1

Hng dn gii thi th ln 1: s 1D - 2014

------
Cu 1: Mt kim loi M c s khi bng 54, tng s ht gm (p, n, e) trong M
2+
l 78. M l nguyn t no:
A.
54
24
Cr B.
54
25
Mn C.
54
26
Fe D.
54
27
Co
Gii: Chn C
54
26
54 26
e
2Z 2 78 28
A Z N Z
F
N N
= + = =


+ = =



Cu 2: Cho H c 2 ng v
1
1
H v
2
1
H v oxi c 3 ng v
16
8
O,
17
8
O v
18
8
O. Hi c th to nn bao nhiu
phn t nc t 2 nguyn t c cc ng v trn
A. 8 B. 9 C. 12 D. Kt qu khc
Gii: Chn B
H
2
O
16
8
O
1 1
1 2 3 3 9
1 3

=
`

)


Cu 3: Cho cc cht FeS, Cu
2
S, FeSO
4
, H
2
S, Ag, Fe, KMnO
4
, Na
2
SO
3
, Fe(OH)
2
. S cht c th phn ng
vi H
2
SO
4
c nng to ra SO
2
l:
A. 9 B. 8 C. 6 D. 7
Gii: Chn B
2FeS + 10H
2
SO
4

o
t
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 9SO
2
+ 10H
2
O
Cu
2
S + 6H
2
SO
4

o
t
2CuSO
4
+ 5SO
2
+ 6H
2
O
2FeSO
4
+ 2H
2
SO
4

o
t
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
H
2
S + 3H
2
SO
4

o
t
4SO
2
+ 4H
2
O
2Ag + 2H
2
SO
4

o
t
Ag
2
SO
4
+ SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
2Fe + 6H
2
SO
4

o
t
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3SO
2
+ 6H
2
O
Na
2
SO
3
+ H
2
SO
4

o
t
Na
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O + SO
2
(phn ng trao i)
2Fe(OH)
2
+ 4H
2
SO
4

o
t
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ SO
2
+ 6H
2
O

Cu 4: Cho V lt NO
2
(ktc) hp th vo mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sau c cn th thu c
15,4 gam cht rn khan cha hn hp 2 mui. Nung cht rn ny ti khi cn mt mui duy nht cn li
13,8 gam. Hy chn th tch ng ca V.
A. 1,12 lt B. 2,24 lt C. 4,48 lt D.5,60 lt
Gii: Chn C
NO
2
2 2
3
2 O
2
O
O 0, 2
O
o
NaOH t
NO NaN
NaN
NaN n n
NaN

= =

mol
V = 0,2. 22,4 = 4,48lt

Cu 5: Tnh th tch dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,025M cn cho vo 100 ml dung dch gm HNO
3
v HCl c
pH = 1 dung dch thu c c pH = 2.

2
A. 0,456 lt B. 0,15 lt C. 0,125 lt D. 0,312 lt
Gii: Chn B
2
sau
0, 05
0, 01 0, 05
2 [ ] = 10 0,15
0, 01 0,1
OH
H
n V
V
pH H V
n V

+
+
=

= = =

= +

lt

Cu 6: C hin tng g khi cho Na
2
CO
3
vo dung dch CuSO
4
:
A. C kt ta xanh v c kh thot ra
B. C kt ta mu nu v c kh thot ra
C. C kt ta trng xanh ha nu trong khng kh
D. C kt ta xanh
Gii: Chn A
Na
2
CO
3
+ CuSO
4
+ H
2
O Cu(OH)
2
+ CO
2
+ Na
2
SO
4


Cu 7: Nung 3,2 gam hn hp gm CuO v Fe
2
O
3
vi cacbon trong iu kin c khng kh phn ng xy
ra hon ton 0,672 lt (ktc) hn hp gm CO v CO
2
c t khi so vi hiro l 19,33. Thnh phn % theo
khi lng ca CuO v Fe
2
O
3
trong hn hp u l:
A. 50% v 50% B. 66,66% v 33,34%
C. 40% v 60% D. 65% v 35%
Gii: Chn A

2 3 2
1
: :
3, 2 0, 03 a 0, 01; 0, 02 2
e O : :
a 0, 03
a
CuO x CO a
g C KL mol b b
F y CO b
b

=

+ + = =



+ =

BTNT O
3 0, 01 2.0, 02 x 0, 02
% 50%
80x 160 3, 2 0, 01
CuO
x y
m
y y
+ = + =
=

+ = =



Cu 8: Ha tan 11,2 gam Fe bng dung dch HNO
3
thu c kh NO duy nht, dung dch X v cn li
2,8 gam cht rn khng tan. Tnh khi lng mui trong dung dch X:
A. 40,5 gam B. 27 gam C 36,3 gam D. 54 gam
Gii: Chn B
n
Fep
=
11, 2 2,8
0,15
56

= V Fe d ch to ra Fe(NO
3
)
2
= n
Fe
= 0,15 m= 0,15.180 = 27 gam

Cu 9: in phn 250 gam dung dch CuSO
4
8% n khi nng CuSO
4
trong dung dch thu c gim
i v bng mt na so vi trc phn ng th dng li. Khi lng kim loi bm catot c gi tr no sau
y?
A. 4,08 gam B. 2,04 gam C. 4,58 gam D. 4,5 gam
Gii: Chn A
4
uS
0,125
C O
n mol = CuSO
4
+ H
2
O Cu + H
2
SO
4
+ 1/2 O
2

x x x/2
m
ddsau
= m
b
- m
Cu
-
2
| O
m = 250 - 64x - .32 250 80x
2
x
=
4
uSO cn
dds
. (0,125 ).160
% .100 .100 4 x 0, 06375 4, 08
250 80x
C
au
n M x
C m g
m

= = = =

3
Cu 10: Cho cc phn ng sau:
(I) Ca(OH)
2
+ CO
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O
(II) CaO + CO
2
CaCO
3

(III) CaCO
3
+ H
2
O + CO
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
,
(IV) Ca(HCO
3
)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O + CO
2

Trong cc phn ng trn, phn ng no dng gii thch s to thnh thch nh trong cc hang
ng vi?
A. (IV) B. (III) C. (II) D. (I)
Gii: Chn A

Cu 11: X l dung dch AlCl
3
, Y l dung dch NaOH 2M. Thm 240 ml dung dch Y vo cc cha 100ml
dung dch X, khuy u ti phn ng hon ton thy trong cc 6,24 gam kt ta. Thm tip vo cc
100 ml dung dch Y, khuy u ti kt thc cc phn ng thy trong cc c 4,68 gam kt ta. Nng mol
ca dung dch X bng
A. 1,85M B. 1,2M C 1,5M D. 1,6M
Gii: chn A
n
NaOH tng
= 0,08 Al
3+
+ 3OH
-
Al(OH)
3

n
Al(OH)3sau cng
= 0,06 0,06 0,180,06
Al
3+
+ 4OH
-
AlO
2
-
+ H
2
O
0,125 0,5
3
3
0, 06 0,125 0,185 1, 85
AlCl
M
Al
n C M
+
= + = =

Cu 12: t chy hon ton 1,8 gam cht hu c A ch cha C, H, O. Dn ton b sn phm chy qua
bnh cha dung dch Ba(OH)
2
thy khi lng tng 5,32 gam; v thu c 11,82 gam kt ta v dung
dch nc lc B, lc b kt ta cho tip dung dch NaOH vo dung dch B li thu c thm 1,97 gam
cht kt ta na. Xc ch cng thc phn t A.
A. C
2
H
6
O
2
B. C
3
H
8
O C. C
4
H
10
O
2
D. C
4
H
10
O
Gii: chn C
2 2
2
2 3 3
tan
1 2
5, 32
0,1 0, 2
2 0, 08
0, 64 0, 04
binh g CO H O
H O H
CO lan BaCO lan BaCO O A C H O
m m m
n n
n n n
m m m m m
+ +
= + = = =

= + =
= = =

C
x
H
y
O
z
x : y : z = 0,08 : 0,02 : 0,04 = 2 : 5 : 1

(C
2
H
5
O)
n
s dng 2 2 y x s + , y chn n = 2 C
4
H
10
O
2


Cu 13: t chy hon ton 0,15 mol 2 ankan c 9,45 gam H
2
O. Sc hn hp sn phm vo dung dch
Ca(OH)
2
d th khi lng kt ta thu c l:
A. 52,5 gam B. 37,5 gam C. 15 gam D. 42,5 gam
Gii: Chn B
n
ankan
=
2 2 2 3
0, 525 0,15 0, 375 37, 5
+
= = =
H O CO CO CaCO
n n n m gam

Cu 14: Khi un nng hn hp 2 ancol no, n chc A, B ng ng k tip vi H
2
SO
4
c nhit
thch hp c 2 cht hu c A
1
, B
1
c t khi hi so vi ancol ban u l = 0,6747. Thnh phn % khi
lng mi ancol trong hn hp l:
A. %m
A
= 27,71%; % m
B
= 72,29%
B. %m
A
= 63,33%; %m
B
= 36,67%
C. %m
A
= 50%; %m
B
= 50%

4
D. % m
A
= 40%; % m
B
= 60%
Gii: Chn A
Ancol tch H
2
O sn phn c M < M
ancol
chng t sn phm l anken.

2 1 2
14 8
0, 6747 2, 666
3 14 8
n n n n
n
C H OH C H n
n
+
= = ~
+


2 5
2 5
2 5
3 7
:
1 1.46
% .100 .100 27, 7
: 2 1.46 2.60
C H OH
C H OH
hh
m C H OH x
x
m
C H OH y y m

= = = =

Cu 15: Cho cc dung dch FeCl
3
(1); NaHSO
4
(2); NaHCO
3
(3); K
2
S (4); NH
4
Cl (5); AlCl
3
(6);
CH
3
COONa (7). Cc dung dch c pH < 7 l:
A. 1, 2, 5, 6 B. 3, 4, 7 C. 4, 5, 7 D. 2, 3, 5, 6
Gii: Chn A
(1) FeCl
3
(mui to bi baz yu v axit mnh thy phn cho mi trng axit)
(5) NH
4
Cl (mui to bi baz yu v axit mnh thy phn cho mi trng axit)
(6) AlCl
3
(mui to bi baz yu v axit mnh thy phn cho mi trng axit)
(2) NaHSO
4
Na
+
+ H
+
+ SO
4
2-


Cu 16: Criolit Na
3
AlF
6
c thm vo trong qu trnh in phn Al
2
O
3
sn xut Al nhm mc ch
chnh no sau y?
A. To thnh hn hp ni trn lp Al lng, thu c Al nguyn cht
B. Cho php in phn nhit thp hn
C. Tng tan Al
2
O
3

D. Tng dn nhit ring ca Al
2
O
3
Gii: Chn D

Cu 17: Cho hn hp X gm Mg, Al, Fe, Cu tc dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, ngui thu c cht rn
Y v dung dch Z. Nh t t dung dch NH
3
cho n d vo dung dch Z thu c kt ta v dung dch Z.
Dung dch Z cha nhng ion no sau y:
A. Cu
2+
, SO
4
2-
, NH
4
+
, SO
4
2-

B. Cu(NH
3
)
4
2+
, SO
4
2-
, NH
4
+
, OH
-
C. Mg
2+
, SO
4
2-
, NH
4
+
, OH
-

D. Al
3+
, Mg
2+
, SO
4
2-
, Fe
3+
, NH
4
+
, OH
-
Gii: Chn B

Cu 18: Cho hn hp Fe v Cu d vo dung dch HNO
3
thy thot kh NO. Mui thu c trong dung
dch l mui no sau y:
A. Fe(NO
3
)
3
B. Fe(NO
3
)
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2

C. Fe(NO
3
)
2
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
D. Cu(NO
3
)
2
Gii: Chn C
Cu d nn Fe
3+
khng tn ti

Cu 19: Dy cht c xp theo th t tng dn nhit si l:
A. CCl
4
, CHCl
3
, CH
3
Cl, CH
3
F, CH
4

B. CH
3
Cl, CHCl
3
, CCl
4
, CH
3
F, CH
4

C. CH
4
, CH
3
F, CH
3
Cl, CHCl
3
, CCl
4

D. CH
4
, CCl
4
, CHCl
3
, CH
3
Cl, CH
3
F
Gii: Chn C

5
Cu 20: Ha tan 17 gam hn hp NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)
2
vo nc c 500 gam dung dch X. trung
ha 50 gam dung dch cn dng 40 gam dung dch HCl 3,65%. C cn dung dch sau khi trung ha thu
c khi lng mui khan l:
A. 3,16 gam B. 2,44 gam C. 1,58 gam D. 1,22 gam
Gii: Chn B
n
HCl
= 0,04 mol
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H
2
O
KOH + HCl KCl + H
2
O
Ca(OH)
2
+ 2HCl CaCl
2
+ 2H
2
O
Theo pt ta thy:
2
O
0, 04( )
H HCl
n n mol = =
Theo LTBTKL: m
baz
+ m
HCl
= m
mui
+
2
O H
m
1,7 + 36,5.0,04 = m
mui
+ 18. 0,04
m
mui
= 2,44 gam

Cu 21: Nhit si ca cc cht c sp xp theo th t tng dn nh sau:
A. C
2
H
5
Cl < CH
3
-COOH < C
2
H
5
OH
B. C
2
H
5
Cl < CH
3
-COOCH
3
< C
2
H
5
OH < CH
3
COOH
C. CH
3
-OH < CH
3
-CH
2
-COOH < NH
3
< HCl
D. HCOOH < CH
3
OH < CH
3
COOH < C
2
H
5
F
Gii: Chn B
Th t nhit si: axit > ancol > este > dn xut halogen

Cu 22: Cho cc phn ng:
1) O
3
+ dd KI 2) F
2
+ H
2
O 3) MnO
2
+ HCl c
o
t

4) Cl
2

(kh)
+ H
2
S
(kh)
5) H
2
O
2
+ Ag
2
O 6) CuO + NH
3

o
t

7) KMnO
4

o
t
8) H
2
S + SO
2

o
t

S phn ng to ra n cht l:
A. 5 B. 8 C. 6 D. 7
Gii: Chn B
O
3
+ 2KI + H
2
O 2KOH + O
2
+ I
2

F
2
+ H
2
O 2HF + O
2

MnO
2
+ 4HCl
o
t
MnCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ 2H
2
O
Cl
2
+ H
2
S HCl + S
H
2
O
2
+ Ag
2
O 2Ag + O
2
+ H
2
O
3CuO + 2NH
3

o
t
3Cu + N
2
+ 3H
2
O
2KMnO
4

o
t
K
2
MnO
4
+ MnO
2
+ O
2

2H
2
S + SO
2

o
t
S + 2H
2
O

Cu 23: Chia 20 gam hn hp hai axit HCOOH v CH
3
COOH thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn mt trung ha va 190ml dung dch NaOH 1M
- Phn hai tc dng vi 9,2 gam ancol C
2
H
5
OH c xc tc, hiu sut phn ng l 90%. Lng este thu
c l:
A. 15 gam B. 13,788 gam C. 14,632 gam D. 17 gam
Gii: Chn B

6
P1: 10g
145
OO 0,19 ( 45).0,19 10
19
OH
RC H n R R

= = + = =
P2:
2 5
2 5 2 5 2
0, 2: OO OO
C H OH
n RC H C H OH RC C H H O = + +
0,19.0,9 0,171
m
este
= 0,171.
145
73
19
| |
+
|
\ .
=13,788 (gam)

Cu 24: Khi trung ha 2,8 gam cht bo cn 3 ml KOH 0,1M. Ch s axit ca cht bo l:
A. 4,5 B. 6 C. 7,5 D. 8
Gii: Chn B
Ch s axit =
3.0,1.56
6
2,8
=

Cu 25: Thy phn este A c cng thc phn t C
4
H
8
O
2
(c mt H
2
SO
4
long) thu c hai sn phm
hu c X, Y (ch cha cc nguyn t C, H, O). T X c th iu ch trc tip Y bng mt phn ng duy
nht. Tn gi ca X l:
A. Axit axetic B. Axit fomic C. Ancol etylic D. Etylaxetat
Gii: Chn C
A X + Y , X Y chng t s C X v Y bng nhau.
CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
+ H
2
O CH
3
COOH + C
2
H
5
OH
C
2
H
2
OH + O
2
CH
3
COOH + H
2
O

Cu 26: phn bit cc dung dch: glixerol (glixerin), glucoz, lng trng trng ta ch cn dng:
A. AgNO
3
/NH
3
B. Cu(OH)
2
/OH
-
,t
o
C. nc brom D. Tt c u sai
Gii: Chn B
Cu(OH)
2
, t
o
: - Glixerol to dung dch xanh,
- Glucoz to dung dch xanh lam m v kt ta gch
- Lng trng trng to dung dch tm

Cu 27: Cho dung dch cha cc cht sau: C
6
H
5
-NH
2
(C
6
H
5
l vng benzen) (X
1
); CH
3
-NH
2
(X
2
);
H
2
N-CH
2
-COOH (X
3
); HOOC-CH
2
-CH
2
-CHNH
2
-COOH (X
4
); H
2
N-(CH
2
)
4
-CHNH
2
-COOH (X
5
). Nhng
dung dch lm qu tm ha xanh l:
A. X
1
; X
2
; X
5
B. X
2
; X
3
; X
4
C. X
2
; X
5
D. X
3
; X
4
; X
5
Gii: Chn C
Ch X
2
, X
5
c tnh baz. X
2
l amin, cn X
5
l amino axit nhng c s nhm NH
2
nhiu hn nhm
COOH

Cu 28: Mun phn bit du nht bi trn my vi du thc vt, cch lm sao y l ng?
A. Ha tan vo nc, cht no nh ni trn b mt l du thc vt
B. Cht no tan trong dung dch HCl l du nht
C. un vi dung dch NaOH, ngui, cho hn hp thu c tc dng vi Cu(OH)
2
thy chuyn sang
dung dch mu xanh lam thm l du thc vt
D. un vi dung dch CuSO
4
thy chuyn sang dung dch mu xanh lam thm l du thc vt
Gii: Chn C


men gim

7
Cu 29: Chn cu ng trong cc cu sau:
A. Xenluloz v tinh bt c phn t khi nh
B. Xenluloz c phn t khi nh hn tinh bt
C. Xenluloz v tinh bt c phn t khi bng nhau
D. Xenluloz v tinh bt u c phn t khi rt ln, nhng thng thng phn t khi ca xenluloz
ln hn nhiu so vi tinh bt
Gii: Chn D

Cu 30: Khi ln men 1 tn ng cha 65% tinh bt th khi lng ancol etylic thu c bao nhiu (trong
cc s cho di y)? Bit hiu sut phn ng ln men t 80%
A. 290kg B. 295,3kg C. 300kg D. 350kg


Gii: Chn B
C
6
H
10
O
5
2C
2
H
5
OH + 2CO
2

1000.0, 65.0, 8
162
6,42 mol
6, 42.46 295, 3 m kg = =

Cu 31: Cho s : C
6
H
6
(benzen) C
6
H
5
-X meta X-C
6
H
4
-Y. Cc nhm X, Y ph hp vi s trn
l:
A. X(-NO
2
), Y(-CH
3
) B. X(-CH
3
), Y(-NO
2
)
C. X(-NH
2
), Y (-CH
3
) D. C A, C
Gii: Chn A
Nhm NO
2
l nhm nh hng th meta n nh hng cho nhm th mi vo v tr meta
Cn nhm CH
3
v nhm NH
2
l nhm nh hng ortho v para nn khng tha mn
nh hng th vo v tr meta th NO
2
phi th trc.

Cu 32: Mt bnh kn dung tch khng i cha hn hp kh cng th tch N
2
v H
2
0C, 10 atm. Sau khi
tin hnh tng hp NH
3
a nhit bnh v 0C, p sut trong bnh l 9 atm. Hiu sut phn ng tng
hp NH
3
l:
A. 10% B. 25% C. 20% D. 30%
Gii: Chn D
Gi s c 10 ml hn hp
2
2
5 :
5 :
ml N
ml H

s
s s s
10 10
9
9
t t
P n
n mol
P n n
= = =
N
2
+ 3H
2
2NH
3

pt: 1 mol N
2
+ 3 mol H
2
2 mol NH
3
. S mol (1 + 3) - 2 = 2 mol
bi: 0,5 mol N
2
1,5 mol H
2
1 mol NH
3
. S mol 10 - 9 = 1 mol
Hiu sut tnh theo H
2

2
2
( )
( d)
15
100% 100% 30%
5
H pu
H b
n
H
n
= = =


8
Cu 33: xc nh hm lng cacbon trong mt mu thp, ngi ta phi t mu thp trong oxi d v
xc nh lng CO
2
to thnh. Hy xc nh hm lng cacbon c trong mu X, bit rng khi t 10 gam
X trong oxi d dn ton b sn phm qua nc vi trong d th thu c 0,5 gam kt ta.
A. 6% B. 0,6% C. 5% D. 0,5%
Gii: Chn B
C CO
2
CaCO
3

0,005 0,005

0, 005.12
% .100 0, 6%
10
C
m = =

Cu 34: C mt loi qung pirit cha 86,4% FeS
2
. Nu mi ngy nh my sn xut 100 tn H
2
SO
4
98%
th qung pirit trn cn dng bao nhiu?
A. 69,44 tn B. 68,44 tn C. 67,44 tn D. 70,44 tn
Gii: Chn A
2 4
98.100
1
98.100
H SO
n = =
FeS
2
2H
2
SO
4


.0,864
120
m

2 .0,864
120
m
=1 m = 69,44 tn

Cu 35: Cho 1,74 gam anehit oxalic tc dng va vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
to ra m gam bc
kt ta. Gi tr m l:
A. 6,48 gam B. 12,96 gam C. 19,62 gam D. Kt qu khc
Gii: Chn B
2
( )
0, 03 4.0, 03 0,12 0,12.108 12, 96 = = = = =
CHO Ag Ag
n n m gam

Cu 36: Mt hp cht hu c A n cht, tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
to ra Ag kt ta,
cng Br
2
theo t l mol 1:1. Hiro ha hon ton A thu c 1,2 gam B, lng B ny khi tc dng vi Na
d cho ra 0,224 lt H
2
(ktc). Cng thc cu to ca A v B l:
A. (A): H-CHO, (B): CH
2
OH
B. (A): CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-CHO, (B): CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
OH
C. (A): CH
2
=CH-CHO, (B): CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
(OH)
D. (A): CH
2
=C=CH-CHO, (B): CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
OH
Gii: Chn C
RCHO ROH H
2

0,02 0,01
3 7 3 7
( 17).0, 02 1, 2 43( ) R R C H C H OH + = = ch c C tha mn.

Cu 37: Hp cht hu c A c cng thc phn t C
5
H
12
O. S ng phn ca A tc dng vi Kali l:
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8
Gii: Chn D
S ng phn phn ng vi Kali l ng phn ancol: C
5
H
11
OH

Cu 38: Cho hn hp gm 2 gam Fe v 3 gam Cu vo dung dch HNO
3
thy thot ra 0,448 lt NO (ktc).
Khi lng mui thu c trong dung dch (bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton) l:
A. 1 gam B. 6 gam C. 5,4 gam D. 5 gam
Gii: Chn C

9
n
Fe
=0,0357 Fe + 4HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ NO + 2H
2
O
n
Cu
= 0,047 0,02 0,02 0,02
n
NO
= 0,02 Fe + 2Fe(NO
3
)
3
3Fe(NO
3
)
2

0,01 0,02 0,03
Fe cn d Cu cha phn ng ch cha mui Fe
2+

3 2
( )
0, 3.180 5, 4 = = =
Fe NO
m m gam

Cu 39: Hai Hirocacbon A v B c cng thc phn t C
6
H
6
v c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh.
A lm mt mu dung dch brom v dung dch thuc tm iu kin thng. B khng phn ng vi hai
dung dch trn. A tc dng vi dung dch bc nitrat trong amoni to thnh kt ta D c cng thc phn t
C
6
H
4
Ag
2
. Cng thc cu to ca A, B ln lt l:
A. CH C-CH
2
-CH
2
-C CH, benzen B. CH C-CH(CH
3
)-C CH, benzen
C. CH C-CH
2
-CH=C=CH
2
, benzen D. benzen, CH C-CH=CH-CH=CH
2
Gii: Chn A
V D c CT C
6
H
4
Ag
2
A phi c 2 lin kt 3 u mch
A khng phn nhnh ch c p n A tha mn.

Cu 40: Hirocacbon M c cng thc phn t C
8
H
10
, khng lm mt mu dung dch brom. Khi un nng
M vi dung dch thuc tm to thnh C
7
H
5
KO
2
(N). Cho N tc dng vi dung dch axit HCl to thnh hp
cht C
7
H
6
O
2
. M c tn gi no sau y?
A. 1,2-imetylbenzen B. 1,3-imetylbenzen
C. etylbenzen D. 1,4-imetylbenzen
Gii: Chn C
C
6
H
5
CH
2
CH
3

4
,
o
KMnO t
C
6
H
5
COOK
H
+
C
6
H
5
COOH
3C
6
H
5
CH
2
CH
3
+ 10KMnO
4
3C
6
H
5
COOK + 3HCOOK + 4KOH + 10MnO
2
+ 4H
2
O
C
6
H
5
COOK + HCl C
6
H
5
COOH + KCl

Phn I: Phn chng trnh chun
Cu 41: Cho hn hp X gm Al, Fe, Cu. Ly 9,94 gam X ha tan trong lng d HNO
3
long th thot ra
3,584 lt NO (ktc). Tng khi lng mui khan to thnh l:
A. 39,7 gam B. 29,7 gam C. 39,3 gam D. Mt kt qu khc
Gii: Chn A
m
mui
= m
KL
+ 62. n
e
= 9,94 + 62.3.0,16=39,7g

Cu 42: Ha tan hon ton 21,1 gam hn hp gm FeCl
2
v NaF (c t l mol 1: 2) vo mt lng nc
(d), thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch AgNO
3
(d) vo X, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton sinh ra
m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 39,5 gam B. 28,7 gam C. 57,9 gam D. 68,7 gam
Gii : Chn A
21,1 (g) hh
2
0,1 : e
0, 2 : aF
mol F Cl
mol N

dd X
2+
-
-
0, 2 :
0,1 : e
0,2 mol : Cl
0,2 mol : F
mol Na
mol F
+

t
0
C

10
Fe
2+
+ Ag
+
Fe
3+
+ Ag
mol 0,1 0,1
Ag
+
+ Cl
-
AgCl
mol 0,2 0,2
m = m
Ag
+ m
AgCl
= 108.0,1 + 143,5.0,2 = 39,5 gam

Cu 43: Cho H
2
S ti d vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp ZnCl
2
1M v CuCl
2
2M sau phn ng khi lng
kt ta thu c
A. 193 gam B. 144,5 gam C. 48,5 gam D. 96 gam
Gii: Chn D
2
Z
0, 5
nCl
n mol =
2
1
CuCl
n mol =
H
2
S ch phn ng vi CuCl
2
to kt ta
H
2
S + CuCl
2
CuS + 2HCl
1 mol1 mol
m
CuS
= 96.1 = 96 (gam)

Cu 44: X l este ca etanol vi axit no n chc. Ly 0,05 mol X cho vo 100 gam dung dch NaOH 4%
ri un nng ti kh c cn P. t chy hon ton P thy thot ra 7,1 gam hn hp (CO
2
v hi nc).
X l:
A. Etyl propionat B. Etyl axetat
C. Etyl butirat D. Etyl panmitat
Gii: Chn B
2 1
2 1 2 5
0,1 : 0, 05
: 0, 05 : 0, 05
NaOH n n
n n
n C H COONa
crP
C H COOC H NaOHdu
+
+
=

C
n
H
2n+1
COONa
2
2 2 2 3
1 2 1 1
2 2 2
o
t
O
n
n CO H O Na CO
+
+ | |
+ + +
|
\ .

0,05
1
2
n
| |
+
|
\ .
.0,05
1
2
n
| |
+
|
\ .
.0,05
CO
2
+ 2NaOH
o
t
Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O
0,025 0,05 0,025
2 2
1 1
.0, 05 0, 025 .44 .0, 05 0, 025 7,1
2 2
CO H O
m m n n g
( ( | | | |
+ = + + + + + =
| | ( (
\ . \ .

2 5 2 5
2 n C H COOC H =

Cu 45: Ha tan hon ton y gam mt oxit st bng H
2
SO
4
c, nng thy thot ra kh SO
2
(sn phm
kh duy nht). Trong th nghim khc, sau khi kh hon ton cng y gam oxit trn bng CO nhit
cao ri ha tan lng st to thnh bng H
2
SO
4
c, nng th thu c lng kh SO
2
nhiu gp 9 ln
lng kh SO
2
th nghim trn. Xc nh cng thc oxit st?
A. Khng d liu xc nh B. Fe
2
O
3

C. Fe
3
O
4
D. FeO
Gii: Chn C
Oxit st tc dng vi H
2
SO
4
c nng SO
2
(ch c FeO v Fe
3
O
4
) (loi p s A v B)
Ta nhn thy
2
SO
n (lc sau) = 9
2
SO
n (lc u)

11
Vy tc l kim loi phn ng vi H
2
SO
4
c nng cho s mol e gp 9 ln s mol e do axit phn ng vi
H
2
SO
4
c nng.
Nu 1 mol FeO phn ng vi H
2
SO
4
cho 1 mol e
Nu 1 mol FeO phn ng vi CO cho 1 mol Fe v 1 mol Fe phn ng vi H
2
SO
4
c nng cho 3 mol e
Vy ch gp 3 ln (loi p s D)
Vy p s ng l C
Hc sinh t chng minh tng t vi Fe
3
O
4


Cu 46: Sc ht 1,568 lt CO
2
(ktc) vo 500ml dung dch NaOH 0,16M. Sau th nghim c dd A. Rt
250ml dung dch B gm BaCl
2
0,16M + Ba(OH)
2
xM vo dung dch A, c 3,94 gam kt ta v dung
dch. Nng xM ca Ba(OH)
2
bng:
A. 0,02M B. 0,025M C. 0,03M D. 0,015M
Gii: Chn A
2
0, 08
0, 07; 0, 08 2
0, 07
CO NaOH
n n KT = = = <
3
2
3
: 0, 07 0, 06
2 0, 08 0, 01
:
HNO x x y x
x y y
CO y

+ = =


+ = =

HCO
3
-
+ OH
-
CO
3
2-
+ H
2
O
0,5x 0,5x
2
2
3
( )
2 0, 5 ; 0, 02 0, 01 0, 5 0, 02 0, 02
Ba OH
OH CO
n n x n n x x

+
= = = = + = =

Cu 47: Ancol etylic c nhit si cao hn hn so vi cc anehit v dn xut halogen c khi lng
phn t xp x vi n v trong cc hp cht nu :
A. ch c ancol etylic cho phn ng vi natri
B. ch c ancol etylic to c lin kt hyro vi nc
C. ch c ancol etylic c kh nng loi nc to olefin
D. ch c ancol etylic c lin kt hyro lin phn t.
Gii: Chn D

Cu 48: Hn hp X gm hai hirocacbon A, B thuc loi ankan, ankin. t chy hon ton 6,72 lt (ktc)
kh X c khi lng l m gam, v cho tt c sn phm chy hp th hon ton vo bnh ng nc vi
trong d, thy khi lng bnh tng thm 46,5 gam v c 75 gam kt ta. Nu t l khi lng ca A v B
l 12: 13, th gi tr m l:
A. 10 gam B. 9,5 gam C. 10,5 gam D. 11 gam
Gii: Chn C
2 2
tan
46, 5
g CO H O
m m m = + =
2 2 3
0, 75 0, 75 10, 5
CO H O C H CaCO
n n n m m m
+
= = = = + =

Cu 49: Khi cho Buta-1,3-ien thc hin phn ng cng vi HCl theo t l s mol 1:1 th thu c bao
nhiu dn xut cha clo (k c ng phn hnh hc):
A. 1 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2
Gii: Chn B

Cu 50: T l th tch CO
2
v hi nc k hiu l T (
2 2
O
:
CO H
V V T = ) bin i trong khong no khi t
chy cc ancol no, n chc.

12
A. 0, 5 1 T s < B. 1 1,5 T < s C. 0,5 2 T s < D. 1 < T < 2
Gii: Chn A
C
n
H
2n+2
O nCO
2
+ (n+1)H
2
O
2
2
1
CO
H O
V
n
T
V n
= =
+

- N=1 T= 0,5
- N T 1
0, 5 1 T s <

Phn II: Phn chng trnh nng cao
Cu 51: t chy hon ton m gam mt hirocacbon th kh, nng hn khng kh, mch h thu c
3,584 lt kh CO
2
(ktc). Sc m gam hirocacbon ny vo nc brom d, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton thy cho 25,6 gam brom tham gia phn ng. Gi tr ca m (gam) l:
A. 2 B. 4 C. 10 D. 2,08
Gii: Chn A
2
3, 584
0,16
22, 4
CO
n mol = = ;
2
25, 6
0,16
160
Br
n mol = =
t CTPT ca hirocacbon l C
n
H
2n+2-2a

C
n
H
2n+2-2a
+
3 1
2
n a + | |
|
\ .
O
2
nCO
2
+ (n + 1 a )H
2
O
x n.x
C
n
H
2n+2-2a
+ aBr
2
C
n
H
2n+2-2a
Br
2a

x ax
Theo bi ra: n.x = 0,16 v a.x = 0,16
a = n
hirocacbon c CTPT dng C
n
H
2

V hirocacbon th kh nn 4 n s v nng hn khng kh nn 3 n >
n = 3 hoc n = 4
+ Nu n = 3 C
3
H
2
(khng c cu to tha mn)
+ Nu n = 4 C
4
H
2
(mch h): HC C-C CH
Suy ra: x = 0,04 (mol) m = 0,04.50 = 2 gam.

Cu 52: Cho cc cht: Eten, etyl clorua, glucoz, anehit axetic, natri etylat, ietyl oxalate. S cht ch
dng 1 phn ng iu ch c ru etylic l:
A. 6 B. 2 C. 5 D. 4
Gii: Chn A
PTP iu ch C
2
H
5
OH (ch dng 1 ptp) t cc cht cho:
+ C
2
H
4
+ H
2
O
H+
CH
3
CH
2
OH
+ C
2
H
5
Cl + NaOH C
2
H
5
OH + NaCl
+ C
6
H
12
O
6
(glucoz)
enzim
2C
2
H
5
OH + 2CO
2

+ CH
3
CHO + H
2

,
o
Ni t
CH
3
CH
2
OH
+ C
2
H
5
ONa + H
2
O C
2
H
5
OH + NaOH
+ C
2
H
5
OOC-COOC
2
H
5
+ 2NaOH 2C
2
H
5
OH + NaOOC-COONa
Tt c cc cht u iu ch c.


13
Cu 53: Cho cc cht: Al, Fe, dung dch AgNO
3
, dung dch NaOH ln lt tc dng vi nhau tng i
mt. S phn ng oxi ha kh nhiu nht c th xy ra l:
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
Gii: Chn B
Cc PTP xy ra (cc cht tc dng vi nhau tng i mt)
1) Al + 3AgNO
3
Al(NO
3
)
3
+ 3Ag
2) Fe + 2AgNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ 2Ag
3) Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ AgNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ Ag
4) Al + NaOH + H
2
O NaAlO
2
+ 3/2H
2

5) 2AgNO
3
+ 2NaOH Ag
2
O + 2NaNO
3
+ H
2
O
Ta thy 1, 2, 3, 4 l phn ng oxi ha-kh (5) khng phi l phn ng oxi ha-kh

Cu 54: Cracking butan thu c hn hp ch gm 5 hirocacbon c t khi so vi H
2
bng 18,125. Hiu
sut phn ng cracking l:
A. 40% B. 20% C. 80% D. 60%
Gii: Chn D
Cc PTP xy ra khi crackinh C
4
H
10
:
C
4
H
10
CH
4
+ C
3
H
6

C
4
H
10
C
2
H
5
+ C
2
H
4

Sau phn ng thu c 5 hi rocacbon (CH
4
, C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
6
v C
4
H
10
d)
Theo bi ra:
2
/
18,125 18,125.2 36, 25 hh
hh H
d M = = =
Gi thit ban u c a mol C
4
H
10
(khi lng l 58.a gam)
V khi lng trc v sau phn ng khng i nn
m
hh (sau phn ng)
= 58.a (gam)
58.
1, 6. ( )
36, 25
hh
hh
hh
m a
n a mol
M
= = =
V s mol C
4
H
10
phn ng bng s mol hn hp tng sau phn ng, do :

4 10
( )
1, 6. 0, 6. ( )
C H pu
n a a a mol = =
Vy hiu sut phn ng:
( )
( )
0, 6.
(%) .100% .100% 60%
pu
bd
n
a
H
n a
= = =

Cu 55: Tnh cht vt l ca cc kim loi nhm IIA bin thin khng u n v
A. chng c bn knh nguyn t khc nhau
B. chng c in tch ht nhn khc nhau
C. chng c kiu mng tinh th khc nhau
D. chng c s lp electron khc nhau
Gii: Chn C
Tnh cht vt l ca cc kim loi nhm IIA bin i khng c quy lut v n cht ca chng c kiu
mng tinh th khc nhau:
VD: Be, Mg: Mng tinh th lc phng
Ca, Sr: Mng tinh th lp phng tm din
Ba: Mng tinh th lp phng tm khi

Cu 56: Hn hp A gm C
3
H
4
, C
3
H
6
, C
3
H
8
c t khi hi so vi H
2
bng 21. t chy hon ton 1,12 lt
hn hp A (ktc), ri dn ton b sn phm chy vo bnh ng nc vi trong d. tng khi lng
ca bnh ng nc vi trong l:

14
A. 9,3 gam B. 10,6 gam C. 14,6 gam D. 12,7 gam
Gii: Chn A
Ta c:
2
/
21 21.2 42 A
A H
d M = = =
Gi x, y, z ln lt l s mol ca C
3
H
4
, C
3
H
6
v C
3
H
8
c trong 1,12 lt hn hp A. Theo bi ra: x + y + z =
1,12/22,4 = 0,05 (mol)
Mt khc:
40. 42. 44.
42 A
x y z
M
x y z
+ +
= =
+ +

40. 42. 44. 42. 42. 42. x y z x y z + + = + +
2. 2. z x x z = =
PTP t chy:
C
3
H
4

2
O +
3CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
x 3x 2x
C
3
H
6

2
O +
3CO
2
+ 3H
2
O
y 3y 3y
C
3
H
8
3
2
O +
3CO
2
+ 4H
2
O
z 3z 4z
Cc sn phm chy CO
2
, H
2
O b hp th hon ton vo nc vi trong d. Do , tng khi lng ca
bnh bng tng khi lng ca CO
2
v H
2
O

2 2
CO H O
m m m = +
=
3
x + 3y + 3z).44 +
2
x + 3y + 4z).18
= 3.44(x + y + z) + 18.3 (x+ y + z)
(V x = z nn 2x + 4z = 3x + 3z)
= 3. (44+ 18). 0,05 (v x + y + z = 0,05) = 9,3 gam

Cu 57: Trong ha hc v c, phn ng ha hc lun l phn ng oxi ha kh l:
A. phn ng ha hp B. phn ng trao i
C. phn ng phn hy D. phn ng th
Gii: Chn D
Xt cc loi phn ng:
A. Phn ng ha hp
CaO + CO
2
CaCO
3
; Khng phi phn ng oxi ha kh
B. Phn ng trao i
AgNO
3
+ NaCl AgCl + NaNO
3
; Khng phi phn ng oxi ha kh
C. Phn ng phn hy:
CaCO
3
CaO + CO
2
: Khng phi phn ng oxi ha kh
D. Phn ng th :
Zn + 2AgNO
3
Zn(NO
3
)
2
+ 2Ag lun l phn ng oxi ha kh
Ch : Trong ha hc v c:
- Phn ng ha hp, phn ng phn hy c th l phn ng oxi ha kh, c th khng phi l phn
ng oxi ha kh
- Phn ng trao i lun khng phi l phn ng oxi ha kh
- Phn ng th lun l phn ng oxi ha kh

Cu 58: Nguyn t clo khng c kh nng th hin s oxi ha
A. 0 B. +3 C. +1 D. +2
Gii: Chn D

15
Cu hnh electron nguyn t clo trng thi c bn (trng thi c nng lng thp nht) v trng
thi kch thch.
Do trong cc hp cht nguyn t clo c kh nng th hin cc oxi ha l : -1, +1, +3, +5, +7
Khng c kh nng th hin cc s oxi ha chn (+2, +4)

Cu 59: C th lm kh kh NH
3
bng
A. H
2
SO
4
c B. P
2
O
5
C. CaO D. CuSO
4
khan
Gii: p n C
Nguyn tc lm kh cht kh:
+ Dng cht ht m mnh (cht lm kh)
+ Cht lm kh khng phn ng vi cht cn lm kh.
Ta thy:
- H
2
SO
4
c, P
2
O
5
, CaO, CuSO
4
khan u l cht hc m mnh dng lm cht lm kh
- NH
3
c tnh baz, c tnh kh v c kh nng to phc nn khng th dng c tnh axit (axit, oxit axit)
c tnh oxi ha, to phc vi NH
3
lm cht lm kh loi H
2
SO
4
c, P
2
O
5
, CuSO
4
khan;
V: 3H
2
SO
4
c + 2NH
3
N
2
+ 3SO
2
+ 6H
2
O
P
2
O
5
+ 6NH
3
+ 3H
2
O 2(NH
4
)
3
PO
4

CuSO
4
+ 6NH
3
+ 2H
2
O [Cu(NH
3
)
4
](OH)
2
+ (NH
4
)
2
SO
4

CaO c th dng lm kh kh NH
3
.

Cu 60: C bao nhiu ancol c cng cng thc phn t C
4
H
10
O?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
Gii: p n C
S lin kt (pi) + vng ( bt bo ha ca hp cht hu c) ca
Ancol l: n
+v
=
2.4 2 10
0
2
+
=
ancol no, n chc, mch h. Cc ancol l:

CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
OH (CH
3
)
2
CHCH
2
OH (CH
3
)
2
C(OH)CH
3
CH
3
-CH(OH)-CH
2
CH
3

Butan-1-ol 2-metylpropan-ol 2-metylpropan-2-ol butan-2-ol
Ch :
bt bo ha ca hp cht hu c (tr mui amoni, mui ca amoni vi axit hu c) dng:
C
x
H
y
O
z
N
t
Cl
k
c tnh theo cng thc:
n
+ v
=
2. 2
2
x y t k + +