23/07/2013

Cc phng php ch to vt liu nano

Cc phng php ch to vt liu nano

Th su, 31 Thng 5 2013 09:45 Vit bi Ha Hc Ngy Nay Tags: cng ngh nano nanotechnology phng php sol-gel tng hp thy nhit vt liu nano Vt liu nano lai c kim khng ch i din cho s thay th y sng to trong thit k vt liu v cc hp cht mi trong nghin cu hn lm m cn cho php trin khai mt cu c cch mng ng dng cng nghip. Ngy nay, hu ht cc vt liu lai ang c mt trong th trng l c tng hp v x l da trn k thut ca ha hc trong thp nin 80 ca th k 20. Cc qu trnh bao gm : a) ng trng hp cc silan hu c, i phn t monomer, alkoxide kim loi b) o bc cc cht hu c bng cc silica hoc alkoxie kim loi c xut x t qu trnh sol-gel c) Chc ho hu c ln n nano, nano clay, hoc cc hp cht c cu trc tm

Nhng th h mi cc vt liu nano ny pht trin lin tc thng qua cc nghin cu hn lm v ang l nhng qu ngt cho cc ng dng y li nhun trong cc lnh vc quang hc, in t, truyn dn ion th rn, c kh, nng lng, mi trng, sinh hc, y hc. Cc ng dng c th c th thy nh mng lc, thit b tch, mng ph thng minh, pin nhin liu, t bo mt tri, cht xc tc, cm bin,v.v Cc chin lc chung trong ch to cc vt liu nano mang chc. C ba hng chnh A, B, C c lp trong chng loi, ng dng , bn cht giao din gia cc phn hu c-v c, c ch tng hp ha hc c dng trong ch to vt liu nano. (hnh 1) Hng A lin quan n ha hc sol-gel, s dng cc tc cht a chc v to cu ni, tng hp s dng cc iu kin thy nhit. A1: Tng hp sol-gel. Thng qua cc c ch tng hp sol-gel kinh in, chng ta c mng vt liu lai v nh hnh. mng ny hnh thnh t qu trnh thy phn cc alkoxide kim loi c bin tnh phn hu c hoc cc alide kim loi, v alide kim loi c ngng t vi alkoxide kim loi. Dung mi c th cha cc phn t hu c, phn t sinh hc hoc polymer a chc m n c th to ni
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23/07/2013

Cc phng php ch to vt liu nano

ngang hoc tng tc vi hoc b gi li bn trong phn v c ca vt liu nano lai nh cc tng tc ( lin kt hydro, tng tc p-p, lc Val der Waals). Hng ny n gin, r, v to ra vt liu nano lai v nh hnh. Cc vt liu ny cho cu trc micro khng xc nh, trong sut v d nh hnh dng mng hay khi. Chng c kch thc a phn tn v khng ng nht trong thnh phn ha hc. Tuy nhin vt liu tng hp t hng ny r, a dng, c nhiu tnh cht c l ng quan tm v ang c ng dng thng mi trong dng mng hay khi monolith. Hin ti, vic kim sot cu trc cc b hoc bn cc b cng nh mc t chc ca vt liu loi ny l cc vn quan trng trong vic to ra nhng tch cht nh . A2: S dng tc cht to cu ni. Cc cht to cu ni nh silsesquioxane X3SiR9SiX3 vi R9 l cht bt cu gc hu c , X l cc gc Cl, Br , OR. S dng nhng cht ny cho php ch to cc vt liu lai c kim vi ng nht mc phn t v c t chc cc b tt hn. S kt hp cc thnh phn cu ni gc hu c ca cc nhm alkyl, vng thm, v ure gip qu trnh t kt ni tt hn nh kh nng to mng lin kt hydro mnh v sp xp hiu qu qua cc tng tc p-p ca cc na phn on hu c. A3: Tng hp thy nhit Phng php tng hp thy nhit trong dung mi phn cc (nc , formamide,v.v) vi s c mt cc phn t khun gc hu c cho ra cc sn phm zeolite. Cc sn phm ny c din tch b mt rt cao. Mt s vt liu zeolite lai mang tnh t hoc in. Sn phm c cu trc khung c-kim (metal organic framwork- MOF) i t phng php ny hin ang l ng c vin cho cc ng dng xc tc v hp ph kh. Hng B lin quan n ha hc kt ni (hng B1) , hoc s phn tn (hng B2) cc khi nano c hnh thnh sn (well-defined nanobuilding block- NBB). Cc khi nano hnh thnh sn l cc phn t c hiu chnh cu trc v sn sng tch hp vo vt liu nn. Nhng NBB c th l cc chm hay b phn t, ht nano c gn trc hay c nh cc nhm chc hu c ( oxyt kim loi, kim loi,oxyt cc nguyn t nhm VI, cc hp cht dng nano v-li hoc nano lp (t st, cc hydroxyt lng lp, cc phospate dng lp, oxide cc nguyn t nhm VI). Nhng NBB ny c kh nng chn tch vo cc thnh phn hu c. Bn cnh , chng c th c bc cc ligand hoc kt ni vi cc cht bt cu gc hu c, chng hn cc phn t telechelic hoc polymer hoc dendrimer chc ha. S dng nhng nhm cht nh sn cu trc ny cho u im: - Chng kh tr vi s thy phn hoc s tn cng ca cc phn t i nhn. - Cc NBB c kch thc nano, a phn tn, v vi cu trc nh sn r s to dng tt cc tnh cht ca vt liu cui cng. S a dng cc NBB v bn cht, cu trc, v chc v cc lin kt cho php to nn cc kin trc giao din c-kim khc nhau tng ng n cc kiu t hp khc nhau. Ngoi ra, tng hp theo tng bc cho php kim sot tt cc cu trc trung gian trong qu trnh. Nhm vt liu i t s dng NBB quan trng l vt liu dng t st nano. Chng c thng mi ha t nhng kt qu chn tch, trng n v ly tn cc t st nano. Hng C T t hp -lp ghp. C1: T chc , to dng mng lai c-kim bng cc cht hot ng b mt hu c Trong mi nm qua, hng tng hp mi ny c kho st v nghin cu k v em li s thnh cng trong pht trin vt liu lai. S thnh cng ny lin quan n kh nng kim sot v tinh chnh cc giao din c-kim. Trong lnh vc ny, cc pha c-kim c quan tm ti v s a dng ca chng trong vic xy dng nn mt phm vi rng cc loi nanocomposite. Nanocomposite t lnh vc ny c th l loi phn tn trt t cao cc khi v c vo nn hu c hay l loi vt liu nanocomposite c s dung np c kim sot cao mc nano cc polymer hu c vo trong nn v c. Mt trong s chng l vt liu i t tng hp mng lai c cu trc meso. Hng C2 s dng tc cht silsesquioxane c to cu ni to vt liu lai xp meso c khung ghp. Bc tip cn ny to ra h vt liu mi cc silica lai c t chc meso xp mang nhm chc hu c bn trong v silica. Vt liu nano xp ny c trt t cao v xp meso cho php thc hin cc phn ng gn chc hu c ln b mt tip theo. Hng C3 lin quan n s kt hp qu trnh t t hp-gn kt v cch xy dng cc khi nano NBB. Hng ny cho php chng ta c th kim sot tt cc bc t hp -gn kt. Chng ht sc quan trng trong vic kho st nn tng tng hp vt liu bng s xy dng kt cu. Hng ny cho thy s a dng cc giao din trong cu trc gia cc phn v c v hu c ( ni ng ha tr, phc, tng tc tnh in, v.v). Cc khi NBB cng to ra ngnh ha hc chuyn v lp ghp phn t thng qua cc qua trnh nhn dng mc phn t. Phng php Aerosol Phng php Aerosol c s dng ph bin tng hp hng lot vt liu nh Kim loi, oxit kim loi, non-oxide ceramic, vt liu bn dn, vt liu siu dn v c bit l vt liu nano. Aerosol c th dng iu ch vt liu vi tinh khit cao cng vi iu khin c s kt tinh cng nh kch thc ht vt liu. Phng php tng hp Aerosol c th chia thnh 2 cch: -S to ht vt liu t pha kh ( gas-to-particle) -S to ht vt liu t git nh ( droplet-to-particle) 1) S to ht vt liu t pha kh (PP chnh ca Aerosol) Cc ht vt liu c sinh ra t trng thi hi qu bo ha ca cc "condensable species" trong mi trng kh mang (kh mang ny thng l cc kh tr nh N2, Ar...). Hi qu bo ha ny c to ra bi hoc phn ng ha hc, hoc qu trnh Vt
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23/07/2013

Cc phng php ch to vt liu nano

l, v nh qu trnh lm lnh gim p sut hi bo ha ca "condensable species". Ti trng thi qu bo ha cao, cc ht vt liu c sinh ra bi qu trnh "nucleation", cng vi qu trnh pht trin ht vt liu thng qua: condensation, coagulation v agglomeration. Thng thng, S to ht vt liu t pha kh thng sinh ra cc ht vt liu vi s phn b kch thc ht vt liu phm vi hp, cc ht vt liu to ra y l dng rn v c hnh cu. S to ht vt liu t pha kh c s dng iu ch cc kim loi( Ag, Au, Cu va Mo), cc oxide va non-oxide ceramic (Al2O3, TiO2, SiO2, MgO, AlN, BC, v vt liu bn dn (GaAs, ZnS. Hn na, cc vt liu cu trc nano cng d dng c iu ch theo phng php ny, kch thc cc ht c th dao ng t vi nano ti vi micro. Trn qui m cng nghip TiO2, fumed SiO2, carbon black c iu ch theo phng php ny. u im: So vi phng php Sol-gel. Sn phm to ra dng kh c sinh ra trc tip gim bt c cc khu lc, ra, sy v nung... iu ny rt ph hp cho cc ng dng ceramic hay composite i hi nguyn liu u dng kh. 2) S to ht vt liu t git nh Hoahocngaynay.com Ngun cyberchemvn.com

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Tin lin quan: 24/05/2013 10:52 - Quan st tinh th trong sut phm vi nano 25/04/2013 09:10 - ng dng cng ngh nano trong chn nui 20/04/2013 20:46 - Xp nano c s dng ht cc cht c trong mu 12/03/2013 22:48 - ng dng ca cng ngh nano bc trong lc nc 25/02/2013 14:13 - Quan st tinh th trong sut phm vi nano Tin c hn: 09/03/2013 23:49 - Sn nano chng thm mi loi cht lng. 12/09/2012 17:09 - Ht nano vng dng tri kh 04/09/2012 22:19 - Graphyne c tt hn graphene? 04/09/2012 22:08 - Hp kim kt tinh nano c th chu nhit cao 06/06/2012 09:14 - Vt liu nano gip chn on bnh sm Trang k >>

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