topic trn din n http://boxmath.vn .
Bng tt c s chn thnh v lng nhit huyt, chng ti hi vng y s l mt phn hnh trang
gip ch nhiu cho bn trn hnh trnh tr thnh tn sinh vin sp ti . Hy bt u t nhng th
n gin nht, hy qu kh l kinh nghim, hin ti l b phng v tng lai tt nhin s l ch
ta hng n vi tt c nhng ngt ngo ca thnh cng.

Hy vng cun sch s hu ch khng ch cho cc bn hc sinh, m cn c cc bc ph huynh, thy c gio.

V trong qu trnh bin son khng th trnh khi sai st, rt mong cc bn thng cm mi gp xin gi
v ban bin tp theo a ch : duyhien2110@yahoo.com.vn

Xin chn thnh cm n!
Tng ch bin.

Phm Duy Hin duyhien2110.
.
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1. Phm Duy Hin (2009 2012 ) Trng THPT L Hng Phong Ph Yn.
2. ng Nguyn Duy Nhn (2009 2012) Trng THPT So Nam Qung Nam.
3. V Huy Hong - (2009 2012) Trng THPT Ty Thy Anh - Thi Bnh.
Trnh by ba: Phm Tun Khi
Li ni u: Trn Th Thy Dng - (2009 2012 ) Trng THPT Chuyn Nguyn
Quang Diu ng Thp.
Chu trch nhim trnh by, son tho: Phm Duy Hin.

Trang ba Trang 1

Li ni u Trang 2.

Ban bin tp Trang 3.

Mc lc Trang 3.

Phn A. S lc l thuyt Trang 4.

Phn B. Bi tp Trang 10.

Chng I. Ha V c Trang 10.

Chng II. Ha Hu c. Trang 49.

Chng III. Chuyn S phn ng v phng trnh. Trang 73.

Chng IV. Mt s bi tp c hng dn gii. Trang 78.

Chng V. Nhng bi tp ha mang thng hiu ca boxmath. Trang 93.



















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MT S NH LUT TRONG GII TON HA HC V MT S PHNG PHP GII.
I. nh lut bo ton nguyn t v nh lut bo ton khi lng.
1. Pht biu.
- Trong phn ng ha hc th cc nguyn t v khi lng ca cc nguyn t lun lun c bo ton, ngha l
nguyn t v khi lng nguyn t khng mt i m chuyn t cht ny sang cht khc.
2. H qu.
a. Ngoi tr cc phn ng ht nhn, khng c mt phn ng ha hc no lmmt i hay xut hin cc nguyn t l.
b. Trong phn ng ha hc, tng khi lng cc cht tham gia phn ng bng tng khi lng cc cht to thnh.(
y l nh lut bo ton khi lng do Lmnxp v Lauvisier tmra vo th k XVIII)
Phng php ny cn m rng cho mt s trng hp khng phi l nguyn t.
V d nh bo ton lin kt hay nh lut bo ton electron ( ta xt n trong mt s phng php gii).
Sau y l mt s v d.
V d 1. Trong mt bnh kn dung tch 16 lt cha hn hp hi ba ru n chc A, B, C v 13,44gam kh
2
O , nhit
v p sut trong bnh l 109,2
o
C v 0,98 atm. Bt tia la in t chy ht ru, sau a nhit bnh v
136
o
C , p sut trong bnh lc ny l P. Cho Tt c cc kh trong bnh sau khi t chy ln lt i qua bnh 1 ng
2 4
H SO c, bnh 2 ng KOH c. Sau th nghim thy khi lng bnh 1 tng ln 3,78gam, cn bnh 2 tng
6,16gam
a. Tnh p sut P
b. Tnh cng thc phn t ca cc ru A, B, C bit rng B, C c cng s nguyn t cacbon v s mol ca ru A
bng 5/3 tng s mol ca cc ru B v C.
Li gii.
Cch 1.
Tng s mol ca cc kh trong bnh kn.
. 16.0,98
0,5
. (109,2273).0,082
PV
n mol
RT
= = = ; S mol
2
O l
13,44
32

tng s mol 3 ru , , :0,5 0,42 0,08 A B C = mol
a) Gi
7 " "
, ,
x x y x y
y
C H OH C H OH C H OH

' '
l cng thc ca A, B, C v a, b, l cc s mol tng ng.
2 2 2
1 1
4 4 2
x y
y y
C H OH x O xCO H O
+ | |
+ + +
|
\ .
a
2 2 2
1 1
4 4 2
x y
y y
C H OH x O x CO H O
' '
' ' + | |
' ' + + +
|
\ .
b
" 2 " 2 2
" " 1 1
4 4 2
" "
x y
y y
C H OH x O x CO H O
+ | |
+ + +
|
\ .
c
Ta c: 0,08 a b c + + =
S mol
2
CO thot ra:
' "
6,16
0,14
44
xa x b x c mol + + = =
" 1 1 1
0,21
2 2 2
y y y
a b c mol
' + + + | | | | | |
+ + =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
0,34 " ya y b y c ' + + =
s mol
2
O cn dng t chy A,B,C:
" 1 1 1
4 4 4
"
4 4 4
y y y
x a x b x c
'
| | | | | |
' + + + + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

0,14 0,0085 0,02 0,205
4
"
"
4
ya y b y c a b c
xa x b x c mol
' + + + +
' = + + + = + =
S mol
2
O d: 0,42 0,205 0,215 =
Vy s mol sau khi phn ng:
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Trang 5
2 2 2
0,14 0,21 0,215 0,565
CO H O O d
n n n mol

+ + = + + =
Ta c:
. 0,082(136,5 237).0,565
1,186
16
PV RTn
n P P atm
RT V
+
= = = =
Vy p sut sau phn ng l 1,186atm
b. Do s cacbon ca B, C bng nhau nn ta gi
2 1 2 n n x
C H OH
+
-----
2 1 2 m m y
C H OH
+
-----
2 1 2 m m z
C H OH
+

(A)---------------------------(B)----------------------------(C)
L cng thc ca ru A, B, C trong x, y, z l s ni i trong mch hirocacbonv a, b, c l s mol tng ng ca
3 ru.Phn ng t chy ru:
2 1 2 2 2 2
3
( 1 )
2
n n x
n x
C H OH O nCO n x H O
+

+ + +
2 1 2 2 2
3
( 1 )
2
m m y
m y
C H OH O m y H O
+

+
2 1 2 2 2
3
( 1 )
2
m m z
m z
C H OH O m z H O
+

+
Ta c tng s mol 3 ru: 0,08 a b c + + = (1)
Do:
5 5
( ) ( )
3 3
A B C
n n n a b c = + = + (2)
S mol
2
: ( ) 0,14 CO na m b c + + = (3)
S mol
2
:( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 0,21 H O n x a m y b m z c + + + + + = (4)
( ) 0,21 na m b c a b c xa yb zc + + + + + =
0,01 xa yb zc + + =
T (1)(2) 0,05 a = v 0,03 b c + =

T (3) 0,05 0,03 0,14 5 3 14 n m n m + = + =
n 1 2 3
m 3 L m
1, 3 n m = = Ru ( ) A ch c 1C, ru ( ),( ) B C c 3C
Do (A) ch c 1C nn khng c ni i hay ni ba trong mch (A) l ru n no,suy ra: x = 0 Vy cng thc
3
( ): A CH OH
T (5) yb +zc =0,01(*)Cng thc ca (B), (C):
3 7 2 3 7 2
,
y z
C H OH C H OH


B, C c th l ru n no, ru n c mt ni i hoc ru n c 1 ni ba. Do B, C c th l mt trong cc
trng hp sau:
B, C l 2 ru n no khng cha ni i, ni baLc ta suy ra t (*): 0, 0 y z = =
Thay vo (4) ( ) 0,22 0,21 na m b c a b c xa yb zc + + + + + = = (khng tha mn).
(B), (C) c th l 1 ru n no v 1 ru c mt ni i, suy ra trong phn t (C)c cha 1 ni i
0, 1 y z = = T ( * ) 0,01 0,01; 0,02 yb zc c b + = = = (tha mn)
Vy cng thc ca (B), (C) l:
3 7
C H OH v
3 5
C H OH
(B), (C) l 2 ru n no c ni i 1 y z = = Lc 0,01?0,03 yb zc b c + = + = (loi)
(B), (C) l 2 ru n c 1 ni ba 2 y z = = T ( * ) 2( ) 0,01 0,005 b c b c + = + = (loi)
(B) c 1 ni i, (C) c mt ni ba.
T ( * ) 2 0,01 0,03 0,03 0,03 0,01 b c b c b c c + = + = = + = (loi)
(B) c mt ni ba, (C) l ru n no. Lc 2, 0 y z = =
T ( * ) 2 0,01 yb zc b + = =
0,005 b = 0,025 c = (tha mn)
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Cng thc ( ),( ) B C l:
3 3 3 7
, C H OH C H OH
Vy cng thc ca (A):
3
CH OH , cng thc ca ( ) B v ( ) C l:
3 7
C H OH
v
3 5
C H OH hoc
3 7
C H OH v
3 3
C H OH
Cch 2.
a.Tnh ra: 0,08
Ancol
n mol =
2
0,14
CO
n mol = v
2
0,21
H O
n mol =
nh lut bo ton O: Suy ra
2
O phn ng l: 0,205
Pu
n mol =
Do : 0,215
du
n mol =
0,21 0,215 0,14 0,565
s
n au mol = + + =

0,39.0,082.409
1,1843
16
P atm = =
b. S C trung bnh: 1,75
C
N = suy ra A phi l
3
: CH OH amol
(V B v C c cng s C)
Gi B v C: :
n y
C H O bmol
H: 0,08 a b + = ; 3 5 a b =
Suy ra: 0,05 a = v 0,03 b =
Ta c: 0,05 0,03 0,14 3 n n + = > =
2.0,05 0,03. 0,21 7,33
2
y
y + = > =
Suy ra:
3 6
C H O v
3 8
C H O
Hoc:
3 4
C H O hoc
3 8
C H O
V d 2. Nung 004 mol axetilen; 0,13 mol mol vinylaxetilen; 0, 03 mol etilen v 0, 23 mol hidro trong 1 bnh kn vi
1 t bt Ni nhit cao n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp Y c t khi hi so vi
2
H l
22,75.Dn hn hp Y i qua bnh ng 1 lng d dung dch
3 3
/ AgNO NH thu c m gamkt ta v 3.584 lt hn
hp kh Z(ktc) thot ra khi bnh.Bit t khi hi ca Z i vi
2
H l 22.75.Th tch dung dch
2
Br 0.5M nh nht
cn dng lmno hon ton hn hp Z l:
A.0,16(l) B.0,32(l) C.0,08(l) D.0,64(l)
Li gii:
45,5
Y
M = do
2
H ht.
Ta c 0,04 0,13 0,03 0,2 45,5.0,2 9,1
Y Y
n mol m g = + + = > = =
0,16 7,28
Z Z
n mol m g = > =
Gi x,y l s mol ca
2 2
C H v
4 4
C H d.
ta c: 0,04 x y + = v 26 52 1,82 x y + = 0,01; 0,03 x y > = =
Nh vy ban u tng s mol lin kt pi l: 0,03.2 0,1.3 0,03 0,39 n mol = + + =

S lin kt pi b bo ho l: 0,23mol
Cn li:0,16mol
Nh vy: 0,32( ) V l B = .
II.nh lut bo ton in tch v nh lut bo ton eletron.
1. Dnh lut bo ton in tch.
Pht biu th nht.Trong mt dung dch, tng in tch dng bng tng in tch m.
Pht biu th hai: Trong mt phn ng ion rt gn th tng in tch cc ion trc phn ng bng tng in tch cc
ion sau phn ng.
H qu:
H qu 1. Trong mt dung dch th tng s mol in tch m bng tng s mol in tch dng.
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V d: Trong mt dung dch gm a(mol) ion
2
Ca
+
; b(mol)
3
Fe
+
v c(mol)
2
4
SO

th in tch dng l
2 3 ( ) a b mol +
V ca in tch m l 2 ( ) c mol
Ta c ngay 2 3 2 a b c + = .
H qu 2. Cn bng phn ng ion rt gn.
Vi nhng phn ng oxi ha kh vi phc tp cao v c vit di dng phng trnh ion rt gn th ta phi nh
n phng php ion rt gn.
V d: Phn ng ha tan Al trong
3
NO OH

+
Phn ng xy ra:
2 3 4 3
[ ( ) ] H O Al OH NO Al OH NH

+ + + +
Trc tin ta c Al nhng 3 electron cn N nhn 8 electron.
Do in cc s 8 v 3 vo Al v
3
NH nh vy phi c 3
3
NO

3 2 4 3
8 3 8[ ( ) ] 3 Al OH NO H O Al OH NH

+ + + +
Tip theo ng dng LBT in tch:
Tng in tch sau l 8 , nh vy in tch trc cng phi l 8
Suy ra phi c 5OH

.
3 2 4 3
8 5 3 8[ ( ) ] 3 Al OH NO H O Al OH NH

+ + + +
Tip tc cn bng oxi v H ta c :
3 2 4 3
8 5 3 18 8[ ( ) ] 3 Al OH NO H O Al OH NH

+ + + + .
Tt nhin l c nhiu cch cn bng khc nhau cho mt phng trnh, mnh ch xin gii thiu phng php ny cc
bn c th cn bng cc phng trnh ion rt gn mt cch nhanh nht.
2. nh lut bo ton eletron.
Pht biu: Trong mt phn ng oxi ha kh, tng s electron nhng bng tng s electron nhn.
H qu: iu ny dn n s mol electron nhng bng s mol eletron nhn.
V d: Nung 16,8 g Fe trong khng kh sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp X, Cho X tc dng vi HCl va
thy thot ra 1,12(l) kh khng mu (ktc) v dung dch Y. Cht rn cn li ha tan trong dung dch Z l
4
KMnO ,
thy cn dng lng Z ng bng lng phn ng vi Y. Nu ly ton b X phn ng vi
3
HNO c nng d
th th tch kh
2
NO sinh ra iu kin tiu chun l bao nhiu??
Li gii:
Ta c: Trong Y Fe d l
2 2
0,05( )
Fe FeCl H
n n n mol = = =
Khi cho Y vo Z th phn ng gia
2
FeCl v
4
KMnO xy ra.
Ta c
2
FeCl nhng 0,05 0,05.2 0,15( )
e
n mol = + = .
Nh vy s mol m cht rn cn li nhng cng ng bng 0,15( ) mol v dng cng mt lng Y.
Khng mt tnh tng qut ta gi s trong X c , Fe FeO v
2 3
Fe O .
Khi 0,15( )
FeO
n mol = do c FeO thamgia phn ng.
T
2
0,05.3 0,15 6,72( )
NO e
n n l = = + = .
III. Mt s phng php gii:
T cc d kin ca bi, ta c th d dng nhn ra cc du hiu nhn bit ca cc phng php gii ton quen
thuc. l:
Phng php i s thng thng
Phng php a thm s liu
Phng php trung bnh v k thut ng cho
Phng php ng cho
Phng php phn tch h s v ng dng
Phng php bo ton nguyn t v khi lng
bt bo ha k
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Tt nhin l y cc phng php ny an xen ln nhau v kh c th phn bit rch ri vi nhau, ng thi, cng
c kh c th ch dng mt phng php m c th gii quyt trn vn c bi ton.
V d:Hn hp X gm
2 2 2 6
, C H C H v
3 6
C H . t chy hon ton 24,8g hn hp X thu c 28,8g nc. Mt
khc 0,5 mol hn hp ny tc dng va vi 500g dung dch Brom 20%. Tnh % v th tch ca mi kh trong
hn hp
Ta c ngay
2
1,6( )
H O
n mol = v
2
0,625( )
Br
n mol =
Cch 1: Phng php i s thng thng (y l cch lm thng thng m hc sinh no cng tng c bit v
c l l khng di 70% hc sinh gii bi ton ny bng cch ny)
Gi s mol cc kh trong 24,8 gam hn hp X ln lt l x, y, z mol
v s mol cc kh trong 0,5 mol hn hp X ln lt l kx, ky, kz mol
T gi thit, ta c h phng trnh:
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 6 3 6
26 30 42 24,8
0,4
3 3 1,6 % 50%
0,2
0,5 % % 25%
1,6
2 0,625
C H
C H C H
x y z g
x mol
x y z mol V
y z mol
kx ky kz mol V V
k
kx kz mol
+ + =
=

+ + = =

= =

+ + = = =

=

+ =

Cch 2: Phng php a thm s liu
Hn hp X theo bi l mt hn hp ng nht, t l gia cc thnh phn kh trong hn hp l khng i, do ,
KLPT trung bnh ca hn hp M l mt gi tr khng i.
Ta dng phng php a thm s liu: gi x, y, z ln lt l s mol ca ba kh trong 1 mol hn hp X. T gi thit,
ta c h phng trnh:
( )
( )
( )
( )
1
0,5
0,625
2 1,25
0,5 0,25
24,8 3 3
26 30 42
1,6
x y z mol
x mol
x z
y z mol
x y z
M x y z

+ + =

=

+ = =

= =

+ +
= + + =

Cch 3: Phng php trung bnh +Phng php bo ton nguyn t v khi lng + Phng php i s
Gi CTPT trung bnh ca c hn hp X l
x y
C H .
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t v khi lng, ta c:
16
21,6( ) 1,8( )
9
C X H C
x
m m m g n mol
y
= = = =
Do , CTPT trung bnh trn c th vit thnh
16
9
x
x
C H .
Do phn ng cng Brom bin Hydrocacbon cho thnh hp cht no, nn CTPT ca sn phm l:
16 2
2
9 9
x
x x
C H Br
+
vi
2 0,625.2 9
2 2,5
9 0,5 4
x x + = = =
Vy CTPT trung bnh ca hn hp X l
9 4
4
C H .
T y, ta d dng c s mol ca 24,8g X l 0,8 mol. V h phng trnh
( )
( )
( )
0,8
3 3 1,6
2 3 3 1,8
x y z mol
x y z mol
x y z mol
+ + =

+ + =

+ + =

.
V d 2. t chy hon ton 11,6(g) mt hidrocacbon A cn dng 29,12(l) kh
2
O . Xc nh CTPT hidrocacbon.
Bi ton nhn c v rt n gin v sau y l 2 cch gii cho bi ton ny.
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Trang 9
2
1,3( )
O
n mol =
Cch 1.
Gi A
x y
C H
Phng trnh chy:
2 2 2
4
2
2
x y
y y
C H x O CO H O
| |
+ + +
|
\ .

Ta c
4 10
11,6 1,3 4
4 1,6
12 10
4
x
x y C H
y
x y y
x
= = =
+
+
.
Nhng liu c cch no hay hn khng v nhanh na, s dng my tnh m t vit th cng tt.
Cch 2.
Gi
2
( )
CO
n x mol = v
2
( )
H O
n y mol = Ta c ngay
2 1,3.2 0,8
0,8.2 4
44 18 1,3.32 11,6 1 1 10
b b a
x
a b b y
+ = =
= =

+ = + =

.
Bn s thc mc v sao li c phng trnh .
Phng trnh th nht l nh lut bo ton nguyn t oxi cn phng trnh th hai l L bo ton khi lng.
Cch th 2 ta khng cn vit mt phng trnh no c m ch vic bm my tnh l c p n.
( Trch dn thy gio V Khc Ngc)
* S khc bit gia ng c xng ng cho v phn lc.*
Vi mt hn hp trung bnh ca hai cht bit khi lng mol trung bnh ta thng dng phng php ng cho
xc nh t l.
Xt v d: Hn hp A gm
2
N v
2
H c t khi hi so vi He l 1,8. Tnh t l % v khi lng ca
2
N trong
A.
Li gii:
im cht ca bi ton l tmra t l s mol. Ta i tmt l mol.
Cch 1.
x(mol)
2
N c M=28 7,2 2 5,2 =

7,2 M =

y (mol)
2
H c M=2 28 7,2 20,8 =
Suy ra
1
4
x
y
= n y ta c th gi s 1; 4 x y = = gii tip.
Cch th 2. Dng phn lc.
Khng mt tnh tng qu ta gii s 1 x y + =
Ta i n h:
( )
( )
0,25
1
28 2 7,2
0,75
x mol
x y
x y
y mol
=
+ =

+ =
=

Bi ton xem nh hon tt.

Li bnh. gii quyt nhanh cc bi ton thiu bin m lin quan n khi lng trung bnh chng hn ta nn gii
s l tng s mol ca chng bng 1. khng phi tru b p dng ng cho nh trn.
Trn y ch l mt s li khuyn v cc phng php gii, ch l kinh nghim c nhn ca ban bin tp v
su tm ca mt s tc gii khc. Hy vng s mang li hu ch cho cc bn trong cc k thi sp ti.







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Trang 10


Cu 1. Tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm m gamX gm bt Al v
x y
Fe O trong iu kin khng c khng kh, c
hn hp Y. Nghin nh, trn u hn hp B ri chia thnh 2 phn :
- Phn 1 c khi lng 14,49 gam c ho tan ht trong dung dch
3
HNO un nng thu c dung dch C v 0,165
mol NO (sn phm kh duy nht)
- Phn hai tc dng vi dung dch NaOH un nng thy gii phng 0,015 mol kh
2
H v cn li 2,52gam cht rn.
Cng thc ca oxit v gi tr ca m ln lt l:
&19.32 .FeO A gam
2 3
28.9 . & 8 Fe O B gam
3 4
19.3 . & 2 Fe O C gam
3 4
. 28.2 & 9 Fe O D gam
Li gii:
T phn 2 ta suy ra s mol 0,01
Al
n mol = , 0,045
Fe
n mol =
4,5
Fe
Al
n
n
=
Trong phn 1 ta t s mol: ,
Al Fe
n xmol n ymol = =
Ta c: 4,5 y x =
Khi phn ng vi
3
HNO th: 0,165 x y + =
Gii h ra ta c: 0,03 ; 0,135 x mol y mol = =
2 3
14,49 0,03.27 0135.56 6,12
Al O
m g = =
2 3
0,06
Al O
n mol =
0,18
O
n mol =
0,75
Fe
O
n
n
=
3 4
: CT Fe O
Ta c: s mol Fe trong phn 1 gp 3 ln s mol Fe trong phn 2.
4
(0,15.27 0,045.232) 19,32
3
m g = + = p n: C
Cu 2. cho mgamhn hp X gm Fe, FeS tc dng ht vi HCl d thu c V lt kh (dktc). Mt khc, nu cho m
gam hn hp X vo dd
3
HNO d thu c dung dch Y ch cha 1 mui Nitrat v 2V lt hn hp kh gm NO v
2
SO . Thnh phn v khi lng ca Fe trong X l
A. 45,9% B. 54,1% C. 54,9% D. 45,1%
Li gii:
Gi :
Fe
n x ; :
FeS
n y
Ta c : ( ).22,4 V x y = +
3
3 Fe e Fe
+

x------3x
3
2
7 FeS e Fe SO
+
+
y--------7y-------------y
5 2
3 N e N
+ +
+ >
Ta c
3 7
3
NO
x y
n
+
=
3 7
2( )
3
x y
y x y
+
+ = + 3 4 x y = Chn x = 4, y = 3
Ta c %Fe =45,9% A
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 11
Cu 3. Ha tan hon ton mt ming bc kim loi vo mt lng d
3
HNO 15,75% thu dc kh NO duy nht v a
gam dd F trong nng % ca
3
AgNO bng nng % ca
3
HNO d. Thm a gam dd HCl 1,46% vo dd F.
Hi c bao nhiu %
3
AgNO tc dng HCl
A. 68,40 B.62,25 C.58,25 D.65,4
Li gii:
3 3 2
3 4 3 2 Ag HNO AgNO NO H O + > + +
3mol---4mol------3mol-----------1mol
Ta c 324
Ag
m g = ,
3 3
510
AgNO HNO du
m m g = =
3
252
HNO pu
m g =
Suy ra
3
762
HNO bd
m g =
3
4838,095
ddHNO
m g > =
Nh vy khi lng dung dch sau khi cho Ag vo l:
324 4838,095 1.30 5132,095 a g = + =
suy ra
.1,46
74,93
100
HCl
a
m g = =
2,053
HCl
n mol > =
phn ng:
3 3
AgNO HCl AgCl HNO + > +
3
2,053
AgNO pu
n > =
Suy ra: Phn trm phn ng l:
2,053
0,684
3
A = .
Cu 4. Mc ni tip ba bnh in phn: bnh 1 cha
2
CuCl , bnh 2 cha Na2SO4 v bnh 3 cha
3
AgNO ri tin
hnh in phn bng dng in mt chiu. Sau mt thi gian thy cc dng ca bnh 1 thot ra V1 lt hn hp hai
kh c khi so vi khng kh l 2, cn bnh 2 thot ra V2 lt kh, bnh 3 thot ra V3 lit kh. Cc th tch kh o
cng iu kin. Cho bit t l th tch
1 2 3
: : V V V ?
A.
1 2 3
: : 1:1:1 V V V = B.
1 2 3
: : 3: 2: 2 V V V =
C.
1 2 3
: : 6:5:5 V V V = D.
1 2 3
: : 4:3:3 V V V =
Li gii:
V cc bnh c mc ni tip nn
1 2 3
I I I = = (Hi lin quan ti L)
Bnh I:
2
2 2
2 2e
4 4e
Cl Cl
H O H O

+
+

+ +

Theo bi ta tnh c:
2
2
2 2
8
2
Cl
O e
Cl O
n x
n y n y
n n
=

= =

M
1 2 3
e e e
n n n = =
Bnh 2:
2 2
2 2
2e 2O
6
4 4e
H O H H
n y
H O H O

| +
+ +
=

+ +

Bnh 3:
2 2
4 4e 2 H O H O n y
+
|
+ + =
Vy
1 2 3
: : 3:6: 2 V V V =
Trng hp nu ch tnh kh thu c Anot
Ta c Bnh I:
1
3 V y =
Bnh II:
2
2 V y =
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 12
Bnh III:
3
2 V y =
Vy
1 2 3
: : 3: 2: 2 V V V B =
Cu 5. phn ng ht a mol kim loi M cn 1,25a mol
2 4
H SO v sinh ra kh X (sn phm kh duy nht). Ha tan
ht 1,92 gam kim loi M vo dung dch
2 4
H SO to ra 4,48 lt kh X (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Kim loi M l:
A. Fe B. Cu C. Mg D. Al.
Li gii:
Nu M c ha tr 3 vi mui th sau phn ng 1 to
2 4 3
( ) . M SO
1,5 1,25
S
n a a = > v l. So snh vi p n M c ha tr 2.
4
.
StrongMSO
n a =
. .
0,25 .
S trong kh
n a =
m
e
n cho l 2a, nn kh l
2
H S
Vy thay vo ci d kin th 2 ta c
e
n nhn l 0,02.8 0,16 =
M l Mg C
Cu 6. Trong mt bnh kn dung tch 10(l) cha
2
N 27,3
o
C v 0,5atm. Thmvo bnh 9,4 g mt mui nitrat kim
loi X. Nhit phn ht mui ri a nhit v 136,5
o
C , p sut trong bnh l p (atm) v cn li 4g cht rn. Gi tr
ca p l:
A. 5,88 B. 6 C. 5,7 D. 1,52
Li gii.
Xt cc trng hp sau.
TH
1
: Phn ng nhit phn ra mui nitrit
3 2 2
1
( ) (
2
)
2
n n
X NO X NO O
x
x x
+

BTKL ta c
2
16 5,4 0,03375
O
m xn xn = = =
Li c ( 62 ) 9,4 x X n + = Suy ra 9,4 62 0 Xx xn = < (loi)
*TH
2
: Phn ng to ra oxit
3 2 2 2
2 4
2 ( ) 2
2
n n
n
X NO X O nNO O
x nx
x nx
+

+

Suy ra
.46 .32 5,4
4
xn
xn + = Suy ra 0,1 xn =
Li c (2 16 ) 4
2
x
X n + = Suy ra 3,2 Xx = Suy ra 32
X
n
=
Suy ra X l Cu, 0,05 x =
D dng tnh c 1,52 p =
*TH
3

3 2 2
( )
2
2
n
n
nx
x x
X NO X nNO O
nx
+ +

http://boxmath.vn
Trang 13
Suy ra 4 Xx =
.46 .16 5,4 xn xn + = Suy ra 0,087 xn = , do / 46 X x = (loi v khng c kloi no tha mn)
Ch : C cc php tnh khi lng trn do bi cho l Nhit phn ht mui.
p n: D
Cu 7. Ho tan hon ton hn hp X cha
3 4
Fe O v
2
FeS trong 63 gamdung dch
3
HNO thu c 1,568 lt
2
NO duy nht (ktc). Dung dch thu c tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 2M, lc kt ta ri em nung
n khi lng khng i th thu c 9,76 gam cht rn. Nng % ca dung dch
3
HNO ban u l:
A.47,2% B. 42,6% C.46,2% D. 46,6%
Li gii:
Gi:
3 4
Fe O
n xmol = v
2
FeS
n ymol =
Dnh lut bo ton e ta c: 15 0,07 x y + =
Tng s mol Fe:
9,76
3 2.
160
x y + =
Gii h: 0,04 x mol = v 0,002 y mol =
Ta suy ra c s mol ca NaOH phn ng vi
3
0,366 Fe mol
+
=
Nh vy s mol axit d: 0,4 0,366 0,034
H
n mol
+
= =
dd sau gm:
3 2
4 3
, , , Fe H SO NO
+ +

Da vo nh lut bo ton in tch ta suy ra:
3
0,392
NO
n

=
Bo ton nguyn t:
3
0,392 0,07 0,462
HNO
n mol = + =
Nh vy
3
% 46,2%
HNO
C C =
Cu 8. Cho mgamAl ha tan va ht vo dung dch NaOH th thu c dung dch X. Cho m gam
2 3
Al O ha tan
va ht trong dung dch HCl thu c dung dch Y. Trn dung dch X vi dung dch Y th thu c 5,304 gam kt ta
v dung dch Z . C cn dung dch Z thu c bao nhiu gamrn khan:
A.5,4885 B.4,3185 C.5,6535 D.3,8635
Li gii:
Phn ng:
2 3 2 3
3 6 3 4 ( ) NaAlO AlCl H O NaCl Al OH + + > +
4
27 81 27 81
m m m m

Ta c:
4
0,068 1,377
81
m
m = > =
Khi lng mui:
58,5
133,5.( ) 4,3185
51 81 27
muoi
m m m
m = + = Dp n: B
Bi 9. Ha tan ht 10,24 gam Cu bng 200 ml dung dch
3
HNO 3M c dung dch A. Thm 400 ml dung dch
NaOH 1M vo dung dch A. Lc b kt ta, c cn dung dch ri nung cht rn n khi lng khng i thu c
26,44 gamcht rn. S mol
3
HNO phn ng vi Cu l?
A. 0,46(mol) B. 0,56(mol) C. 0,5(mol) D. 0,45(mol)
Li gii:
Gi x l s mol
3
HNO d.
Khi cho NaOH vo:
3 3 2
NaOH HNO NaNO H O + +
3 2 2 3
( ) ( ) NaOH Cu NO Cu OH NaNO + +
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 14
Phn ng nung:
3 2 2
1
2
NaNO NaNO O +
Cht rn gm: : (0,4 0,16.2 ) NaOH x v
2
:(0,16.2 ) NaNO x +
Ta c: 26,44 40.(0,4 0,16.2 ) 69(0,16.2 ) x x = + +
Gii ra: 0,04 x mol =
Kt lun: ( ) 0,56 n mol B =
Bi 10. Cho hn hp A gm :
2 3 2
, , Al O CuO Na O tin hnh cc th nghim sau:
- TN1. Nu cho hn hp A v nc d, khuy k cn li 7,5 gam cht rn ko tan
- TN2. Nu cho thmvo mt lng
2 3
Al O bng 50% lng
2 3
Al O trong hn hp A ban u ri li ho tan vo
nc d. Sau th nghim thy cn li 10,5 gam cht rn khng tan.
- TN3. Nu cho thm vo mt lng
2 3
Al O bng 75% lng
2 3
Al O trong hn hp A ban u ri li ho tan vo
nc d. Sau th nghim thy cn li 12,5 gam cht rn ko tan.
Khi lng
2 3
Al O v CuO trong A ln lt l :
A. 7,5 gam; 8 gam B. 8 gam; 7,5 gam C. 9 gam; 7,5 gam D. 5,1 gam; 8 gam
Li gii:
Khi lng cht rn th nghim 2 v th nghim 3 tng ln so vs th nghim 1 suy ra l
2 3
Al O d
2 3
100
(12,5 10,5). 8( )
25
Al O
m g = =

2 2
2 2 Na O H O Na OH
+
+ +
gi s
2 3
Al O d
2 3 2 2
2 2 Al O OH AlO H O

+ +

2 3
7,5
CuO Al O
m m + =
2
7,5 0,5.8 11,5 12,5 m g => = + = <

2 3
Al O tan ht cn li 7,5 g CuO
Chn B
Cu 10. Cho 0,448 lt kh
3
NH (ktc) i qua ng s ng 16 gam CuO nung nng, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton thu c cht rn X. Cho X vo dung dch
3
HNO c, nng (d) thu c V lt kh (ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
A.8,960. B. 0,448 C. 0,672 D. 1,344

Li gii:
Ta c.
3
0,02
NH
n = 0,2
CuO
n =
Ta c:
0,02 0,2
2 3
<
3 ,
het du
NH CuO
3 2 2
2 3 3 3 NH CuO N Cu H O + + +
0,02 0,03 0,03
2
2 Cu Cu e +
0,03 0,06
5 1 4 N e N + + +
(
2
NO do
3
HNO c, nng nn C b kh xung
2
NO )
0,06 0,06
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 15
( ) 0,06.22,4 1,344 V l D = =
Cu 11. Cho 14,4 gamhn hp Fe,Mg,Cu (c s mol bng nhau) tc dng ht vi dd
3
HNO thu c dung dch X
v 2,688 lt (dktc) hn hp gm 4 kh
2 2 2
, , , N NO N O NO trong 2 kh
2
N v
2
NO c s mol bng nhau. C cn
cn thn dung dch X thu c 58,8 mui khan. Tms mol
3
HNO phn ng.
A. 0,92(mol). B. 0,893(mol). C. 0,864(mol). D. 0,765(mol)
Li gii:
3 3 3 2 3 2 4 3 4 3
( ) ( ) ( )
0,1 0,1 1 0,0125
moi kl Fe NO Mg NO Cu NO NH NO NH NO
n mol n n n mol m g n mol

= > = = = > = > =

V
2
N bng s mol
2
NO nn dng phng php quy i thnh
3 2
N O (a) -> quy i tip thnh:
( ) ( )
2
, a mol NO a mol N O
Gi : ( ) ( )
2
, x mol NO y mol N O
0,12 x y > + = bo ton e: 0,1.(3 2 2) 3 8 0,0125.8 x y + + = + +
Gii h:
0,12 0,072
0,1.(3 2 2) 3 8 0,0125.8 0,048
x y x
x y y
+ = =

+ + = + + =



S mol
3
: HNO
3
0,1.(3 2 2) 0,0125.2 0,072 0,048.2 0,893
HNO N
n n mol = = + + + + + =
B

Cu 12. Ha tan ht 25,4 gam
2
FeCl vo dung dich cha 8 gam
2
Br thu c dung dch X. Ha tan dung dch X
vo NaOH d. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton (trong iu kin khng c khng kh ) thu c m gam kt ta. Gi
tr m l
A. 10,7 B. 21,4 C. 18 D. 19,7
Li gii:
2 2 2 2
3 2 FeCl Br FeCl FeBr + > +
Br ht
dd sau p:
2
( ) :0,1 Fe OH mol

3
( ) :0.1 Fe OH mol
19,7 m g =
Phn ng:
2 2 3 3
6 3 4 2
0,1 0,05
FeCl Br FeCl FeBr + > +


Suy ra
3
0,05.2 0,1( )
Fe
n mol
+
= =
2
0,2 0,05:3.6 0,1( )
Fe du
n mol
+
= =
Suy ra 0,1(107 90) 19,7 m D = + =

Bi 13. Bit rng khi
2
Cu O tc dng vi axit to mui
2
Cu
+
v Cu. Khi t chy hon ton hn hp X gm nhng
lng bng nhau v s mol ca
2
FeS v
2
Cu S , thu c 3,36 lt kh
2
SO (ktc) v cht rn Y gm
2 3
Fe O v
2
Cu O. Hp th ht kh
2
SO thu c bng dung dch nc brom va c dung dch Z c nng long. Cho
ton b Y vo Z, khuy u cho cc phn ng xy ra hon ton th c mgamcht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 6,4 B. 3,2 C. 1,6 D. 0,8
Li gii:
Gi
2 2
FeS Cu S
n n a = =
2 0,15 0,05 a a a + = = (bo ton S)
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 16
( ) ( )
2 3 2
0,025 , 0,05
Fe O Cu O
n mol n mol => = =
2 2 2 2 4
2 2 SO Br H O H SO HBr + + > +
2 4
0.15
H SO
n => =
2 3 2 4 2 4 3 2
3 ( ) 3 Fe O H SO Fe SO H O + > +
2 2 4 2 4
Cu O H SO Cu H O CuSO + > + +
2 4
H SO
n d=0.025, 0.05
Cu
n =
V dd long
ran
3,2 m g B =
Cu 14. Nung mgamhn hp X gm
3
KClO v
4
KMnO thu c cht rn Y v
2
O . Bit
3
KClO phn hy hon
ton, cn
4
KMnO ch b phn hy mt phn. Trong Y c 0,894 gam KCl chim 8,132% theo khi lng. Trn lng
2
O trn vi khng kh theo t l th tch : = 1:3 trong mt bnh kn ta thu c hn hp kh Z. Cho vo bnh 0,528
gamcacbon ri t chy ht cacbon, phn ng hon ton, thu c hn hp kh T gm 3 kh
2 2 2
, , O N CO , trong
2
CO chim 22,92% th tch. Gi tr ca m l
A. 12,59 gam B. 12,53 gam C. 12,70 gam D. 12,91 gam
Li gii:
Trng hp 1:
Phn ng nhit phn :
3 2
2 2 (1) KClO KCl O +
4 2 4 2 2
2 (2) KMnO K MnO MnO O + +
Gi n l tng s mol
2
O thot ra (1),(2). Sau khi trn
2
O vi khng kh ta c:
2
3 .0,2 1,6 ( ) nO n n n mol = + =

Ta c 0,04( ) C mol =

+
2
O d tc 1,6n>0,04 Khi
2
O chy theo phn ng:
2 2
C O CO +
v tng s mol T =0,192(mol)
Cc kh trong T gm
2 2 2
( ) O du N CO + +
(1,6 0,04) 2,4 0,044 0,192 0,048( ) n n n mol + + = > =
12,53( ) ... .. m mol Dap An B => = =>
Trng hp 2.
+Nu
2
O thiu
2
O chy theo phn ng:
2 2
(3) C O CO +
2
2 2 (4) C O CO +

Cc kh trong T gm
2 2
N CO CO + +
2,4 0,044 n n n ' ' + + do tng s mol (2,4 0,044)( ) T n mol = + ,nh vy
2
0,044
( .. )
2
n
nO n ban dau

= +

v
22,92
2,4 0,044 100
n
n
'
=
+

0,0204( ) n mol => = .Vy 11,647( ) m gam =

Bi 15. Cho 49,6(g) hn hp X gm
2 3
, , Cu Fe Fe O vo dung dch
2 4
H SO long d,khuy u cho cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton thy c 2,4(g) kim loi khng tan:v 1,12 lt kh thot ra(ktc) v thu c dd Y. Cho dd
3
NH ti
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 17
d vo dd Y,lc kt ta ri nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i cn li 40(g) cht rn khan.Tnh % khi
lng ca Cu trong hn hp X.
A. 24,19%. B. 25,65%, C. 27,89%. D. 60,12%.
Li gii:
Gi s mol Cu phn ng: ( );
Cu
n a mol =
2 3
( ); ( )
Fe Fe O
n b mol n c mol = =
Ta c:
2
0,05( ) 0,1( )
H e
n mol n mol = =
2 2 2 0,1 a b c + = ( 1 )
Ta c: d 2,4 gam kim loi
64 56 160 47,2 a b c + + = ( 2 )
Ta c: 40 m = gam
2 3
0,25( )
Fe O
n mol =
2 0,5 b c + = ( 3 )
T ( 1,2,3)
0,15
0,1
0,2
a mol
b mol
c mol
=

0,15.64 2,4 12
Cu
m = + = gam
%
12.100%
24,19%
49,6
Cu
m A = =
Bi 16. Cho Al v
2 3
Fe O trn vo nhau thnh hn hp. Nung nng hn hp trong iu kin khng c oxi,sau chia
hn hp thnh 2 phn, phn 1 t hn phn 2 l 134(g).phn 1 ho tan trong kim d c 16,8 lt kh (ktc),phn 2
ho tan trong HCl d thu c 84 ( lt) kh (ktc). xc nh khi lng Fe thu c sau phn ng. (Bit phn ng xy
ra hon ton).
A. 112(g). B. 188,65 (g). C. C A v B ng. D. Tt c u sai.
Li gii:
Phn 1: 0,5 , ( )
Al Fe
n mol n x mol = =
Phn 2: ( ); ( )
Al Fe
n a mol n b mol = =
2 3 2 3
2 2 Al Fe O Fe Al O + > +
1,5 3,75
0,5
56 27 51 0,5.27 56 51 134
a b
b x
a
b a b x x
+ =

+ + =

1,5 3,75
ax 0,5
107 27 107 147,5
a b
b
b a x
+ =

+ =

120
107
0,5
535
1,5 &
534
1,5
200
89
x
x
a a
b
b

=

=

= =


=

=




Cu 17: Dung dch acid fomic 3,00% c khi lng ring l 1,0049 (g/ml) v pH =1,79 . Cn pha long dung dch
ny bao nhiu ln cho in li tng 10 ln:
A. ~ 130 ln B. ~ 80 ln C. ~ 50 ln D. ~ 1000 ln
Li gii:
Gi s c 1(l) dd HCOOH.
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 18
Nng ca [HCOOH]=0,65537M v [H
+
]
79 , 1
10

= M
| |
| |
02475 , 0 = =
+
HCOOH
H

Cn bng: HCOOH

HCOO
-
+H
+
C
o

C
o
- C
o
. C
o
. C
o
.

=
1
.
.
.
2 2 2
o
o o
o
C
C C
C
K
Khi in ly tng 10 ln 10 = :

=
1
.
2
C
K
Suy ra:
( )
( )
( )
( )
3
2
2 2 2
10 . 7163 , 7
1 100
9 1
1
1
1
.
1
.

~

o
o
C
C C C

130
0
~
C
C
ln.
p n A

Cu 18. Cho hn hp X gm a mol N
2
v b mol H
2
, (3a s b) cho vo mt bnh kn dung tch V (l) nhit 70
o
C p
sut l p (atm). Thc hin phn ng sau a v 70
O
C thy p sut lc ny l
0
p (atm). Khong gii hn ca
0
p l:
A. p p s s
0
0 B. p
a
b
p p
a b
a b
. .
0
s s
+

C. p
a
b
p p .
0
s s D. p p p
a b
a b
s s
+

0
.
Li gii:
3a b s do nu phn ng xy ra hon ton th
2
H d.
Nn ta tnh theo
2
N
2 2 3
3 2 N H NH + >
ah----3ah--------2ah
(a-ah)--(b-3ah)-----(2ah)

2
sau
n a b ah = +

T l:
1
2
2
o
n p a b
n p a b ah
+
= =
+


( ) .( )
2
o
p
a b a b
p
h
a
+ +
> =
Ta c 0 1 h s s
Nn: .
o
b a
p p p D
b a

s s
+



Cu 19. Tin hnh m hun chng bc c tit din 8cm
2
vi dung dch in phn l AgNO
3
, anot lmbng Ag, mt
dng l 1 A/dm
2
. Thi gian in phn l 16 pht 5 giy, hiu sut 80%. Tnh b dy lp m ( theo m ) bit khi
lng ring ca Ag l 10,5 g/cm
3
.
A. 10,28 B 8,25 C. 7,81 D. 8,22
Li gii:
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 19
Vi thit din 8cm
2
th cng dng in I=0,08A.
Suy ra n
Ag
= g m mol
Ag
06912 , 0 8 , 0 . 0864 , 0 10 . 8
96500
965 . 08 , 0
4
= = =

.
B dy: l=
4
0,06912
8,22.10 8,22
10,5.8
cm m D

= =


Cu 20. Ho tan hon ton 5,4g oxit kimloi X bng dd HNO
3
d thu c 0,224(l) NO. Cho dd sau phn ng tc
dng vi KOH d nng nng th thu c 0,126(l) kh na. X l:
A. Cu
2
O hoc FeO B. Fe
3
O
4
C. MnO hoc FeO D. MnO hoc Fe
3
O
4

Li gii:
Tnh ra 0,03 0,045 0,075
e
n mol = + =

Gi n A l bin thin s oxi ho.
Ta c:
5,4
. 0,075 72. n M n
M
A = = A
Ln lt cho 1;2;3 n A =
Chn c p n l
2
Cu Ov FeO A

Cu 21. Cho t t V (l) dd Na
2
CO
3
vo V
1
dd HCl 1M thu c 2,24(l) kh CO
2
. Cho t t V
1
dd HCl vo V (l) dd
Na
2
CO
3
1M thu c 1,12(l) CO
2
. Vy V
1
v V ln lt l:
A. V
1
=0,25(l) v V=0,2(l) B. V =0,15(l) v V
1
=0,2(l)
C. V =0,25(l) v V
1
=0,2 (l) D.V =0,2(l) v V
1
=0,15 (l)
Li gii:
Th nghim 1:
2
2 0,2( )
HCl CO
n n mol = =
1
0,2( ) V l =
Th nghim 2:
S c 2 phn ng: phn ng (1) to
3
HCO

khi no H
+
d mi to
2
CO .
HCl
n to
2
CO :
2
(1)
0,05( )
HCl CO
n n mol = =
HCl
n to
3
HCO

:
(2) HCl HCl
n n =
2 3
(1) (2)
0,2 0,05 0,15 0,15
HCl Na CO HCl
n n n = = = =
0,15( ) V l B =

Cu 22. Trn CuO vi 1 oxit kim loi n ho tr II theo t l mol tng ng l: 1:2 c hhX. Dn H
2
d qua 3,6g X
thu c Y. ho tan ht Y cn 60ml dd HNO
3
2,5M v thu c V(l) NO duy nht v dung dch ch cha cc
mui. Kim loi v th tch kh thu c l:
A. Mg v 0,14(l) B. Mg v 0,28(l). C. Ca v 0,28(l) D. Mg v 0,336 (l)
Li gii:
Xt 2 trng hp:
1. MO b kh.

3 3 2 2
3 8 3 ( ) 2 4 R HNO R NO NO H O + + +
3x 8x (mol).
8 0,15 0,01875 x x mol = =
3,6 80 2 ( 16) 40( ) x x M M Ca = + + = (loi).
2. MO khng b kh.
3 3 2 2
3 8 3 ( ) 2 4 Cu HNO R NO NO H O + + +
x
8
3
x
(mol)
2
3
x

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Trang 20
3 3 2 2
2 ( ) MO HNO M NO H O + +
2x 4x (mol).
Ta c:
8
4 0,15 0,0225
3
x
x x mol + = =
Tmra M=24 (Mg).
V=
2
.22,4 0,336( )
3
x
l D =
Cu 23. Cho 9,6 gam kim loi R tc dng vi 500ml dung dch
3
HNO c mol/lt va , thu c 2,24 lt kh A (l
kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch B. C cn dung dch B thu c 59,2 gam mui khan. A khng th l kh no sau
y?
A.
2
N O B.
2
N C. NO D.
2
NO

Li gii.
Gi x v y ln lt l s mol ca
3
( )
n
R NO v
4 3
NH NO trong dung dch sau phn ng.
Ta c cc qu trnh oxi ha kh l
n
x nx
R R ne
+
+
5 5
.
k
k e N N
+ +
+
5 3
8 N e N
+
+
Gi
e
N l s mol electron m
3
HNO nhn to thnh 1 mol kh. D thy
e
N c th nhn cc gi tr l 1, 3, 8,10
ln lt tng ng vi cc kh
2 2 2
, , , NO NO N O N
Bo ton electron ta c: 8 0,1 (1)
e
xn y N = +
Khi lng ca kim loi v ca mui ln lt cho ta cc phng trnh l
9,6 (2)
80 .62 59,2(3)
xR
xR y xn
=

+ + =

Thay (1) v (3) vo (2) ta c 9,6 80 (8 0,1 )62 59,2 576 6,2 49,6
e e
y y N y N + + + = + =
Suy ra 8.
e
N s Vy A khng th l
2
N . Chn p n B

Cu 24. Hn hp A gm Al v Mg. Ly 20,4g hh A tc dng vi dd HBr d thu c 22,4(l) H
2
. Cng lng trn
phn ng va vi 500ml dd HNO
3
1M v HBr thu c ddB ch gm cc mui v thu c 4,48 (l) hn hp kh
N
2
O v N
2
c t khi so vi

H
2
18,5. C cn cn thn dd B khi lng mui thu c l:
A.100,5g B. 181,16g C.190,18g D. 187,65g
Li gii:
Ta d dng tnh ra s mol:
2 2
N N O
n 0,0875mol v n 0,1125mol = = .
Tng s e nhn t 2 cht ny: n
e
=1,775mol.
Tnh ra s mol mi kim loi trong A: n
Al
=n
Mg
=0,4mol.
S mol e cho: n
e cho
=2mol.
Suy ra s mol ca amoni nitrat l : mol n 028125 , 0
8
775 . 1 2
=

= .
mol n
H
45625 , 2 2 . 028125 , 0 2 . 2 , 0 2 = + + =

+

Suy ra n
HBr
=1,95625 mol.

S NO
3
-
phn ng l : 0,2.2 0,028125 0,428125mol + = d :0,071875 mol

Khi lng mui l : 20,4 1,95625.80 18.0,028125 0,071875.62 181,16 . m g B = + + + =
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 21



Cu 25. Nung nng hon ton hh X gm 0,1 mol NaNO
3
, 0,2 mol Fe(NO
3
)
2
v 0,3mol Cu trong iu kin khng c
khng kh thu c m(g) hn hp rn Y. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 46,9g B. 45,3g C. 42,1g D. 40,5g
Li gii:
Cc phn ng:
2NaNO
3
2NaNO
2
+O
2
0,1 0,1 0,05
4Fe(NO
3
)
2
2Fe
2
O
3
+8NO
2
+O
2
0,2---------------0,1------------------0,05
Cu +[O] CuO
0,2-------------0,2
.
69.0,1 16 0,2.80 0,1.64 45,3
chat ran
m g B = + + + =

Cu 26. Ly 161,6g mui A chia thnh 2 phn bng nhau ri thc hin 2 th nghim:
Th nghim 1: Nung A nhit cao trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn B v 68,4g kh Z.
Ton b Z dn qua 0,5 (l) dd KOH 2,4M ( d=1,2g/ml) thu c dd C trong ch c 1 mui v mt bazo c cng
nng mol; trong C% mui l 9,11552%. Cho t t cho ti d Zn vo dd C thu c V (l) kh T.
Th nghim 2: Ho tan phn cn li vo 90g H_2O thu c dd E. Cho 24,9g KI vo mt na dung dch E thu c
dd F v kt ta K. Cho 100ml dd Br_2 0,5Mvo F thu c ddG v kt ta K . Cho NaOH d vo dd G th thu c
kt ta H . Tng khi lng ca H v K l m(g)
Gi tr ca V v ml:
A. 1,92 v 28,9 B. 1,12 v 9,85 C. 6,72 v 29,75 D. 2,24 v 19,05
Li gii:
Ta c: Khi lng dung dch sau khi dn kh: 68,4 500.12 668,4
dd
m g = + =
Suy ra khi lng mui : 60,93 m g =
V mui v bazo c cung nng mol > cng s mol 0,6
muoi
n mol > =
Ta xt 3 TH: KX,
2
K X v
3
K X
Nhng ch c KX l nhn v l mui
3
KNO
Khi cho Zn:
3 2 3 2
4 7 4 2 Zn OH NO ZnO NH H O

+ + + +
0,6------
0,6
7
----------
0,6
7

V=1,92(l)
Tmmui: A chc chn l mui nitrat.
Phn ng:
2 2 2 3
4 4 4 NO O H O HNO + + >
0,6 0,15 0,6
Suy ra
2
38,4 0,6.46 0,15.32 36
H O
m g = =
2
2
H O
n mol > =
T l mol ca oxi v
2
NO l 4:1 nn kim loi khng thay i s oxi ho.
3 2 2 2 2 2
4 ( ) . 2 4 4
n n
M NO xH O M O nNO nO xH O > + + +
Tmra: 9 x = v 3 n = , Kimloi Fe.
Phn 2: V c mt na
3
0,1
Fe
n mol
+
= ; 0,15
KI
n mol = ;
2
0,05
Br
n mol =
3 2
2
2 2 2 Fe I Fe I
+ +
+ > +
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,05
Brom:
2 2
2 2 Br I I Br

+ > +
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Trang 22
0,025 0,05 0,025
K c 0,075mol
2
I
2 3
2
2 2 2 Br Fe Fe Br
+ +
+ > +
0,025 0,05 0,05
Khi cho NaOH kt ta H:
2
( ) :0,05 Fe OH mol v
3
( ) :0,05 . Fe OH mol
29,8 m g A =

Cu 27. in phn 500ml dung dch ( )
3
3
Fe NO a(M) vi in cc tr cho n kh c bt kh xut hin c 2 in
cc th ngng in phn. yn h thng in phn cho n khi khi lng catot khng i th thy thot ra 3,36 (l)
kh (ktc) khng mu ho nu trong khng kh. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 0,3M B. 0,4M C. 0,2M D. 0,15M
Li gii:
( )
3 2 2 3
3
3 3
3
2 4
Fe NO H O Fe O HNO + + +
x(mol) x 3x
Xt na phn ng:
3 2
4 3 2 H NO e NO H O
+
+ + +
3x(mol) ( )
3
4
x
mol
Ta c: ( ) ( ) ( )
3
0,15 0,2 0,4
4
x
mol x mol a M B = = =

Cu 28. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm gm
3 4
FeO v Al. Sau phn ng xy ra hon ton, nghin hn hp sau
phn ng thnh bt mn ri chia thnh 2 phn :
Phn 1 : Cho tc dng vi NaOH d thu c 6,72 (l) kh (ktc) v cht rn cn li c khi lng bng
13
6
khi
lng phn 1.
Phn 2 : cho tc dng vi
3
HNO d thu c 10,08 (l) hn hp kh gm
2
N Ov NO c t khi so vi H
2
l
3
59
.
Khi lng ca hn hp ban u l :
A. 93,17g B. 86,72g C. 90,23g D. Kt qu khc.
Li gii:
V khi ho tan vo NaOH thot kh chng t Al d.
Phn 1: Al d: ( )
Al
n y mol =
Phn ng:
3 4 2 3
8 3 4 9 Al Fe O Al O Fe + +
8
3
x
x
4
3
x
3x (mol)
Ta c:
56.3 6
0,45
4
13
27 102. 56.3
3
x
x y
x
y x
= =
+ +

Vi y=0,2(mol) th x=0,09(mol)
Phn 2:
0,45 0,182
9 3 0,95.3 0,404
a b a
x b b
= =

+ = =

.
Suy ra ( ) ( ) ( )
8
232 0,09 0,182 27 0,404 0,2 98,996
3
m a x g D
| |
= + + + + + =
|
\ .

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Trang 23


Cu 29. Dung dch X gm HF C(M) v NaF 3C (M). in li ca HF trong dung dch X 25
o
C l 3,2%.
in ly tng 5 ln th cn phi pha long dung dch i bao nhiu ln:
A. 5 B. 6 C.7 D. 8
Li gii:
NaF Na F
+
+
2 3
HF H O H O F
+
+ +
3C C C C C C
( )
( )
3
1
a
C C C
K
C

+
=

.
Gi k l pha long, ta c:
.5 3
[ ]
C C
F
k

+
= ;
.5
[ ]
C
H
k

+
= ;
.5
[ ]
C C
HF
k

= .
( )
( )
( ) .5 3 .5 . 3
.5
a
C C C C C C
K
k C C C C


+ +
= =


( )( )
( )( )
5 1 5 3
6
1 5 3
k B


+
= =
+




Cu 30. t chy hon ton 21,6g hn hp A gm
2
FeS v CuS thu c cht rn B v 6,72 (l) kh mi hc X. Dn
CO (d) qua B nung nng thu c C, ho tan C trong
3
HNO c, t
o
, d thu c kh Y. Trn ton b X v Y li vi
nhau thu c Z. Dn Z qua 11 (l) dung dch
2 2
H O 0,17% (d=1,2g/ml) thu c dung dch D. Cho mt lng d
Kalidicromat vo D thu c V (l) kh T. ( Cc kh u o ktc v th tch dung dch khng i). pH ca dung dch
D v V c gi tr l:
A. 2 v 2,464 (l) B. 1 v 1,232 (l) C. 1 v 2,464 (l) D. 2 v 1,232 (l)
Li gii:
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2
uS
0,1
0,3 ; 0,5
0,1
FeS
SO NO
C
n mol
n mol n mol
n mol
=

= =

.
Hn hp Z gm ( ) ( )
2 2
0,3 ; 0,5
SO NO
n mol n mol = = .
( )
2 2
0,66
H O
n mol =
Cc phn ng xy ra:
2 2 2 2 4
H O SO H SO +
2 2 2 3
2 2 H O NO HNO +
0,3 0,3 0,3 (mol) 0,25 0,5 0,5 (mol)
D: ( )
2 2
0,11
H O
n mol =
( ) 0,5 0,3.2 1,1
H
n mol
+
= + =

suy ra [ ] 0,1 1 H M pH
+
= = .
S mol kh: ( ) ( )
2
0,11 2,464
O
n mol V l = =

Cu 31. Cho cc nhn xt sau.
1.
2
SiO l oxit axit, d tan trong kim nng chy v khng tan trong axit.
2. Vi hoc g tm thu tinh lng (Hn hp Kalisilicat v Natrisilicat) s kh b chy.
3. C 4 cht hu c mch h c cng thc
2 2 n
C H O tc dng vi ( ) ( )
3
2
[ ] OH Ag NH sinh ra kt ta.
4. iu ch etanol t butan cn ti thiu 2 phn ng.
5.
2 3 2 3
, , ZnO Al O Cr O l cc cht lng tnh nn u d tan trong dung dch kim long.
6. Trong mng tinh th kim loi ch c cc nguyn t kim loi cc nt mng tinh th.
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Trang 24
7. C 3 cng thc cu to ca hp cht l ng phn ca Toluen tham gia phn ng vi ( ) ( )
3
2
[ ] OH Ag NH .
S nhn xt ng l:
A. 4 B. 2 C. 3 D. 5
Li gii:
1. Sai.
2 4 2
4 iF 2 SiO HF S H O + +
2.
3. .
2 2
, , OO OO , OO C H HOC CHO H C C H HCOO C H
4. .
4
4 10 2 3 2 3 3 2
5
2 ,
2
LiAlH
C H O CH COOH H O CH COOH CH CH OH + +
5. S.
2 3
Cr O khng tan trong kim long.
6. S. Ngoi nguyn t kim loi cn c cc ion kim loi.
7. S. C 4 CT:

( )
( )
( )
2 2 2
2 3
3
2
3 2
2
HC C CH CH CH C CH
HC C CH CH CH C CH
HC C C CH C CH
CH CH CH C CH




C
Cu 32. Nhit phn hon ton a mol
3
BaCO v b mol
3
CaCO . Cho cht rn thu c vo c mol HCl thu c dung
dch A. Cho kh
2
CO thu c t vic nung hp th hon ton vo dung dch A thu c m(g) kt
ta. Ly ton b kt ta em nung hon ton trong khng kh th thu c V (l) kh (ktc). Biu thc lin h ng l:
A. ( ) V 22, 4 2a 2b c = + B. ( ) V 11,2 2a 2b c = +
C. ( ) V 22, 4 a b c = + D. ( ) V 11,2 2a 2b c = +
Li gii:
3 2
MCO MO CO +
2 2
2 MO HCl MCl H + +
( ) a b mol +
2
c
c (mol).
V to ra kt ta HCl ht.
2 2
( ) MO H O M OH + ( ) 2
OH
n a b c

= +

2
c
a b +
Hp th kh. ( ) ( ) 2
3 3
,
CO HCO
n x mol n y mol

= =
( ) 2 2
x y a b
x a b c
x y a b c y c
+ = + = +


+ = + =

Nung:
2
3 2
CO CO

( )( ) 22,4 V a b c l C = +


Cu 33. t chy hon ton 0,15 mol triglixerit A thu c 376,2g
2
CO v 135g
2
H O. Tnh ch s iot ca X. (Ch s
iot ca mt cht bo l s gam iot phn ng vi tt c nt i c trong 100g A).
A. 86,59 B. 12,99 C. 10,83 D. Kt qu khc.
Li gii:
2 2
8,55 , 7,5
CO H O
n mol n mol = =
8,55.12 7,5.2 0,15.16.6 132 880
A C H O A
m m m m g M = + + = + + = =
( )
( )
1 3 17 31
1 2 3
2 17 33
235
880 41 44.3 707
237
R R C H
R R R
R C H
= =

+ + = =

=

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Trang 25
Nh vy: ( )
2
0,15. 2 2 1 0,45
I
n mol = + + =

Ch s iot:
0,45.254.100
86,59
132
n A = =
Cu 34. Hn hp X gm 2 este n chc. Cho 0,5 mol X vo dung dch ( ) ( )
3
2
[ ] Ag NH OH d thu c 43,2g Ag.
Cho 14,08g X tc dng vi KOH va thu c hn hp 2 mui ca 2 acid ng ng lin tip v 8,256g hn hp 2
ancol n chc, ng ng lin tip. S lng X thoa mn yu cu bi ton l:
A. 2 B. 3 C. 5 D. 4
Li gii:
V X phn ng c vi ( ) ( )
3
2
[ ] Ag NH OH do trong X c HCOOR v este kia l
'
3
OOR CH C
D dng tnh ra:
( )
( )
1 2
'
3
:0,2
OO
OO :0,3
HCOOR mol
RC R
CH C R mol

vi
1
0,2.1 0,3.15
9,4
0,5
R
+
= =
Tip theo:
2
2 2
14,08 8,256
34,6
53,4 17
R
R R
= =
+ +

Nh vy 2 ancol l ( ) ( )
2 5 3 7
1 & 2 C H OH CTCT C H OH CTCT
Nh vy X c th l:
2 5 2 5
3 3 7 3 7
:
;
OO: is
HCOO C H C H
CH C n C H o C H




v i li. D .
Cu 35. Cho m(g) hn hp gm M, MO, Al vo nc d, sau phn ng thu c 3,024 (l) kh (ktc); 0,54g cht rn
khng tan v dung dch A. Rt 110ml dung dch HCl 1M vo A thu c 5,46g kt ta. Nu cho m(g) hn hp trn
vo
3
, HNO c, nng, d th s mol
3
HNO phn ng l:
A. 0,71 mol. B. 0,72 mol. C. 0,5 mol. D. 0,68 mol.
Li gii:
( ) 0,02
Al
n mol =
( )
2 2
3
H O AlO H Al OH
+
+ +
x x x (mol)
( )
3
2
3
3 3 Al OH H Al H O
+ +
+ +
(x-0,07) 3(x-0,07) (mol)
Ta c: ( ) 4 0,21 0,11 0,08 x x mol = =
( )
2 2
2
2 M H O M OH H + +
a a a (mol)
( )
2 2
4
2 2 6 2[ ] 3 OH Al H O Al OH H

+ + +
2(a+b) 2(a+b) 3(a+b) (mol)
Ta c:
2 2 0,08 0,015
4 3 0,135 0,025
a b a
a b b
+ = =

+ = =


( ) ( )
3
6. 4. 2 6 2 2 0,02 4 2 0,71
HNO M MO
Al
n n n n a b a b mol A = + + = + + + + =

Cu 36. Cho hn hp X gm cc kim loi , , , , Zn Cr Fe Cu Ag . Nung A trong kh quyn oxi thu c hn hp A.
Ho tan A trong HBr d thu c dung dch B v cht rn C. Ly C nung trong khng kh thu c D. Cho KOH d
vo B sau sc kh
2
O d vo thu c dung dch E, kt ta F. Nung F trong khng kh thu c cht rn G. em
c cn cn thn dung dch E thu c cht rn khan H. Tng s lng ln nht cc cht c trong D, G v H l:
A. 8 B 9 C. 6 D. 10.
Li gii:
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Trang 26
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2 3
2
2 2 2
3
2 4
3
2
dd
, , kim loai
, , ZnO,CrO,Fe ,
KOH
O HBr
x y
kk
CuO
KOH
Fe O
Cu OH
KBr
B
Zn Cr
Cu OH
K ZnO
Fe OH
Fe Cu O CuO
K CrO
Fe OH
Ag
Ag
Ag
Ag C
Ag S

Ti a 10 cht. D
Cu 37. Ho tan 2,56 g Cu vo 25,2 g dung dch
3
HNO 60% thu c dung dch A v hn hp kh mu nu ( nu
em ra ngoi khng khi th thy mu nu m hn), thm 210ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch A. Sau khi phn
ng kt thc em c cn dung dch thu c cht rn X. Nung X trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c
17,4 g cht rn. Tnh C% cc cht trong dung dch A.
A. 28,65% v 28,81% B. 31,26% v 25,72%
C. 32,19% v 22,81% D. Kt qu khc.
Li gii:
Gi x (mol) l s mol
3
HNO d.
Dung dch sau:
3 2 3
( )
0,04( ); ( )
Cu NO HNO
n mol n x mol = =
Khi phn ng vi NaOH:
Cht rn sau gm:
2
:0,04( ); :( 0,08)( ) CuO mol NaNO x mol + v : 0,21 0,08 NaOH x
Ta c:
80.0,04 69. 40(0,21 0,08 ) 17,4 0,12( ) x x x mol + + = =
Cc phn ng:
3 3 2 2 2
4 ( ) 2 2 Cu HNO Cu NO NO H O + + +
a 4a 2a
3 3 2 2
3 8 3 ( ) 2 4 Cu HNO Cu NO NO H O + + +
b
8
3
b

2
3
b

Ta c: 0,04 a b + = v
8
4 0,12
3
b
a + =
0,01 a = v 0,03 b =
Nh vy khi lng dung dch sau: 2,56 25,2 0,01.46 0,03.30 26,4( ) m g = + =
Nng phn trm:
3 2
[ ( ) : 28,48% Cu NO v
3
[ ]: 28,63% HNO D
Cu 38. Dung dch X ha tan 5,94 gamhn hp 2 mui clorua ca 2 kim loi kim th. lmkt ta Cl

ca dung
dch X dng dung dich
3
AgNO d to 17,22 gam kt ta. Lc kt ta, c cn dung dch thu c m gam mui khan.
Tnh m?
A. 8,19 (g). B. 10,32 (g). C. 9,12 (g). D. Kt qu khc.
Li gii:
Gi cng thc chung ca X l
2
RCl
2 3 2
( )
1
0,06
2
RCl R NO AgCl
n n n = = =
2 3 2
1 1 ( ) molRCl molR NO kl tng ln 124 71 53( ) g =
Vy 5,91 53.0,06 9,12( ) m g C = + =
Cu 39. Mt hn hp Y gm K, Zn v Fe khi cho vo nc to ra 6,72 (l) kh. Cn li cht rn khng tan B c khi
lng 14,45 (g). Cho B vo 100 ml dung dch
4
CuSO 3M thu c cht rn C c khi lng 16 (g). Cho Y tc dng
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Trang 27
vi
3
HNO th khi lng mui ln nht thu c l:
A. 121,3 (g). B. 108,3 (g). C. 135,6 (g). D. Kt qu khc.
Li gii:
Gi ( ) x mol l mol KOH phn ng vi nc th mol Zn phn ng vi KOH l 0,5 ( ) x mol
Ta c : 2.0,5 0,3.2 0,3 x x x mol + = =
Cht rn B l Zn d v Fe
4
0,3 0,25
CuSO Cu
n n = > = hai kimloi Zn,Fe p ht
Ta c h pt v tng khi lng B v tng s mol 0,2; 0,05
Fe Zn
n n mol = =
Nh vy : Y gm (0,3 ), (0,2 ), (0,2 ) K mol Zn mol Fe mol c khi lng 35,9 m g =
0,3 0,2.2 0,2.3 1,3 e mol = + + =

Do khi lng mui ln nht l :
4 3
ax .
62. 35,9 62.1,3 80.1,3/ 8 129,5
muoi m NH NO
m m e m g D = + + = + + =

Cu 40. Hn hp A gm Mg v Fe c t l khi lng 5:3. Hn hp B gm FeO,
2 3
Fe O v
3 4
Fe O trong s mol
ca FeO bng
2 3
Fe O . Ho tan B bng HCl d, sau thm A vo, sau phn ng thu c dung dch C v V(l) kh
khng mu E. Cho C tc dng vi NaOH d, lc kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c D.
Bit V (l) kh E phn ng va vi D. Trn A vi B li thu c hn hp X. Phn trm khi lng ca Mg trong X
l:
A. 31,93%. B. 25,17 %. C. 16,29 %. D. Kt qu khc.
Li gii:
: 5:3 : 35:9 35 ; 9
Mg Fe Mg Fe Mg Fe
m m n n n mol n mol = => = => = =
V
2 3
FeO Fe O
n n = =>trong B cha
3 4
Fe O
Nhn thy rng kh khng mu E l
2
H .
Trong dd C c cha:
2
Mg
+
v
2
Fe
+

Do D cha: MgO v
2 3
Fe O
Cho E phn ng va vi D
2 3 2 2
3 2 3 Fe O H Fe H O + +
x--------3x
Ta c:
2
2 Mg e Mg
+

2
2 Fe e Fe
+

2
3 4
2 Fe O e Fe
+
+
2
2 2 H e H
+
+
6 2 88 3 44 x y x y => + = => + = (y l s mol
3 4
Fe O )
Bo ton Fe ta c: 2 3 9 x y = +
61 14152 28936
840 504
11 11 11
X
y m => = => = + + =
840.11.100
% 31,93%
28936
Mg A = = .
Bi 41. Ha tan 160 gamhn hp A gm
3 2 3
, e , e AlCl F Cl F Cl vo nc c dung dch B. Chia dung dch B lm
hai phn nh nhau.
- in phn phn 1 trong 77200 giy bng dng in 2 A. Thmt t dung dch NaOH vo dung dch sau
in phn thy khng xut hin kt ta.
- Cho 1,68 lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M vo phn 2 thu c m gam kt ta
3
( ) . Al OH
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Trang 28
Gi tr nh nht ca m gn vi gi tr no sau y nht?
A.6,204 gam B. 21,84 gam C. 25,74 gam D. 23,4 gam
Li gii.
Gi , , x y z ln lt l s mol cc cht trong hn hp A.
T khi lng hn hp v phn ng in phn, d dng suy ra h phng trnh
325
133,5x 127 162,5z 80 133,5x 62,5.(2 ) .(3z) 80 (1)
6
3x 2 3z 1,6
3x 2 3z 1,6 (2)
y y
y
y

+ + = + + =

+ + =

+ + =

Ta i tmkhong gi tr ca x.
T (1) suy ra ( ) ( )
325
2 3x 115 133,5x 63,5 2 3x
6
y y + < < +
Thay vo (2) suy ra
325
6
80 133,5x 80 133,5x 20 36
1,6 3x 1,6
63,5 87 95
x

< < < <
Ta thy phn 2 c thmvo 0,84 mol . NaOH Xt cc trng hp
- Nu
20
0,21 0,28
4 87 3
NaOH NaOH
n n
x = < < < = th (4 0,84).78. m x = Khi
20
87
x th 6,204( ) m gam
- Nu
36
0,28
3 95
NaOH
n
x = s < th 0,28.78 21,84 m gam = =
Nh vy, gi tr gn nht vi m l 6,204 gam. A .

Cu 42. Cho
3 3 3
20( ) , , g MgCO CaCO BaCO em t thu c kh B cho kh B qua nc vi trong thu c 10( ) g
kt ta v dung dich Y. Lc kt ta em em nung Y thu c 6( ) g kt ta na.Tnh %
3
MgCO trong hn hp.
A.52,5 B.40,2 C.86,75 D,72,25
Li gii:
Nu ch c
3
MgCO v
2
CaCO th tnh ra
3
0,125( )
MgCO
n mol =
V % 52,5 m = %.
Nu l
3
MgCO v
3
BaCO tnh ra % 86,75 = %.
V c c 3 cht nn 52,5<% 86,75 < %. D .
Cu 43. Cho 33,35 gamhn hp A gm
3 4 3 3
, ( ) , Fe O Fe NO Cu tc dng hon ton vi dung dch cha 0,414 mol
2 4
H SO (long) th thu c kh NO duy nht v dung dch B ch cha 2 mui. C cn B thu c bao nhiu gam
mui khan?
A. 64,400 hoc 61,520 B. 65,976 hoc 61,520 C. 73,122 hoc 64,400 D. 65,976 hoc 75,922
Li gii:
Nhn xt:
+Hai mui thu c l:
1.
4
CuSO v
2 4 3
( ) Fe SO
2.
4
CuSO v
4
FeSO
+V dung dch B ch cha 2 mui nn lng
3
NO

b kh ht thnh NO v H
+
phn ng ht.
Trng hp 1. Ta c
2
2 Cu e Cu
+

3
3 4 2
8 3 4 Fe O H e Fe H O
+ +
+ +
3 2
4 3 2 NO H e NO H O
+
+ +
2 0,75(0,828 8 ) 2 7 0,621 x y y x y => + = => + =
Mt khc:
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 29
242(0,828 8 )
64 232 33,35 48 53 12,489
12
y
x y x y

+ + = => + =
0,237; 0,021 x y => = =
0,237*160 400(0,0275 0,0315) 61,52 m gam => = + + =
Trng hp 2.
2
2 Cu e Cu
+

2
3 4
8 2 3 Fe O H e Fe
+ +
+ +
3 2
Fe e Fe
+ +
+
3 2
4 3 2 NO H e NO H O
+
+ + +
(0,828 8 )
2 2 0,75(0,828 8 ) 3 7 1,035
12
y
x y y x y

=> = + + => + =
Mt khc: 48 53 12,489 0,184; 0,069 x y x y + = => = =
0,184*160 152(0,207 0,023) 64,4 m gam => = + + =
A .
Cu 44. Hn hp X gm
3 3 2 2
, ( ) , KClO Ca ClO CaCl v KCl c tng khi lng l 83,68 gam. Nhit phn hon ton
X thu c 17,472 lt
2
O (ktc) v cht rn Y gm
2
CaCl v KCl.Y tc dng va vi 0,36 lt dng dch
2 3
0,5 K CO M thu c dung dch Z.Lng KCl trong Z nhiu gp
22
3
ln lng KCl tng X.Phn trm khi lng
3
KClO trong X l
A. 47,62% B. 58,55% C. 81,37% D. 23,51%
Li gii:
3 2
3
2
KClO KCl O > +
3 2 2 2
( ) 3 Ca ClO CaCl O > +
2
0,78
O
n =
Bo ton khi lng => 83,68 0,72.32 58,72
Y
m = =
Ta c 0,18
CaCl
n =
=>
/
58,72 0,18.111
0,52
74,5
KCl Y
n

= =
/
0,52 0,36 0,88
KCl Z
n = + =

/ /
3
0,12
22
KCl X KCl Z
n n = =
3
0,52 0,12 0,4
KClO
n => = =
3
49
KClO
m =
3
% 58,55% KClO B => =
Cu 45. Cn bao nhiu kg hn hp cha 64%
2 3
Fe O ; 33,6% Fe v 1,2%C diu ch 1 tn gang trong l mactanh
cha 3,6% C thnh thp cha 1,2% C. Bit trong qu trnh luyn C ch chy thnh CO
A. 147,71kg B. 171,47 kg C. 192,52 kg D. 159,22 kg
Li gii:
Gi x(tn) l khi lng qung cn thm.
Ta c: trong x(tn) hh th 0,336
Fe
m a = ;
2 3
0,64
Fe O
m a = v 0,012
C
m a =
Trong 1 tn gang 0,964( ? )
Fe
m t n = v 0,036( ? )
C
m t n =
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Trang 30
Phn ng xy ra:
2 3
3 2 3 Fe O C Fe CO + +
0,004a 0,012a 0,008a (mol)
Suy ra sau phn ng: 0,964 0,012 .56 0,336
Fe
m a a = + + v 0,036 0,012 12.0,012
C
m a a = +

Ta c thp cha 1,2%C.
Suy ra
98,8 0,964 0,008 .56 0,336
1,2 0,036 0,012 12.0,012
Fe
C
m a a
m a a
+ +
= =
+

Cu 46. Dn ( )
2
x mol CO vo dung dch cha ( )
2
( ) y mol Ca OH thu c z mol kt ta.Nu dn ( )
2
y mol CO vo
dung dch cha ( )
2
2 ( ) x mol Ca OH thu c z mol kt ta.Hi z c gi tr bao nhiu.
A. 4 z x y = B. z y = C. 2 z y x = D. 2 z y x = hoc z y =
Li gii:
Ln 1: 2 ( )
OH
n y mol

=
T l:
2
2
CO
CO
n
y
A
n x

= = (1)
Ln 2: 4 ( )
OH
n x mol

=
T l:
2
4
CO
CO
n
x
B
n y

= = (2).
TH
1
: Nu 1 2 A < s th 4 8 B < s
Tc ln 1 to 2 mui cn ln 2 ch cho mt mui.
Ta c: z y = v 2 z y x =
Nh vy 2 y y x x y = = (nhn)
Suy ra: z y = hoc 2 z y x =
TH
2
: Nu 2 A < th 4 B <
Tc ln 1 ch to mui trung ho th z x = V y x > theo gii thit.
Ln 2: Nu 2 B s th 2x y > tc z y = (loi v x y = )
Nu 1 2 B < s th 2x y s v
2
3
4 2
CO
n x y x y

= s s
Nh vy 4 z x y =
Ta c: 4 3 x y x x y = = (loi v 2 x y x < s )
D
Cu 47.Nung mgambt gm Al va
x y
Fe O trong diu kin khng c khng kh cho n phn ng hon ton dc
hh X.Trn u X,chia X thnh 2 phn:
Phn 1:(c khi lng 14,49 gam) ha tan ht trong
3
HNO du thu dc 0,165mol NO(sp kh duy nht ca
5
N
+
).
Ph n 2:tac dng ht vi NaOH, t
0
thy gii phng 0,015 mol
2
H v cn li 2,52 gam cht rn.CT oxit v gi tr m l:
A.
2 3
Fe O v 19,32 B.
3 4
Fe O v 28,98 C.
2 3
Fe O v 28,98 D.
3 4
Fe O v 19,32
Li gii:
Phn 2:
(2)
0,01
Al
n = ; cht rn l
(2)
0,045
Fe
Fe n = ,
Ta c:
(2)
(2)
9
2
Fe
Al
n
n

Phn 1:Gi a v b ln lt l s molFe v Al ta c:
3 3 0,495
2 9 0
a b
a b
+ =

0,135
0,03
a
b
=

2 3
0,06 0,18
Al O O
n n = =
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 31
3 4
0,135 3
0,18 4
Fe
O
n
Fe O
n
= =
1 2
3
p p
m m =
19,32 m g D = : .

Cu 48. Trn 0,54g bt Al vi
2 3
Fe O v CuO ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm trong diu kin khng c
khng kh, thu c hn hp cht rn Y gm
2 3
, , , , Al O FeO CuO Cu Fe . Hon tan X trong dung dch
3
HNO d
thu c 0,896 hn hp kh Y gm
2
NO v NO ktc. T khi ca hn hp Y so vi
2
H l:
A. 23 B. 17 C. 19 D. 21
Li gii:
Ta c 0,02
Al
n =
Bo ton e
=> 0,02.3 0,06
e
n = =
gi
2
NO
n a =
NO
n b =
Ta c h
0,04 0,03
3 0,06 0,01
a b a
a b b
+ = =

+ = =


0,03.46 0,01 30
42
0,04
tb
M
+ +
= =
2
/
21
Y H
d D =

Cu 49. em 144,6g phn X c cng thc:M
2
SO
4
.N
2
(SO
4
)
3
.nH
2
O cho vo mt bt s. Cho mt lng d P
2
O
5
thu
c hn hp cht rn Y v axit Z( Bit Z phn ng ti thiu vi 96g NaOH). Ho tan X vo nc ri cho BaCl
2
d
vo th thu c 139,8g kt ta trng khng tan trong axit. Ho tan hon ton 144,6g X vo 45g H
2
O thu c dung
dch A. Cho Ba d vo A th khi lng kt ta v tng s mol kh sinh ra l:
A. 171,9g v 12,5 mol B. 171,9g v 3,35 mol
C. 139,8g v 3,35 mol D. 139,8g v 12,5 mol
Li gii:
Khi cho P
2
O
5
vo th n ht nc v to ra acid photphoric.
P
2
O
5
+3H
2
O 2H
3
PO
4

H
3
PO
4
+NaOH NaH
2
PO
4

2,4 2,4 mol
Suy ra
2
H O
n 3,6 mol = .
mol n mol n
X
SO
15 , 0
4
6 , 0
6 , 0
2
4
= = =

Do o n=24.
964 74 X M N = + =
La chn th ch c M=18 (NH
4
+
) v N=45 (Fe) l nhn.
Khi ho tan 144,6g X vo H
2
O th mol n mol n mol n
O H
NH Fe
1 , 6 5 , 2 6 , 3 , 3 , 0 , 3 , 0
2
4
3
= + = = =
+ +

Cho Ba d vo th Kt ta gm BaSO
4
v Fe(OH)
3
m=171,9g
Kh gm H
2
v NH
3
c 3,05 0,3 3,35 n mol B = + =
Cu 50. Cho 13,6g hn hp X gm Mg v Fe vo dung dch HNO
3
d thu c 2,548 (l) hn hp kh gm 3 kh
khng mu c t khi so vi H
2
l
91
1594
. Bit hn hp kh phn ng va vi 0,56 (l) kh O
2
iu kin thng. C
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Trang 32
cn dung dch thu c 64,2 g mui. S mol HNO
3
b kh l:
A. 0,19 B. 0,2 C. 0,15 D. 0,22
Li gii:
Kh phn ng vi O
2
iu kin thng l NO n
NO
=0,05mol.
Suy ra hn hp 2 kh kia c s mol: n=0,06375 mol.
Kt hp vi t khi ta tmra s mol ca:
mol n mol n
O N N
04375 , 0 , 02 , 0
2 2
= =
Suy ra s mol e nhn trong 3 cht ny l: mol n
e
7 , 0 =

Gi x l s mol ca NH
4
NO
3.
Ta c Khi lng mui l tng khi lng ca cc ion.
64,2=13,6+62(0,7+8x)+80x x=0,0125mol.
Suy ra s mol HNO
3
b kh l:
( )
2 2 4 3
NO N N O NH NO
n n 2 n n n 0,19mol = + + + = D
Cu 51. A l mt cht rn tan trong nc to dung dch c mu sm, A l cht oxi ho mnh (nht l trong cc axit).
un nng A c cc sn phm B,C,D u l cht oxi ho mnh. Nu cho dung dch B mu lc tc dng vi kh Clo
th thu c dd A c mu m. Nu nung chy cht rn C vi dung dch kim c mt Oxi s to ra mt cht chy mu
lc. Nu un nng cht rn C vi acid sunfuric th s c kh D thot ra v mt dung dch c mu hng ca cht E.
Cht E l sn phm kh ca A khi iu ch kh Clo t KCl c mt acid sunfuric. Cc cht A, B,C u cha cng mt
kimloi. Nu cho 18,96g A vo dung dch cha 0,33 mol H
2
SO
4
, 0,5 mol HCl v 0,05 mol C
2
H
5
OH. Th tch kh
thot ra iu kin tiu chun l:
A. 8,96 (l) B. 3,36 (l) C. 6,72(l) D. 5,97 (l)
Li gii:
A l
4
KMnO .
4
0,12
KMnO
n mol = , 1,16
H
n mol
+
=

Th t phn ng xy ra:
2
4 2 2
2 10 16 2 5 8 MnO Cl H Mn Cl H O
+ +
+ + + +
0,1 0,5 0,8 0,25
2
4 2 5 2 2
12 5 36 12 10 33 MnO C H OH H Mn CO H O
+ +
+ + + +
0,02
1
60

Kh: 5,97( ) V l D =
Cu 51. Cho kh CO i qua ng s ng 0,04 mol hn hp A gm FeO v Fe
2
O
3
t nng. Sau khi kt thc th
nghim thu c 4,784 gam hn hp rn B gm 4 cht. Kh thot ra khi ng s cho hp th hon ton vo dung dch
Ba(OH)
2
d thu c 9,062 gam kt ta. Mt khc ha tan B bng dung dch HCl d thy thot ra 0,6272 lt H
2
(iu
kin tiu chun). Phn trm % khi lng Fe
2
O
3
trong A v B ln lt l (bit trong B s mol Fe
3
O
4
bng 1/3 tng s
mol ca FeO v Fe
2
O
3
).
A. 86,96% v 20,07% B. 67,78% v 20,07% C. 86,96% v 18,06% D. 67,78% v 18,06%
Li gii:
Kt ta:
3
0,046
BaCO
n mol = ,
2
0,028
Fe H
n n mol = = ,
D dng tnh ra khi lng A: m= 4,784+0,046.16=5,52g.
2 3
2 3
0,01, 0,03 % 86,96%
FeO Fe O
n n mol Fe O = = = .
Trong B: Tch bao gm:
2 3
: ; : FeO xmol Fe O ymol
Ta c:
2 0,01 0,03.2 0,028 0,042 0,018
72 160 4,784 0,028.56 3,216 0,012
x y x
x y y
+ = + = =

+ = = =


T s mol Fe
3
O
4
bng 1/3 tng s mol ca FeO v Fe
2
O
3
.
Ta tnh ra
2 3
0,006 % 20,07%
Fe O
n mol = = A

Cu 52. Nhit nhm hon ton 38,8g hn hp Fe
2
O
3
v Cr
2
O
3
cn va 13,5g Al thu c hn hp A ch gm cc
kimloi. Ho tan A trong mt lng H
2
SO
4
va thu c dung dch B. Cho 1 (l) dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,6M vo B
ri em trong khng kh th khi lng kt ta thu c l:
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Trang 33
A 148,6g B.136,8g C. 148,2 g D. 149,5g
Li gii:
Ta c:
( )
( )
( )
( )
3
3
2 3 4
3
3
2 3 4
4
4
[ ],
aS
aS
0,2
0,2
0,1 0,2 0,3
0,1 148,2
0,15 0,3
0,5
0,5
0,2
Fe OH
Fe OH
Fe O FeSO Cr OH
O kk
Cr OH
Cr O CrSO
B O
B O
OH
n mol
n mol
n mol n mol n mol
n mol m g A
n mol n mol
n mol
n mol
n mol

=
=

= = =


= =

= =
=


=


=

Cu 53. Hn hp A gm 5,6g Fe, 24g Fe
2
O
3
v 22,8g Cr
2
O
3
. Trn A vi mt lng bt Al ri thc hin phn ng
nhit nhm trong iu kin trong c khng kh. Sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp B. Khi cho B vo HBr d thu
c V (l) kh. Cn khi cho vo NaOH d th thu c
3
V
(l) kh (o cng iu kin). Khong gii hn ca khi
lng nhm ban u l m.(Gi thit 2 oxit c kh nng phn ng nh nhau v phn ng khng to ra oxit khc). Ta
c:
A. 0,9 11,7 m s s B. 0,9 22,5 m s s
C. 1,8 11,7 m s s D. 0,18 9 m s s
Li gii:
Ta c: 0,1
Fe
n mol = ;
2 3 2 3
0,15
Fe O Cr O
n n mol = =
V 2 oxit c bn cht khi phn ng ging nhau nn ta gp chung:
2 3
M O
2 3 2 3
2 2 M O Al Al O M + > +
x 2x x 2x
V s mol 2 oxit nh nhau v kh nng phn ng cng nh nhau nn trong 2x M c x(mol) Fe v x(mol) Cr.
Gi a l s mol ca Al ban u.
Ta c khi ho tan vo HCl th
2
0,1 2,5 1,5( 2 )
H
n x a x = + +
Khi ho tan vo NaOH th :
2
1,5 1,5( 2 )
H
n x a x = +
Theo :
0,1 2,5 1,5( 2 )
3
1,5 1,5( 2 )
x a x
x a x
+ +
=
+

1,5 0,1
0,1 2[1,5 1,5( 2 )]
4
a
x x a x x

+ = + =

V 0 0,15 x s s nn
1 1
0,18 9
150 3
a m D s s s s
Cu 54. Mc ni tip 2 bnh in phn: bnh 1 mt gm 0,1 mol Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v a mol MSO
4
(M
2+
l ion kimloi b in
phn). Bnh 2 cha 0,1 mol KBr , 0,2 mol KCl v 0,1 mol KNO
3
. in phn bng dng in 1 chiu c cng I(A)
sau mt thi gian th thy c 2 in cc ca bnh 2 thot ra 8,96 (l) kh (ktc) v bnh mt ch thy thot ra mt kim
loi duy nht. Trn 2 dung dch sau in phn li vi nhau thy thot ra V(l) kh khng mu ho nu trong khng kh.
V=? (ktc).
A.1,12 (l) B 2,24 (l) C. 3,36 (l) D. 0(l)
Li gii:
Bnh 2: (+):
2
2 2 Br Br e

+
2 2
2 2 2 H O e OH H

+ +
0,1 0,05 2y y

2
2 2 Cr Cl e

+
0,2 0,1 0,2

2 2
2 4 4 H O H O e
+
+ +
4x x 4x
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 34
Ta c:
0,3 0,05
2 4 0,3 0,25
y x x mol
y x y mol
+ = =

= + =


Nh vy: 2 0,5 , 0,5 0,2 0,3
e
OH
n y mol n mol

= = = = .
Mi trng bazo do khng to kh NO.
Cu 55. Nung hn hp Z gm 2 mui ca kim loi Kali 400
o
C, sau phn ng thu c 0,336 (l) kh A khng mu
v cht rn X. Cho X vo bnh ng lng d dung dch m c
4
FeSO v
2 4
H SO , ri un nh thu c 0,896 (l)
kh B khng mu. Bit A d dng phn ng vi B to thnh kh C mu nu . Cho ton b Z vo dung dch HCl d
ri cho vo mt lng ng d thu c kh T. Dn hn hp gm A v T vo 500 ml dung dch HCl 0,06M thu
c dung dch c pH bng:
A. 0,85 B. 1,22 C. 1,1 D. Kt qu khc.
Li gii:
X tc dng vi
4
FeSO v
2 4
H SO to kh => X cha mui nitrat hoc nitrit. V X l sn phm khi nhit phn Z => X
l cha mui nitrit
Vy Z cha mui
3
KNO v A l
2
O
Kh B khng mu ha nu vi
2
O =>B l NO.
Ptp:
3 2 2
2 2 KNO KNO O + (1)
2 3
2 2
Fe H NO Fe NO H O
+ + +
+ + + + (2)
Theo (1):
3
KNO
n =
2
NO
n

=
2
2 0,03
O
n mol = ;
Theo (2):
2
0,04 0,03
NO NO
n n mol mol = = >
Vy Z phi cha mui
2
KNO .
2
0,040,03 0,01
KNO
n mol = =
2
3 2
3 8 2 3 2 4 Cu H NO Cu NO H O
+ +
+ + + + (3)
2
2 2
4 2 2 Cu H NO Cu NO H O
+ +
+ + + + (4)
Theo (3,4):
NO
n =
2
NO
n

+
3
NO
n

0,04mol =
2 2
2NO O NO + (5)

2 2 3
3 2 NO H O HNO NO + + (6)
Theo (5):
2 2
2 0,03
NO O
n n mol = = ;
Theo (6):
3 2
2
. 0,02
3
HNO O
n n mol = =
=>[ ] H
+
=
0,02
0,06 0,1 1,0
0,5
M pH D + = = .
Cu 56. Cho 1,514 gamAl vo 100ml dung dch hn hp
4
CuSO 0,6 mol/l v
2 4 3
( ) Fe SO x mol/l. Kt thc phn
ng thu c 4,74 gam cht rn gm 2 kim loi. gi tr x l:
A. 0,15 B. 0,2 C. 0,08 D. 0,25
Li gii:
V sau phn ng thu c 2 kim loi => l Cu, Fe =>
4
CuSO ht.
Vy ptp l:
4 2 4 3
2 3 ( ) 3 Al CuSO Al SO Cu + + (1)
2 4 3 2 4 3 4
2 3 ( ) ( ) 6 Al Fe SO Al SO FeSO + + (2)
2 4 3 2 4 3
( ) ( ) Al Fe SO Al SO Fe + + (3)
(l phn ng tng ca (2) vi
4 2 4 3
2 3 ( ) 3 Al FeSO toAl SO Fe + +
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Trang 35
Gi x, y, z ln lt l s mol Al (1,2,3), ta c:
2
. 0,04
3
Cu
x n mol = =
0,06.64 3,84 4,743,84 0,9 0,016
Cu Fe
m gam m gam z mol = = = = =
1,514
0,056 0
27
Al
n x y z y mol = + + = = =
Vy
2 4 3
( )
0,08
2
Fe SO
z
n M C = = .
Cu 57. Cho mgambt Cu vo dung dch c cha 12,24 gam
3
AgNO ri khuy iu, sau thm300ml dung dch
2 4
H SO long a(M), phn ng hon ton thu c 10,56 gam phn rn kim loi , dung dch X v kh NO. cho dung
dch X tc dng vi dung dch KOH th cn 20,16 gam KOH. Gi tr m v a theo th t l
A. 12g v 0,6M B. 10g v 0,5M C. 15,36 v 0,6M D. 7,68 v 1,2M
Li gii:.
Ta c
3
0,072 ; 0,36
AgNO KOH
n mol n mol = =
Ptp:
3 3 2
2 ( ) 2 Cu AgNO Cu NO Ag + + (1)
2
3 2
3 8 2 3 2 4 Cu H NO Cu NO H O
+ +
+ + + + (2)
2 4 2 4 2
2 2 H SO KOH K SO H O + +
4 2 4 2
2 ( ) CuSO KOH K SO Cu OH + +
Gi x, y ln lt l s mol Cu phn ng (1) v (2)
D dng chng minh
3
AgNO ht => x = 0,036 mol
v 10,560,072.108 2,784
Cu
m du gam = = .
Xt phn ng (2):
Nu H
+
ht => khng c phn ng (3)
Theo (4): 0,18 0,144 x y mol y mol + = = . iu ny l v l, v theo (2) s mol 3 _ ^ NO khng => Loi
Nu H
+
d:
Theo (2):
3
3
. 0,108 (64.(0,036 0,108) 2,784 12
2
NO
y n mol m gam

= = = + + =
Theo (3,4) ta c:
2 4
0,18( ) 0,036
H SO
n du x y mol = + =
Theo (2):
2 4
0,288 0,144
H SO
H
n mol n mol
+
= =
Vy
2 4
0,18 0,6
H SO
n du mol a M A = = .
Cu 58. X l mt mui nhm (khan), Y l mt mui (khan) v c khc, Ho tan hn hp 2 mui X v Y ( c cng s
mol) vo nc c dung dch A, Thmt t dung dch ( )
2
Ba OH n d vo dung dch A thu c dung dch B,
kt ta D v kh C, Acid ho dung dch B bng
3
HNO sau cho
3
AgNO d vo thy xut hin kt ta trng, Kt
ta ny ho en khi ngoi nh sng, Khi cho ( )
2
Ba OH vo A thy xut hin kt ta max (E) v kt ta min (D),
Nung E v D trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 6,248 (g) v 5,126 (g) tng ng, Bit D khng tan
trong
3
HNO m c, Phn trm khi lng ca X trong hn hp l:
A. 72,15 %, B. 78,16% C. 71,25% D. Kt qu khc.
Li gii.
Kt ta trng ha en ngoi ng sng =>AgCl =>trong A c cha Cl

Cho
2
( ) Ba OH vo A thy xut hin kh C =>trong A cha
4
NH
+

S chnh lch v khi lng ca E v D chnh l khi lng
3
( ) Al OH
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Trang 36
2 3
2 3
6,248 5,126 1,122( ) 0,011( )
Al O
mAl O gam n mol = = =
Kt ta D chnh l
2 3
4
0,011( )
Al O
BaSO n mol =
=>X l
3
AlCl v Y l
4 2 4
( ) NH SO hoc
4 4
NH HSO
%
3
AlCl =133,5.100/265,5 =50,28% hoc
%
3
AlCl =133,5.100/248,5 =53,72%
D .
Cu 59. Ha tan hon ton 7,68 gambt Cu vo dung dch cha 0,48 mol
3
HNO ,khuy u thu c V lt kh (ktc)
v dung dch X cha hai cht tan,Cho tip 200ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch X ri c cn,nung n khi
lng khng i thu c 34,88 gam hn hp rn Z gm ba cht,Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton,Gi tr ca V l:
A. 5,376(l) B. 1,792(l) C. 2,688(l) D. 3,584(l)
Li gii:
Ta c 0,12
Cu
n mol = ; 0,4
NaOH
n mol =
Cht rn sau khi nung gm NaOH, CuO,
2
NaNO vi
0,12
CuO
n mol =
2
34,88 80.0,12 25,28
NaNO NaOH
m m g + = = , By gi nu gi
2
25,28 0,4.40
0,32
46 17
NaNO
n xmol x mol

= = =

=
3
NaNO
n trong dd, Mt khc
3
NaNO
n =
2
2
A
Cu
n n
+
+ (vi A l 1 trong
2 cht trong X) 0,32 2.0,12 0,08
A
n mol = = , Do A khng phi l
4 3
NH NO A l
3
0,48 0,08 0,4
H
HNO n mol
+
= = (y l s mol H+ phn ng)
Mt khc
3
0,48 0,32 0,16
NO
n mol

= = (y l s mol
3
NO

phn ng)
Ta c
3
0,4
2,5
0,16
H
NO
n
n
+

= = ==>2 kh l NO v
2
NO v trong hh khi nht thit phi c
2
NO
Gi
2
;
NO NO
n a n b = = , Ta c h
4 2 0,4 0,04
0,16 3,584
0,16 0,12
hhkhi
a b a mol
n mol V l D
a b b mol
+ = =
=

=
+ = =

Cu 60. Cho mgamFe vo dd
3
AgNO thu c hn hp X gm 2 kimloi ,Chia X lm2 phn ,Phn t (
1
m gam)
cho tc dng vi dd HCl d thu c 0,1 mol
2
H .Phn nhiu (
2
m gam) cho tc dng vi dd
3
HNO long d thu
c 0,4 mol kh NO ,Bit
2 1
32,8 m m g = .Tnh m?
A. 33,6 g v 47,1 B. 1,74 g v 6,33 C. 17,4 g v 63,3 D. 3,36 v 4,71
Li gii.
Gi s mol Fe v Ag trong hh X l x,y mol=> 56 108
X
m x y = +
Gi phn 1 gp n ln phn 2(n>1) suy ra
1
2 1
2
( 1) 1
1
(56 108 )(1)
1 1
1
X
X
X
m
m
n m n
n
m m x y
nm n n
m
n
=

+
=

= +
+ +
=
+

Ta c: Phn 1:
1
1
Fe
Ag
x
n
n
y
n
n
=
+
=
+

Phn 2:
1
1
Fe
Ag
nx
n
n
ny
n
n
=
+
=
+

http://boxmath.vn
Trang 37
By gi ta c h
0,1.( 1) 0,1
1
1
3 .(1,2 0,3 )
0,4.3 1,2
1

1
x
x n
n
n
nx ny y n
n
n n

= + =
+

+
=
+ = =
+ +
Thay vo (1) ta tim c 3 n = v
108
67
n = , n y th tmc m=33,6g v m=47,1g A
Cu 61. Cho 14,8 (g) hn hp gm kim loi ho tr II, oxit v sunfat ca kim loi y ho tan trong dung dch
( )
2 4
H SO l , d thu c dung dch A v 4,48 (l) kh, Cho NaOH d vo dung dch A thu c kt ta B, nung B
nhit cao thy cn li 14 (g) cht rn, Mt khc 14,8 (g) hn hp trn vo 0,2 (l) dung dch
4
CuSO 2M th phn
ng kt thc, loi b kt ta ri em c cn dung dch thu c 62 (g) cht rn, Ly lng kim loi trong 14,8 (g) hn
hp em nung vi
2
CO d thu c hn hp rn X, Ly X tc dng vi
3
HNO c, nng, d th thu c ( )
1
V l kh
duy nht, Ly lng mui to ra trong dung dch nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c ( )
2
V l kh,
(cc kh o ktc), Tng
1 2
V V + c gi tr l:
A. 20,16 (l). B. 22,4 (l). C. 16,8 (l). D. 17,92 (l).
Li gii:
t kim loi ha tr II l M,
Gi a, b, c ln lt l s mol ca M, MO,
4
MSO
Ta c:
Khi lng hn hp u ( ) 16 96 14,8 m M a b c b c = + + + + = (1)
2
0,2
M H
n n a mol = = (2)
Cht rn thu c sau khi nung kt ta B l oxit MO
Khi lng cht rn ( ) 16 16 14 m M a b c a b = + + + + = (3)
Ly (1) - (3) ta c: 80 16 0,8 c a =
Kt hp vi (2) ta c: 80 16.0,2 0,8 0,05 c c mol = =
Xt phn ng vi
4
CuSO , ch c M phn ng,
4
MSO tan cn MO khng tan, Sau phn ng ta c, khi lng mui
thu c l:
4 4
( )
( 96)( ) 160.0,2 62
MSO CuSO du
m m m M a c = + = + + + = (4)
( 96).(0,2 0,05) 30 24( ) M M Mg => + + = => =
Xt phn ng vi
2
CO thu c hn hp cht rn X => X gm MgO, C, Vy phn ng l:
2
2 2 Mg CO MgO C + +
0,2------------0,2---0,1
X phn ng vi
3
HNO c:
3 2 2 2
4 4 2 C HNO CO NO H O + => + +
2
0,1
CO C
n n mol = =

2
4 0,4
NO C
n n mol = =
1
11,2( ) V l =
=>Mui thu c 0,2 mol
3 2
( ) Mg NO , Nhit phn hon ton mui:
3 2 2 2
2 ( ) 2 4 Mg NO MgO NO O + +
D dng tnh c
2 2
0,5
khi NO O
n n n mol = + =
=>
2
11,2( ) V l =
=>
1 2
22,4( ) V V l B + =
Cu 62. Cho 0,18 gammt n cht R tc dng vi lng d dung dch
2 4
H SO c nng thu c kh A (bit sn
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 38
phm kh ca
6
S
+
l
2
SO duy nht ), Thu ton b kh A vo dung dch
2
( ) Ca OH d thy xut hin 5,1 gam kt
ta, Nu cho 0,18 gam R tc dng vi dung dch
3
HNO (c,nng,d) th th tch kh thu c (ktc) l bao nhiu
(bit sn phm kh ca
5
N
+
l
2
NO duy nht)?
A.1,344 lt B. 1,68 lt C.1,792 lt D. 2,016 lt
Li gii:
TH
1
. Ch c kh
2
SO
3 2
5,1
0,0425( ) 0,0425( )
120
BaSO SO
n mol n mol = = =
Do
,
0,085( )
e cho
n mol =
V c hai acid u c tnh oxihoa mnh v a kim loi n s oxi ho cao nht,
Nn ( )
2
,
0,085( ) 1,904
NO e cho
n n mol V l = = =
TH
2
.
Vy A phi c kh khc. V
2
SO l sn phm kh duy nht nn kh cn li phi l hp cht ca R, D dng xc nh
c R l Cacbon,
2 4 2 2 2
2 2 2 C H SO CO SO H O + + +
2 2
.
0,015 0,015; 0,03 0,015,100 0,03,120 5,1
C CO SO ket tua
n n n m = = = => = + = (ph hp vi bi)

3 2 2 2
4 4 2 C HNO CO NO H O + + +
=>
2 2
( )
0,015 4,0,015 0,075
khi CO NO
n n n mol = + = + =
=> 1,68( ) V l B =
Cu 63. X l dung dch
2 4 3
( ) Al SO , Y l dung dch
2
( ) Ba OH , Trn 200 ml X vi 300 ml Y c 8,55 gam kt ta,
Trn 200 ml X vi 500 ml Y c 12,045 gamkt ta, Nng mol ca X, Y ln lt l:
A. 0,1 M va 0,2M B. 0,05M va 0,075M C. 0,075M va 0,1M D. 0,1M va 0,005M
Li gii:
Ta xt trng hp 1
2 2
4
SO Ba
n n
+
>
2 4 3
( ) Al SO
n a = ;
2
( ) Ba OH
n b =
l s mol lc u
78,2
233 8,55 0,03
3
b b b + = => =

10
233,3 78(8 ) 12,045
3
b
a a + =
=>a =0,015
Th vo ta tnh c C
Xt
2
4
SO

ht
=>Lng kt ta thay i l ca
3
( ) Al OH cn
4
BaSO vn khng i
iu kin 3x y <

78,2
233,3 8,55
3
y x + =

10
78(8 ) 233,3 12,045
3
x y x + =
Gii h ta thy c nghim khng tha.
p n C
Cu 64. A l 9,6 g hn hp gm C v Fe c t l mol tng ng l 2:3, B l hn hp cha 20,2 g
3
KNO v 25,5 g
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Trang 39
3
NaNO , Trn u A vi B ri nung trong chn khng thu c cht rn X v hn hp kh Y, Ho tan X vo nc
thy cn li cht rn Z v thu c dung dch C, Sc ht kh Y vo dung dch C ri c cn cn thn dung dch thu
c m(g) cht rn D, Cht rn Z ho tan hon ton trong c nng thu c V (l) kh duy nht, ( Cc phn ng xy
ra hon ton), Gi tr ca m v V l:
A. ( ) ( )
`
m 40,9 g v V 5,6 l , a = = B. ( ) ( )
`
m 51,2 g v V 3,36 l , a = =
C. ( ) ( )
`
m 46,2 g v V 8,96 l , a = = D. Kt qu khc
Li gii.
Ta c trong A 0,1( )
C
n mol = v 0,15( )
Fe
n mol =
Trong B
3
0,3( )
KNO
n mol = v
3
0,2( )
NaNO
n mol = gi CT chung
3
MNO vi
0,3,39 0,2,23
29,4( / )
0,5
M g mol
+
= =
Phn ng xy ra
3 2 2 2
4 2 4 MNO C M O CO NO + + +
0,4------------0,1----0,2----0,1-----0,4
3 2 2
1
2
MNO MNO O +
0,1------------0,1-----------------0,05
Phn ng gia Fe v
2
O sinh ra cc oxit v Fe d,
Ho tan vo
3
HNO ta c
2
0,15,3 0,05,2 0,25 5,6( )
NO
n V l = = =
Dung dch C gm :0,4( ) MOH mol v
2
:0,1( ) MNO mol
Sc kh:
2 3 2 2
2 2 NO MOH MNO MNO H O + + +
0,4--------0,4------------0,2-------0,2
0,2,91,4 0,3,75,4 40,9( ) m g A = + =
Cu 65. Cho mt lng bt
3
CaCO tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HCl 32,85%, Sau phn ng thu c dung
dch X trong nng HCl cn li l 24,20%, Thm vo X mt lng bt
3
MgCO khuy u cho phn ng xy ra
hon ton thu c dung dch Y trong nng HCl cn l 21,10%, Nng phn trm cc mui
2
CaCl v
2
MgCl trong dung dch Y tng ng l
A. 10,35% v 3,54%, B. 12,35% v 8,54%, C. 12,35% v 3,54%, D. 8,54% v 10,35%
Li gii:
Gi s ban u c 100g dung dch HCl 32,85% ==> 0,9
HCl
n mol =

3 2 2 2
2 CaCO HCl CaCl CO H O + ==> + +
a 2a a a a

3 2
56 100
ddsau CaCO ddHCl CO
m m m m a = + = +

Nng
(0,9 2 ).36,5
0,242
56 100
du
a
HCl
a

= =
+

==>a=0,1 mol ==> 0,7
H
n Cldu = mol

3 2 2 2
2 MgCO HCl MgCl CO H O + ==> + +
b 2b b b b

.
40 40 105,57
dd sau d
m b m dHCldu b = + = +
Gii tng t nh trn ta suy ra b=0,04 mol
==> 107,17
ddsau
m =
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 40
==>
2
111.0,1.100
% 10,35%
107,17
C CaCl = =
Tng t ==>
2
% 3,54% C MgCl A =
Cu 66. Ha tan 60g hp 2 oxit kim loi ha tr 2 vo 1 lt dung dch HCl 2M v
2 4
H SO 0,75M c dung dch X
,Trung ha X cn va ht 58,1g
4 2 3
( ) NH CO v
3
BaCO , sau khi trung ha ta c dung dch Y.in phn dung
dch Y n khi catot bt u xut hin bt kh th dng li,Khi catot c 16g kim loi v c 5,5 lt kh thot ra
anot,(KTC). Tm2 kimloi v phn trm khi lng 2 oxit kim loi
Li gii:
Ta xt qu trnh in phn dung dch Y,
Nu c 2 kim loi u b in phn khi trong hn hp ban u khi lng
2
O l 60 16 44( ) g = (khng hp l),
Nh vy ch c mt kim loi in phn,
Ban u 2( )
Cl
n mol

= do trong qu trnh in phn Cl

cha ht,
Nh vy
5,5 5,5
22,4 22,4
M
Cl
n n

= =

Nh vy
16,22,4
65( )
5,5
M Zn = =

Suy ra
16 40
40( ) ( )
65 16
ZnO RO RO
n m g n mol
R
= = =
+

, 3333 ZnO =
3,5( )
H
n mol
+
=

S mol trung ha 0,295,2 0,605,2
H
n
+
s s
Nh vy phn ng:
,
2,29 2,91
H pu
n
+
s s Phn ng vi ZnO th
32
65
H
n
+
=
Nh vy phn ng vi RO:
,
1,8 2,4
H pu
n
+
s s
Kt lun: 17,3 28,4 24( ) R R Mg < < =
Vy 2 oxit l MgO and ZnO



Cu 67. Trong bnh kn dung tch khng i cha 35,2x gam oxi v 160x gamkh
2
SO ( 136,5
o
C ,p sut 4,5atm)
c mt xc tc
2 5
V O , un nng bnh trong mt thi gian phn ng xy ra ri a v 136,5
o
C ,p sut trong bnh
lc ny l p atm,Bit hiu sut phn ng l % H ,Gi tr ca p nm trong khong:
A.3,125 4,5 p < < B. 3 4 p s s C. 2,5 6 p < s D. 1,5 3,125 p s s
Li gii:
2 2
1,1 ; 2,5
O SO
n x n x = =
2 2 3
2 2 SO O SO +
=>Hiu sut tnh theo
2
O
Ban u:
2 2
1,1 ; 2,5
O SO
n x n x = =
Phn ng:
2 2
1,1 2,2 nO hx nSO hx = =
Sau p:
2 2 3
1,1(1 ) ; (2,5 2,2 ); 2,2 nO h x nSO x h nSO hx = = =
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 41
3,6 4,5 4,5(3,6 1,1 )
, 0 1 3,125 4,5
3,6 1,1 3,6
truoc truoc
sau sau
n p x h
T V const p h p A
n p x hx p

= = = = < < < <

Bi 68. Cho 17,5 gamhn hp X gm 2 mui
3
MHCO v
2 3
M CO tc dng va vi dung dch
2
( ) Ca OH c
20 gamkt ta, Nu cng cho 17,5 gam tc dng vi dung dch
2
CaCl d c 10 gam kt ta, Cho 17,5 gam X tc
dng va vi V (l) KOH 2M, Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,2 lt B. 0,4 lt C. 0,3 lt D. 0,05 lt
Li gii:
3 2 3 2
2 3 2 3
( ) 0
( ) 2
MHCO Ca OH MOH CaCO H
M CO Ca OH CaCO MOH
+ + +

+ +

Gi s mol
3 2 3
: ; : ( ) MHCO x M CO y mol
Ta c:
0,2
( 61) (2 62) 17,5
0,1
x y
M x M y
y
+ =
+ + + =
=
0,1
18
x y
M
= =
`
=
)

3
0,1 0,05
KOH MHCO KOH
n n mol V l D = = =
Cu 69. Tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm vi
2 3
Fe O trong iu kin khng c khng kh, Chia hn hp thu c sau
phn ng ( trn u thnh 2 phn), Phn hai c khi lng nhiu hn phn 1 l 134 gam, Cho phn 1 tc dng vi
NaOH d thy c 16,8 l kh
2
H bay ra, Ha tan phn 2 HCl d thy c 84 lt kh bay ra, Tnh khi lng Fe to thnh
sau phn ng nhit nhm,
A.189 gam B.112 gam C. A v B ng D.Tt c u sai.
Li gii.
Gi khi lng phn 1 l x
khi lng ca phn 2 l x+134
V td vi NaOH d c
2
H nn hn hp cn d Al
Vy hn hp c Al,
2 3
Al O v Fe
2
16,8
0,75
22,4
H
n = = mol
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 3 Al NaOH H O NaAlO H + + +
( ) 1
0,75.2
0,5
3
Al
n mol = =
3 2
2 6 2 3 Al HCl AlCl H + +
a----------------
3
2
a


2 2
2 Fe HCl FeCl H + +
b-------------------------- b
Ta c:
3
3,75
2
b
a
+ =
Gi x,y,z l s mol ca Al, Fe,
2 3
Al O trong phn 1 v a,b,c l s mol ca Al, Fe,
2 3
Al O trong phn 2.
V
2 1
134 m m = + 27 56 102 27 56 102 134 a b c x y z + + = + + +
27( ) 56( ) 102( ) 134 a x b y c z + + = (.)
M hn hp c trn u nn a x b y c z = = (..) 0,724 m x=0,5 1,224 a =
1,914 b = 1,914 0,724 1,19 y = = 56(1,914 1,19) 173,824
Fe
m D = + =
Cu 70. Hn hp X khi lng 21,52 gam gm kim loi ha tr 2(khng phi l kimloi mnh) v mui nitrat ca n
, Nung X trong bnh kn n hon ton c cht rn Y, Bit Y phn ng va ht vi 600 ml dung dch
2 4
H SO 0,2M
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 42
v Y cng phn ng va ht vi 380 ml
3
HNO 1,333M to NO, Xc nh kim loi
A. Cu B.Pb C. Mg D. p n khc
Li gii.
Ta c 0,50654 H
+
=

Khi tc dng vi
3
HNO :
3 2
4 3 2 H NO e NO H O
+
+ +
2
2
2H O H O
+
+
0,24 0,12
Khi tc dng vi
2 4
H SO Gi s Kim loi M tc dng vi
2 4
H SO long Ta c
2
2
2H O H O
+
+
0,24 0,12
2
2
2H M M H
+ +
+ +
Trng hp ny loi v ko c M tha m
Gi s M ko tc dng vi
2 4
H SO 0,12( )
oxit
n mol => =
n
+
to
O
n l 0,26654(mol)
n e nhn =
0,26654,3
0,199905
4
=
=>s mol M d l 0,0999 mol
3 2 2
1
( ) 2
2
M NO MO NO O + +
X x 0,5x
2
1
2
M O MO +
y 0,5x y
to kh NO => s mol M d l 0,0999 mol
( 62,2) ( 0,999) 21,52
12
x M y M
x y
x y
+ + + =

+ =

64 M Cu A => = => .
Cu 71. Ho tan hon ton mgamhn hp
2 2 3
, Na O Al O vo nc c dung dch trong sut A. Thmdn dn dung
dch HCl 1M vo dung dch A nhn thy khi bt u thy xut hin kt ta th th tch dung dch HCl 1M cho vo
l 100ml cn khi cho vo 200ml hoc 600ml dung dch HCl 1M th u thu c a gam kt ta. Tnh a v m.
A. 7,8 ; 19,5 a g m g = = B. 15,6 ; 19,5 a g m g = = C. 7,8 ; 39 a g m g = = D. 15,6 ; 27,7 a g m g = =
Li gii:
"Thmdn dn dung dch HCl 1M vo dung dch A nhn thy khi bt u thy xut hin kt ta th th tch dung
dch HCl 1M cho vo l 100ml" d kin ny chng t trong dung dch A c NaOH d v
.
0,1( )
NaOH du
n mol =
Khi cho vo 200ml(
1
TN ) hoc 600ml(
2
TN ) dung dch HCl 1M th u thu c a gam kt ta chng t lng kt ta

1
TN cha cc i,cn
2
TN th lng t cc i v b tan 1 phn.
Gi s mol ca
2
NaAlO d
1
TN l x,lng KOH dng thm cho p vi
2
NaAlO
2
TN l 0,4( ) mol ,lng
KOH ny lmnhim v to thm 1 lng kt ta kt ta cc i,ng thi lm tan lng kt ta lng kt
ta cn li l a
2 2 3
( ) NaAlO HCl H O Al OH NaCl + + +
x x x
3 3 2
( ) 3 3 Al OH HCl AlCl H O + +
3 x x
Ta c 4 0,4 0.1 x x = =
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 43
2
0,1 0,1 0,2( ), 0,1 0,2 0,3( )
NaAlO bd NaOHbd
n mol n mol = + = = + =
2 3 2
0,1( ), 0,15( )
Al O Na O
n mol n mol = =
0,1.78 7,8( ), 0,1.102 0,15.62 19,5( ) a g m g A = = = + =
Cu 72. Ha tan ht 25,4 gam FeCl
2
vo dung dich cha 8 gam Br
2
thu c dung dch X. Ha tan dung dch X vo
NaOH d. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton (trong iu kin khng c khng kh ) thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr
ml:
A. 10,7 B. 21,4 C. 18 D. 19,7
Li gii.
Ta c:
2
2
0,2( ), 0,05
Fe Br
n mol n
+
= = .
Ta li c:
2
2
.1 .2
Fe Br
n n
+
> nn
2
Fe
+
d, to mui
2
Fe
+
v
3
Fe
+
.
Bo ton in tch: 0,2.2 0,05.2 0,5( )
OH Cl Br
n n n mol

= + = + =
Khi lng kt ta thu c l: 0,2.56 0,5.17 19,7( )
Fe OH
m m m g D

= + = + =
Li gii.
t
2 2
( ) 2 0,15 0,05 FeS Cu S x mol x x x = = + = = .
2 3
2
:0,025( )
:0,05( )
Fe O mol
Cu O mol

2 2 2 2 4
2 2 SO Br H O H SO HBr + + +
2 4
0,15( )
H SO
n mol =
Ta c cc phng trnh sau khi cho Y vo Z:
2 3 2 4 2 4 3 2
2 2 4 4 2
2 4 3 4 4
3 ( ) 3
( ) 2
Fe O H SO Fe SO H O
Cu O H SO CuSO Cu H O
Cu Fe SO CuSO FeSO
+ +

+ + +

+ +

Ta c cht rn khng tan l Cu d,
( )
0,05 0,025 0,025 1,6( )
Cu du
n m g C = = = .
Cu 73. Ha ton hon ton a gam
2
FeS vo dung dch
3
HNO , ch c kh mu nu bay ra l sn phm kh duy
nht. ng thi to ra dung dch X ch cha 3 loi ion (b qua s thy phn ca mui v s in li ca nc). Ly
1
10
X pha long bng nc ct thu c 2 lt dung dch Y c pH bng 2. Vy gi tr ca a l:
A. 1.6 gam. B. 16 gam. C. 2.4 gam. D. 24 gam.
Li gii.
t
2
( )
FeS
n x mol = , trong dung dch cha 3 loi ion: Chc chn c
3
Fe
+
v
2
4
SO

, ion cn li l H
+
v dung dch
sau phn ng c 2 pH = .
( )
10.0,01.2 0,2( )
H X
n mol
+
= = .
p dng nh lut bo ton in tch ta c: 0,2 3 2 .2 0,2 x x x + = =
Vy ta c: 0,2.120 24( ) a g D = = .
Cu 74. Hn hp gm Na, Al, Fe phn ng ht vi
2 4
( ) H SO l thu c V lt
2
H . Nu thay Na v Fe bng kim loi
ha tr II c khi lng bng
1
2
tng khi lng Na v Fe trong hn hp X, Khi lng Al khng i th c hn
hp Y. Ha tan hon ton Y trong
2 4
( ) H SO l cng thu c V lt
2
H (cc kh o cng iu kin, nhit , p sut).
Xc nh kim loi M?
A .Mg. B. Fe. C. Ba. D. Be
Li gii.
Ta gi s hn hp khng c Al th bi ton vn ng.
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 44
Nu hn hp ch gm Na th ta c:
23
.2 23
2
Na
n M
M
= =
Nu hn hp ch gm Fe th ta c:
56
. 2 . 2 28
2
Fe
n M
M
= =
Vy ta c: 23 28 M < < , vy M l Mg A .
Cu 75. Dung dch A gm NaOH 1M v
2
( ) 0,5 Ba OH M . Dung dch B gm
3
AlCl 1M v
2 4 3
( ) Al SO 0,5M. Cho
1
V lt dung dch A vo
2
V lt dung dch B thu c
2
427,5V (gam) kt ta. T s
1 2
: V V l:
A. 2,537 B. 3,5 C. 3 D. A hoc B

Li gii. Chn
2
1( ) V l = , ta c:
4
3 1
2 2 1
2( ) 2
: :
1,5( ) 0,5
Al OH
SO Ba
n mol n V
Dung dich A va Dung dich B
n mol n V
+
+
= =


= =


Trng hp 1:
1
3 V s ta c:
Khi lng kt ta l:
1
1 1
2
.78 0,5 .233 427,5 2,537( )
3
V
m V V thoa = + = =
Trng hp 2:
1
3 4 V < s , ta c:
Khi lng kt ta:
1 1
(42 2 )78 1,5.233 427,5 3,5( ) m V V thoa = + = =
Trng hp 3:
1
4 V > , khi lng kt ta thu c l: 1,5.233 427,5( ) m loai = =/
Ch : Trong bi ton s dng CT:
3
4.
kt Al OH
n n n
+
= khi ta c:
3 3
3. 4.
Al OH Al
n n n
+ +
s s . D chng minh kt
qu ny bng cc phng trnh ha hc.
D .
Cu 76. Ha tan m gamhn hp X gm Cu, Al vo dung dch HCl d thy c 2 gamcht rn khng tan. Nu trn
thm4 gamMg vo 0.5mgamX th c hn hp Y .Hm lng % theo khi lng ca Al trong Y nh hn
trong X l 33.33%. Khi cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH th th tch
2
H thu c ktc nhiu hn 2 lt.
Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca Cu trong X l:
A. 40% B. 16.67% C. 18.64% D. 30%
Li gii.
Cht rn khng tan l Cu, suy ra trong mgamhn hp X c 2 gam Cu.
Ta li c:
12
2 0,5( 2) 1
4 0,5 4 3
m
m m
m m m
=
=

= +

.
V do:
0,5( 2) 3 4
. 2
27 2 24
m
+ > nn ta c: 12 m =
Suy ra:
2
% 16,67%
12
Cu = =

Cu 77. Ha tan ln lt a gamMg, b gamFe, c gamoxit st vo dung dch
2 4
( ) H SO l d thu c 1,23 lt kh
A 27
o
C , 1atmv dung dch B . Ly
1
5
dung dch B tc dng va vi 60 ml dung dch
4
KMnO 0,05M thu
c dung dch C . Bit trong dung dch C c 7,274 gammui trung ha. Tmcng thc oxit st v a, b, c.
A. ; 0,36 ; 1,9 ; 9 FeO a g b g c g = = =

B.
2 3
; 0,36 ; 1 ; 9,1 Fe O a g b g c g = = =
C.
3 4
; 0,36 ; 1,96; 9,28 Fe O a g b c g = = =

D. Kt qu khc.

Li gii.
2
0,05( )
H
n mol =
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 45
t x,y,z ln lt l s mol ca Mg,Fe v oxit st. Ta c
4
5.0,06.0,05 0,015( )
KMnO
n mol = =
Khi lng mui trung ho 7,274.5 36,37
trunghoa
m gam = =
2 4 4 2
Mg H SO MgSO H + > +
2 4 4 2
Fe H SO FeSO H + > +
4 4 2 4 2 4 3 2 4 4 2
10 2 8 ( ) 2 8 FeSO KMnO H SO Fe SO K SO MnO H O + + > + + +
Khi lng mui to thnh
2 4 3 2 4 4
( ) , , Fe SO K SO MnSO
0,375.400 0,0075.174 0,015.151 18,57 ) gam + + =
Trong dung dch C cn li mt lng mui l :36,37-18,57=17,8gam l mui
4
MgSO
4 4
17,8 0,148( )
MgSO MgSO
m gam n mol
>
= ~
=>
2
0,148 0,05
H
n mol mol = > (v l)
Dung dch B cha
2 4 3
( ) Fe SO
Nu
4
FeSO
n =0,075moldo
4
FeSO cung cp th
2
nH =0,075mol>0,05mol(v l)
Vy oxit st tc dng vi
2 4
H SO ng thi to 2 mui => Cng thc oxit st l
3 4
Fe O C
Cu 78. Mt hp cht X c khi lng phn t bng 103. Cho 51,5 gam X phn ng ht vi 500 ml dung dch
NaOH 1,2 M, thu c dung dch Y trong c mui ca AminoAxit v ancol (c khi lng phn t ln hn khi
lng phn t
2
O ). C cn Y thu m gam cht rn. Gi tr m l:
A. 52,50 B. 24,25 C. 26,25 D. 48,50
Li gii.
X l este ca aminoaxit.
Ta c: Ancol thu c c KL ln hn 32 nn d suy ra X c CT l:
2 2 2 5
H N CH COOC H .
D thy NaOH d nn:
0,5.1,2.40 51,5 0,5.46 52,5( )
NaOH X ancol
m m m m g A = + = + =

Cu 79. Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt
2
CO (ktc) vo 200ml dung dch cha
2 3
Na CO 0,5M v NaOH 0,75M thu
c dung dch X. Cho dung dch
2
BaCl d vo dung dch X thu c kt ta c khi lng l:
A. 29,55 gam. B. 19,7 gam. C. 9,85 gam. D. 39,4 gam.
Li gii.
2
0,2( )
CO
n mol = , d tnh c khi cho
2
CO vo th trong dung dch c:
3
3
2
0,05
0,25
CO
HCO
n
n

Khi lng kt ta l: 0,05.197 9,85( ) m g C = = .
Cu 80. Ho tan hon ton Al vo cc cha 500ml dung dch HNO
3
0,6M thu c dung dch X khng cha mui
amoni v 604,8ml(ktc) hn hp kh Y gm
2
N O v
2
N c t khi vi
2
H bng 18,5. Thmdn dn dung dch
NaOH 2M vo dung dch X ti khi khng cn phn ng ho hc xy ra th th tch dung dch NaOH dng l:
A. 120ml B. 123ml C. 160ml D. 163ml
Li gii.
Ta d tnh c:
3 2 2
0,3( ), 0,015( ), 0,012( )
HNO N O N
n mol n mol n mol = = = .
3
( )
0,3 0,015.10 0,012.12 0,006( )
HNO du
n mol = =
Khi cho NaOH ti d vo dung dch X th ta s c 4 Al NaOH + v
3
HNO NaOH + , do th tch NaOH dng
l:
0,015.8 0,012.10
0,006 .4 0,326( )
3
NaOH
n mol
+
= + =
Suy ra p n D.
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 46
Cu 81. Cho 12,25g
3
KClO vo dung dch HCl(c d), kh
2
Cl thot ra cho tc dng ht vi kim loi M thu c
38,10g hn hp cht rn X. Cho X vo dung dch
3
AgNO d, thu c 118,5 gam kt ta. Cc phn ng u xy ra
hon ton. M l:
A. Fe B. Mg C. Zn D. Cu
Li gii.
3 2 2
6 3 3 KClO HCl Cl KCl H O + + +
Do :
2
0,3( )
Cl
n mol =
Khi cho X vo
3
AgNO d th ta c ton b $Cl$ s v AgCl , suy ra: 0,6( )
AgCl
n mol = .
Do
3
AgNO d nn kt ta gm Ag v AgCl, suy ra: 0,3( )
Ag
n mol = .
Gi M, n ln lt l KL mol v ha tr cao nht ca KL M, bo ton e cho c qu trnh ta c:
38,1 0,3.71 56
. 0,3 0,3.2 .
3
n M n
M

= + =
Suy ra: 3 n = v 56. M A =
Cu 82. Cho m(g) hh NaBr, NaI phn ng ht vi dd
2 4
H SO c nng thu c hh kh X k thng. k thch
hp X phn ng va vi nhau to thnh 9,6 gamcht rn mu vng v 1 cht lng khng lm i mu qu tm.g tr
ca m l
A. 50,6 B. 240 C. 404,8 D. 260,6
Li gii.
Cht rn mu vng l S: 0,3( )
S
n mol =

2 4 2 4 2 2 2
2 2 2 (1) NaBr H SO Na SO Br SO H O + + + +
( ) ( )
2
x
x mol mol
2 4 2 2 2
8 5 4 2 4 4 4 (2) NaI H SO Na SO I H S H O + + + +
( ) ( )
8
y
y mol mol
2 2 2
2 3 2 (3) H S SO S H O + +
( ) ( )0,3( )
2 8
x y
mol mol mol
0,1
0,2( )
2
1,6( )
0,2
8
x
x mol
y y mol

=


=

Vy 0,2.103 1,6.150 260,6( ) m g D = + =

Cu 83. Cho hn hp gm canxi cacbua v nhm cacbua vo nc c hn hp kh A c t l mol 1:1.Nung hn
hp A
0
1500 C thu c hn hp kh B. Cho B qua
3 3
/ AgNO NH d c 48g kt ta v hn hp kh C thot ra
c t khi so vi
2
H l 3,8. Hiu sut p nhit phn l:
A. 50%. B. 25%. C. 75%. D. 80%.
Li gii:
Phn ng
2 2 2 2 2
2 ( ) CaC H O Ca OH C H + +
4 3 2 3 4
12 4 ( ) 3 Al C H O Al OH CH + +
Gii s ban u c x(mol) mi cht
Khi
2 2
( )
C H
n x mol = v
4
3 ( )
CH
n x mol =
Phn ng nhit phn
4 2 2 2
2 3 CH C H H +
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 47
3
(3 )
2 2
a a
x a
Sau khi nhit phn 4 ( )
khi
n x a mol = + trong
2 2
2
C H
a
n x = +
Ta c
2 2
48
0,2( ) 2 0,4
2 240
C H
a
x n mol a x + = = = + =

Sau khi dn qua
3 3
/ AgNO NH mt i
2 2
0,2( ) mol C H
Khi lng hn kh sau l 26 16.3 0,2.26 74 5,2( ) x x x g + =

S mol hn hp kh sau 4 0,2 n x a = +
Ta c
74 5,2 74 5,2 4 6
7,6 7,6
4 0,2 2 0,2 35 35
C
x x
M x a
x a x

= = = = =
+ +


Hiu sut ca phn ng 50
3
a
H A
x
= =
Cu 84. Cho 11,36 gamhn hp gm
2 3 3 4
, , , Fe FeO Fe O Fe O phn ng ht vi dung dch
3
HNO long d thu c
1,344 lt kh NO sn phm kh duy nht ( ktc) v dung dch X. Dung dch X c th ho tan c ti a 11,2 gam
Fe. S mol ca
3
HNO c trong dung dch ban u l:
A. 0,94 mol. B. 0,64 mol. C. 0,86 mol. D. 0,78 mol.
Li gii:
Cch 1. Quy i hn hp v : ( ) Fe x mol ; : ( ) O y mol v z l s mol acid d.
Ta c:56 16 11,36( ) x y mol + =
Trc khi cho Fe th:
3
( )
Fe
n x mol
+
= v
3
( )
HNO
n z mol =
Phn ng:
3 2
2 3 Fe Fe Fe
+ +
+
2
x
x
2
3 2
3 8 2 3 2 4 Fe H NO Fe NO H O
+ +
+ + + +
3
8
z
z
4
z

Ta c:
3
0,2
2 8
x z
+ =
Khi cho hn hp vo
3
HNO sau li cho Fe vo th chung quy to ra
2
Fe
+

p dng nh lut bo ton electron ta c:
3
2 0,2.2 2 0,06.3
4
z
x y + = + +
Gii cc pt trn ta c: 0,16( ) x mol = ; 0,15( ) y mol = v 0,32( ) z mol =
3
0,06 0,16.3 0,3 2 0,86( )
HNO
n mol C = + + =

Cch 2.
Quy i hn hp u thnh : ( ) Fe x mol ; : ( ) O y mol
S dng nh lut BTKL v BT electron ta c h
56 16 11,36 0,16
3 2 0,06.3 0,15
x y x
x y y
+ = =

= =

PTHH
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 48
3 3 3 2
2 ( ) 3 ( ) Fe NO Fe Fe NO +
0,16 ....... 0,08
3 3 2 2
3 8 3 ( ) 2 4 Fe HNO Fe NO NO H O + + +
0,12.. 0,32
3
0,32 0,16.3 0,06 0,86( )
HNO
n mol C = + + =
Cu 85. Nhng 1 thanh Mg vo dung dch cha 0,6 mol
3 3
( ) Fe NO v 0,05 mol
3 2
( ) Cu NO ,sau 1 thi gian ly
thanh kimloi ra v cn th thy khi lng tng 11,6g.Tnh khi lng Mg phn ng.
A. 24( ) m g = . B. 21( ) m g = . C. 16,8( ) m g = . D. 19,2( ) m g = .
Li gii.
Trc tin Mg kh
3
Fe
+
ht trc.
3 2 2
2 2 Mg Fe Mg Fe
+ + +
+ +
0,3-----0,6------------------------0,6 (mol)
V lc ny khng c kimloi to ra nn khi lng thanh gim 0,3.24(g) ri
Tip theo
2 2
Mg Cu Mg Cu
+ +
+ +
0,05---0,05----------------------0,05
Phn ng ny tng: 0,05.40 2( ) g =
Nh vy vn cn gim 5,2(g)
Tip
2 2
Mg Fe Mg Fe
+ +
+ +
Phn ng ny phi tng 16,8 (g)
32 16,8 0,525( ) x x mol = = (nhn)
Vy ( ) 0,525 0,05 0,3 21
Mg
n m g B = + + =

.



























http://boxmath.vn
Trang 49




Cu 1. Hn hp kh X gm
2
H ankin A v anken B c cng s nguyn t C. T khi ca X so vi Heli bng 3,9. Dn
hn hp X qua bi Ni nung nng sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi hn hp
ban u l
20
9
. CTPT ca A v B l?
A.
3 4
C H v
3 6
C H B.
4 6
C H v
4 8
C H
C. C A v B u sai. D. C A v B ng.
Li gii:
Hn hp u
1
15,6 M = v hn hp sau:
2
104
3
M =
Ta gi s c 1 (mol) hn hp u, suy ra s mol hn hp sau:
2
15,6.3
0,45( )
104
n mol = =
S mol gim chnh l
2
H phn ng.
Ta gi s
2
H ht.
V ankin v anken cng s C do chnh lch khi lng mol cht ln nht v nh nht khng qu 4.
Tnh ra
,
15,6 0,55.2
32,22
0,45
A B
M

= =
Nh vy khng c cht no tho c.
Trng hp cn li l
2
H d.th
2
, ,
15,6 0,55.2
32,22
0,45
A B H
M

= =
n y ta c th chn 2 cp:
a.
3 4
C H v
3 6
C H
b.
4 6
C H v
4 8
C H
(lu l cc cht A, B th kh).
Chn D

Cu 2. Kh X l n cht, kh Y l Hidrocacbon mch h. Hn hp ca X, Y c c im:
- T khi ca hn hp (X + Y) cng s mol so vi kh oxi l 1,5
- T khi ca hn hp (X + Y) cng khi lng so vi kh Nit l 1,64
Kh Y l:
A. Ankan B. Anken C. Ankin D. Aren
Li gii:
Cng s mol: 1,5.32 96
2
X Y
X Y
+
= + =

Cng khi lng:
2 1 1 2
45,92
45,92
m
m m
X Y
Y X
= + =
+

Suy ra 2204,16 XY =
Tmra:
2
38( ) X F = v
4 10
58( ) Y C H A =
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 50

Cu 3. Trn ru
3 7
C H OH vi
3
CH COOH ri chia lmhai phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho tc dng ht vi Na thu
c 3,36 lt
2
H (ktc). Phn 2 un nng cho xy ra phn ng este ha, sau mt thi gian, ngui ri cho tc dng
ht vi Na, thu c 2,24 lt
2
H (ktc). Vy s gam este to ra l:
A. 5,1 B. 10,2 C. 15,3 D. 20,4
Li gii:
Gi
3 7
3
: ( )
: ( )
C H OH x mol
CH COOH y mol

V ( ) a mol l s mol to este
Ta c: 0,3 x y + =
Dung dch cn li c th c
3 7
C H OH d ( )( ) x a mol ,
3
CH COOH d ( )( ) y a mol ,
Este to thnh l ( )
este
n a mol = v ( )
2
H O
n a mol =
Phn 2 tc dng 0,2 Na x a y a a + + =
0.1 10,2
este
a m g B = =

Cu 4. Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X (ktc) gm hai hidrocacbon mch h li t t qua bnh cha 1,4 lt dung dch
2
Br
0,5M .Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton , s mol
2
Br gim i mt n v khi lng bnh tng ln thm 6,7 gam
.Cng thc phn t ca hai hidrocacbon l:
A.
3 6
C H v
3 4
C H B.
2 2
C H v
3 6
C H
C.
2 2
C H v
4 8
C H . D. Kt qu khc..
Li gii:
Phn ng
2
0.35( )
Br
n mol =
0,2
hh
n = 1 ankin 1 anken
0,2 0,05
2 0,35 0,15
x y x
x y y
+ = =

+ = =


0.05.(14 ) 0.15.(14 2) 6.7 3 10 n m n m + = => + =
, 2
2
m n
m
>

v
4 8
4 n C H = v
2 2
C H C

Cu 5. Tripeptit M v tetrapeptit Q u c to ra t mt amino axit X mch h, phn t c mt nhm
2
NH Phn
trm khi lng ca N trong X l 18,667%. Thu phn khng hon ton mgamhn hp M, Q (t l mol 1 : 1) trong
mi trng axit thu c 0,945 gam M ; 4,62 gam ipeptit v 3,75 gamX. Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,135g. B. 5,58g C. 58,725g D. 8,389g
Li gii:
Ta c:
14
75
18,667%
X
M = =

2 2
: CT H CH H N COO

Thy phn hon ton ( ) 3 4
X
n x x mol = +

0,945 4,62 3,75
3 4 .3 .2
189 132 75
x x + = + +
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 51

( )
27
1400
x mol =

0,027.(189 246) 8,667 m D = + =

Cu 5. Hn hp kh X gm trimetylamin v hai hidrocacbon ng ng lin tip. t chy hon ton 100 ml hn hp
X bng mt lng va Oxi th thu c 650 ml hn hp kh Y gm cc kh v hi nc.Nu cho Y i qua dung
dch axit
2 4
H SO c d th cn li 350 ml kh ( Cc th tch o cng iu kin). Cng thc phn t ca hai
hidrocacbon l:
A.
3 8 4 10
& C H C H B.
2 4 3 6
& C H C H C.
3 6 4 8
& C H C H D.
2 6 3 8
& C H C H
Li gii:
Tnh ra
2
300
H O
V =
S nguyn t H trung bnh: 6 N =
Ta c: trimetylamin c CT:
3 9
C H N
Nh vy 2 hidrocacbon phi c s H trung bnh b hn 6 th ch c B l ph hp thi.
Chn B

Cu 6. Hn hp X gm 2 este n chc. Cho 0.5 mol X tc dng vi dung dch
3 3
/ AgNO NH d thu c 43.2g
A . g . Cho 14.08 gamX tc dng vi dung dch KOH va thu c hn hp 2 mui ca 2 axit ng ng lin tip
v 8.256 g hn hp 2 ancol no n chc ng ng lin tip, mch h.Cng thc ca 2 ancol l :
A.
4 9
C H OH v
5 11
C H OH B.
3
CH OH v
2 5
C H OH
C.
2 5
C H OH v
3 7
C H OH D.
3 7
C H OH v
4 9
C H OH
Li gii:
Cch 1.
To phn ng vi
3 3
/ AgNO NH nn trong 2 este c 1 este c gc HCOOR
theo d kin th 2 th 2 mui c gc lin tip nn gc este c gc
3
' CH COOR
0,2
HCOOR
n mol =
3
0,3
CH COOR
n mol
'
=
14,08g X c 0,2k mol HCOOR v 0,3k mol
3
CH COOR'
Ta c h
.0,2( 17) .0,3( 17) 8,256
.0,2( 45) .0,3( 59) 14,08
k R k R
k R k R
' + + + =

+ + + =

k=0,32
T h ta gii 14 R R ' = + hoc 14 R R ' =
Ta c 43 R = v 29 R' =
Nn 2 ancol l
2 5
C H OH v
3 7
C H OH
p n: C
Cch 2.
T bi ta suy ra CT 2 este l:
1
HCOOR v
3 2
CH COOR gi x v y l s mol tng ng ca chng trong 14,08g
Ta c:
2
3
x
y
= .
Dng tng gim: ta c pt 28 42 5,824 x y + =
Gii h: ta c 0,064 , 0,096 x mol y mol = =
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 52
Ta c:
1 2
0,064( 17) 0,096( 17) 8.256 R R + + + =
1 2
1,5 86,5 R R > + =
c 2 TH:
1 2
14 R R = hoc
2 1
14 R R =
p n:
2 5
C H OH v
3 7
C H OH C

Cu 7. X phng ho hon ton 12,5g cht bo c ch s x phng l 224., thu c 13,03g mui( Gi thit gc axit
trong este v axit t do l nh nhau). Ly ton b lng glyxerol sinh ra em iu ch thuc n trinitro glyxerat. Ch
s axit v khi lng thuc n thu c l:
A.6,5 v 5,942g B. 5,6 v 4,125g C. 22,4 v 3,045g D. 7 v 4,125g

Li gii:
NaOH
(12,5.10-3.224)
n 0,05
39
mol = = .
glyxerol
n a = ,
2
H O
n b =
3a b 0,05 + =
BTKL:
2
chat beo NaOH muoi glyxerol H O
m m m m m

+ = + + 12,5 0,05.40 13,03 92a 18b + = + +

`
a 0,015 v b 0,005 a = =
Ch s axit:
0,005.56.1000
22,4
12,5
=
Thuc n l: ( )
3 5 2
3
C H ONO
m 0,015.227 3,405g C = =
Cu 8. Dn 47g hn hp 2 ru qua Al
2
O
3
d nhit cao thu c hn hp ete, olefin, H
2
O v ru d. Tch ly
nc thu c hn hp B. Ly nc cho tc dng vi K d thu c 4,704(l) H
2
. Lng olefin phn ng va vi
1,35(l) dd Br
2
0,2M. Phn ete v ru d chim th tch V= 16,128 (l) ( 136,5
O
C v 1atm). Bit hiu sut to thnh
mi olefin l nh nhau v s mol cc ete bng nhau. Hiu sut to thnh mi olefin l:
A. 20% B. 50% C. 25% D. 30%

Li gii:
2
H
n 0,21mol = .
S mol ete v ru d l : n=0,48mol.
S mol anken: n=0,27mol.
Ta c:
RCH
2
-CH
2
-OH RCH=CH
2
+H
2
O v 2RCH
2
CH
2
OH (RCH
2
CH
2
)
2
O +H
2
O
0,27 0,27 0,27 0,3 0,15 0,21.2-0.27=0,15 (mol)
Suy ra: 9 , 0 15 , 0 48 , 0 3 , 0 27 , 0 = + + =
ancol
n
Hiu sut to thnh olefin:
0,27
.100% 30%
0.9
H D = =
Cu 9. Chia hn hp 2 ru thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
Phn 1: Cho vo bnh kn chn khng c dung tch 0,9 (l), sau cho bay hi 136,5
o
C v p sut p= 851,2mmHg.
Phn 2: un vi H
2
SO
4
c 140
o
C thu c 0,742g hh 3 ete. Tch ly ru cha phn ng( bao gm 40% ru c
phn t lng nh v 60% ru c phn t lng ln) ri un vi H
2
SO
4
c 180
o
C thu c V (l) olefin. Gi thit
hiu sut to thnh mi olefin l nh nhau v 100%. Hai ancol c phn t lng hn km nhau 28 (vc). Gi tr ca V
l: (ktc)
A. 0,336 B. 0,112 C. 1,12 D. 0,3584
Li gii:
T phn 1 tnh ra s mol ancol: n=0,03mol.
Gi x,y mol ln lt l s mol ca R-OH (M) v R-C
2
H
4
-OH (M+28) x+y =0,03
Ta c: khi tch ra ch c 40% ruu nh v 60% ru ln do phn ng l 60% nh v 40% ln.
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 53
2
4 , 0 6 , 0
2
y x
n
O H
+
=

p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng:
0,6 0,4( 28) 0,742 9(0,6 0,4 ) Mx M y x y + + = + +
Suy ra: 0,6 (0,03 ) 0,4 11,2 0,742 9(0,6.0,03 0,6 0,4 ) M y My y y y + + = + +
0,018 0,904
0 0,03 42,8 50 46
0,2 13
M
y M M
M

< = < < < =

0,02 0,01( ) y x mol = =
Tnh ra 22,4.(0,4 0,6 ) 0,3584( ). V x y l D = + = .

Cu 10. Hn hp M gm 2 ru n chc. Chia 45,6g M thnh 3 phn bng nhau. Cho phn 1 tc dng vi Na d
thu c 3,36(l) kh H
2
. Phn 2 un nng vi CuO d thu c M
1
gm 2 andehit. M
1
phn ng vi AgNO
3
/NH
3
d
thu c 86,4g Ag. Phn 3 em t chy ri dn ton b sn phm chy hp th ht vo 500ml dd NaOH thu c
65,4g mui. Nng ca NaOH l:
A. 4M B. 1,5M C. 1,75M D. 2M

Li gii:
Mi phn c khi lng 15,2 gam
Do cc ru u n chc nn s mol ru l
2
2 0,3
ancol H
n n = =
Vy khi lng mol trung bnh ca ru l: 50,67
ancol
M =
Vy ancol c phn t khi nh hn l ancol metylic hoc etylic.
Xt phn ng th 2, ta c 0,8( )
Ag
n mol = nn nu c hai ru u khng l
3
CH OH th s mol ancol l
: 2 0,4 0,3
ancol Ag
n n = = >
Vy ancol c PTK nh hn l
3
CH OH
Gi s mol ca hai ancol theo th t c PTK tng dn l x v y
Ta c h phng trnh 0,3 x y + = v 4 2 0,8 x y + =
Suy ra 0,1 x = v 0,2 y =
D dng suy ra ancol th hai l
3 8
C H OH
Vy
2
0,1.1 0,2.3 0,7
CO
n mol = + =
Gi s mol
2
CO trong phn ng to ra
3
NaHCO v
2 3
Na CO ln lt l a v b
Ta c 0,7 a b + = v 84 106 65,4 a b + =
Suy ra 0,4 a = v 0,3 b =
Vy 2 1
NaOH
n a b = + =
Vy 2
M
C D =

Cu 11. Cho 16g t n CaC
2
vo nc d. Kh C
2
H
2
to thnh em trn ln vi H
2
thu c hn hp X, dn X qua
Pd nhit cao thu c hh ch Y gm cc hidrocacbon. Cho Y qua dd AgNO
3
/NH
3
d thu c 14,4g kt ta, kh
cn li lmmt mu hon ton 12,64g KMnO
4
trong dd thu c cht hu c A. Cho A qua CuO nhit thu c B
a chc. B phn ng va ht vi 39,2 g Cu(OH)
2
trong NaOH to ra mui C. T khi ca X sao vi H
2
v khi lng
mui C l:
A. 6,9 v 13,4 B. 13,4 v 13,8 C. 6,62 v 13,4 D. 13,8 v 11,2
Li gii:
mol n n mol n n mol n n
KMnO H C C Ag H C CaC H C
12 , 0 .
2
3
, 06 , 0 , 25 , 0
4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= = = = = =
Bo ton C mol n
H C
07 , 0
6 2
=
m
X
=m
Y
=7,02g
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 54
Trong X:
mol n
H
2 , 0 12 , 0 2 . 07 , 0
2
= + =

62 , 6
) 25 , 0 28 , 0 ( 2
02 , 7
2
=
+
=
H
X
d
Mui l: NaOOC-COONa=0,1 mol m=13,4g C

Cu 12. Hn hp A gm 0,1 mol
2 2
C H , 0,15 mol buta-1,3-dien, 0,1 mol cyclopropan, 0,25 mol metylcyclopropan;
0,2 mol but-1,2,3-trien; 0,15 mol andehit axetic tc dng vi 1 mol
2
H . Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c
hn hp B. Dn B qua dung dch ( ) ( )
3
2
[ ] Ag NH OH d thu c 22,8g kt ta v thy thot ra 19,04 (l) hn hp
kh C (ktc) c t khi so vi hidro l
444
17
. Nu dn ton b C qua brom d th s mol
2
Br phn ng l:
A. 0,45 mol B. 0,35 mol C. 0,3 mol D. 0,25 mol
Li gii:
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng :
( ) 47,9
B
m g =
( ) 44,4
C
m g = .
Khi lng b hp th l 3,5 g.
( )
240 216 22,8
0,05
26 44 3,5
x y
x y mol
x y
+ =
= =

+ =

Nh vy b cc kh hp th ra th
Tng s lin kt trong A l: 1,45 (mol)
S lin kt b bo ho l 1(mol)
Cn li 0,45 (mol)
( ) 0,45 n mol A = .
Cu 13. t chy hon ton 3,24g hh X gm 2 cht hu c A v B khc dy ng ng ( trong A v B hn km
nhau 1 nguyn t C) thu c H
2
O v 9,24g CO
2
. Bit t khi ca X so vi H
2
l 13,5. Thnh phn % khi lng ca
cht c phn t lng nh hn l:
A. 72,22% B. 27,78% C. 81,78% D. 18,22%
Li gii:

2
0,21( ),
CO
n mol = n
X
= ( )
3,24
0,12
2.13,5
X
n mol = =
75 , 1
12 , 0
21 , 0
= =
nC

Phn t lng nh hn c 1C cng vi gi thit M
CxHyOz
<27 CH
4

Cht cn li l C
2
H
y
O
z
H:

=
=

= +
= +
09 , 0
03 , 0
21 , 0 2
12 , 0
b
a
b a
b a

Suy ra: 0,03.16 0,09(24 16 ) 3,24 16 6,67 y z y z + + + = + = (loi)
Trng hp cn li: C
2
H
2
Th: 0,09.26+0,03(12+y+16z)=3,24 (y+16z)=18
CH
2
O (metanal)
Phn trm: %=
0,09.26
.100 72,22%
3,24
A =
Cu 14. Mt hn hp X o 82
o
C , 1 atmgm anken A v
2
H c t l th tch l 1:1. Cho X qua Ni nung nng thu
c hn hp Y (hiu sut H%). Bit t khi hi ca Y so vi
2
H l 23,2. Cng thc no ca A khng ng
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 55
2 4
. AC H
4 8
. B C H
6 12
. C C H
5 10
. DC H
Li gii:
Cch 1.
Gi cng thc v s mol anken ln lt l
2 n n
C H v x
Phn ng
2 2 2 2 n n n n
C H H C H
+
+
Do phn ng c th cha hon ton nn s mol ca Y l a, vi x le a le 2x
Ta c
(14 2) (14 2) (14 2)
2
n x n x n x
x a x
+ + +
s s
14 1 46,4 28 2 n n + s s +
3,2 6,5 n < <
Vy 4 n = hoc 5 n = hoc 6 n A =
Cch 2.
CT anken:
2 n n
C H Gi s c 1mol mi cht phn ng:
p:
2 2 2 2 n n n n
C H H C H
+
+ >
h h h
Ta c:
14 2
23,2.2
2
n
h
+
=

M: 0 1 h s s Nn 3,2 6,5 n A s s

Cu 15. t cht hon ton hn hp X gm amoniac, metylamin, imetylamin, etylmetylamin bng mt lng
khng kh va sau dn ton b sn phm qua bnh ng
2 5
PO d th thy khi lng bnh tng 11,52g v thot
ra 75,264 (l) kh (ktc). Nu ly ton b X trn tc dng vi
2 4
H SO d th khi lng mui to ra l:
A. 50g. B. 60g C. 16,16g D. 24g
Li gii:
X c CT chung
2 3 n n
C H N
+
:
2 3 2 2 2 2
2 3 2 3 1
4 2 2
n n
n n
C H N n O nCO H O N
+
+ + | |
+ + + +
|
\ .

a
2 3
.
4
n
a n
+ | |
+
|
\ .
an
2 3
.
2
n
a
+ | |
|
\ .

2
a
(mol)
Ta c:
2 3 3
. 0,64 0,64
2 2
n a
a mol an
+ | |
= + =
|
\ .
(1)
Kh thot gm c oxi v nito.
2 3 75,264 7
4 . 3,36 7 3,36
4 2 22,4 2
n a a
a n an mol an
+ | |
+ + + = = + =
|
\ .
(2).
Gii h gm 1 v 2: a=0,16 v an=0,4 2,5 n = .
2 1 2 2 4 2 1 3 4 n n n n
C H NH H SO C H NH HSO
+ +
+ ( V acid d nn to mui acid).
0,4 0,4 (mol)
0,4.52 0,4.98 60
muoi
m g B = + =
Cu 16. Hn hp A gm 0,03mol hn hp 2 cht ( ) ( )
2
OO
x y
H N R C H (x 3y = v gc R c 2 v + s ) v este no
n chc mch h. t chy hon ton A thu c 0,05mol
2
CO v 0,07 mol
2
H O. Cho ton b A trn phn ng
vi
2
HNO d thu c V (l) kh. Gi tr ln nht ca V l:
A. 5,376 (l) B. 6,72 (l) C. 5,6 (l) D. 6,272 (l)
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Trang 56
Li gii:
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
OO ; 2
n n k x y
x y
H N C H C H k
+
s .
Hay
2 2 2 2 n y n k x x y
C H N O
+ + +

( )
2 2
1 1 1 0
2 2 2
H O CO
x x y
n n n k n y k y k = + + + = + = + >
0,07 0,05
ax 1- k+ min
2
1
2
X
y
n m
y
k

=
+
1 1 1
2 2
y y
k + > > (chn y=4).
( ) 0,02
X
n mol = .
( )
2 2
12
12 H N N
0,02 0,24 (mol) ( ) 5,376 V l A =
Cu 17: Hn hp X gm anehit A (no, n chc, mch h) v hirocacbon B, c tng s mol l 0,3 (s mol ca A
nh hn s mol ca B). t chy hon ton X, thu c 13,44 lt kh
2
CO (iu kin tiu chun) v 10,8 gam
2
H O.
Hirocacbon B l:
A.
2 2
C H B.
4
CH C.
2 4
C H D.
3 6
C H
Li gii:
Nhn xt :do
2 2
H O CO
n n = nn B l anken.Loi A,B
0,6
2
0,3
C = =
Gi
A
n x = ,
B
n y = (v
B A
n n > nn 0,3 y > )
Nu tn ti s 2 C < th phi l A v aken c 2 C >
A lc ny l HCHO
Ta c 0,6 x ny + = v 0,3 x y + =
Suy ra ( 1) 0,3 n y =
.V 2 n > nn 0,3 y < v l
Vy 2 C = hay
3
CH CHO v
2 4
C H C
Cu 18. Thc hin phn ng este ha gia ru pentanpenta-1-2-3-4-5-ol v hn hp hai axit
3
CH COOH v
HCOOH th thu c ti a bao nhiu gameste c cu to i xng v to c kh vi Na ?.
A. 18 B. 16 C. 14 D. 12
Li gii:
t :
2 3
R CH COO = v
2
R HCOO =
Ta c: ( ) C C C R C C c 2 CT.
( ) ( ) C C R C C R C c 2 CT.
( ) ( ) C R C C C C R c 2 CT.
( ) ( ) ( ) C C R C R C R C c 2 CT.
2 1 2
( ) ( ) ( ) C C R C R C R C c 2 CT.
( ) ( ) ( ) C R C C R C C R c 4 CT.
2 1 1 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) C R C R C C R C R c 2 CT.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) C R C R C C R C R c 2 CT.
18
n
A =

Cu 19. t chy hon ton 5,1 gamcht hu c A cn va 10,08 lt
2
O (iu kin tiu chun). Hp th ht sn
phm chy (ch gm
2
CO v
2
H O) vo nc vi trong c 20 gam kt ta. Lc b kt ta ri un nng nc lc
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 57
li c 5 gam kt ta. Bit A khng tc dng vi Na. Vy A c th c bao nhiu cng thc cu to ?.
A. 14 B. 15 C. 16 D. 17
Li gii:
Ta d dng tmra
2
0,3( )
CO
n mol =
Tnh ra
2 2
6,3( ) 0,35( )
H O H O
m g n mol = =
V tmra cng thc ca A l:
6 14
C H O
V A l ete.
Dng
5 11 3
C H O CH c 8 cng thc.
C C C C C c 1
C C C C c 3
C C C c 4 cng thc.
Dng
4 9 2 5
C H O C H c 4 cng thc.
C C C C c 1
C C C c 2
C C c 1
3 7 3 7
C H O C H c 3 cng thc.
C C C vi C C C
( ) C C C vi C C C
v ( ) C C C vi ( ) C C C .
15 B =

Cu 20. Hn hp X gm 3 acid
2 3
; OO ; OO HCOOH CH CHC H CH C H = c t l mol tng ng l 1:2:2. Hn
hp Y gm 3 ancol metanol, etanol, ancol anylic c t l mol tng ng l 1:1:2. Cho 19,84 (g) X phn ng vi
15,035 (g) Y thu c m(g) este. Bit hiu sut phn ng ca cc phng trnh phn ng l nh nhau v bng 70%.
Gi tr ca m l:
A. 20,5065 (g). B. 20,0725 (g). C. 20,3805 (g). D. Kt qu khc.
Li gii:
CTC ca hn hp axit:
tb
R COOH ,suy ra
46 72.2 60.2
62
5
tb tb
a a a
M R COOH
a
+ +
= = ,suy ra 17
tb
R =
Tng t cho hn hp ancol ta cng c c 48.5
tb tb
M R OH ' = v 31,5
tb
R' =
Ta c c
19,84 15,035
0,32( ), 0,31( )
62 48,5
axit ancol
n mol n mol = = = = ,suy ra s mol ca este c tnh theo s mol
ancol
Vy 0,31.0,7.(17 31,5 44) 20,0725( ) m g B = + + =
Cu 21. Hn hp gm hidrocacbon X v
2
O c t l mol tng ng l 1:10. t chy hon ton hn hp trn thu
c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y qua dung dch
2 4
H SO c, nng thu c Z c t khi so vi
2
H l 19. Dn 6,72 (l) kh
X vo mt lng dung dch
4
KMnO va 15,8 % th dung dch sau c nng phn trm ca ancol l:
A. 12,13%. B. 13,54 %. C. 6,77 %. D. 12,67 %.
Li gii:
Chon
2
1( ), 10( )
x O bd
n mol n mol = =
Hn hp Z gm
2
( ), (10 ( ))( )
4
du
y
CO xmol O x mol +
38 10 ( ) 4, 8
4
Z
y
M x x x y = => = + => = = l hp l
4 2
2
0.2( )
3
KMnO MnO anken
n n n mol = = =
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Trang 58
4 2
0.2*158*100
0.3*56 0.2*87 199.4( )
15.8
ddsaupu anken ddKMnO MnO
m m m m g = + = + =
Vy
4 8 2
0.3*90*100
% ( ) 13.54%
199.4
C C H OH B = =
Cu 22. Cho hn hp X gm metylamin, etylamin, trimetyl amin v hidrocacbon A. t chy hon ton V (ml) hn
hp X bng oxi va thu c
1
V (ml) hn hp Y. Dn Y qua bnh ng
2 5
PO d th thy cn li ( )
2
V ml kh. Bit
1 2
2 V V V = . Hidrocacbon A l:
A.
3 4
C H . B.
2 4
C H . C.
2 6
C H . D.
3 6
C H .
Li gii:
Cch 1.
2 2
2 2
2 3 2 2 2
2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
( ) ( ) ( )
a
a n n aCO aH O
h x y hCO hH O
V
V C H N V CO V H O N
V C H V CO V H O
+

+ +

1
V cha
2 2 2
, , H O CO N
2
V cha
2 2
, CO N
Ta c:
2 2 2 2 2
1
2 2 [ ] [2. 2 ]
H O CO N CO N
V V V V V V V V = = + + +


2 2 2
H O CO N
V V V V =


2 2 2
2 2 2
2
2 2
2
1,5
H O aH O hH O
CO aCO hCO
a
N
a aH O aCO
V V V
V V V
V
V
V V V
= +

= +

2 2 2 2 2
[ ] [ ]
aH O hH O aCO hCO N
V V V V V V = + +
2 2 2 2 2
[ ] [ ]
aH O aCO N hH O hCO
V V V V V V = +
2 2
1,5 0,5 [ ]
a a hH O hCO
V V V V V = +
2 2
[ ]
hH O hCO a h
V V V V V = =
hidrocacbon l ankan
2 6
C C H
Cch 2.
( )
2
1 2
2 2 2
2 3 2
x y V
xn ym x V
xn x yp V V
+ =

+ + =

+ + =

( )
1 2
2 2 2 2
x y V
x ym yp V V
+ =

+ =

2 2 2 2 y yp ym p m C = = +
Cu 23. Mt bnh kn dung tch 2,24 (l) cha mt t bt Ni lmxc tc v hn hp kh
2 2 4 3 6
; ; H C H C H ( ktc). T
l mol ca
2 4
C H v
3 6
C H l 1:1. t nng bnh mt thi gian sau lmlnh ti
o
O C , p sut trong bnh lc l
p (atm).T khi ca hn hp trc v sau phn ng i vi hidro ln lt l 7,6 v 8,445. Dn kh trong bnh qua bnh
ng
2
Br thy dung dch brom nht mu v khi lng bnh tng 1,05 (g). Hiu sut phn ng mi olefin l bao
nhiu?
A. 25%. B. 30%. C. 35%. D. 40%.
Li gii:
Ta d dng tnh c s mol cc cht trong hn hp u l:
2 2 4 3 6
0,06( ), 0,02( )
H C H C H
n mol n n mol = = =
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 59
BTKL ta c
?
1,52
0,09( )
16,89
tru cpu saupu saupu
m m n mol = => = =
Gi s mol p ca
2 4 3 6
, C H C H thamgia phn ng hidro ha ln lt l a,b
Sau p hidro ha ta co cc chtTa c h:
28(0,02 ) 42(0,02 ) 1,05
(0,02 ) (0,02 ) 0,06 ( ) 0,09
a b
a b a b a b
+ =

+ + + + + =

0,005
0,005
a
b
=
<=>

=

Vy
2 4 3 6
0,005
% % .100 25%
0,02
C H C H
H H A = = =
Cu 24. Hn hp X gm
2 2
3
n
n m
C H CHO
+
v
2 1 2 n m
C H CH OH
+
(u mch h v , m n l cc s nguyn). Cho X
phn ng va vi khng n 3,2 gam brom trong nc. Mt khc ton b lng X trn phn ng vi dung dch
3
AgNO trong
3
, NH kt thc phn ng thu c 2,16 gam . Ag t chy hon ton
2 2
3
n
n m
C H CHO
+
th th tch
oxi cn dng l:
A. 0,56 lt B. 0,224 lt C. (0,336n +0,28) lt D. 1,12 lt
Li gii
Gi , x y ln lt l s mol ca
2 2
3
n
n m
C H CHO
+
v
2 1 n m
C H COOH
+
trong X.
Theo phn ng vi dung dch
3 3
/ , AgNO NH ta c 0,01 x =
Ta li c 0,02 xa yb + < (vi , a b ln lt l s mol brom v 1 mol mi cht
2 2
3
n
n m
C H CHO
+
v
2 1 n m
C H COOH
+

phn ng). D thy 1 a > . Mt khc 0,01. 0,02 xa a = < nn 2. a < Vy 1 a = hay
2 2
3
n
n m
C H CHO
+
no. Suy ra
( )
2
2 2 2
2 1 3 1 1 n n m n m + = + + = . Nhn thy ( )
2
1 n v
2
m l hai s chnh phng lin tip nn
2
( 1) 0 1. n n = = Do 1. m =
D dng tnh c A



Cu 25. Cho Hidrocacbon X v Oxi (oxi c ly gp i lng cn thit t chy hon ton X) vo bnh dung
tch 1 lt 406,5K v 1 atm. Sau khi t p sut trong bnh (o cng 1 nhit ) tng 5%. Lng nc thu c l
0,162 gam. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A.
2 6
C H B.
4 8
C H C.
3 6
C H D.
4 10
C H
Li gii:
V lng oxi c ly gp i nn phng trnh phn ng c dng:
2 2 2 2
2( ) ( )
4 2 4
x y
y y y
C H x O xCO H O x O + + + + +
Gi n l s mol ca hidrocacbon.Trong iu kin cng th tch v nhit th p sut sau khi t chy tng 5%.Theo
nh lut Bi-Mariot ta suy ra nu gi nguyn nhit v p sut nh trc th th tch sau khi t tng 5% so vi
trng khi t,t ta c:
( )
2 4
2( )
4
ny y
nx n x
y
n x n
+ + +
+ +

hay:
3
2
4
(1)
1 2
2
y
x
y
x
+
+ +

Tnh s mol ca hn hp kh ban u ktc (1atm,273):
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 60
406.5 1*273
0.6175( )
273 406.5
o
o o
V T
V l
V T
= = => = =
v
0.6715
2( ) 0.03( )(2)
4 22.4
y
n x n mol + + = =
Sau khi t chy s sinh ra
2
y
n mol nc c khi lng 0.162( ) g vy:
0.018
18 0.162 (3)
2
y
n n
y
= => =
Thay (3) vo (2) ri gii ng thi vi (1), ta c 3, 6, 0.003( ) x y n mol = = = .Vy hidrocacbon cn tml
3 6
C H C

Cu 26. Hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t
6 10 2
C H O , cho 9,12 gamX tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va
thu c dung dch Y, cho dung dch Y tc dng vi dung dch
3
AgNO d trong
3
NH un nng thu c 34,56
gamAg. S ng phn cu to ca X l:
A. 4. B. 5 C. 2. D. 3.
Li gii:
Ta c: 0,08, 0,32
X Ag
n n = =
X l este c dng
1 2
RCOOR (
1 2
, R R l cc gc hidrocacbon, x tc dng vi NaOH theo t l 1:1
1
2
:0,08
: 0,08
RCOONa mol
R OH mol

Dung dch Y tc dng vi

3
AgNO d trong
3 1 2 5 9
: , : NH R H R C H
:0,08 :0,16 HCOONa mol Ag
Nn:
2
: 0,08 : 0,16 R OH mol Ag mol trong
2
: R OH OH lin kt vi C v tr ni i khng bn, chuyn
thnh anehit
2 2 2 3
: R CH CH CH CH CH = ;

3 3
( ) CH CH CH CH CH =
( )
3 2 3
CH C CH CH CH =
Vy X: c 3 ng phn D

Cu 27. X c cng thc
4 14 3 2
C H O N khi cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH th thu c hn hp Y gm 2 kh
iu kin thng v u c kh nng lmxanh qu tm m.S cng thc cu to ph hp ca X l?
A. 4 B.5 C.6 D.7
Li gii:
Cc cng thc cu to:
3 7 3 4
n C H NH O CO O CH
3 3 3 4
( ) CH CH CH NH O CO O NH
3 2 3 4
( ) CH CH NH CH O CO O NH
3 3 2 4
( ) CH NH CH O CO O NH
2 5 3 3 3
n C H NH O CO O NH CH
3 2 3 3 3
( ) CH NH CH O CO O NH CH
p n: C

Cu 28. X l hp cht c cng thc phn t
3 7 3
C H O N .X phn ng ci dung dch HCl hay dung dch NaOH u c
kh khng mu thot ra.Cho 0.5 mol X phn ng vi 3 mol NaOH,sau phn ng c cn dung dch mui khan thu c
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Trang 61
l?
A.133( ) g B. 53( ) g C. 42.5( ) g D.142.5( ) g
Li gii:
3 7 3
C H O N .
Bn cht nhng loi ny l ion
2
3
CO


CT ca X:
2 3 4
C H O CO O NH
Phng trnh:
2 3 4 2 3 3 3 2
2 2 C H O CO O NH NaOH Na CO CH CHO NH H O + + + +
Mui
2 3
Na CO c 0,5.106 53( ) m g B = =

Cu 29. Hn hp M gm ancol no,n chc X v axit cacboxylic n chc Y,u mch h v c cng s nguyn t
cacbon,tng s mol ca 2 cht l 0.9(mol).Nu t chy hon ton M th thu c 80.64(l) kh
2
CO (kc) v 70.2( ) g
2
H O.Mt khc,nu un nng M vi
2 4
H SO c thc hin phn ng este ha (hiu sut 80%) th s gam este thu
c l:
A. 34.56( ) g B.54( ) g C. 53.25( ) g D. 34.08( ) g
Li gii:
2
3,6( )
CO
n mol = Suy ra s C l 4.
2
3,9( )
H O
n mol = 8,67 H =
Nh vy: X l butanol v Y l
4 8 2
C H O S mol mi cht:
0,3( )
butanol
n mol = v
4 8 2
0,6( )
C H O
n mol =
p dng LBTKL: 0,8.144.0,3 34,56( ) m g A = =

Cu 30. Hn hp A gm 2 axit hu c X (n chc), Y a chc u no mch h... t chy hon ton 11,2 g A thu
c 15,4 g
2
CO . Cho 8,4 g cht A phn ng va vi 200 ml dd 0,75 NaOH M . CTCT ca 2 axit l:
A. ; HCOOH HOOC COOH B.
3 2 2
; CH COOH HOOC CH CH COOH
C
2
; HCOOH HOOC CH COOH D.
3 2
; CH COOH HOOC CH COOH

Li gii:
Ta c:
2
0,35( )
CO
n mol =
0,2( )
OH
n mol

=
Tt c trong 11,2 g hn hp.
( p n l 1 n chc + 1acid 2 chc)
Ta c: 2 0,2 x y + =
0,35 nx my + =
(14 32) (14 62) 11,2 x n y m + + + =
Gii ra c: x=0,1 v y=0,05
Bin lun: 0,1 0,05 0,35 n m + =
c 2 n = v 3 m =
p n: D

Cu 31. Hn hp X c 2 hirocacbon ng ng lin tip, c t khi hi so vi
2
H bng 15,8. Ly 6,32 gam X li
vo 200 gamdung dch cha xc tc thch hp th thu c dung dch Z v thy thot ra 2,688 lt kh kh Y iu
kin tiu chun c t khi hi so vi
2
H bng 16,5. Bit rng dung dch Z cha anehit vi nng C%. Gi tr ca
C% l:
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Trang 62
A. 1,305% B. 1,407% C. 1,043% D. 1,208%
Li gii:
+ 2 hirocacbon+
2
H O Andehit+.... 2 hirocacbon l ankin (axetilen (
2 2
C H ) Andehit v ng ng lin
tip
3 4
C H )
+ ng cho cho X
2 2
0,12( )
bd
C H
n mol =
+ ng cho cho Y:
2 2
0,12, 33; 0,06( )
du
Y Y C H
n M n mol = = =
2 2
44
0,06( ) % 0,06. .100% 1,305%
200 (6,32 0,12.33)
pu
C H
n mol C A = = =
+


Cu 32. t chy hon ton 2,76 gamhn hp X gm
x y
C H COOH ; 3
x y
C H COOCH v
3
CH OH thu c 2,688
lt
2
CO ( ktc) v 1,8 gam
2
H O. Mt khc, cho 2,76 gam hn hp X phn ng va vi 30 ml dung dch NaOH
1M, thu c 0,96 gam
3
CH OH . Cng thc ca
x y
C H COOH l
A.
2 3
C H COOH . B.
3
CH COOH . C.
3 5
C H COOH . D.
2 5
C H COOH .
Li gii:
Gi ln lt s mol
3 3
, ,
x y x y
C H COOH C H COOCH CH OH l , , a b c
ta c s
2 2
CO H O
n n > =>gc
x y
C H phi tn ti ln hn 1
khi tc dng vi NaOH ta c cht axit v este phn ng 0,03 a b + = (1)
to ra
3
CH OH l t gc este v ancol khng phn ng 0,03 b c + = (2)
t (1) v (2) a c =
p dng nh lut bo ton C
( 1) ( 2) 0,12 x a x b c + + + + =
( 2) ( 2) 0,12 x a x b + + + =
2 x A => =
Cu 33. Ly 2a mol este X chia thnh 2 phn bng nhau ri thc hin 2 th nghim:
Th nghim 1: Dn a mol X vo m?t bnh kn dung tch 50 (l) nhit 127
o
C th thy p sut
1
P =0,0984 (atm).
Thmvo bnh mt lng khng kh va th thy p sut
2
P =5,2644 (atm). Bt tia la in thc hin phn
ng, phn ng xy ra hon ton, a nhit v 400K th thy p sut
3
P tng 6,542% so hn hp vi trc phn
ng.
Th nghim 2: Khi cho a mol X phn ng va vi 2a mol NaOH thu c dung dch Y. Bit trong Y ch c 2 mui
v c 2 cht phn ng c vi
2
Br . V khi cho a mol X phn ng vi NaOH d th thu c dd T gm 3 mui. Khi
lng nh nht c th c ca mt mui trong T l bao nhiu.
A. 6,8g B. 10,2g C.12,3g D.17,4g
Li gii:
T th nghim 2 ta suy ra: X l este 2 chc v c gc phenyl trong .
quay li th nghim 1:
1
.
0,15
0,082.
P V
a mol
T
= =
s mol kh trc phn ng:
2
8,025 n mol =
2
8,025 0,15 7,875 1,575
kk O pu
n mol n mol > = = > =
gi
2 2
,
H O CO
n xmol n ymol = =
Ta c: s mol kh tng chnh bng s mol ca X v
2
O mt i v thay vo l
2
CO v
2
H O (bn lu l
127
o
C nn nc trng thi hi)
0,15 1,575 0,06542.8,025 2,25 x y mol > + = + + =
Phn ng:
4 2 2 2 n m
C H O O CO H O + > +
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Trang 63
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t Oxi: 0,15.4 1.575.2 2 x y + = +
Gii h ta c: 0,75 ; 1,5 . x mol y mol = =
Suy ra cng thc ca X l:
10 10 4
C H O
Ta c th a ra mt s CTCT ca X nh sau:
2 3 2 6 5
C H COO CH COO C H
2 6 5
HCOO CH CH CH COO C H =
t y ta c th suy ra ngay mui c phn t lng nh nht l: HCOONa
Vy khi lng cn tm: 0,15.68 10,2 m g = =
B .
Cu 34. X mch h c cng thc
x y
C H . Mt bnh c dung tch khng i cha hn hp kh X v
2
O (d), v c
p sut 2atm. Bt tia la in t chy X sau ua bnh v
0
t p sut vn l 2atm. Ngi ta trn 9,6g X vi 0,6g
hidro ri cho qua bnh ng Ni nung nng (H=100%) th thu c hn hp Y. Khi lng mol trung bnh ca Y l:
A. 5,2 B. 46,5 C. 48,5 D. 34
Li gii:
Phn ng:
2 2 2
( )
4 2
x y
y y
C H x O xCO H O + + +
Theo bi v p sut khng i nn
1 2
n n =
1 4
4 2
y y
x x y + + = + =
Nh vy X c th l
2 4
C H v
3 4
C H
Khi lng hn hp sau l 9,6 0,6 10,2( ) g + = v
2
0,3( )
H
n mol =
Nu l
2 4
C H th
12
35
X
n =
Nh vy
2
H ht
10,2.35
29,75
12
Y
M = =
Nu l
3 4
C H th 0,24( )
X
n mol =
Suy ra
2
H phn ng l 0,24( ) mol
.
0,24 0,06 0,3( )
khi sau
n mol = + =

10,2
34
0,3
Y
M D = =
Cu 35. un 0.4 mol hn hp 2 ru no n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng trong dd
2 4
H SO c(xt) 140
C, thu c 7,704g hn hp 3ete. Tham gia phn ng ete ho c 50% ru c khi lng phn t ln v 40% ru
c khi lng phn t nh. Xc nh ctct ca 2 ru trn:
A. metylic v etylic B. etylic v n-propylic
C. propanol-2 v butanol-2 D. n-propylic v n-butylic
Li gii:
Gi x,y mol ln lt l s mol ca ( ) R OH M v
2
( 14) 0,4 R CH OH M x y + + =
Thamgia phn ng c 50% ln v 40% nh nn:
2
0,4 0,5
2
H O
x y
n
+
=

p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng:
0,4 0,5( 14) 7,704 9(0,4 0,5 ) Mx M y x y + + = + +

0,4 (0,4 ) 0,5 7 7,704 9(0,4.0.4 0,1 ) M y My y y + + = + +

http://boxmath.vn
Trang 64

9,144 0,16
0 0,4 33,52 57,15 46
0,1 6,1
M
y M M
M

< = < < < =

+


Ancol l etylic v n-propylic B
Cu 36. Cho hn hp gm 2 este mch h l ng phn ca nhau. Ly 0,2 mol X cho phn ng hon ton vi 300 ml
dung dch NaOH 1M, ri tin hnh chng ct c 8,5 gam hn hp hai ancol ng ng k tip nhau. C cn phn
dung dch cn li sau chng ct c cht rn A. Nung A trong oxi d n phn ng hon ton c 22 gam
2
CO v
7,2 gam
2
H O cng 1 lng . Cng thc phn t ca hai este l:
A.
5 8 2
C H O B.
3 4 2
C H O . C.
4 5 2
C H O . D.
4 8 2
C H O
Li gii:
Cht rn cn li gm NaOH d 0,1( ) mol v :0,2( ) RCOONa mol
Ta c: Khi nung trong khng kh th to ra
2 3
:0,15( ) Na CO mol v s mol Na c bo ton.
Nh vy ta tnh c khi lng ca cht rn l:
0,15.106 22 7,2 16(0,4 0,5.2 0,15.3 0,2.2 0,1) 23,5( ) g + + + + =
p dng LBTKL tmra 23,5 8,5 0,3.40 20
X
m = + =

Nh vy
5 8 2
100
X
M C H A O = .

Cu37. Cho m gam ru no X tc dng vi CuO (d) nung nng, thu c hn hp hi Y (c t khi hi so vi
2
H
l
47
3
) c cht hu c Z v thy khi lng rn gim 2,4 gam. Mt khc t a mol Z, thu c b mol
2
CO v c mol
nc; vi b a c = + . Gi tr ca m l
A. 4,35 B. 9,3 C. 4,65 D. 4,5
Li gii.
Xt Z c a b c = Z c 2 lin kt trong phn t, t y ta c th suy ra c X l ancol no 2 chc.
t
2 n n
R C H = v ancol c khi lng mol l M .
2 2 2 2
( ) 2[ ] ( ) 2 R CH OH O R CHO H O + +
x---------------2x---------x---------2x
2 2 2 2
( ) 4[ ] ( ) 2 R CH OH O R COOH H O + +
y------------------4y--------y----------2y
Ta c: 2 0,15( ) x y mol + =
94
( ) 2,4 .(3 3 )
3
M x y x y + + = +
2,4
94
x y
M
+ =

C 0 0,15 x y < + <
78 M <
Suy ra 62 M = etylen glycol.
Suy ra c ( ) 0,075 4,65 x y m g C + = =
Cu 38. Hn hp X gm hai axit hu c no mch h, hai ln axit (A) v axit khng no (c mt ni i) mch h, n
chc (B). S nguyn t cacbon trong phn t cht ny gp i s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t cht kia. t chy
hon ton 5,08 gamhn hp X c 4,704 lt
2
CO (o ktc). Nu trung ha ht 5,08 gam X cn 350 ml dung dch
NaOH 0,2 M c hn hp mui Y. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca A v B l:
A.
2 4 2
( ) C H COOH v
2 3
C H COOH B.
2
( ) COOH v
3 5
C H COOH
C.
4 8 2
( ) C H COOH v
3 5
C H COOH D.
4 8 2
( ) C H COOH v
2 3
C H COOH
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Trang 65
Li gii:
Gi CT ca 2 acid l:
2 2 2 n n x
C H O

Cng NaOH:
2 2 2
5,08
0,07
14 2 32
n n x
x
C H O xNaOH
n x

+ =
+

t chy:
2
2 2 2 2
5,08
0,21
14 2 32
O
n n x
n
C H O nCO
n x

=
+

Gii h 2 pt trn:
( )
( )
2 2 4
2 2 2
0,02
4,2 0,05
0,21
0,05
1,4 2 0,07 4,2 0,03
m m
X
k k
a C H O
n a b
n
x a b
b C H O

=
= + =
= =

= + =
=

Suy ra: 0,02(14m-2+64)+0,03(14k-2+32)=5,08
( )
4 8
2
2 3
OO 6
3
OOH
C H C H n
D
k
C H C
=


=



Cu 39 .Cho 50 ml dung dch A gm mt axit hu c n chc A v mt mui B ca n vi mt kim loi kim cho
tc dng 12ml dung dch
2
( ) Ba OH 1,25 M. Sau phn ng trung ha dung dch cn thm 3,75 gamdung dch HCl
14,6%. Sau c cn dung dch dch tu c 5,4325 gam mui khan. Mt khc, khi cho 50 ml dung dch A tc dng
ng vi
2 4
H SO d ri un nng th thu c 0,784 lt axit hu c (sau khi lm kh) iu kin 54,6
o
C v p =1,2
atm. Cng thc phn t mui B l:
A. HCOOK B. C
2
H
5
COOK C. CH
3
COOK D. CH
2
=CH-COOH
Li gii:
T cc d kin bi ta tmra:
Ta c:
:0,02
:0,015
:0,015
RCOOM mol
RCOOH mol
HCl mol

; Mui gm cc ion:
( )
2
:0,035
:0,02
0,035 44 0,02 2,845 0,035 0,02 1,305
:0,015
:0,015
RCOO mol
M mol
M M R M
Cl mol
Ba mol

+ + = + =

3
15
39
R
CH COOK C
M
=

Cu 40. Hn hp kh X gm etylamin v hai hirocacbon ng ng lin tip. t chy hon ton V ml hn hp X
bng mt lng oxi va , thu c V
1
ml hn hp Y gm kh v hi nc. Nu cho Y i qua dung dch axit
sunfuric c (d) cn li V
2
ml kh (cc th tch kh v hi o cng iu kin). Bit V = V
1
2V
2
Vy cng thc
phn t ca hai hirocacbon l:
A. C
2
H
2
v C
3
H
4
B. C
3
H
6
v C
4
H
8
C. CH
4
v C
2
H
6
D. C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6

Li gii:
2 7
: ; :
n m
C H N xmol C H ymol
Ta c:
( ) ( )
1 2
1 2
2
1 2
1 2
2
2
5
2 ( 2 ) 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
7 2 2
x y V V V
x y V V
x
yn V y y n m n m
x y m n V V
x ym V V
+ = =

+ =

+ = = = +

+ =

+ =

Hay 2 hdrocacbon l ankan. C
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Trang 66
Cu 41. Khi thy phn khng hon ton mt peptit A c khi lng phn t 293 g/mol v cha 14,3% N (theo khi
lng) thu c 2 peptit B v C, Mu 0,472 gam peptit B khi em un nng, phn ng hon ton vi 18 ml dung dch
HCl 0,222 M, Mu 0,666 gam peptit C khi un nng, phn ng hon ton vi 14,7 ml dung dch NaOH 1,6% (khi
lng ring l 1,022 g/ml), Cu to c th c ca A l:
A.Ala-Phe-Glyhoc Gly-Phe-Ala B.Phe-Gly-Ala hoc Ala-Gly-Phe
C.Phe-Ala-Glyhoc Gly-Ala-Phe D.Phe-Ala-Gly hoc Ala-Gly-Phe
Li gii.
Peptit A c khi lng phn t 293 g/mol v cha 14,3% N==>Cha 3 ngt N trong CThc nn A phi l tripeptit
Do thu phn khng hon ton nn B v C s l ipeptit,
Ta thy:
Mu 0,666 gam peptit C khi un nng, phn ng hon ton vi 14,7 ml dung dch NaOH 1,6% (khi lng ring l
1,022 g/ml),
0,666 (14,7.1,022).0,016 0,006 C gamNaOH mol NaOH = =
Gi s C l ipeptit, ta c 0,666/ 0,003 222 MC = =
D thy 222= 75 +165-18==> ipeptit gm Gly: 75 v Phe: 165==>Gly v Phe phi k lin nhau (1)
Mu 0,472 gam peptit B khi em un nng, phn ng hon ton vi 18 ml dung dch HCl 0,222 M,
Bin lun nh phn trn ==>B gm ala: 89 v phe: 165==>ala v phe phi ljn k nhau (2)
(1)(2)==>Ala- Phe-Gly hoc Gly-Phe-Ala A .
Cu 42. Hn hp M gm 2 peptit X v Y ( u cu to t 2 loi amino axit ) c tng s lin kt peptit trong 2 phn t
X v Y l 5 v c t l mol tng ng l 1:3, Thy phn hon ton m gam M thu c 81 gam Glyxin v 42,72 gam
alanin, Gi tr ca m l bao nhiu?
A.115,28 B.104,28 C. 109,5 D.110,28
Li gii:
Ta c 1.08( ), 0.48( )
Gly Ala
n mol n mol = = ,Suy ra
9
4
Gly
Ala
n
n
= ,m
1
3
X
Y
n
n
= v tng s lin kt peptit trong phn t X v
Y l 5 nn Y,X c CTCT ln lt l , Gly Gly Gly Ala Ala Ala Ala
1 Gly hoc 1 Ala u c 1 N,bo ton nguyn t N ta c:
1,08.189 0,48.302
104,28( )
3 4
m g B = + = .
Cu 43. Thy phn hon ton mt lng pentapeptit X thu c 32,88 gam Ala Gly Ala Gly , 10,85 gam
Ala Gly Ala , 16,24gamAla Gly Gly , 26,28 gamAla Gly , 8,9 gamAlanin cn li l Gly Gly v
Glyxin, T l mol ca Gly Gly v Gly l 5:4, Tng khi lng Gly Gly v Glyxin trong hn hp sn phm l
A. 32,4 B. 28,8 C. 43,2 D. 19,44
Li gii:
Ta c
0,12( ), 0,5( ), 0,08( ),
0,18( ), 0,1( )
n mol n mol n mol
Ala Gly Ala Gly Ala Gly Ala Ala Gly Gly
n mol n mol
Ala Gly Ala
= = =

= =

T cc d kin ca bi ta suy ra X phi c CTCT l Ala Gly Ala Gly Gly
Gi 5 , 4
Gly Gly Gly
n x n x

= =
Tng 0,12.2 0,05.2 0,08 0,18 0,1 0,7( )
Ala
n mol = + + + + =
Tng 0,12.2 0,05 0,08.2 0,18 5 .2 4 0,63 14
Gly
n x x x = + + + + + = +
2 3 Pentapeptit Ala Gly +
0,7 1,05
Suy ra 0,63 14 1,05 x + = ,suy ra 0,03( ) x mol =
Vy tng khi lng Gly Gly v Gly trong hn hp sn phm 0,03.5.132 0,03.4.75 28,8( ) g B + =
Cu 44. X l tetrapeptit Ala Gly Val Ala , Y l tripeptit Val Gly Val , un nng m gam hn hp cha X
v Y c t l s mol ca X v Y tng ng l 1:3 vi dung dch NaOH va , Phn ng hon ton thu c dung
dch T. C cn cn thn dung dch T thu c 23,745 gam cht rn khan, Gi tr ca m l ?
A.19,445 B.68,1 C. 17,025 D.78,4
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Trang 67
Li gii
Gi s mol ca X,Y ln lt l ,3 x x
2 X Ala Gly Val + +
2 x x x x
2 Y Val Gly +
3 6 3 x x x
V phn ng va nn c cn dung dch T ta thu c cc mui
2 2 3 2 4 8 2
( ) (4 ), ( ) (2 ), ( ) (7 ) CH NH COONa x CH CH NH COONa x C H NH COONa x
Suy ra 4 .197 2 .111 7 .139 23,745 x x x + + = ,suy ra 0,015( ) x mol =
Vy 0,015.(89.2 75 117 18.3) 0,015.3.(117.2 75 18.2) 17,025( ) m g C = + + + + =
Cu 45. u xanh cha 30% protein, protein cha 40% 2-amino pentan-1,5 ioic,Mui natri ca n l bt ngt (m
chnh), S gam m chnh c th iu ch t 1 Kg u xanh l
A. 137,96g B.156g C.137,69g D.138,95g
Li gii:
2-amino pentan-1,5 ioic : axitglutamic
M chnh l mui mnnatri ca axitglutamic
5 8 4
( 169) C H NO Na M =
40 40
1000.30%.40% 120( ) .169 137,96( )
49 49
5 8 4
m g n m g A
axitglutamic axitglutamic C H NO Na
= = = = =

Cu 46.Hn hp A gm 0,1(mol) acrolein (propenal) v 0,35(mol) hidro, Cho A qua ng s nung nng c cha Ni
lm xc tc, thu c hn hp B gm cc cht l propenal, propanal, propan-1-ol v hidro, T khi hi ca B so vi
metan l 1,55, S mol
2
H trong B l:
A. 0,05(mol) B. 0,1(mol) C. 0,2 (mol) D. 0,15(mol)
Li gii:
Da vo t l trong phng trnh ta suy ra c:
x mol propenal tc dng vi x mol hir to x mol propanal
y mol propenal tc dng vi 2y nol hir to y mol propan-1-ol
0,35 ( 2 ) 0,1 ( ) 0,45 ( 2 )
B
n x y x y x y x y = + + + + + = +
Bo ton khi lng: 6,3
B A
m m g = =
M
/
6,3
1,55 1,55,16 2 0,2
0,45 ( 2 )
B metan
d x y
x y
= = + =
+

Suy ra s mol hir trong B l 0,35 0,2 0,15mol D =
Cu 47. Chia mgamhn hp X gm hai ancol ng ng k tip (
A B
M M < ) thnh hai phn bng nhau,un phn
mt vi
2 4
H SO c 140
o
C n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 5,28 gam hn hp Y gm ba ete c cng
s mol v 1,08 gam
2
H O,un phn hai vi
2 4
H SO c 170
o
C ,ri hp th ton b lng olefin sinh ra vo bnh
ng 100ml dung dch
4
KMnO 1M thy khi lng bnh tng thm 2,73 gam,ng thi nng dung dch
4
KMnO
cn li trong bnh sau phn ng l 0,5M. Hiu sut phn ng tch nc to olefin ca A v B ln lt l:
A.50 %,75 % B.75 %,50 % C.40 %,60 % D.60 %,40 %
Li gii.
phn 1: ta c:
2 2
0,06 2 0,12
H O ancol H O
n mol n n = = = mol

p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c:
2
6,36( )
ancol este H O
m m m g = + =

6,36:0,12 53 2,5
ancol
M n = = = 2 ancol no n chc l
2
C v
3
C c s mol bng nhau bng 0,06 (mol)

phn 2:
4
1,5 0,075
anken KMnO pu
n n = = mol,

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Trang 68
Li c 2,73
anken
m A =
Cu 48. Cho hn hp A gm cc cht
2 2 1
,
n n m m
C H C H CHO v HCOOH
+
(m, n l cc s nguyn), S mol cc cht
trong A theo th t to thnh mt cp s nhn c cng bi l x, A phn ng va vi 3,2 gam brom trong nc, Nu
gi nguyn s mol cht u tin v thay i cng bi thnh y th A phn ng hon ton vi 400 ml dung dch
0,1 NaOH M v to ra 2,16 gam cht rn, Bit x, y l cc s nguyn, kt lun no sau y l ng
A.
2 2
1 y x x = + + B.
2 2
y x x = + C.
2 2
2 y x x = + D. 1 y x = +
Li gii:
Do x, y l cc s nguyn dng
p n A xy ra khi
2 n n
C H khng phi l xicloankan c s C ln hn 4 v m > 0,
Nhng vi p n A, tmra c nghim duy nht 0, 1 x y = = (loi)
p n B xy ra khi
2 n n
C H l xicloankan c s C ln hn 4 v m > 0,
Nhng khng c nghim x, y tha mn p n ny
p n C xy ra khi
2 n n
C H l xicloankan c s C ln hn 4 v m = 0,
Cng khng c nghim tha mn v
2 2 2 2
2 1 ( 1) 1 y x x y x = + + = + + , Hai s chnh phng lin tip hn nhau
1, nn x =0 v y =0, loi
p n D tha mn khi
2 n n
C H khng phi l xicloankan c s C ln hn 4 v m = 0 D .
Cu 49. t chy hon ton mhn hp X gm 2 hidrocacbon mch h,thuc cng dy ng ng ri hp th ton b
sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch
2
( ) Ca OH d,to ra 14(g) kt ta,dung dch sau phn ng c khi lng
gim 6,22 gam so vi khi lng dung dch
2
( ) Ca OH ban u,Mt khc cho m gam hn hp X vo bnh ng dung
dch
3 3
/ AgNO NH d,thu c 10,42(g) kt ta,Bit t khi hi ca X so vi
2
H nh hn 20,Thnh phn phn trm
khi lng ca hidrocacbon c khi lng phn t ln hn trong X l:
A. 60% B. 40% C. 41,94% D. 58,06%
Li gii:
Nhn nh u tin: 2 Hidrocacbon ny l AnKin
Tip theo: 40 M < , Vy c th khng nh c
2 2
C H
0,14
2 2 0,18
n
n
=

2,8 n =
Gi a;b l s mol ca
2 2 2 2
;
m m
C H C H

Ta d dng c h

2 , 0,14
0,05
240, ,(14 1 108) 10,42
a b n
a b
a b m
+ =

+ =

+ + =

0,03; 0,02; 4 a b m D = = =
Cu 50. Ha hi 31,04(g) hn hp gm mt axit no,n chc X v mt axit no,a chc Y(Y c mch cacbon khnng
phn nhnh) v s mol ca X ln hn Y,thu c mt th tch hi bng th tch ca 11,2(g)
2
N (o trong cng iu
kin nhit ,p sut),Nu t chy ton b hn hp hai axit trn th thu c 42,24( ) g
2
CO ,Thnh phn phn trm
khi lng ca X trong hn hp ban u l:
A. 46,39% B. 35,25% C. 65,15% D. 55,25%
Li gii:
0,4
hh
n = ;
2
0,96
CO
n =
=>s C trung bnh =2,4
TH
1

Y l HOOC COOH 90
Y
M =
=> 77,6
X
M < =>X l
2 5
C H COOH
Gii h ta khng tha
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Trang 69
TH
2
Mt khc, KLPT trung bnh M =
31,04
77,6
0,4
=
Axit a chc c M > 77,6 => axit n chc c M < 77,6 => Ch c th l HCOOH hoc
3
CH COOH ,
- Nu HCOOH => n = 2,5 l (loi)
- Nu
3
CH COOH =>n =1
=>X l
3
CH COOH c s mol l a
Gi Y
2 n n
HOOC C H COOH c s mol l b
ta c phng trnh
( ) 60 (90 14 ) 31,04
0,4
2 (2 ) 0,
nb 0,96 2 a b 0,16
a 0,24
b 9 0,1 6 6
a n b
a b
a n b

+ + =

+ =


+ + =

= +
=
=

=

Tha iu kin
1 n =
Y l
2
HOOC CH COOH
=>
60,0,24
% ,100% 46,39%
31,04
X A = =
Cu 51. Chia 14,8 g hn hp X cha ancol metylic v ancol anlylic thnh hai phn: Phn 1 cho tc dng vi Na d
thu c 2,52 lt kh
2
H (ktc), Phn 2 tc dng va vi 50 ml dung dch
2
Br 1M, Xc nh phn trm theo khi
lng ancol metylic trong hn hp X?
A.45% B.10,35% C.21,62% D. 45,68%
Li gii:
Gi s mol
3
CH OH v
3 5
C H OH trong phn (1) ln lt l x v y,
s mol
3
CH OH v
3 5
C H OH trong phn (2) ln lt l kx v ky,
Ta c:
3 2 3 5 2
1 1
;
2 2
CH OH H C H OH H Ta c:
(32 58 )( 1) 14,8
0,225
x y k
x y
+ + =

+ =

Li c: S mol
3 5
C H OH phn ng vi
2
Br l 0,05, ky =
Gii h trn ta c:
0,075
0,15
1
3
x
y
k

3
0,1
CH OH
n mol =

%
3
21,62 CH OH C = .
Cu 52. Oxi ho m gam ancol n chc A bng oxi (c xc tc thch hp) c hn hp X,ri chia thnh ba phn
bng nhau,Cho phn mt tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch
3 3
/ AgNO NH thu c 6,48 gam Ag,Cho phn hai
tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO_3 d thu c 0,672 lt kh (ktc),Cho phn ba tc dng vi Na (va ),thu c
1,232 lt
2
H (ktc) v 6,22 gam cht rn,un a gam A vi
2 4
H SO c n iu kin nhit thch hp thu c
0,08 mol hn hp Y gam hai sn phm hu c c t khi hi so vi
2
H l 22,625,Gi tr ca a l:
A.5,06(g) B.3,68(g) C.3,833(g) D.1,84(g)
Li gii:
Gi ancol
2
RCH OH
2 2
[ ] RCH OH O RCHO H O + +
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Trang 70
2 2
2[ ] RCH OH O RCOOH H O + +
Phn 1: 0,06( ) 0,03( )
Ag RCHO
n mol n mol = =
Phn 2: 0,03( )
RCOOH
n mol =
Phn 3:
2
( )
RCH OH
n x mol =
2
0,06( )
H O
n mol =

Suy ra
2
0,06 0,03 2 0,11 0,02( )
H
x n x mol + + = = =
Ta c:
2 5
0,06,40 0,02( 53) 0,03( 67) 6,22 15 R R R C H OH + + + + = =
Ta c
2 4
( )
C H
n a mol = v
2 5 2 5
( )
C H OC H
n b mol =
C
0,08
28 74 22,625,0,08,2
a b
a b
+ =

+ =

( )
( )
0,05
0,03
a mol
b mol
=

46( 2 ) 5,06 ( ) a a b g A = + =
Cu 53. Cho m(g) hh X gm 2 ancol no, n, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng td vi CuO d, nung nng c mt
hh rn Z v mt hh hi Y( c ti khi hi so vi
2
. H l 13,75), Cho ton b Y td vi
3
AgNO /NH
3
,
o
t C sinh ra 64,8g
Ag, gi tr m l:
A. 8,8 B. 9,2 C. 7,4 D.7,8
Li gii:
3 3
/ Y AgNO NH Ag + => =>Y c cha anehit
hh X gm 2 ancol no n chc => Y l hh gm 2 anehit no, n chc
2 2 2
1
x x x x
C H OH CuO C H O Cu H O + + + +
a --------------------------->a--------->a
18
13,75,2 26,5 (14 16) 27,5 14 34 55 1,5
( )
Y
a
M a x x x
a a
= = => + + = => + = => =
+

M y l 2 an k tip nhau trong dy ng ng
3
HCHOv CH CHO =>
3
HCHO CH CHO
n n => =
4 HCHO Ag =>
y -------->4y

3
2 CH CHO Ag =>
y ---------->2y
4 2 0,6 0,1 y y nAg y => + = = => =
=> ( )
3 2 5
0,1 .
CH OH C H OH
n n mol = =
0,1(32 46) 7,8( )
X
m g D => = + =

Cu 54. Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X (ktc) gm hai hidrocacbon mch h li t t qua bnh cha 1,4 lt dung dch Br
2

0,5M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, s mol Br
2
gim i mt na v khi lng bnh tng ln thm 6,7 gam. Xc
nh cng thc phn t ca hai hidrocacbon.
A.
2 2
C H v
4 8
C H . B.
2 4
C h v
3 4
C H
C.
2 2
C H v
3 6
C H . D.
3 4
C H v
3 6
C H .
Li gii.
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Trang 71
2
( ) 2 2
2
2 2
4 8
0,35( )
1 ( ): ( )
1 ( ): ( ) 0,2
2 0,35 0,15
0,2 0,05
0,15(14 2) 0,05.14 6,7
3 10
2
4
Br pu m m
n n
hh
n mol
ankin C H x mol
anken C H y mol n
x y x
x y y
m n
m n
C H m
C H n
A

=

+ = =


+ = =

+ =
+ =
=

=


Cu 55. Trn hn hp 0.8 mol X gm
2 4
C H v
3 6
C H theo t l s mol 5:3 vi 2g
2
H vo mt bnh kn c dung tch
V lt ktc. Cho vo bnh mt t bt Ni ,Nung nng mt thi gian sau a bnh v
0
O C th thy p sut trong bnh
l 7/9 atmv thu c hn hp kh Z .Tnh % anken phn ng?
A. 25%. B. 50%. C. 75%. D. 40%.
Li gii.
D tnh:
2 4 3 6
0,5( ); 0,3( )
C H C H
n mol n mol = =
Ta c CT lin h:
PV
n
RT
=
iu kin chun ta c: 0 , 1
o
t C P atm = = .
Sau phn ng nhit khng i, p sut cn li
7
9
ban u nn s mol cn li l:
7
.0,18 0,14( )
9
mol =
S mol kh gim chnh l lng
2
H mt i v cng chnh l s mol Anken phn ng.
0,4
% ( ) 50%
0,8
Anken pu B = =

Cu 57. Hn hp X gm axetilen v
2
H c t l mol l 1:3. Cho 8,96l (ktc) hn hp X qua Ni, nung nng thu c
hn hp Y c th tch l 6,72l (ktc). Cho hn hp Y qua dung dch brom d n khi phn ng hon ton. Vy s mol
bromphn ng l:
A. 0,08 B. 0,10 C. 0,12 D. 0,15
Li gii.
S mol mi cht ban u l:
2 2 2
0,1( ), 0,3( ),
C H H
n mol n mol = =
Dung dch ban u c th cng ti a 0,2 mol
2
Br .
C 1 mol
2
H thamgia phn ng cng th ta s mt 1 mol
2
Br phn ng.
S mol
2
H thamgia phn ng bng s mol gim ca hn hp v bng: 0,4 0,3 0,1 = .
Do hn hp Y s cng ti a 0,1 mol
2
Br B .
Cu 58. t chy hon ton mt hn hp X (glucoz, fructoz, metanal v etanoic) cn 3,36 lt
2
O (iu kin
chun). Dn sn phm chy qua bnh ng dung dch
2
( ) Ca OH d, sau phn ng hon ton thu c m gam kt
ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 10,0 B. 12,0 C. 15,0 D. 20,5

Li gii.
CT chung ca hn hp X l:
2
( )
n
CH O
Phng trnh chy l:
2 2 2 2
( )
n
CH O nO nCO nH O + +
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Trang 72
2 2
0,15 15( )
CO O
n n m g C = = = .
Cu 59. Hn hp X cha ancol etylic
2 5
C H OH v hai ankan k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Khi t chy hon
ton 18,9 gamX thu c 26,1 gam
2
H O v 26,88 lt
2
CO (ktc). Phn trm v khi lng ca ankan c s
nguyn t C t hn trong hn hp X l:
A. 52,91% B. 22,75 % C. 48,5% D. 61,29%
Li gii.
2 2
1,45( ), 1,2( )
H O CO
n mol n mol = =
Bo ton khi lng ta c:
26,16
18,9 1,2.12 1,6( )
9
O
m g = =
2 5
0,1( )
C H OH
n mol =
1,2 2.0,1 20
0,25 0,1 3
C
n

= =

Suy ra:
6 14
C H v
7 16
C H .
V d tnh ra
6 14
% 22,75% C H B = .
Cu 60. Ngi ta tin hnh iu ch cn 90
o
(ancol etylic) t mt khc g c khi lng m (kg). Trong qu trnh
iu ch, kh
2
CO sinh ra c hp dn vo 2 (l) dung dch KOH 2,5 M (d=1,2g/ml) thu c dung dch cha 2 mui
vi nng 14,85%. Bit trong khc g cha 20% tp cht khng iu ch c v hiu sut qu trnh iu ch
ancol l 80%). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 0,38 (tn). B. 0,3 (tn). C. 0,24 (tn). D. 0,52 (tn).
Li gii.
S hp thc:
6 10 5 2 5 2
2 2 C H O C H OH CO +
2 2 3 2
2 CO KOH K CO H O + +
2 x x x
2 3
CO KOH KHCO +
y y y
2000.1.2 2400( ), 2.5.2 5( )
KOH
dd KOH
m g n mol = = = =
Ta c h:
138 100
0.1485
2400 ( )44
2 5
x y
x y
x y
+
=

+ +

+ =

2
1
x
y
=
<=>

=

132.100.162.100
379,6875( )
80.92.80
m kg A => = =














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Trang 73





Cu 1. Cho 2 s phn ng sau:

3 2
2
,
1 2 4 2 1 1 1
,ete
2 2 4 2 2 2 2
:
:
o
H O t H O HCN
CO Mg HCl
X C H Br A B C
X C H Br A B C
+



Cho 37,6g mi cht
1 2
, X X thc hin 2 s trn. Sau ly ton b
1
C tc dng vi Na d thu cj V (l) kh.
2
C tc dng vi etan-1,2-imin d (H=100%) th thu c m (g) polime. Gi tr ca V v ml:
A. V=4,48 (l) v m=28,4g. B. V=2,24 (l) v m=42,6g.
C. V=1,12 (l) v m=28,4g. D. V=4,48 (l) v m=42,6g.
Li gii:
Cc s :
3 2 3 3 3 2
( ) ( ) CH CHBr CH CHO CH CH OH CN CH CH OH COOH H
0,2 (mol) 0,2 (mol)
4,48( ) V l =
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
( ) Br CH CH Br Br MgCH CH Mg Br Mg OOC CH CH COO HOOC CH CH COOH

2 2 2 2
( )
n
nHOOC CH CH COOH NHOC CH CH CONH
0,2(mol) 0,2 (mol)
28,4( ) m g A = .

Cu 2. Tng h s nguyn nh nht ca cc phn t v ion trong phn ng sau l:
( )
2 2 2
3 4 2
4
[ ] Hg SCN IO Cl H ICl SO Hg H O HCN
+ +
+ + + + + + +
A. 30 B. 38 C. 34 D. 40
Li gii:
Ta c:
( )
2 6 2
4
[ ] 4 4 4 24 Hg SCN H S Hg HCN e
+ + +
+ + + + (x1)
5 1
3 2
4 I O Cl H e I Cl H O
+ + +
+ + + + (x6)
Cng 2 phng trnh li c:
( )
2 2 2
3 4 2
4
[ ] 6 6 8 6 4 2 4 Hg SCN IO Cl H ICl SO Hg H O HCN
+ +
+ + + + + + +
Cu 3. Cho s sau:
0
3 3 4
/ , NH H O LiAlH CuO t HCN
A B C D E
+

Cho bit A l mt hp cht tp chc dng iu ch thuc cm aspirin. Cho 25,2 g E phn ng vi Na d th
khi lng mui thu c l:
A.31,8g B.32,5g C. 42,73g D. 39,1g


Li gii.


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Trang 74
CTCT A:
2 2 2 2
Br CH CH CH CH Br ,
47
180
A
n mol =
( ) ( ) ( )
2 3
/ /ete
2 2 2
4 4 4
OO OOH
CO H O Mg
Br CH Br BrMg CH MgBr H C CH C
+

( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2 4
2 2 2
4 4 4
OO OO [-O O - ]
H N CH NH
n
H C CH C H C CH C HN CH NH


Tnh ra
47
.0,9.0,8.0,72964 0,137 27,16
180
D
n mol m g C = = =

Li gii:
S phn ng.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
4
3 3
,
6 4 6 4 2 6 4
/
6 4 6 4 6 4
6 4 6 4
OOH HO
OO
OO a OONa
o
LiAlH CuO t
NH H O HCN
Na
o OH C H C o OH C H CH OH o OH C H C
o OH C H CHO o OH C H CH OH CN o OH C H CH OH C H
o OH C H CH OH C H o ON C H CH ONa C
+



Tnh ra
25,2
234. 42,73
138
m g C = =
Cu 5. Cn bng cc phng trnh ho hc sau:

4 2 2 3
4 2
FeS MnO H Mn SO Fe H O
+ + +
+ + + + +
Li gii:
FeS nhng 9e,
4
MnO

nhn 5e.
Nn ta cn bng c:
2 2 3
4 4 2
5 9 9 5 5 FeS MnO H Mn SO Fe H O
+ + +
+ + + + +
Cn bng in tch th ta c:
2 2 3
4 4 2
5 9 34 9 5 5 FeS MnO H Mn SO Fe H O
+ + +
+ + + + +
Cn bng
2
H th:
2 2 3
4 4 2
5 9 32 9 5 5 16 FeS MnO H Mn SO Fe H O
+ + +
+ + + + +
Cu 6. Cn bng cc phng trnh ho hc sau:

2 3 2 2
2 2 7 2 4
Cu S Cr O H Cr H O Cu SO
+ + +
+ + + + +
Li gii:
Thmh s 2 cho Cu ra c t l Cu:S l 2:1 (ng vi
2
Cu S bn VT).
cho tin khi cn bng
2 3 2 2
2 2 7 2 4
2 (2 ) Cu S Cr O H Cr H O Cu SO
+ + +
+ + + + +
1 phn t
2
Cu S nhng 2.2+6 = 10e,
2
2 7
Cr O

nhn 6 e.
Bo ton e th:
2 3 2 2
2 2 7 2 4
3 5 10 3(2 ) Cu S Cr O H Cr H O Cu SO
+ + +
+ + + + +
Bo ton in tch:
2 3 2 2
2 2 7 2 4
3 5 46 10 23 3(2 ) Cu S Cr O H Cr H O Cu SO
+ + +
+ + + + +
Cu 7. Cn bng cc phng trnh ho hc sau:

3 3
2 2 n m
Fe O H NO Fe NO H O N O
+ +
+ + + + +
Cu 4. A l mt dn xut ibrom c CTPT C
4
H
8
Br
2
. Tin hnh phn ng brom ho thu c mt hidrocacbon
duy nht c kh nng trng hp ra mt loi polime rt quen thuc.
Ly 56,4 g A thc hin chui bin ho iu ch mt loi t sau:
2 3
/ /ete tan 1,4 diamin
90% 80% 72,964%
CO H O Mg bu
A B C D
+


Khi lng ca D thu c l:
A. 41,79g

B. 16,85g C. 27,16g
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Trang 75
Bit t l NO v
2
N O l 1:1
Li gii:
Ta c:
3
2
3 2 2
2 (3 2 ) x11
3 20 11 10 x(3 2 )
n m
Fe O mH nFe mH O n m e
NO H e NO N O H O n m
+ +
+
+ + +

+ + + +

Cng li:

3
3 2 2
11 (60 18 ) 3(3 2 ) 11 (3 2 ) 3(10 3 ) (3 2 )
n m
Fe O n m H n m NO nFe n m NO n m H O n m NO
+ +
+ + + + +
Cu 8. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi khuy bt
2
CuFeS trong dung dch
2 4 3
( ) Fe SO , ng thi sc
2
O
khng kh. T nu r vai tr ca
2 4 3
( ) Fe SO trong phn ng.
Li gii.
Phn ng xy ra:
2 2 4 3 2 2 4 4 2 4
( ) CuFeS Fe SO O H O CuSO FeSO H SO + + + + +
.Ta c:
2 2 2
2 4
2 16 CuFeS Cu Fe SO e
+ +
+ + + (X6)
3 2 2
2
2 6 2 2 Fe O e Fe O
+ +
+ + + (X16)
Suy ra:
3 2 2 2
2 2 2 4
6 32 16 16 6 38 12 16 CuFeS Fe O H O Cu Fe SO H
+ + + +
+ + + + + +

Cu 9. Cn bng cc phng trnh ho hc sau:

3 2
2 3 3 2 4 4
2 4 2 8 3 2 As S ClO H O AsO H SO Cl
+
+ + + + +
Li gii:
3 2
2 3 3 2 4 4
2 4 2 8 3 2 As S ClO H O AsO H SO Cl
+
+ + + + +
Tng t nh trn ta c:
3 2
2 3 3 2 4 4
3 14 18 6 36 9 14 As S ClO H O AsO H SO Cl
+
+ + + + +
Cu 10. Cn bng cc phng trnh ho hc sau:

3 2
3 2 3 2 2 x y
Fe C MnO H NO Fe CO Mn N O H O
+ + +
+ + + + + + +
4 4 3 4 2 2 2
P NH ClO H PO N Cl H O + + + +

Li gii:
a,
3 2
3 2 3 2 2 x y
Fe C MnO H NO Fe CO Mn N O H O
+ + +
+ + + + + + +
3
3 2
2
2 3 2
3. 9
4. . (2 ) 2.
x y
Fe C Fe CO e
MnO H x NO x e Mn N O H O
+
+ +
+ +

+ + + + +

3 2
3 2 3 2 2
(2 ). 9. 36. 9 . (6 3 ). (2 ). 9. 9. 18.
x y
x Fe C MnO H x NO x Fe x CO Mn N O H O
+ + +
+ + + + + + +

b,
4 4 3 4 2 2 2
P NH ClO H PO N Cl H O + + + +
4 4 3 4 2 2 2
. . . . . . a P b NH ClO c H PO d N e Cl f H O + + + +
4 4
4 3 2
b c f
b c f
= +

= +

4 c f =
Chn 8 c f = =
4 4 3 4 2 2 2
8. 10. 8. 5. 5. 8. P NH ClO H PO N Cl H O + + + +
Cu 11. Cn bng cc phng trnh ho hc sau:
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Trang 76
a.
2 2 3
2 3 2 4 2
OF uFeS
x y
NO C H Cu SO H O F N O Fe
+ + +
+ + + + + + + +
b. ( )
2 2 7 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 4 3
3
uF uS ( ) K Cr O C eS HBr H SO K SO Br C O Fe SO H O Cr SO + + + + + + + +
Li gii.
a.
2 2 3
2 3 2 4 2
OF uFeS
x y
NO C H Cu SO H O F N O Fe
+ + +
+ + + + + + + +
Ta c.
( )
( )
2
2 5 2
2 5
4
5 2 4
5 2
x y
x y
OF e O F
OF xN x y O F N O
xN x y N O

+
+
+ +
+ + + + +
+
(x17)
2 3 6
2
2 17 CuFeS Cu Fe S
+ + +
+ + + (x (5 2 4) x y + )
Suy ra.
( )
( )
2
2 3 2
2 3
4 2
17 17 (5 2 4) 22 2 30 (5 2 4)
(10 4 8) 11 15 34 17 (5 2 4)
x y
F O xNO x y CuFeS x y H x y Cu
x y SO x y H O F N O x y Fe
+ +
+
+ + + + + +
+ + + + + +

b. ( )
2 2 7 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 4 3
3
uF uS ( ) K Cr O C eS HBr H SO K SO Br C O Fe SO H O Cr SO + + + + + + + + .
a v phng trnh ion rt gn.
2 2 3 2 3
2 7 2 2 4 2
Cr O CuFeS Br H Br SO Cr Cu Fe H O
+ + + +
+ + + + + + + +
Ta c.
2 3 6
2 3 6 2
2 2
2
2 17
2 2 19
2 2
CuFeS Cu Fe S
CuFeS Br Cu Fe S Br e
Br Br e
+ + +
+ + +

+ + +
+ + + + +
+
6 3
2 6 2 Cr e Cr
+ +
+
Nh vy.
2 2 3 2 3
2 7 2 2 4 2
19 6 12 170 6 12 38 6 6 85 Cr O CuFeS Br H Br SO Cr Cu Fe H O
+ + + +
+ + + + + + + +
Cu 12. Thc hin chui phn ng vi mt cht A nh sau:
( )
3
1 2 2 1 3 4 1
1 2 4 2 3 3
( )(OO )
A
n
A NaOH B B A A B B B
A NaOH A A A CH C CH CCH
+
+
+
Xc nh A v vit cc phng trnh
phn ng xy ra.
Li gii.
Cht A l
2 3 3 2
( ) ( ) CH C CH COOC CH CH = =
Khi .
3
,
2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3
( ) ( ) ( )( )
HCN H O
CH C CH COOC CH CH CH CO CH CH C OH CH CN
+
= =

0
,170
3 3 2 3 2 3
( )( ) ( ) ( )
H C NaOH
CH C OH CH CN CH C CH COOH CH C CH COONa
+
= =
( )
0
2
, ,
2 3 2 3 3 3
( )
H O CaOH NaOH t
H
CH C CH COONa CH CH CH CH CH OH CH
+
= =
( )
0
,
3 3 1
CuO t
CH CH OH CH B

Cu 13. Cn bng pt sau bng nhiu phng php.
2 2 2 7 4 2 4 2 4 3 2
( ) K S K Cr O KHSO K SO Cr SO H O + + + +
Li gii:
Dng phng php ion in t
2 2 2 3
2 7 4 2
S Cr O H SO Cr H O
+ +
+ + + +
2 3
2 7 2
14 6 2 7 Cr O H e Cr H O
+ +
+ + + (X4)
2 2
2 4
4 8 8 S H O SO H e
+
+ + + (X3)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 2 2 3
2 7 4 2
3 4 32 3 8 16 S Cr O H SO Cr H O
+ +
+ + + +
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Trang 77
Cu 14. Cho phn ng sau:
2 3 2
2 3 4 2 2 2
aCuFeS bH cNO dCu eFe fSO hNO kN O mN nH O
+ + +
+ + + + + + + +
Nu : : : : h k m x y z = th tng a b c + + =
A. 42 80 60 x y z + + B. 44 84 90 x y z + + C. 42 86 80 x y z + + D. 40 84 88 x y z + +
Li gii:
Cn bng:
2
2 3
(3 8 10 ) (20 42 44 ) (17 34 34 ) (3 8 10 ) x y z CuFeS x y z H x y z NO x y z Cu
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + +
3 2
4
(3 8 10 ) (6 16 20 ) x y z Fe x y z SO
+
+ + + + + +
2 2 2
17 17 17 (10 21 22 ) xNO yN O zN x y z H O + + + + + +

Tng 40 84 88 a b c x y z D + + = + + .
Cu 15. Hon thnh s phn ng sau.
( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
2
H S O A ran B long
A O C
MnO HCl D E B
B C D F G
G Ba H I
+ +

+ + +

+ + +

+ +

S .
2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 4
2 4 4 2
2 2 2
4 2
2 2
H S O S H O
S O SO
MnO HCl Cl MnCl H O
SO Cl H O H SO HCl
Ba H SO BaSO H
+ +
+
+ + +
+ + +
+

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Trang 78

Cu 1. X phng ho mt este no n chc mch h X bng 0,6mol MOH (M l kimloi kim) thu c dung
dch Y. C cn Y v t cht rn thu c trong kh
2
O d, n phn ng hon ton to ra 2,24 lt
2
CO (ktc), a
gam
2
H O v 31,8 gammui. Gi tr ca a khng th l?
A. 7,2 gam. B. 9 gam. C. 5,4 gam D. 10,8 gam.
Hng dn.
2 3
0,3 2 60 106 23( )
M CO
n mol M M Na = => + = => =
Do mui natri ca axit hu c.
2 1 n n
C H COONa
+

2 1 2 2 2 3
2 (2 1) (2 1)
n n
C H COONa n CO n H O Na CO
+
+ + + +
2 2 3 2
2 CO NaOH Na CO H O + +
Gi x l s mol
2 3
Na CO sinh ra p chy =>
2 3
(0,3 )
Na CO
n x mol =
2
0,3 0,1 (0,4 )
CO
n x x mol => = + =
2
0,4 0,3 (0,7 2 )
H O
n x x x mol => = + =
Ly kt qu 4 p n th vo => p n A loi (do n l) A
Cu 2. Mt hn hp u gm 7%
2
SO , 11%
2
O v 82%
2
N di p sut 1 atm, c un nng ti 1000K vi s
c mt ca mt cht xc tc. Sau khi cn bng c thit lp, trong hn hp cn bng
2
SO chim 4,7%. Tmmc
oxi ha
2
SO thnh
3
SO v hng s cn bng Kp v Kc ca p.
2
2SO +
2
O
3
2SO (ghi ch. mc oxi ha
c o bng t s gia p sut cn bng v p sut u)
Hng dn.
Ta nhn thy
2
N khng thamgia trong phn ng nn khng cn xt n.
Gi nng ban u l 100x, khi
2
[ ] 7 SO xM =
2
[ ] 11 ( ) O x M = v
2
[ ] 82 ( ) N x M =
Ta c.
1
100
82
p
x
RT
= =
Phn ng xy ra
2 2 3
2 2 SO O SO +
(7x-2a)-----(11x-a)----2a (M).
Ta c.
4
2
0,047 2,8.10
100
a
a
x a

= =

2
2
(2 )
(11 ).(7 2 )
c
a
K
x a x a
=


.( )
n
p c
K K RT
A
= vi n A l bin thn s mol kh theo cc h s trn phng trnh. 2 (2 1) 1 n A = + =
Cu 3.
0
25 C hng s cn bng Kp ca p thu nhit

2
2 ( ) 2 NO Br k NOBr + (k)
1
116,6
p
K atm

= .
a) Nu mt hn NOBr c P = 0,108 atm vi NOc P = 0,1atm v
2
Br c P = 0,01 atm to ra mt hn hp kh
0
0 C th v tr cn bng s nh th no (cu tr li phi nh lng).
b) a NOBr c P = 5 atm vo bnh p
0
50 C th thy trong hn hp cn bng c NOBr P = 4.30 atm. Tnh
Kp
0
50 C . So snh gi tr Kp ny vi Kp
0
25 C . Gii thch?
Hng dn.
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 79
a. Vi cc cht nh bi th
2
2
2
( )
116,64
.( )
o
NOBr
p P
Br NO
p
K K
p p
= = >
Do phn ng c xu hng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch.
b.Phn ng.

2
2 2 NOBr NO Br + (k)
(5-2x)-------------------------2x-------x
Ta c5 2 4,3 0,35( ) x x atm = =
2
.50 2
.4 343
(5 2 ) 3698
p
x x
K
x
= =

Khi so snh th so snh
1 1
.50
107,8( )
p
K atm

= vi
0
p
K
Ta c
0
1
.50 p p
K K

>
Nguyn nhn. Khi nhit tng, phn ng 2NO+ Br_2( ) k \rightarrow 2NOBr chuyn dch theo chiu thun tc l
gim p sut chung ca h, dn n
p
K gim.
Cu 4. Oxi ho m gam ru etylic bng CuO(
0
t , xt) t nng,thu c n gam hn hp andehic,axit,ruu v
nc.Hn hp ny tc dng vi Na d sinh ra V l kh hidro(dktc) v thu c k gam mui khan.Tnh khi lng k
theo m,n,
Hng dn.
2 5 3 2
[ ] C H OH O CH CHO H O + +
x------------------x-----------------------x
2 5 3 2
2[ ] C H OH O CH COOH H O + +
y----------------2y------------------------y
ancol d.
2 5
: ( ) C H OH z mol
LBTKL. ta c. 2
16
n m
x y

+ =
Sinh kh
2
H 2
11,2
V
x y z + + =
Ta c. mui khan l
3
: ( ) CH COONa y mol v
2 5
: ( ) C H ONa z mol
H.
46
2
16
2
11,2
m
x y z
n m
x y
V
x y z

+ + =

+ =

+ + =

Gii h cc pt trn suy ra dpcm

Cu 5.Cho 53,6 gamhn hp X gm
3 4 2
, , , FeO Fe O Cu O tc dng ht vi
3
HNO (long) thu c 2,24l
NO(dktc).Khi lng
3 4
Fe O trong hn hp X?
Hng dn.
Gi ( )
FeO
n x mol = ;
3 4
( )
Fe O
n y mol = v
2
( )
Cu O
n z mol =
Ta c 2 0,1.3 72 72 144 0,3.72 x y z x y z + + = + + =
53,6 72 232 144 x y z = + +
Tr 2 pt ta c
53,6 0,3.72
232 72
y

=

Cu 6. Cho dung dch A gm .
2 4
H SO ;
4
FeSO v
4
MSO ( M l kimloi ho tr II )
dung dch B gm NaOH 0,5 M v
2
BaCl d
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 80
- trung ho 200 ml dd A cn 40 ml dd B.
- Nu Cho 200 ml dd A tc dng vi 300 ml dd B
th thu c 21,07 g kt ta C (gm 1 mui v 2 hiroxt ca 2 kim loi) v dung dch D.
- trung ho D cn 40 ml HCl 0,25 M
a) TmM bit M c khi lng mol 23 >
b) Tmnng cc cht trong A
Hng dn.
Th nghim 1. Trong B th
2 4
0,02( ) 0,01( )
NaOH H SO
n mol n mol = =
T 2 th nghim sau ta tnh ra
.
0,14( )
NaOH pu
n mol =
Tr i phn ng trung ho l 0,02(mol) th phn ng vi mui l 0,12(mol)
Nhn xt. C 2 mui u ca kim loi ho tr 2 nn
2
4
0,06( )
SO
n mol

=
v
2
4
4
0,07( ) 16,31( )
BaSO
SO
n mol m g

= =

Ta c. 0,06 x y + = v 56 21,07 16,31 0,12.17 2,72( ) x My g + = =
Suy ra 45,33 45,33 M M = <
Suy ra 24 M = l Mg.
Cu 7. X v Y ln lt l cc tripeptit v hexapeptit ca mt aminoaxit no,mch h cha mt nhm
2
NH v mt
nhm COOH . t chy 0.1 mol x bng
2
O va thu c sn phm gm
2 2 2
, , CO H O N c tng khi lng l
40,5g. Nu cho 0,15 mol y tc dng vi NaOH (ly d 20% so vi lng cn thit) sau phn ng c cn dung dch
thu c bao nhiu gamcht rn?
Hng dn.
Gi CTPT ca amico acid l
2 1 2 n n
C H O N
+

Suy ra CTPT ca X l
3 6 1 4 3 n n
C H O N

t chy X thu c 40,5 0,1.3 .44 9(6 1).0,1 0,15.28 2 m n n n = = + + =

Cng thc ca Y l.
12 20 7 6
C H O N
Cn li .. 0,55 3 15 0,25 ... x x x + = =
Cu 8. Nung a gamhn hp X gm Fe v S trong iu kin ko c ko kh cho n phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c cht rn Y.Chia Y thnh 2 phn bng nhau cho phn 1 tc dng vs dd HCl d thu c hn hp kh Z c t khi
vi
2
/ 13
H
d =
1.Tnh % mi cht c trong X?
2.Cho 2 phn tc dng ht vi 5,5g dd
2 4
H SO 98% un nng thu c Vl kh
2
SO (SP kh duy nht,ktc) v dd
A.Cho dung dch A tc dng ht vi
2
BaCl d to thnh 58,25 gamkt ta.Tnh a,V?
Hng dn.
Cho 2 phn tc dng ht vi 55g dd
2 4
H SO 98% un nng thu
Gi
2 2
( ) 3 ( )
H H S
n x mol n x mol = =
hay ( )
Fe
n x mol = v 3 ( )
FeS
n x mol =
Ta c.
4
0,25( )
BaSO
n mol =
2 4
0,55( )
H SO
n mol =

Ta c.
2
3 27
15 ( )
2
SO
x x
n x mol
+
= =
p dng nh lut bo ton S ta c
0,55 3 15 0,25 ... x x x + = =
Cu 9. Chia mgamhn hp Cu va Al thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn mt cho vo NaOH thu c 6,72 l kh
2
H
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 81
v
1
m gamkl khng tan. Phn hai cho vo dd
3
HNO thu c 6,72 l kh NO (ktc) duy nht v
2
m gamkl khng
tan.cho ln lt
1
m v
2
m qua
2
O d thi thu c tng ng
1
1,6064m gamoxit v
2
1,542m gamoxit .Tmm.
Hng dn.
( )
Cu
n x mol = v ( ).
Al
n y mol =
Trc tin ta nhn xt rng c 2 trng hp s mol kh nh nhau do ln 1 kim loi tan nhiu hn phn 2.
Nh vy phn 2 ch c Al tan v c th l cn d.
Gi s c 2 ln Al u d v do Cu cng d.
Do chnh lch khi
Ta c. ( )
Cu
n x mol = v 0,2( )
Al
n y mol =
80 51( 0,2)
64 27( 0,2)
1,6064
x y
x y
+
+ =
Phn 2. ( )
Cu
n x mol = v 0,3( )
Al
n y mol =
80 51( 0,3)
64 27( 0,3)
1,542
x y
x y
+
+ =
Tip theo l trng hp phn 1 Al cha ht cn phn 2 Al ht v Cu tan mt phn.
Xt tng t.
Cui cng l Al phn 1 tan ht, ri sau suy ra phn 2.
Cu 10. t chy hon ton 2,54 (g) este E (khng cha nhm chc khc) mch h, c to t acid n chc v
ru, thu c 2,688 (l) kh
2
CO v 1,26 (g)
2
H O. Cho 0,1 mol E phn ng va vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH
1,5 M to mui v ru. t chy ru thu c 6,72 (l)
2
CO . A l acid to nn E. Hn X gm A v 2 ng phn
cu to ca n u phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH (va ), c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c cht rn
B v hn hp hi D. D tc dng vi dung dch
3 2
[ ( ) ]( ) Ag NH OH d thu c 21,6 (g) Ag. Nung B vi NaOH
rn, d trong iu kin khng c khng kh thu c hn hp hi F. a F v nhit thng th c mt cht
ngng t G cn li hn kh N. G tc dng vi Na d sinh ra 1,12 (l) kh
2
H . Hn hp kh N qua Ni nung nng thu
c kh P. Sau phn ng hn hp kh gim 1,12 (l) v
2
/
8
P H
d = . Tnh khi lng cc cht trong X. Bit rng cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton v cc th tch o iu kin tiu chun.
Hng dn.
: 0,3:0,1 3:1
NaOH E
n n E = = l este 3 chc to t axit n chc v ru 3 chc.
2
CO
n sinh ra t ru = 0,3mol => CTCT ca ru.
3 5 3
( ) C H OH
2 2
0,12 ; 0,07
CO H O
n mol n mol = =
(2,54 0,12.12 0,07.2)
0,06
16
O
n mol

= =
12 14 6
0,01 12; 14 :
E
n mo C H E C H O = = = =>
E c CTCT l .
2 3 3 5
( ) CH CH COO C H =
: A CH_2=CH-COOH
X l hn hp gm c A v 2 ng phn cu to A u phn ng vi NaOH
Hai ng phn c CTCT ln lt l.
2
HCOOCH CH = v
3 4 2
v ng C H O

2 2 2
CH CH COOH NaOH CH CH COONa H O = + = +
2 3
HCOOCH CH NaOH HCOONa CH CHO = + > +
0,1------------------------0,1--------------0,1
2 2 2 2
CH CH C O NaOH HO CH CH COONa = + >
\ O/
3 2 3
2 CH CHO Ag O CH COOH Ag + > +
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 82
0,1------------------------------------0,2
2 2 3 2 2
CH CH COONa NaOH Na CO CH CH = + > + =
2 3 2
HCOONa NaOH Na CO H + > +
0,1---------------------------------0,1
2 2 2 3 3 2
HO CH CH COONa NaOH Na CO CH CH OH + > +
0,1---------------------------------------------------0,1
3 2 3 2 2
1
2
CH CH OH Na CH CH ONa H + > +
0,1-----------------------------------------0,05
Hn hp kh gm .
2
H v
2 4
C H
S mol gim = 0,05mol chnh l s mol
2
H phn ng
Gi x l s mol
2 4
28 0,2 16( 0,05) 0,05( ) C H x x x mol => + = + => =
T y ta d dng tnh khi lng cc cht trong X.
Cu 11. t chy hon ton 1 hydrocacbon A ri cho sn phm chy hp th ht vo nc vi trong d, thu 4 gam
kt ta. Lc tch kt ta cn li bnh ng nc vi trong d th thy khi lng gim 1,376 gam
a) Xc nh CTPT ca A
b) Cho clo ho ht a mol A bng chiu sng, sau phn ng thu c 1 hn hp B gm 4 ng phn cha clo. Bit
2
( / )
93
B H
d < v hiu sut phn ng t 100%, t s kh nng phn ng ca nguyn t H ca C bc 1 . 2 . 3 = 1 . 3,3
. 4,4. Tnh s mol cc ng phn trong hn hp B.
Hng dn.
a)V
2
( ) Ca OH d ta c.
2
0,04
CO
n = mol,
3 2 2 2
( ) 1,376 0,048
ddgiam CaCO CO H O H O
m m m m n = + = =
0,04 5
0,048.2 12
C
H
n
n
= =
CTPT ca A l CT n gin nht( v s H. y=2x+2)
5 10
C H
b) Cho clo ho A bng chiu sng, sau phn ng thu c 1 hn hp B gm 4 ng phn cha clo, 186
tbB
M <
B .
5 12
3,304
m m
C H Cl m

<
A l. 2 metyl butan( iso pentan):0,008mol
kh nng th vo C bc I. 9.1 9 =
kh nng th vo C bc II. 2.3,3 6,6 =
kh nng th vo C bc III. 1.4,4 4,4 =
Tng. 9 6,6 4,4 20 + + =
Vy.
2 3 2 3
0,008
( ) 6. 0,0024
20
CH Cl CH CH CH CH = = mol
3 3 2 2
0,008
( ) 3. 0,0012
20
CH CH CH CH CH Cl = = mol
3 3 3
0,008
( ) 6,6. 0,00264
20
CH CH CH CHCl CH = = mol
2 3 2 3
0,008
( ) 4,4. 0,00176
20
CH Cl CCl CH CH CH = = mol
Cu 12.Hn hp kh a gm
2
H v 2 hidrocacbon X;Y vi s mol 0,8 Xc tc Ni sau phn ng s mol hh l 0,6 (hh
B). cho hh B qua dung dch Brom d thy thot ta 1 kh X duy nht t chy X th t l khi lng
2 2
: 88: 45 CO H O = t chy B thu c 61,6 gam
2
CO v 21,6 gam
2
H O. TmX;Y ???
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Trang 83
Hng dn.
Xt kh X. d dng tmra X l
4 10
C H
Ta nhn thy s mol kh gim i mt 0,2 (mol) tng ng vi
2
H phn ng.
Khi dn B qua
2
Br khng thy c
2
H thot ra chng t hidro phn ng ht.
Do Y c cng thc l
2 2 2 n n k
C H
+

2
0,2( )
H
n mol = 0,6( )
X Y
n mol
+
=
Ta c.
2
1,4( )
CO
n mol = v
2
1,2
H O
n =
Suy ra 2,33 C = v
11
3
H = Nh vy Y c CT
2 2
C H
Vy.
4 10
: X C H v
2 2
: Y C H
Cu 13. Khng dng thmha cht no khc , hy nhn bit tng cht rn v dung dch sau.
2 3 2 3
, , , , , , , , , , Na Zn Fe Al Cu Fe O CuO ZnO Al O Ba Ag v cc dung dch
2 2 4
, , , NaOH FeCl H SO HCl
Hng dn.
Ta c th nhn bit c 2 cht NaOH v
2
FeCl nhm 2. Khi cho phn ng th 2 cht no to kt ta.
em 2 dung dch trong khng kh sau mt thi gian thy dung no chuyn sang mu nu l
2
FeCl cn dd kia
l NaOH.
Ly 2 dung dch acid nhn ra c cp Ba v
2 4
H SO do nhn ra c HCl.
.Tch c 2 kim loi Ag v Cu.
em nung 2 KL ny trong khng kh ri ho tan vo acid, cht no tan to dd dch xanh lam l Cu cn li l Ag.
. Cht no ho tan khng to kh l.
2 3 2 3
, , , Fe O CuO ZnO Al O
- Thy xut hin dung dch xanh lam l CuO
- Xut hin dd mu nu l
2 3
Fe O
- 2 oxit kia,
+Ly kh t cc phn ng kia dn qua 2 cht ny nung nng, ri ly cht rn thu c cho vo dung dch acid, thy
thot kh nhn ra ZnO cn li l Al_2O_3
. 4 kimloi. Na,Zn,Fe,Al
- Dng
2
FeCl nhn ra Zn v Al b ho tan v kimloi Na cho kh bay ra ng thi xut hin kt ta.
- Cn Zn v Al thc hin nhn bit nh ZnO v
2 3
Al O .
Cu 14. Ha tan 46(g)hn hp gm Ba v 2 kimloi kim k tip nhau trong bng tun hon vo nc thu c dd
v 11,2 lt kh(dktc).cho t t m(g) Zn vo dd C n khi kh khng thot ra. tnh m v th tch kh thot ra.
- Thm0,18 mol
2 3
Na CO vo dd C th d ion
2
. Ba
+

- Thm0,21 mol
2 3
Na CO vo dd C th d
2 3
Na CO . Tm2 kimloi kim.
Hng dn.
2
2. 1( )
H
OH
n n mol

= =
2
2 2
2OH Zn ZnO H

+ +
65.0,5( ) m g =
11,2( ) V l =
Tip theo.
2
0,18 0,21
Ba
n
+
s s (1)
H. 2 1 1 2 x y y x + = = v 137 46 x My + =
46
137 (1 2 ) 46 (137 2 ) 46
137 2
M
x M x x M M x
M

+ = = =

Kt hp vi (1) tmra gii hn ca M
Cu 15. un m gam hn hp X gm axit axetic v ancol etylic vi
2 4
H SO c,chng ct dung dch sau phn ng
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Trang 84
thu c hn hp Y.Chia hn hp Y thnh 2 phn bng nhau.Phn 1 tc dng vi mt lng dung dch NaOH va
thu c 3,28 gam mui.Phn 2 tc dng vi 1 lng Na va ,ri c cn thu c 0,672 lit
2
H ktc v 3,38
gamcht rn.Tnh hiu sut phn ng este ha.
Hng dn.
Khi chng ct th trong Y c acid axetic (x mol) ; ancol etylic (y mol) v etyl axetat (z mol) v nc to ra l z (mol).
(trong mi phn).
Phn 1. ta c 0,04 x z + =
Phn 2. 0,06 x y z + + =
60 46 18 2,06 x y z + + =
Tmra 0,01( ) x mol = ; 0,02( ) y mol = v 0,03( ) z mol =
Cu 16. Cho 10,16 gamhn hp A gm x mol mt axit n chc,y mol mt ancol n chc v z mol mt este to
thnh t axit v ancol trn.Chi hn hp A thnh 2 phn bng nhau.
Phn 1.t chy hon ton thu c 5,152 lt
2
CO (kc) v 3,6 gam
2
H O.
Phn 2.Tc dng va ht vi 250 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M thu c p gam cht B v 1,84 gamcht C.Cho ton b
cht Cphn ng hon ton vi CuO d thu c cht D. Cho D tc dng vi dung dch
3 3
/ AgNO NH d thu c
8,64 gamAg.
a/Tnh , , , x y z p
b/xc nh cng thc cu to v tnh khi lng mi cht trong hn hp A
Hng dn.
Phn 2. D thy C l ancol v ta tmra C l etanol v cng l ancol trong hn hp ban u.
0,04( )
etanol
n mol =
0,05( )
NaOH
n mol =
Phn 1. n_{CO_2}=0,23 (mol) v n_{H_2O}=0,2 (mol)
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng tmra khi lng oxi cn t chy l
2
8,64( ) 0,27( )
O
m g n mol = =
p dng nh lut bo ton oxi.
[ ].. .
0,12( )
O trong A
n mol =

Ta c h. 2 2 0,12.2 x y z + + = vi 0,1 x z + = v 0,08 y z + =
Gii ra. 0,06( ) x mol = v 0,04( ) y z mol = =
n y vic tmcng thc qu n gin.
Cu 17. Ha tan ht 7,74 gam hn hp gm ; Mg Al bng 500 ml dung dch 1,2 HCl M v
2 4
0,28 H SO M thu
c dung dch X v 8,736 lt
2
H . Tnh KL mui khan thu c khi c cn X
Hng dn.
Ta c
2
0,39( )
H
n mol =
0,88( )
H
n mol
+
=

Do Acid d. 0,1( )
H
n mol
+
=
Khi c cn X, HCl b bay hi do khi lng mui khan.
7,74 0,14.96 0,5.35,5 ..... m = + + =
(Khng th nhn xt rng HCl d c, v bn cht l phn ng gia ion kim loi v H
+

Cu 18. Hidrocacbon A c khi lung phn t 80 M = .Ozon phn t A ch to thnh andehit fomic v andehit
oxalic. Xc nh tn gi A.
Dng c ch gii thch s hnh thnh cc n phm hnh thnh khi cng brom vo A theo t l 1;1
gi tn sn phm ny
Hng dn.
CTPT ca A l
6 8
C H c 3 k =
Khi ozon phn A to ra. HCHO v OHC CHO
Ta c th suy ra CTCT ca A.
2 2
CH CH CH CH CH CH = = =
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 85
Tn gi . hex-1,3,5-trien
b. Khi cng
2
Br t l 1.1 th s c v tr phn ng l u v gia.
Ta xt v tr u.
2
Br Br Br
+
+
Sau .
2 2 2 2
( ) Br CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH Br CH CH CH CH
+ +
+ = = = = =
V
2 2 2 2
( ) CH CH Br CH CH CH CH Br CH Br CHBr CH CH CH CH
+
= = + = =
Tn. 5,6-dibrom-hex-1,3-dien
Cu 19. cho cc sn phm buten cng vi HCl so snh kh nng phn ng cng ca chng
Hng dn.
Cc sn phm.
2 2 3
CH CH CH CH = (1)
3 3
CH CH CH CH = (2)
v
2 3 3
( ) CH C CH CH = (3)
Vi 2 cht u hiu ng I + ca nhm
2 5
C H v
3
CH
u yu hn 2 nhm
3
CH
Do in tch m trn nguyn t C ca 2 cht u km hn cht 3.
Do cht 3 s cng d nht.
Cu 20. 100
o
C , khi lng mol trung bnh ca hn hp gm mt s hidrocacbon lin tip trong cng mt dy
ng ng no l 64.Sau khi lm lnh hn hp nhit phng, th mt s cht trong hn hp b ho lng.Khi
lng mol trung bnh ca hn hp sau bng 54 cn Khi lng mol trung bnh ca hn hp lng bng 74.
Bit tng phn t khi ca hn hp u l 252.Phn t khi ca cht nng nht gp i ca cht nh nht.
TmCTPT ca cc cht trong hn hp u.
Hng dn.
Gi n l s HC trong hn hp ban u.
M ; 14.1 M + ; 14.2 M + ; ...... ; 14.( 1) M n +
cht u tin c phn t khi l M th cht cui l M+14(n-1)
14( 1) M n => =
Tng ca khi ca hn hp c xc nh.
. 14[1 2 3 ...( 1)] 14( 1) 14.[ . ( 1) / 2] 252 M n n n n n n + + + + = + =
3 42 n M => = => =
Vy cc hidrocacbon l
3 6 4 8 5 10 6 12
, , , C H C H C H C H
Cu 21. Hn hp X gm 1 ancol v 2sanr phm hp nc ca propen. T khi hi ca X so vi hidro l 23. Cho mg
X qua ng ngCuO d. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu dc hhY gm ba cht hu c v hi nc, kl ng s
gim 3,2 g. cho Y tc dng hon ton vi dd
3
AgNO trong
3
NH d thu dc 48,6g Ag. Phn trm khi lng ca
propan-1ol
Hng dn.
Ta c 46 M = v 2 ancol to ra t propen l
3 2 2
CH CH CH OH v
3 3
( ) CH CH OH CH
Suy ra ancol cn li l
3
CH OH
Gi , , ( ) x y z mol ln lt l s mol ca metanol, propan-1-ol v propan-2-ol.
Ta c h.


0,2
32 60 60 46.0,2
4 2 0,45
x y z
x y z
x y
+ + =

+ + =

+ =

( )
( )
( )
0,1
0,025
0,075
x mol
y mol
z mol
=

http://boxmath.vn
Trang 86
Cu 22. Cho 2,7g kimloi A tc dng vi 50g dd HCl thu c dung dch X trung ho dung dch X trn cho 50g
dd NaOH 8% c dung dch Y. Trong Y NaCl cha 5,73%.Tmtn kimloi A va C% ca HCl.
Hng dn.
Phn ng trung ho.

2
NaOH HCl NaCl H O + +
0,1(mol)--0,1-----0,1(mol)
Suy ra 5,85( )
NaCl
m g =
Suy ra khi lng ca dch Y l.
5,85.100
102,0942( )
5,73
dd
m g = =
Khi lng ca dung dch Y l khi lng ca dd HCl , dung dch NaOH, KL A v tr kh
2
H bay ra.
2,7 100 102,0942 0,6058( ) x x g + = = l khi lng ca
2
H
2
0,3029( )
H
n mol =
2,7
0,6058 4,45
n
M n
M
= =
0,1 0,6058 0,7058( )
H
n mol
+
= + =

0,7058.36,5
50
C =
Bin lun n=2, M=9 (xp x thi)
Kimloi Be.
Cu 23. Cho t t 300ml dd
3
NaHCO 0.1M,
2 3
K CO 0,2M vo 100ml dd HCl 0,2M ,
4
NaHSO 0,6M thu c V
lit
2
CO thot ra ktc v dd X.Thmvo ddX 100ml dd KOH 0,6M,
2
BaCl 1,5M thu c m(g) kt ta .gi tri
ca V(lit) v ml.
Hng dn.
0,08( )
H
n mol
+
=

Gi V (l) l th tch dung dch phn ng.
Ta c.
3
0,1 ( )
HCO
n V mol

=
2
3
0,2 ( )
CO
n V mol

=
Khi phn ng vi H
+

Th. 0,1 0,4 0,08 0,16( ) V V V l + = =
Suy ra tng s mol kh.
2
0,3 0,048( ) 1,0752( )
CO
n V mol V l = = =

Cn li trong dung dch.
3
0,14.0,1 0,014( )
HCO
n mol

= = v
2
3
0,028( )
CO
n mol
+
=
Vy .....
Cu 24. un nng 0,1mol este no n chc E vi 0,18 mol hidroxit ca kim loi lim M.sau khi kt thc phn ng
x phng ho, c cn dd thu c cht rn A v 4,6g ancol B. bit rng B b xi ho bi CuO thnh sn phm c kh
nng trng gng. t A th thu c 9,54g mui cacbonnat, 8,26g hn hp
2
CO v
2
H O. Xc nh M. tim CTCT
ca este
Hng dn.
B l ancol etylic.
Mui cacbonat.
2 3
M CO c s mol
0,18
0,09( )
2
n mol = =
Tmra 23 M = (Na).
Ta c. Cht rn bao gm
2 1
:0,1( )
n n
C H COONa mol
+
v :0,08( ) NaOH mol
Ta c.

2 1 2 2 2 3
2 (2 1) (2 1)
n n
C H COONa n CO n H O Na CO
+
+ + +
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 87
0,1-------------------------------0,05(2n+1)---0,05(2n+1)---0,05
2 2 3 2
2NaOH CO Na CO H O + +
0,08-----0,04-------------------------0,04
Ta c
2
0,1 0,01
CO
n n = + v
2
0,1 0,09
H O
n n = +
Suy ra. 44(0,1 0,01) 18(0,1 0,09) 8,26 1 n n n + + + = =
Vy ....
Cu 25. Mt hh X gm 1 ankan,1 anken,1 ankin c th tch 1,792(l) ktc,chia hh X lm2 phn bng nhau.
1
P .Cho qua dd
3 3
/ AgNO NH to ra 0,735(g) kt ta v th tch hh gim 12,5%
2
P .t chy hon ton ri cho sn phm vo 9,2(l) dd
2
( ) Ca OH 0,0125 M thu c 11 gam kt ta
Xc nh CTPT ca cc hidrocacbon.
Hng dn
Phn 1. 147
kt
M = ankin l
3 4
C H
Phn 2.
2
0,11( )
CO
n mol = hoc . ( )
2
0,12
CO
n mol =
V cc cht th kh nn c 4 C s
Xt C trung bnh l 3.
cc cp.
4 10
C H v
2 4
C H
Hoc
4 8
C H v
2 6
C H (
4
CH ).
Hoc l C=3 ht.
Xt C trung bnh l 2,75
2 4
C H v
4 10
C H hoc
3 8
C H
Cu 26. X phng ho 0,15mol 1este A bng dd NaOH 1,25M th dng 200ml. C cn thu c 14,2g cht rn
khan.nu t chy hon ton 0,1mol A ri cho sn phm vo dung dch
2
( ) Ba OH th thu c 19,7g kt ta. nu
thm st d vo th thu c 19,7g kt ta na. xc nh CTPT ca A.
Hng dn.
Tnh ra
2
0,3( )
CO
n mol =

Suy ra s C l 3.
Ta c. 1,67
NaOH
este
n
n
= suy ra este l n chc.
D dng tmra mui l HCOONa
Suy ra CT.
2 5
HCOOC H
Hoc
2 3
HCOOC H
Cu 27. X l hn hp gm
2 2
C H v
2
H c t khi so vi
2
H l 5. un X vi bt Ni mt thi gian thu c hn
hp Y c t khi so vi
2
H l 9,375. Ly 0,16 mol Y cho i qua bnh ng
2
Br d phn ng xy ra hon ton
thy khi lng bnh dng
2
Br tng thm m (g). Tmm.
Hng dn.
Trong X.
2
2 2
1
2
H
C H
n
n
=
gim s mol x l s mol ca
2
H mt i.
Suy ra.
7
10 18,75( )
15
a
a a x x = > =
0,16.18,75 3
X Y
m m = = =
Suy ra. Trong X.
2 2 2
0,1 ; 0,2
C H H
n mol n mol = =
S mol
2
H phn ng. 0,14 0,12
du
x mol m g = > =
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 88
Gi y l s mol ca
2 6
C H
Ta c. 0,06 0,07 y s s
DLBTKL. 3 30 0,12 m y = + +
Suy ra ...
Cu 28. X l hp kim ca 2 kim loi gm kimloi kim M v kimloi kim th R. Ly 28,8 gam X ha tan hon
ton vo nc, thu c 6,72 lt
2
H (ktc). em 2,8 gam Li luyn thm vo 28,8 gamX th % khi lng ca Li
trong hp kim va luyn l 13,29%. Kimloi kim th R trong hp kim X l
Hng dn.
Trc tin ta c nhn xt rng khi luyn thm Li vo th %
2,8
6,33% 13,29
28,8 2,8
Li
m = = <
+
%
Nh vy kim loi kim trong hp kim chc chn l Li.
V tnh ra trong 28,8g X c
2
0,2 0,1
Li H
n mol n mol = > =
Suy ra 0,2
R
n mol =
Nh vy 137( ) R Ba =
Cu 29. Hn hp X gm hai ankin, t chy hon ton 2,24l hh X (dktc) thu c 12,76g
2
CO ,
Khi cho 2,24l hhX tc dng vs dd
3 2
[ ( ) ] Ag NH OH d, thu dc 12,3g kt ta.
Cng thc cu to ca hai ankin ln lt l.
A.
3 3
, CH CH CH C C CH
B.
3 2
, CH CH CH CH C CH
C.
3
, CH CH CH C CH
D.
3 3 2
, CH C CH CH CH C CH
Hng dn.
Ta c. 0,1
X
n mol =
2
0,29
CO
n mol =
Suy ra s C trung bnh. 2,9 n = c .CH CH
Xt trng hp ankin kia l
3 4
C H
Ta tnh ra
2 2
0,01( )
C H
n mol = v
3 4
0,09
C H
n mol =
Kt ta to ra t
2 2
C H l 2,4g
T
3 8
C H l 13,23g
Loi.
Xt trng hp kia
4 6
C H
Th
2 2
..
0,055 13,2
C H ket tua
n m g A = =
Cu 30. Nung C vi hi nc nhit cao thu c hn hp X (
2 2
, , CO CO H ). Cho X qua dd
2
( ) . Ca OH d
thu c kh B.Cho kh B qua CuO th thy kh c 0,112 mol CuO v c 0,07 mol
2
. H O Tm%V ca
2
CO
trong hn h hp ban u
Hng dn.
Khi dn qua
2
( ) Ca OH th
2
CO b gi li ht.
Cc kh CO v
2
H u c c im l kt hp vi 1 mol [O]
Ta c.
[ ]
0,112
O
n mol =

vi
2
H th
[ ]
0,07
O
n =
Suy ra 0,042
CO
n mol =
Cc p xy ra.
2 2 2
2 2 C H O CO H + +
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 89
x------------------x-------2x
2 2
C H O CO H + +
y-------------y--------y
ta c. 0,042 y = v 2 0,07 x y + =
%
2
.....
3 2
H
x
V
x y
= =
+

Cu 31. A l dung dch cha 0,6 mol
3
Al
+
.Cho vo dd a mol OH th thu c b gam kt ta,cho tip 1,5a mol
OH

th thy kt ta gim 1 na.Tnh gi tr a,b?

Hng dn.
a. Kt ta ln mt cha tan.
3
3
3 ( ) Al OH Al OH
+
+
3
a
---a----
3
a

Khi cho 1,5a th.
...
0,6 1,8 1,5
ket tua
n a = +
Lp t l. 2
3(0,78 1,5 )
a
a
=

1,44 a =
b. Kt ta ln 1 b ho tan.
... ..1
0,6 1,8
ket tua
n a = +
Ln 2;
..
0,6 1,8 1,5
ket tua
n a = +
Lp t l.
0,6 1,8
2
0,6 1,8 1,5
a
a
+
=
+
1,2 a =
Cu 32. Nh t t
1
3V ml dung dch
2
( ) Ba OH vo
1
V ml dung dch
2 4 3
( ) Al SO th thu c kt ta ln nht l
m gam. Nu trn
2
V ml dung dch
2
( ) Ba OH vo dung dch mui nhm trn th kt ta thu c l 0,9mgam.
T s
2
1
V
V
l bao nhiu?
Hng dn.
n gin bi ton ta gi s
2
( ) Ba OH c nng 1M v
2 4 3
( ) Al SO c nng aM.
th nghim 1.
Kt ta ln nht do va . Suy ra.
1 1
2 . .3 6 aV V = hay a=1. suy ra.
1
78.2. m V = (1)
Tin n TN2.
thy kt ta gimchng t kt ta b hon tan.
Lng ho tan l 0,1m.
Khi .
2 1
0,1 78.(2 6 ) m V V = (2)
T 1 v 2 suy ra pcm.
Gii thch r.
3
3
3 ( ) Al OH Al OH
+
+
1
2V ----
1
6V ----
1
2V
3 4
( ) [ ( ) ] Al OH OH Al OH

+
2 1
2 6 V V
Cu 33. Cho 14,4(g) hn hp Fe,Mg,Cu (c s mol bng nhau)tc dng ht vi 100ml dung dch
3
HNO x M thu
c dung dc Y v 2,688 lit (ddktc) hn hp kh
2 2 2
; ; ; N NO N O NO trong s mol
2
N bng s mol
2
NO .C
cn dd Y thu c 58,8 g mui. Tnh x = ?
Hng dn.
Ta c. 0,1
Fe Mg Cu
n n n mol = = =
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 90
S mol e cho. 0,1.7 0,7
e
n mol = =

Suy ra s mol ca gc
3
NO

trong mui kim loi l 0,7mol

Nh vy khi lng mui kim loi l. 0,7.62 14,4 57,8 m = + =
Suy ra.
4 3
1 0,0125
NH NO
m g n mol = > =
Nh vy s electron m cc kh nhn l. 0,6
nhan
n mol =
Gi
2 2
(
N NO
n n x mol = = ;
NO
n ymol = v
2
( )
N O
n z mol =
Ta c. 2 0,12 x y z mol + + = (1); 10 3 8 0,6 x x y z + + + = (2)
S mol
3
HNO phn ng l.
4 3
0,7 3 2 2.
NH NO
n x y z n = + + + +
Ly (1) nhn vi 2 ri cng vi (2) s thy iu c bit
Cu 34. Hn hp A gm 0,56g Fe v 16g
2 3
Fe O ,trn A vi mg bt nhm ri nung nhit cao( khng c
khng kh) thu c hn hp D. Nu cho D tan trong dd
2 4
H SO long d th thu dc a lit kh,nhng cho D tc dng
vs dd NaOH d th th tch kh thu dc l 0,25a lit trong cng iu kin.. Khong gi tr cua m.
Hng dn.
0,01
Fe
n mol = ;
2 3
0,1
Fe O
n mol =
Gi a l s mol ban u, v x l s mol
2 3
Fe O phn ng.
2 3 2 3
2 2 Al Fe O Al O Fe + > +
2x-------x--------------------2x
Sau. 2 ( )
Al
n a x mol = v 2 0,01( )
Fe
n x mol = +
Khi dn qua
2 4
H SO 1,5( 2 ) 2 0,01 1,5 0,01
khi
n a x x a x = + + = +
Khi cho qua NaOH. 1,5( 2 )
khi
n a x =

Theo .
1,5( 2 ) 2 0,01
4
1,5( 2 )
a x x
a x
+ +
=

Rt ra. 4,5( 2 ) 2 0,01 11 4,5 0,01 a x x x a = + > =
4,5 0,01
11
a
x

=
Ta c. 0 0,1 ... x s s
Cu 35. t mt hp cht hu c A, sn phm thu c cho qua bnh ng 8 lt dung dch
2
( ) Ca OH lnh
27
o
C , p sut 2,28 atm c m gam kt ta v dung dch B c khi lng gim 3,858 gam. un nng dung dch B
n khi lng khng i ri dn sn phm kh qua dung dich
2
( ) Ba OH d thu c m gam kt ta. TmCng
thc phn t A bit 42 56
A
M < <
Hng dn.
D dng tnh ra
2
( )
0,741
Ca OH
pV
n mol
RT
= =
Gi
3
CaCO
n xmol = v
3 2
( ) Ca HCO
n ymol =
Ta c. 0,741 x y mol + = v 100 197.2 x y =
Gii ra. 0,591 x = v 0,15 y mol =
2
2 0,891
CO
n x y mol > = + =

Ta c.
2 2
100 ( ) 3,858
CO H O
x m m + =
Tmra
2 2
16,038 0,891
H O H O
m g n mol = > =
Suy ra A c CTPT.
2 n n x
C H O
Bin lun tmra. 1; 2 x n = =
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 91
Tmra A l
2 4
C H O
Cu 36. t chy hon ton hp cht A (cha cc nguyn t C, H, O, N) thu c hn hp B gm
2
CO ,hi
nc,v
2
N c t khi so vi
2
H l 13,75.Cho B qua bnh I ng
2 5
PO d v bnh II ng KOH rn d th thy t
l tng khi lng ca bnh II so vi bnh I l 1,3968. S mol
2
O cn dng bng mt na tng s mol
2
CO v
2
H O.Bit
A anilin
M M < . Tmphn t ca A.
Hng dn.
Khi dn vo cc bnh ng
2 5
PO v KOH ta tnh ra.
2
2
1,3968.18 4
44 7
CO
H O
n
n
= = > T l
2
7
C
H
n
n
=

Ta c
4.44 7.18 28
13,75.2 1
4 7
x
x
x
+ +
= > =
+ +

Hay t l. : : 2:7:1
C H N
n n n =
S mol
2
O phn ng bng mt na
2
CO v
2
H O bng
4 7
5,5
2
+
=
5,5.2 4.2 7 4 y y + = + > = (nh lut bo ton O)
Suy ra t l. : : : 2:7: 2:1 C H O N =
D nhin l
2 7 2
C H O N
Cu 37. Kh 6,4g CuO bng Hidro nhit cao. Hn hp hidro v nc c cho qua axit sunfuric long th
khi lng tng 0.9g tnh phn trm CuO b kh v th tch kh hidro (kc) dng bit hiu sut phn ng l
80% .
Hng dn.
Ta d dng tnh ra. 0,05
O
n mol =
Ban u. 0,08
Cu
n mol =
Trc tin ta c nhn xt rng 80 H = % n ph thuc vo t l mol cc cht phn ng theo l thuyt.
Nguyn nhn sinh ra hiu sut nh cc bn ni l do
2
H khng ph ht b mt ca CuOTa khng xt g n H v
s mol CuO bng bng s mol nc to ra v l. 0,05 n mol =
Nh vy B kh l 62,5%
Ta thy s CuO b kh nh hn Hiu sut phn ng.
Tc l trn l thuyt th
2
CuO H
n n >
Nh vy hiu sut tnh theo
2
H
0,05
22,4. 1,4( )
0,8
V l = =
Cu 38. Cho hh A gm 0,15 mol Mg v 0,35 mol Fe phn ng vi ( ) V l l dung dch
3
HNO 1M thu c dung
dch B v hn hp C gm 0,05(mol)
2
N O ; 0,1 mol NO v cn li 2,8 g kim loi. Tnh V.
Hng dn.
0.3
pu
Fe
n mol = , 0.15
Mg
n mol =
e
n nhng nhn 0,3.2 0,15.2 0,9mol = + =
4 3
0,9 0,05.8 0,1.3
0,025
8
NH NO
n mol

= =
3
0,9 0,025.2 0,05.2 0,1 1,15
HNO
n mol > = + + + =
3
1,15
HNO
V l > =

http://boxmath.vn
Trang 92
Cu 39. 1 bnh phn ng dung tch khng i gm hn hp kh X gm
2
N v
2
H v 1 t cht xc tc
0
0 C v
p sut Px =1atm. Nung nng bnh trong 1 thi gian xy ra phn ng tng hp
3
NH . Sau a bnh v
0
0 C ta
c hn hp Y . T khi hi ca Y so vi X l
/ y x
d v p sut hn hp Y.
La chn cu ng.
A. 0,5 ; 2
y y
x
P atm d = = B. 1 ; 1
y y
x
P atm d < >
C. 1 ; 1
y y
x
P atm d > < D. 1 ; 1
y y
x
P atm d < =
Hng dn.
Phn ng
2 2 3
3 2 N H NH + >
x------3x---------2x
(a-x)----(b-3x)-----2x
2
sau
n a b x = +
c.
2 2 2
1 1
1
p a b x a b x x
p
a b a b a b
+ +
= = = <
+ + +

Khi lng khng i, t l khi lng mol t l nghch vi s mol.
1 2
2 1
2
1 1
d d a b x
B
d a b d
+
= < >
+

Cu 40. 95
o
C c 1877g dd
4
CuSO bo ha. Lmlnh dd xung 25
o
C th c bao nhiu gamtinh th
4 2
.5 CuSO H O kt tinh? Bit rng tan ca
4
CuSO 95
o
C l 87,7g, cn 25
o
C l 40g
Hng dn.
Xt
0
95 C . tan
4
. CuSO l 87,7g 100 87,7 187,6
dd n ct
m m m g g g = + = + =
Trong 187,7g dung dch
4
CuSO bo ha c
4
87,7gCuSO v 100g nc
Vy trong 1877g dung dch
4
CuSO bo ha c ( )
4
x g CuSO v yg nc

4
877( ) x g CuSO = v
2
1000( ) y g H O =
Gi n l s mol
4 2
.5 CuSO H O tch ra khi lmlnh dung dch t
0
95 C xung
0
25 C . Nh vy dung dch ban u s
mt i 160n gam
4
CuSO v 90n gam nc.
Xt
0
25 C . tan
4
CuSO l 40g, c ngha l c 100g nc ha tan
4
40( ) g CuSO
(1000 90n)g nc ha tan (877 160n)g
4
CuSO
4 2
3,874( ) .5 n mol CuSO H O =
Vy khi lng tinh th
4 2
.5 CuSO H O tch ra l. 3,847.250 961,75( ) g =









http://boxmath.vn
Trang 93

Xu hng tmra nhng dng bi tp mi lun l iu hp dn.
Trong ho hc hu nh cha thy bi tp no ng dng cc kin thc v o hm, bt ng thc, tam thc bc 2,....
Boxmath lp ra topic ny a ra mt dng ton ho mi l ng dng cc kin thc trn vo gii ton.
CC THNH VIN CA BOXMATH XIN GII THIU MT S BI TP HA HC DNG NY.
Cu 1. Hn hp A gm MO v
2 3
R O c t l khi lng tng ng l 1 :16. Hn hp 34g A c s mol l 0,25. Hn
hp B gm kim loi M v R c t l mol tng ng l 1 :2 ( c khi lng khng qu 13,6g) tc dng vi HCl d thu
c 6,72 (l) kh (ktc). TmA.

Li gii:
Ta c trong 34g A th khi lng ca MO l 2g cn ca
2 3
R O l 32g
Ta c:

2 32
0,25
16 2 48 M R
= +
+ +

1 16
0,125
16 2 48 M R
= +
+ +
(1).

Hn hp B.
Ta d dng ra 0,1
M
n mol = v 0,2
R
n mol =
Ta c : 0,1 0,2 13,6 2 136 M R M R + s + s

S dng Swaxo cho (1).
2
1 16 (1 4) 25
0,125
16 2 48 2 64 136 64 M R M R
+
+ > > =
+ + + + +


Du " " = xy ra khi:
1 4
16 2 48 M R
=
+ +
v 2 136 M R + =

Gii h trn ta c: 24 M = v 56 R =
A gm
2 3
\ Fe MgO v O

Cu 2. Hn hp X gm 2 este n chc l ng ng k tip c t l khi lng tng tng ng l
0,7396 : 1 v hiu s mol ca chng l cc i. X phng ho hon ton 86,96g X bng dung dch KOH d thu c
mt mui duy nht (khng c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng Ag) c khi lng m
1
(g) v 2 ru n chc. Ly
ton b ru qua CuO nung nng ri dn sn phm qua dd Br
2
d th thy c a(mol) Br
2
phn ng. Gi tr ca m
1
v
a l bao nhiu?
Li gii:
Gi x l khi lng mol ca este nh.
Ta c: hiu s mol:
0,7396 1
( )
14
f x
x x
=
+

Ta c:
2 2
0,7396 1
'( )
( 14)
f x
x x
= +
+

'( ) 0 86 f x x = =
Lp bng bin thin, hiu s mol max khi x=86 : este
4 6 2
C H O : xmol v este
5 10 2
C H O : ymol
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 94
khi lng mi cht: l 36,96g v 50g
S mol x=0,43mol v y=0,5mol.
CTCT:
2 3
CH CH COOCH = v
2 2 5
CH CH COOC H =
Mui: ( )
2 1
:( ) 87,42 87,42 CH CH COONa x y mol m g m g = + > = =
Khi cho qua CuO: HCHO: xmol v
3
: CH CHO ymol
Phn ng vi
2
Br th s mol brom p l: ( ) 2 1,36 1,36 x y mol a mol + = =

Cu 3: Cho hn hp A gm hai kimloi Fe v Mg , trong s mol Mg khng vt qu mt na s mol Fe.Chia hn
hp thnh hai phn bng nhau:
Phn 1: Tc dng vi dung dch HCl d c
1
V lt
2
H (KTC)
Phn 2: Tc dng vi dung dch
2 4
H SO c nng d thu c
2
V lt
2
SO (KTC)
Xc nh phn trm v khi lng cc kim loi trong hn hp A sao cho t s
1
2
V
V
t gi tr ln nht.
Li gii:
Gi , ( ) x y mol ln lt l s mol ca Fe v Mg trong mi phn
Theo :
2
x
y s
1
22,4( ) V x y = +
2
11,2(3 2 ) V x y = +


1
2
2( )
(3 2 )
V x y
V x y
+
=
+


Theo
1
2
V
V
t max nn
2( )
(3 2 )
x y
x y
+
+
t max nn
(3 2 )
2( )
x y
x y
+
+
t min.

Ta c:
(3 2 )
1
2( ) 2( )
x y x
x y x y
+
= +
+ +

Mt khc:
3
2( ) 3
2 2
x x
y x y x y x s > + s > + s
Do
(3 2 ) 4
1
2( ) 3 3
x y x
x y x
+
> + =
+

Du bng xy ra khi
2
x
y =
Gi s 2 1 x y = > =

%
24.100%
17,45%
56.2 24
Mg = =
+

( ) ( ) % 17,45% \ % 82,55% Mg v Fe = =

Cu 4. Hn hp A gm 2 este c t l khi lng 1:1 v tng s mol ca chng l cc i. Cho 51,6 g hn hp A tc
dng vi KOH d thu c 1 ancol B v hn hp mui C ( bit trong C cc cht u lmmt mu
2
Br ). Nung C vi
KOH trong CaO d thu c hn hp kh D(phn ng xy ra hon ton). Dn D vo mt bnh kn dung tch 10(l) vi
xc tc thch hp, sau mt thi gian thy p sut trong bnh l 1,6072( ) p atm = v nhit trong bnh l
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 95
127
o
t C = . Hiu sut phn ng trong bnh l bao nhiu?
Li gii:
Gi x l KLPT ca este nh hn v a l chnh lch khi lng mol.
Ta c:
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
1 1 1
0
1
' f x f x
x x a x
x a
= + = <
+
+

Suy ra s mol cc i khi x v a nh nht.
( )
( )
3
2 3
60
26
x HCOOCH
a CH CHCOOCH
=

= =

(V c 2 mui u mt mu brom).
Nung mui th:

2
2 4
0,43
0,3
H
C H
n mol
n mol
=

.
Phn ng:

2 4 2 2 6
C H H C H +
(0,43-x)----- (0,3-x) ------ x
Ta c: 0,73 0,49 0,24 x x mol = > =
80% H =

Cu 5: Cho cc hidrocacbon sau :
3 4 4 6 5 8 6 10
; ; ; . C H C H C H C H Hi c th chn ra bao nhiu b su cht tho mn
cng thuc mt dy ng ng??
Li gii:
Thng k cng thc cu to:
1. Ankin:

3 4
C H : 1

4 6
C H : 2

5 8
C H : 3

6 10
C H :7
2. Ankadien:
3 4
C H : 1

4 6
C H : 2

5 8
C H : 6

6 10
C H : 13
3. Cycloanken

3 4
C H : 1

4 6
C H : 3

5 8
C H : 7

6 10
C H :13
4. icycloankan
3 4
C H : 0
4 6
C H : 1
5 8
C H : 4
6 10
C H :16
Yu cu bi ton:
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 96

6 6 6 6
13 22 24 21
265189 n C C C C = + + + =

Cu 6: Cho hn hp mt ankan v mt anken trong s nguyn t C ca hai cht ny lun bng nhau.T s
2
2
H O
CO
n
n

bin i nh th no?
Li gii:
CT:
2 2
;
n n
C H xmol
+
v
2
;
n n
C H ymol
ta c:
2
2
( 1) 1 1 1
1 1 .
1
H O
CO
n
x n ny
A
yn y
n nx ny n
n
x x
+ +
= = = + = +
+
+ +

t 0
y
t
x
= >
Xt ln lt cc hms:
1
( ) f n
n
= v
1
( )
1
g t
t
=
+

Nhn thy c 2 hm ny u nghch bin.
Suy ra.
3
1
2
A < <
Cu 7: Hn hp A gm 2 oxit ca 2 kim loi M v N (u ho tr II) c t l mol tng ng l 1:2. Hn hp 9,6g A c
s mol khng qu 0,16 mol. Gi s c mt kim loi R (R=M.N, R ho tr II). Hn hp B gm RO, MO, NO c t l
mol tng ng l 1:15:14, ho tan hon ton B cn 300ml dung dch HCl 1M ( bit B c khi lng khng qu
33,12g).
a. Tm2 kimloi M v N.
b. C mt vin bi trn c ch to t 2 kilm loi M v N ( mt na vin bi l M v na kia l N). Gi s M c
tc phn ng gp 3 ln N. Cho vin bi vo dung dch
2 4
H SO c nng cho n khi th tch vin bi ch cn li
mt na th thy thot ra 8,96 (l) kh (ktc). (Bit khi lng ring ca N gp 5,134 ln M). Tmkhi lng vin bi
ban u v khi th tch cn mt na.
Li gii
a. Trong A.
Theo bi:
3,2 6,4 1 1
0,16 0,05
16 16 16
8
2
N
M N M
+ s + s
+ + +
+

Trong B. D dng tnh ra s mol mi cht : 0,01 , 0,15 , 0,14
RO MO NO
n mol n mol n mol = = =
Ta c: ( ) ( ) ( ) 0,01 16 0,15 16 0,14 16 33,12 MN M N + + + + + s
15 14 2832 MN M N + + s
( )( ) 15 14 3042 N N + + s
( )
( ) 14
15 1521
2
N
N
+
+ s
t
14
15, 1521
2
N
a M b ab
+
= + = s
Khi xt
1 1 1 1 2
0,05
14
15 1 1 1 1
1
2
P
N
N a b ab
= + = + > >
+
+ + + + +
+

Mt khc 0,05 P s
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 97
Du = xy ra tmra:
( )
( )
24
64
M Mg
N Cu
=

b. t ( ) ( ) ;
Mg Cu
n x mol n y mol = =
Ta c:
1 2
24 64 x y
d d
= trong :
1 2 2 1
; ; 5,135
Mg Cu
d D d D d d = = =
Suy ra: 0,52y =
Phn ng: ( ) ( ) 3 ;
Mg Cu
n b mol n b mol = = .
Khi th tch cn mt na th:
( )
( )
64
24 0,52 3
Cu
Mg
m y b g
m y b g
=

( ) ( )
2 1 2
64 24 0,52 3
64
b x b x
y
d d d

+ =
( )
2 1
24 0,52 3
64
6,24 0,352
y b
b
y b x b
d d

= = =
Ta c: 4 0,4 0,1 b b = = Vy:
0,352
0,6768
x
y
=

51,76 , 38,16
o
m g m g = = .

Cu 8: Cho 39,34 gamhh F gm
3 4
Fe O v kimloi M vo dung dch
3
HNO un nng thu c ,khuy u hh
phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 4,48 lt
2
NO sn phm kh duy nht ( ktc),dung dch G v 3,84 kimloi
M.Cho 3,84 gamkimloi M vo 200 ml dung dch
2 4
H SO 0,5M v
3
KNO 0,5M khuy u thi thu c dd H ,kh
NO duy nht.Cho dung dch
3
NH d vo dd G thu c thu c kt ta K. Nung trong khng kh n khi ln
khng i thu c 24 gam cht rn R
a, TmM(M c ha tr khng i trong cc phn ng tn)
b,C cn cn thn dd H thu c bao nhiu gammui khan
Li gii:
a. Phn ng.
3
3 2 3
3 3 ( ) 3 4 Fe NH H O Fe OH NH
+
+ + + +

2 3
\ R l Fe O c n =0,15 mol

Theo tbt nguyn t:
Ta c
3 4
Fe O
n =0,1 mol

39,8 233.0,1 3,84 12,8
P
mM U g = =
Do c kl d sau phn ng nn ta chia lm 2 trng hp:
TH
1
: kimloi M khng tc dng vi
3
Fe +
PTP :
8
3
3 3 3 1 Fe Fe e
+
+
+
0,3------------------0,1

n
M M ne
+
+

12,8 12,8n
M M


5 4
1 N e N
+ +
+ >
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 98
0,2---0,2-(mol)
*************Loi*********

TH
2
: Kimli M tc dng vi
3
Fe +

8
2
3
3 2 3 Fe e Fe
+
+
+

n
M M ne
+
+

5 4
1 N e N
+ +
+

Cng nh TH1 theo L BT e
12,8
0,4 32
n
M n
M
= =

2, 64( ) n M Cu = = tha mn

b.
2
3 2
3 8 2 3 2 4 Cu H NO Cu NO H O
+ +
+ + + +
t s mol ln pt
, 3 H du NO du
+

Ta c:
:0,04 H mol
+
;
3
: 0,06 NO mol

;
2
:0,06 Cu mol
+
;
2
4 :0,1 SO mol

; :0,1 K mol
+

0,06.64 (0,1 0,02).96 39.0,1 0,06.62 19,14
C
m R g = + + + =

Cu 9: A l hn hp gm 2 este n chc ( )
1 2 1 2
, , X X X X < l ng ng ca nhau c t l mol tng ng l 1:2.
Hn hp 28,6g A c s mol cc i. (C
1 2
, X X u lmmt mu nc brom). Nu ly mt cht
3
X l ng phn
ca
1
X ( c khi lng bng khi lng ca
1
X trong A) em tc dng vi ( )
3 2
[ ( ) ] Ag NH OH th lng kt ta
ln nht c th to ra l bo nhiu?
Li gii:
S mol ca hn hp:
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 1
m m m m
n
X X X X a
= + = +
+
vi
1 2
, , m m a l cc hng s.
D thy hms trn nghch bin do ta tmc
( )
1 2
2 3
: :0,1
:
X HCOOCH CH mol
X HCOOCH CH CH
=

Cht
3
X m to kt ta
ln nht l
2
4 HOC CH CHO Ag
( ) 0,4.108 43,2 m g = = .

Cu 11: X,Y,Z l 3 nguyn t ho hc. Tng s ht mang in trong 3 phn t
2 2 2
, , X Y ZY X Z l 200. R l phn t
hp cht cha X,Y,Z gm 6 nguyn t c s ht mang in l:
A. 104 B. 52 C. 62 D. 124
Li gii:
Gi s proton ca X,Y,Z ln lt l x,y,z
Ta c :
2 2 2 200/ 2 100 x y z y x z + + + + + = =
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Trang 99
4 3 2 100 x y z + + =
50 (2 )
2. 100/ 3 33,3
3
x z
y
+
= < =
D thy: Y,Z khng th l kimloi.
Ta thy y chn.
Do Y c th l
2
:6
:8
:14( )
:1
loai v
6
C ZY
O
Si loai
S

Y l : 8 2 38 O y x z = + =
z chn, Z khng l kimloi, cho x chy t 1 16 trn table loi nhanh cc cp khng tha mn v chn c 1
cp duy nht.
11( ), 16( ) x Na z S = =
Y l : 16 2 26 S y x z = + =
Tng t nhng khng c cp tha mn.
Vy R l
2 3
Na SO : c s ht mang in l : 2.(11.2 16 8.3) D + + = .

Cu 12: Cho 8g hn hp hai ru n chc A v B ( )
A B
M M < ; phn ng hon ton vi CuO d; sau phn ng ta
thy khi lng cht rn gim i 3,2 gam.Cho dung dch sau phn ng tc dng vi
3 3
/ AgNO NH d; B l ru no
lng Ag thu c ln nht.
Li gii:
Gi , ( ) x y mol ln lt l mol ca A v B
c lng Ag l ln nht th A phi l
3
CH OH
(V nu A khng l
3
CH OH th lng Ag l c nh 0,2.2.108 43,2 = )
Ta c h phng trnh sau :
0,2
32 8
x y
x My
+ =

+ =

1,6
32
y
M
=

lng Ag max th mol
3
CH OH max y min
y min khi 32 M max khi M max, do vy khng tmra c M

Bi 13. Cho
1
V lt hn hp A gm
2
N v NO c s mol bng nhau,
2
V lt hn hp B gm hai hidrocacbon ng ng
lin tip. Bit
1 2
1 V V + = . Ly
1
V lt hn hp A v
2
0,4.V lt hn hp B t chy va th thu c hn hp sn
phm C gm kh v hi nc. Nu cho C i qua dung dch axit sunfuric c d th cn li 1 lt kh D. Nu cho D i
qua dung dch
2
( ) Ca OH d th tng th kh thot ra v th tch b hp th bi axit sunfuric l 1,2 lt. Xc nh cng
thc phn t ca hai hidrocacbon.
A.
4 2 6
CH v C H B.
2 6 3 8
C H v C H C.
2 4 3 6
C H v C H D.
3 6 4 8
C H v C H
Li gii.
Cch 1.
t CTPT ca hn hp HRCB l
x y
C H .
Ta c cc phng trnh phn ng:
2 2 2
4 (4 ) 4 2
x y
C H x y O xCO yH O + + +
2 2 2
0,4 0,4 . 0,2 V xV yV
2 2
2 2 NO O NO +
T gi thit ta c
1 2
1 V V + = (1)
http://boxmath.vn
Trang 100
Kh b
2 4
H SO hp th l
2
H O kh cn li l
2 2 2
, , N NO CO , T cc ptp ta c:
1 2
0,4 1 V xV + = (2)
Khi i qua
2
( ) Ca OH d th ch cn
2
N khng b hp th, ta c:
2 2
1 2
0,5 0,2 1,2
N H O
n n V yV + = + = (3)
T (1,2) 0,4 1 2,5 x x = = (loi p n A, D)
Ly (3) - (2) ta c:
2 1
0,2. .( 2 ) 0,5 0,2 0 2 V y x V y x B = + > >
Cch 2. Gi s c y mol
2
N v y mol NO trong
1
V lt A; z mol
2 2 2 n n k
C H
+
(k nguyn dng, 0 n > )
Khng mt tnh tng qut, gi s 2 1 y z + =
Phn ng t chy to ra y mol
2
N v y mol
2
NO cng 0,4nz mol
2
CO v 0,4( 1 ) n k z + mol
2
H O
Suy ra
0,4 2
1:1
2
nz y
y z
+
=
+
, Suy ra 2,5, n =
Ta li c
2
NO v
2
CO b hp th bi
2
( ) Ca OH nn
0,4,2,5, 0,4 0,4
1,2 1,4 0,4 2,4 1,2 1,4 ( 0,2 0,4 ) 0
2
0,4 0,2 0 0,5 0
y z z kz
y z kz y z y z k
y z
k k k B
+ +
= + = + + + =
+
< < =

Cu 14: Hn hp A gm 12g (g) 2 oxi kim loi MO v
3 2
R O c t l khi lng tng ng l 1:2.
B l a (g) oxit kimloi N c khi lng mol
3 6
22
M R
N
+
= , v N c ho tr II.
Trn u A vi B vi nhau thu c hn hp C c s mol khng qu 0,625 (mol). Mt hn hp Z khc gm R v MO
c t l mol l 54:31 tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch
2 4
H SO 8,5M v hn hp ny c khi lng khng qu
55,04 (g). Bit R c s oxi ho l 2 + khi phn ng vi acid v 5 a > .
a Xc nh kim loi M, R v N.
b. Ngi ta ch to mt loi hp kim t 3 kim loi . Ngi ta ly mt mu 42,4 (g) hp kim ho tan vo HCl
d thu c 15,68 (l) kh (ktc). Cng lng hp kim trn cho vo
3
HNO d th thu c 7,84 (l) kh khng mu ho
nu trong khng kh c khi lng 12,6 (g). C cn dung dch thu c 182,8 (g) mui. Xc nh thnh phn cc kim
loi trong hp kim.
Li gii:
a) T d kin Z tc dng vi
2 4
H SO ta d dng thu c phng trnh:
54 31 5008 R M + s
T
3 6
22
M R
N
+
=
54 27
22 3 6
9
R M
N M R
+
= + = s
54 31
9
R M +
556 s
N 25,27 s
V N l kimloi ha tr II nn N l Mg =24,
3M +6R =22,24 =528 M +2R=176
T 54 31 27( 2 ) 4 5008 64 56 R M M R M M R + = + + s s >
Mt khc, khi lng trung bnh ca M, R s
5008
58,91
54 31
=
+

T d dng suy ra M =64, R =56 tha mn.
Nu N l Be, trng hp ny khng tha.
b) Gi x, y, z ln lt l s mol ca Mg, Fe, Cu trong hp kim, Ta c
Khi lng hp kim 24 56 64 42,4 m x y z = + + = gam(1)
2
0,7
H
n x y mol = + = ,(2)
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Trang 101
- Khi phn ng vi
3
HNO thu c kh khng mu, ha nu trong khng kh c
12,6,22,4
36
7,84
M = = nn kh thu
c l NO v
2
. N O , D dng tnh c 0,2( )
NO
n mol = ;
2
0,15( )
N O
n mol =
Gi t l s mol mui
4 3
NH NO (nu k c mui amoni th t =0 mol), ta c:
S e trao i = 2x + 3y + 2z = 0,2,3 + 0,15,8 + 8t = 1,8 + 8t (3)
Khi lng mui thu c = 42,4 + 62,(1,8 + 8t) + 80t = 182,8 (4)
Gii h (1,2,3,4) ta c: x = 0,3 mol; y = 0,4 mol; z = 0,2 mol %
* The End
Good luck to you!!