Map 22 Moesia Inferior

Compiled by A.G. Poulter, 1996 Introduction

Reconstructing ancient topography and land-use in this region is exceedingly difficult. Although the courses of the Danube and its major left- and right-bank tributaries have changed little since antiquity, land reclamation and dredging to improve navigation along the Danube have substantially narrowed the rivers flow. They have also eliminated much of the marshland which existed between its channels and especially, but not exclusively, along its left bank. Here, the series of 1:200,000 maps produced by the Militrgeographische Institut (Vienna, 1940) has been used in preference to later cartography, since they provide a more reliable, if still tentative, guide to the landscape within the Danubian plain. Eastern Dacia and Scythia Minor are covered by TIR Romula (1969), which takes an optimistic view of the identification of ancient sites and roads. The western limit of Moesia Inferior is included in TIR Naissus (1976). Except for Poulter (1995), no recent detailed maps exist for settlement in the north Danubian plain, and none for northern Thrace. Two publications (Hoddinott 1975; Velkov 1977) remain the best authorities for Bulgaria from the classical to Late Roman periods. For Dacia (present day Romania), there is a useful and notably reliable source for military sites (Ctniciu 1981), and another for civilian settlements (Tudor 1968). The Directory cites further bibliography for sites of exceptional importance where recent excavations have been carried out. It also registers uncertainty about the function of some sites (fort or settlement, for example). With notable exceptions (cf. Maddjarov 1990), the exact alignment of roads cannot be confidently determined. Even the Danube road, though its general course is assured, frequently deviates south to avoid low-lying ground. It is by no means certain that this important highway ran directly from one fort to another, or whether side-roads provided access to military installations and cities located on the Danube bank. Few villas have been fully excavated; all those that have been published are marked, except where interpretation is in doubt (Nikolov 1976, 67-71). Variation in the distribution of settlement shown generally reflects regional differences in the intensity of survey and excavation. Only a limited number of major sites have been investigated along the Bulgarian section of the Danube, for example; by contrast, field-survey and excavation, supplemented by aerial reconnaissance, have added substantially to the total of sites in the Romanian Dobrogea (Scythia Minor) and along the valley of the R. Olt (ancient Alutus). Conspicuous is the thinly spread line of Roman forts known for the eastern frontier of Dacia, where field-work has been limited. No doubt there are more military bases to be found here, probably interspersed with watch-towers, as intensive survey has found along the western frontier (Map 21). Only in northeastern Bulgaria, between the R. Athrys and the Black Sea, is the scant evidence for Roman occupation likely to reflect a comparatively low density of settlement in antiquity; as late as the nineteenth century, this largely waterless landscape was forested and thinly populated. Even so, it is remarkable that the region has produced evidence for important sites of the Hellenistic period (Abritus, Sveshtari). More generally, only the well-published Late Roman refuge settlements have been included (Sadovets, Tsaravets). Where regional survey has been carried out (as between the R. Asamus and Abritus), numerous hill-top fortifications dating to the fifth and sixth centuries A.D. have been discovered; these were certainly common along the length of the Haemus range, especially in its northern foothills (Poulter 1983 II, 97-100). Military occupation of the plain between the Carpathian foothills and the Danube may already have occurred by the end of Trajans first Dacian War (101/102). The majority of forts here, however, were established after the final conquest of the Dacian kingdom in 106. The abandonment of Moldova and the creation of the so-called Limes Transalutanus fortification-line can both be tentatively dated to the reign of Hadrian. Despite claims to the contrary, the Roman abandonment of Dacia probably occurred during the reign of Gallienus (260-68), before the traditional date of around 275 when Aurelian established the new province of Dacia south of the Danube (Ctniciu 1981, 53-55). In the Late Roman period, the extent of control and military occupation over territory north of the Danube

334

MAP 22 MOESIA INFERIOR

remains controversial. One fort (Pietroasa de Jos), well beyond the Danubian Limes, would seem to have been occupied in the fourth century A.D., as were bridge-head forts (Sucidava, Barboi, and the unlocated Constantiniana Daphne) along the left bank of the river. But the earth bank and ditch, known as the Brazda lui Novac de Nord, though later than the Limes Transalutanus and often regarded as being of Late Roman date, remains problematic. Similarly, although considered first-century and believed to predate the Limes Transalutanus, the function and origins of a shorter section of bank and ditch known as the Brazda lui Novac de Sud remain uncertain. The absence of any evidence for Late Roman forts or settlements along its course and south of it rather suggests a later, probably medieval, date (see also the Czorsz-arok, Map 21 B2). In the list of Unlocated Toponyms, where possible, a general location is provided, either with reference to a nearby site, or to the Late Roman province to which it was probably assigned (Maps 101, 102). In the case of sites mentioned by Procopius, there is particular reason for scepticism. Although he credits Justinian (527-565) with major reconstruction and the building of new fortifications, the only corroborative evidence is confined to Mesembria. Along the Danube, notably in Scythia Minor, tile-stamps and inscriptions suggest that Anastasius (491-518) was responsible for the reconstruction of frontier installations. Procopius is confused, especially in his descriptions of Moesia II and Scythia; many names are clearly corrupt, and similar names in separate lists may be the same site included twice by error, not two different places with the same name.

Directory
All place names are in Romania unless otherwise noted Abbreviations
TIB Thrakien TIR Aquincum TIR Naissus TIR Romula P. Soustal, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 6, Thrakien, DenkWien 221, Vienna, 1991 Tabula Imperii Romani L 34, Aquincum-Sarmizegetusa-Sirmium, Amsterdam, 1968 Tabula Imperii Romani K 34, Naissus, Dyrrhachion-Scupi-Serdica-Thessalonike, Ljubljana, 1976 Tabula Imperii Romani L 35, Romula-Durostorum-Tomis, Bucharest, 1969

Names

Grid E5 D5 E4 B4 B5 B6 F3 B3 B4 F3 A5 E4 B4 E6 D2 A2 A3

Name Abrit Abritus Abrud Acidava = (S)Acidava Acidava Ad Putea Ad Radices Aegyssus Agathopolis = Aulaiouteichos Albeti Albota Aliobrix Altimir Altinum Alutus fl. Anchialus Angustia? Apahida Apoldu de Sus

Period L HRL RL? R RL RL RL R R R RL RL CHRL R

Modern Name / Location BUL Razgrad BUL Enoeti Riben BUL Popina Leka BUL Tulcea

Reference Velkov 1977, 109 (n. 423) Hoddinott 1975, 156-65; Ivanov 1980 TIR Romula 21 Ctniciu 1981, 26 Hoddinott 1975, 126 Maddjarov 1990, 24 TIR Romula 21-22 TIR Romula 22 TIR Romula 22 TIR Romula 22 TIR Naissus 14 TIR Romula 22 TIR Romula 22-23 Hoddinott 1975, 221-23 TIR Romula 23 See Map 21 See Map 21

MOL fort, settlement BUL Oltina Olt Pomorie BUL Breu

MAP 22 MOESIA INFERIOR Grid E6 D5 A2 E6 F4 E6 F3 B3 C6 B5 B5 C5 A5 A5 E6 F4 F4 A2 C5 F3 F3 B7 F4 C6 B6 B6 F5 B2 F3 A2 E4 B3 A5 F5 B2 E4 F4 B3 C6 F3 E2 E4 D7 B3 E6 F3 B3 C6 Name Apollonia Pontica/ Sozopolis Appiaria Appiarienses Apulum Aquae Calidae Argamum Aristaeum Arubium Arutela Alutela Arzus Asamus Asamus fl. Athrys/ Iatros/ Ieterus fl. Augusta fl. Augustae Augusta Traiana = Beroe Aulaiouteichos/ Agathopolis Axiopolis Babadag Baciu Bneasa Barboi Bastarnae Batak Beroe Beroe/ Augusta Traiana Bessapara Bessi Bizone Brazda lui Novac de Nord Brazda lui Novac de Sud Brncoveneti Britolagai Brucla Bugeac Buridava *Buridavenses Cciulteti Callatis Clugreni Candidiana = Nigrinianis Canlia Capidava Caput Stenarum Carassura Carcaliu Carpi Carsium Castra Iarba Castra Traiana Cazalet? Cla Cedonia Celaletae Maiores Period CHRL/ L RL R HRL RL R RL R RL RL RL RL Modern Name / Location Sozopol BUL Ryahovo BUL Burgaski Mineralni Bani BUL Sarichioi? Emona BUL Mcin Bivolrie Kalugerovo BUL Mussalievo BUL Osum BUL Iskur BUL BUL Hrlets BUL Achtapol BUL Hinog Reference Hoddinott 1975, 33-41; Velkov 1977, 117 RE; Velkov 1977, 99 See Map 21 Hoddinott 1975, 221 TIR Romula 24 Hoddinott 1975, 223 TIR Romula 24 Ctniciu 1981, 27-28 Hoddinott 1975, 206 Velkov 1977, 102 RE RE Ieterus See Map 21 TIR Naissus 19; Maschov 1994 Arrian, PPE 24.6; Anon., PPE 15v28; RE Suppl. 9 Pontos Euxeinos, col. 1037 TIR Romula 24-25 TIR Romula 25 See Map 21 Ctniciu 1981, 35-36 TIR Romula 25 RE Suppl. 9 Pontos Euxeinos, col. 1013 See Map 51 TIR Romula 26-27 Hoddinott 1975, 199-202 Hoddinott 1975, 67 RE Bessoi Hoddinott 1975, 333 See Earthworks See Earthworks Ctniciu 1981, 22-23 Ptol. 3.10.7 See Map 21 TIR Romula 29 Ctniciu 1981, 26-27 TIR Romula 80

335

RL CHRL? RL RL R RL R RL HRL/ R RL CHR CHR R R RL R

MOL / UKR BUL Piatra Frecei Stara Zagora BUL near Pazardjik BUL BUL Kavarna BUL

MOL / UKR Stolniceni

CHRL R RL RL R RL L R RL R R?L RL R R

Mangalia

See Map 21 RE Suppl. 9 Pontos Euxeinos, cols. 1079-81 Ctniciu 1981, 23 TIR Romula 29 TIR Romula 29-30 Ctniciu 1981, 29-30 Bttger 1983 TIR Romula 30 RE 1 TIR Romula 30 See Map 51 Ctniciu 1981, 27 ItMiller 588 TIR Romula 31 TIR Romula 32 RE Thrake 3

Topalu Boia Rupkite BUL Hrova BUL Smbotin? Panitsovo BUL Sibiu? BUL

336 Grid B7 A2 F4 C6 A2 E6 B2 C6 A2 A2 F4 B3 D3 F4 A2 C3 B3 A2 E1 B2 B4 A2 F4 A2 A5 F4 E4 E6 A2 C5 F3 B6 F5 B5 B6 D3 F4 E4 E4 A6 C5 C5 F4 E5 A2 B3 B4 E4 C5 E5 F5 Name Celaletae Minores Cetea Cernavoda Chatalka Cheia Chersonesos Cheani Cillis? Ciugud Ciunga Cius Cincor Crlomneti Cochirleni Cojocna Comidava Cumidava Copceni Corpadea Costoboci Cristeti Crmpoaia/ Ghioca Dacia Deni Daia Romn Danuvius/ Istros/ Hister fl. Deleni Dervent Deultum Dezmir Dimum Dimenses Dinogetia Diocletianopolis Dionysopolis/ Krounoi Diospolis = Kabyle Doriones Douvanli Drajna de Sus Dunrea Dunreni Durostorum *Egerica Emporium Discoduraterae Emporium Piretensium Enisala Erite/ Ereta Fgeti Ierii Feldioara Flfani Flaviana Flmnda Galata Gerania Period R R RL HRL? RL RL R H RL R R R R R

MAP 22 MOESIA INFERIOR Modern Name / Location BUL BUL Maslen Nos BUL Cherna Gora Grliciu Reference RE Thrake 3 See Map 21 TIR Romula 32 Nikolov 1976 See Map 21 PPE 24.5; Anon., PPE 137 See Map 21 ItAnt 136.5 See Map 21 See Map 21 TIR Romula 33 Ctniciu 1981, 25 Babe 1975 TIR Romula 34 See Map 21 Ctniciu 1981, 8-9 Ctniciu 1981, 28 See Map 21 RE Kostoboken Ctniciu 1981, 24 TIR Romula 43; Ctniciu 1981, 31 See Map 21 TIR Romula 37 See Map 21 See Map 23 TIR Romula 38 TIR Romula 38 Hoddinott 1975, 221 See Map 21 RE; Mitova-Donova 1994 TIR Romula 38 Hoddinott 1975, 300-12; Madjarov 1993 Hoddinott 1975, 49 Maddjarov 1990, 22 Hoddinott 1975, 58-69 Ctniciu 1981, 5 TIR Romula 40 TIR Romula 40 Hoddinott 1975, 138-42; Donevski 1991 See Map 49 Poulter 1995, 14 Poulter 1995, 8 TIR Romula 40 Hoddinott 1975, 334 See Map 21 Ctniciu 1981, 25 TIR Romula 42 TIR Romula 42 Ctniciu 1981, 33 Hoddinott 1975, 233 IGBulg 1, 49-50

Rnov

MOL

RL

RL? RL RL RL R RL RL CHRL/ C RL C R RL RL RL RL R RL RL

Debelt BUL Belene BUL Garvn Hisar BUL Balchik BUL Slatina BUL BUL

Silistra BUL BUL Gostilitsa BUL Gorsko Kosovo BUL Dolni Bliznyak? BUL

R R RL R HR RL?

Rasova? BUL Kranevo BUL

MAP 22 MOESIA INFERIOR Grid C4 A2 A1 F4 B5 B5 B6 A5 A6 B4 F4 C6 E6 C7 C7 C7 A6 A6 D2 Name Gerasus fl. = Hierasos fl. Getae Gheorgheni Gherla Ghioca = Crmpoaia Ghindreti Giridava Glava Panega Golyamo Belovo Gorna Beovitsa Gorna Malina Gresia Gura Dobrogei Haemus M. Haemi Pr. Harmanli Haskovo Haskovo bani Hebros fl. Helice Hierasos/ Gerasus/ Tiarantos? fl. Hister fl. = Danuvius fl. Histria (H)Istropolis Istros Hoghiz Homorod Horia Iara Iatros fl. = Athrys fl. Iatrus Ibida = (L)Ibida Ieterus fl.= Athrys fl. Ighiu Iliua Inlceni Ismail Istros fl. = Danuvius fl. Izlaz Jidava Jijila Kabyle/ Diospolis Cabyleti Karon Limen? Karpates Oros Kasnakovo Kazanluk Koralloi Krobyzoi Krounoi = Dionysopolis Krushovitsa (L)Ibida Limes Transalutanus Ljutibrod Locidae Regi Period CHRL Modern Name / Location Reference RE; KlPauly Getai See Map 21 See Map 21 Pelishet BUL BUL BUL BUL fort, settlement BUL TIR Romula 43 RE IGBulg 2, 37-59 Hoddinott 1975, 298-300 AE 1969/70.572 TIR Naissus 57 Ctniciu 1981, 33 TIR Romula 44 RE Haimos 5 RE Haimos 5 See Map 51 TIB Thrakien 281-82 See Map 51 See Map 51 See Map 49 RE ; TIR Romula 45

337

RL RL R L R RL R R RL RL RL

Stara Planina BUL E end of Haemus BUL BUL BUL BUL Siret ROM / UKR

RL/ L/ C CHRL R R R

F4 C3 C3 F3 A2 C5 A2 B1 C2 F3 B5 C3 F3 D6 F5 A3/C1 C6 C6 E6 E5 A5 F4 A5 E5

Istria

TIR Romula 45-46 Ctniciu 1981, 25 Ctniciu 1981, 50 Poulter 1983 II, 89-90 See Map 21

RL

Krivina BUL

Hoddinott 1975, 133-35; Blow 1995 See Map 21 See Map 21 Ctniciu 1981, 95 (n. 372) TIR Romula 47 Ctniciu 1981, 26 Ctniciu 1981, 34 TIR Romula 48

R R R R RL HRL/ L R H R H R R RL L RL RL

UKR

Yambol BUL Shabla BUL BUL BUL BUL BUL BUL Slava Rus BUL NE Bulgaria

Poulter 1983 I, 233-38 Pliny, NH 4.40 RE See Map 1 Hoddinott 1975, 216-17 Hoddinott 1975, 98-103 RE RE Suppl. 9 Pontos Euxeinos, col. 1019 TIR Naissus 76 TIR Romula 67 See Walls TIR Naissus 80 ItMiller 593

338 Grid E5 C3 A2 E5 A2 B5 A3 E6 A5 A2 A2 A5 B6 D5 B6 E4 A2 E6 F3 C5 D4 A2 D4 C5 F3 A2 A1 E5 C2 D6 B5 B5 B5 C2 B1 E4 F4 A2 E5 B6 E5 E5 C6 A2 C5 F3 B5 A4 B6 B6 F3 D3 A1 Name Madara Mlieti Malva = Romula Mnrade Marcianopolis Maris(os) fl. Melta Mercurea Mesembria Mezdra Miceti Alba Miceti Turda Moesi Moesia Inferior Mogilets Monte Haemo Naparis? fl. Napoca Naulochos/ Templum Iovis? Tetranaulochus Nicoliel Nicopolis ad Istrum Nigrinianis/ Candidiana Nolac Nova erna Novae Noviodunum Obreja Ocna Dejului Odessus Odorheiu Secuiesc Odrysae Oescus Oescus fl. Oitensioi? Olteni Orheiu Bistriei Ostrov Ovidiu Palatca Palmatis Panagyurishte Pannissus Panysos fl. Parambole Puca Pavlikeni Peceneaga Pedonianis Pelendava Peroushtitsa Philippopolis/ Trimontium Piatra Roie Pietroasa de Jos Pintic Period RL R RL RL CHRL RL

MAP 22 MOESIA INFERIOR Modern Name / Location Reference Hoddinott 1975, 167-68 Ctniciu 1981, 9 Reka Devniya BUL HUN / ROM Lovech BUL Nesebur BUL fort, settlement BUL BUL / YUG BUL / ROM BUL Kartsoviya Bouk BUL Ialomia Obzor BUL See Map 21 Hoddinott 1975, 267-68 See Map 21 Velkov 1977, 105 See Map 21 Hoddinott 1975, 317-23 TIR Naissus 86 See Map 21 See Map 21 See Map 21 RE Moesia Poulter 1983 II, 86-90 Maddjarov 1990, 24 Hdt. 4.48 See Map 21 ItMiller 513; Hoddinott 1975, 334-36 TIR Romula 53 Hoddinott 1975, 143-49; Poulter 1995 Velkov 1977, 105 See Map 21 TIR Romula 53 Hoddinott 1975, 128-33; Press 1990 TIR Romula 53-54 See Map 21 See Map 21 Hoddinott 1975, 223-33 TIR Romula 54 RE Odrysai Hoddinott 1975, 116-26 RE Moesia, col. 2361 RE Ctniciu 1981, 30 Ctniciu 1981, 39 TIR Romula 55 TIR Romula 56 See Map 21 RE Hoddinott 1975, 85-91 RE Panysos RE ItMiller 537 See Map 21 Poulter 1983 II, 89-90 TIR Romula 57 ItMiller 503 See Map 21 Hoddinott 1975, 293-97 Hoddinott 1975, 187-95 TIR Romula 58 TIR Romula 58; Ctniciu 1981, 9 See Map 21

RL R RL C HR/ L RL RL R/ L L RL RL

Nikiup BUL Maluk Preslavets BUL BUL Svishtov BUL Isaccea

CHRL RL? HR RL RL R R R RL RL RL H RL RL R?L R RL L L HRL/ R R R?L

Varna BUL BUL Gigen BUL Iskur BUL BUL

Kochular? BUL BUL Dubravino / Kalimah BUL Kamchiya BUL Belozem? BUL BUL Vadin BUL BUL Plovdiv BUL

MAP 22 MOESIA INFERIOR Grid B6 E2 D4 E4 C6 A2 B4 B5 B3 F6 D4 A2 B3 C5 B4 C5 F2 C6 C3 F3 B3 A2 A3 A5 A4 A1 B4 B4 F5 C3 B4 A3 E4 B5 A2 A1 A1 B4 C2 A2 A2 E6 E2 F4 A3 B5 F4 B6 C6 C5 D5 E5 E6 A2 B4 A6 B6 A6 Name Pirdop Piroboridava Piscul Crsanilor Piua Pietrei Pizus Podeni Pons Aluti Pons Constantini Pons Vetus Pontus Euxinus Popeti Potaissa Praetorium Prisovo Purcreni Putineiu Pyretos fl. Pyrogeri Rcar Rachelu Rdcineti Rzboieni Reciu Regianum Rhabo fl. Rogna Romula/ Malva Roiorii de Vede Rousalka Roxolani Rusidava (S)Acidava Sacidava Sadovets Salinae Samum Samus fl. Spata de Jos Sreni ard Sava Scatrae Scythia Scythia Minor Sebe Securisca Seimeni Sernota Seuthopolis Sexaginta Prista Shoumen Shkorpilovtsi Sialetae Sic Slveni Soneio Sostra Sozopolis = Apollonia Pontica Sparata Period L R H RL RL R L R H R R R R CR R R RL Copceni BUL Prut BUL Modern Name / Location BUL Poiana-Tecuci? Dimitrievo BUL Ionetii Govorii near Sucidava Cineni Reference Hoddinott 1975, 280-85 TIR Romula 58 Vulpe 1976, 124, 133-34 TIR Romula 58 Hoddinott 1975, 206 See Map 21 Ctniciu 1981, 26 Tudor 1974, 135-66 Ctniciu 1981, 29 See Map 1 Vulpe 1976, 124, 133-34 See Map 21 Ctniciu 1981, 28 Poulter 1983 II, 86-90 Ctniciu 1981, 31 Ctniciu 1981, 34-35 TIR Romula 60 RE Ctniciu 1981, 52 TIR Romula 60 Ctniciu 1981, 29 See Map 21 See Map 21 TIR Naissus 108 See Map 21 See Map 21 Tudor 1968, 342-61; TIR Romula 62 Ctniciu 1981, 31 Kitov 1971 RE Suppl. 7 TIR Romula 51 See Map 21 TIR Romula 63 Hoddinott 1975, 256-58; Uenze 1992 See Map 21 See Map 21 See Map 21 Ctniciu 1981, 36-37 Ctniciu 1981, 23 See Map 21 See Map 21 Velkov 1977, 105 See Map 1 TIR Romula 65 See Map 21 Velkov 1977, 103 TIR Romula 65 ItMiller 537 Poulter 1983 I, 289-303 RE Sexagintaprisca Hoddinott 1975, 262 Hoddinott 1975, 50 RE Sialetai See Map 21 Ctniciu 1981, 51-52 See Map 49 Velkov 1977, 105 See Map 49

339

RL RL? R L HRL R RL L

Kozloduj? BUL Reca BUL Momoteti? Dunreni? BUL HUN / ROM

R R RL RL RL RL R?L H RL L L R R RL BUL Lomets BUL BUL crest of Haemus Dobrogea Cherkovitsa BUL BUL Rus BUL BUL BUL BUL

340 Grid B5 A2 A2 B6 B5 E4 A2 D5 A6 E7 D5 E4 F3 F3 F7 F7 B5 C4 F5 F5 B3 F4 D6 F4 F4 F3 D4 B5 C5 F3 F3 E4 C5 B3 C6 B4 B5 B5 C5 C5 B5 A5 B6 A5 F4 F4 F4 F4 B5 F4 F4 F4 F4 Name Storgosia Straja Strem Sub Radices Sucidava Sucidava Surduc Sveshtari Succorum Angustiae Tarpodizo Tegris Tegra Tegulitium Telia Templum Iovis? = Naulochos Thalamonium Thynias Thynias Pr. Tia Mare Tiarantos? fl. = Hierasos fl. Trgor Tirizis Tirizis Pr. Titeti Tomis Tonzos fl. Topalu Topraichioi Traian Transmarisca Triballi Trimammium Trimontium = Philippopolis Troesmis Trog(l)odytae Tropaeum Traiani Tsaravets Turnu Rou Tylis Urluieni Utus Utus fl. Valea Totiii Valea Urluii Valeriana Variana Viamata Vicus Bapeni Vicus Buteridavensis Vicus Celeris Vicus Clement(...) Vicus Hi(...) Vicus Longinopara Vicus Novus Vicus Petrus Vicus Quintionis Vicus *Ramidava Period RL RL RL RL H

MAP 22 MOESIA INFERIOR Modern Name / Location Pleven BUL Hristo Danovo BUL Celei Izvoarele? BUL Suki Pass BUL TKY Martensko Kale BUL Vetren BUL Reference Maddjarov 1990, 21 See Map 21 See Map 21 Maddjarov 1986; 1990, 25 Tudor 1968, 323-41 TIR Romula 69 See Map 21 Fol 1986 Velkov 1977, 93 See Map 52 Velkov 1977, 105 Velkov 1977, 105 Poulter 1983 II, 89 TIR Romula 71 See Map 52 See Map 52 Ctniciu 1981, 25 Ctniciu 1981, 10 Hoddinott 1975, 333-34 Hoddinott 1975, 333-34 Ctniciu 1981, 29 RE Suppl. 9 Pontos Euxeinos, cols. 1080-81 See Map 51 TIR Romula 73 Opai 1980 TIR Romula 73 TIR Romula 73 See Map 21 Velkov 1977, 104-105 TIR Romula 73-74 RE VIIA, cols. 2497-2500 Troglodytai Barnea 1979; Smpetru 1984 Hoddinott 1975, 249-50 TIR Romula 75 RE Ctniciu 1981, 36 Velkov 1977, 92 RE Moesia, col. 2361 Ctniciu 1981, 31 Ctniciu 1981, 31 Velkov 1977, 91 Velkov 1977, 91 Maddjarov 1990, 26 Poulter 1980, 738 Poulter 1980, 739 Poulter 1980, 739 Poulter 1980, 739 Poulter 1980, 739 Poulter 1980, 739 Poulter 1980, 739 Poulter 1980, 739 Poulter 1980, 739 Poulter 1980, 739

RL RL R RL R R HRL HRL R CHRL RL L RL RL RL RL HR RL L R H R RL RL R R RL RL L L R R R R R R R R R

Nufrul? TKY TKY

Kaliakra BUL Kaliakra BUL Constana BUL / TKY

Tutrukan BUL BUL / YUG Mechka BUL Iglia Adamclisi BUL Tulovsko Pole? BUL Utum BUL Vit BUL

Dolni Vadin BUL Leskovo BUL Mihiltsi BUL E Augustae BUL Sariurt? Vadul? Mihail Koglniceanu? Dorobanul? near Glava Panega BUL Babadag Camena? near Istria near Hrova

MAP 22 MOESIA INFERIOR Grid F4 F4 B5 B5 F4 F4 F4 F4 A2 E4 E5 F5 A4 Name Vicus *Scaptia Vicus Scenopesis Vicus Siamus Vicus Trullensium Vicus Turris *Mucaporis Vicus *Ulmetensium Vicus Urb(...) Vicus Ver(gob)rittiani Vidolm Vlahii Voivoda Yaila Zvalu Period R R R R R RL R R RL L L Modern Name / Location Palazul Mare? near Capidava near Ostrov BUL Kounino? BUL Anadolchioi? Pantelimon de Sus Rmnicul de Jos? near Cius BUL BUL Reference Poulter 1980, 739 Poulter 1980, 740 Poulter 1980, 740 Poulter 1980, 740 Poulter 1980, 740 TIR Romula 76; Poulter 1980, 740 Poulter 1980, 740 Poulter 1980, 740 See Map 21 TIR Romula 78 Velkov 1977, 106; Milchev 1984 A.G. Poulter See Map 21

341

Aqueducts
Grid B6 C5 Location Philippopolis (2) Nicopolis ad Istrum (2) Period RL RL Reference Kesyakova 1983 Poulter 1995, 6

Bridges
Grid A1 B5 Location Samum Valeriana Period R Reference See Map 21 Tudor 1974, 19-29

Earthworks
Grid B4 C5 Name / Location Brazda lui Novac de Nord Brazda lui Novac de Sud Period L Reference See Map 21 Tudor 1968a, 256-58; TIR Romula 28

Quarries
Grid A2 A2 Location Baciu Cheia Material M M Reference See Map 21 Baciu See Map 21 Cheia

342

MAP 22 MOESIA INFERIOR

Roads
Itinerary Napoca Gherla Brncoveneti Salinae Napoca Apulum Arutela Romula Sucidava Oescus Map 21 Apulum Caput Stenarum Hoghiz Angustia? Piroboridava Homorod Odorheiu Secuiesc Angustia? Comidava Albota Gresia Flamnda Comidava S Pons Vetus Titeti Copaceni Radacineti Arutela Map 21 Pelendava Caculateti S Pelendava Romula Slaveni Izlaz Sucidava Augustae SW Augustae Oescus Novae Durostorum Carsium Troesmis Noviodunum Aegyssus Thalamonium Oescus Vicus Trullensium SW Oescus Ad Putea Melta Viamata Philippopolis Map 21 Vicus Trullensium Melta Nicopolis ad Istrum Marcianopolis Odessus Sparata Philippopolis Beroe Kabyle Deultum Apollonia Pontica Thynias Map 21 Golyamo Belovo area S (2 routes) Dimum Emporium Discoduraterae Seuthopolis Doriones Giridava Novae Novae SSE Emporium Discoduraterae Novae Nicopolis ad Istrum Kabyle S Iatrus Nicopolis ad Istrum Emporium Discoduraterae Sub Radices Seuthopolis Beroe Arzus SE Viamata Diocletianopolis Douvanli Cillis? Pizus Arzus Sexaginta Prista Abritus Shoumen Durostorum Marcianopolis Scatrae Anchialus Deultum Tarpodizo Deultum Anchialus Odessus Dionysopolis Tirizis Callatis Tomis Histria Argamum E Altinum Tropaeum Traiani Tomis Tropaeum Traiani Vicus Ulmet(ensi)um (L)Ibida Noviodunum Carsium Vicus Ulmet(ensi)um Vicus Clement(...) (L)Ibida Aegyssus Enisala Topraichioi NW Jijila Dinogetia Period R RL R R R R R R R RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL Reference TIR Aquincum; TIR Romula TIR Aquincum; TIR Romula; Ctniciu 1981, fig. 41 TIR Aquincum TIR Romula TIR Romula TIR Romula A.G. Poulter TIR Romula TIR Aquincum; TIR Naissus TIR Aquincum; TIR Romula TIR Naissus TIR Romula; Poulter 1995, 5, 9 Poulter 1995, 9 Maddjarov 1990, 18-29 Poulter 1995, 5,9 Poulter 1995, 9 Hoddinott 1975, Map 2; Poulter 1995, 9 Poulter 1995, 9 Poulter 1995, 5, 9 Poulter 1995, 5 Poulter 1995, 9 Poulter 1995, 5 Poulter 1995, 9 Maddjarov 1990, 18-29 Poulter 1995, 9 Poulter 1995, 9 Poulter 1995, 9 TIR Romula; Poulter 1995, 9 TIR Romula TIR Romula TIR Romula TIR Romula TIR Romula TIR Romula

Wall
Grid B4 Name / Location Limes Transalutanus, Flmnda to Albota Period R Reference Ctniciu 1981, 31-37

MAP 22 MOESIA INFERIOR

343

Unlocated Toponyms
Name Acrae Ad Salices Adina Aedabe Ag. Kyrillos Albokensioi Alincum Amlaidina Anagonkli Anartoi Ankyriana *Ansamenses Antoninon Aodi Aphrodisias Arina Artanes fl. Arzos fl. *Asbolodina Asgarzos Asgizous Asilba Ausdecenses Authiparou Baika Balentiniana Bargus fl. Basibounon Baskon Bassidina Basternas Bekis Bekouli Belaidipara Belastyras Beledina Bepara Bereiaros Bergison Beripara Beripara Beros Bia Bidigis Biephoi Birginaso Bisdina Bismapha Bodas Bona Mansio Bospara Bredas Buaticum Burdipta/ Burdenis Calabaeus fl. Capora Castris Novis Period L RL L L L R L R L R L L R R L C R R L L L R L L L R L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L R L L L L RL L L RL RL R L RL Probable Location Scythia Minor between Histria and Vallis Domitiana near Palmatis between Augustae and Variana? Scythia Minor between Tyras and Porolissum Scythia Minor Haemimontus Scythia Minor or Moesia II Haemimontus tribe between Haemus and Danube Scythia Minor Moesia II Thrace near Callatis Haemimontus Haemimontus Moesia II tribe near Tropaeum Traiani Haemimontus Haemimontus Scythia Minor or Moesia II tributary of Hebros fl. Haemimontus Thrace Moesia II Moesia II Moesia II Haemimontus Thrace Haemimontus Moesia II Thrace Thrace Thrace Thrace Moesia II, or same as above Haemimontus Haemimontus Moesia II Moesia II or Scythia Minor Moesia II Scythia Minor or Moesia II Moesia II = Lissas? Thrace Haemimontus between Thera and Thynias between Subzupara and Hadrianoupolis near Histria between Tyras and Porolissum between Pelendava and Romula Reference Velkov 1977, 111 TIR Romula 21 Beevliev 1970, 126 Velkov 1977, 92 TIR Romula 63 TIR Romula 80 TIR Romula 22 TIR Romula 23 Beevliev 1970, 135 TIR Romula 80 Beevliev 1970, 146 TIR Romula 80 Beevliev 1970, 134 Pliny, NH 4.41 Pliny, NH 4.44 Beevliev 1970, 141 Hdt. 4.49 RE TIR Romula 24 Beevliev 1970, 137 Beevliev 1970, 138 Beevliev 1970, 142 TIR Romula 24 Beevliev 1970, 136 Beevliev 1970, 136 Beevliev 1970, 146 RE 1 Beevliev 1970, 139 Beevliev 1970, 133 Beevliev 1970, 144 Beevliev 1970, 141 Beevliev 1970, 145 Beevliev 1970, 139 Beevliev 1970, 132 Beevliev 1970, 135 Beevliev 1970, 144 Beevliev 1970, 132 Beevliev 1970, 129 Beevliev 1970, 131 Beevliev 1970, 71 Beevliev 1970, 71 Beevliev 1970, 135 Beevliev 1970, 135 Beevliev 1970, 140-41 TIR Romula 80 TIR Romula 78; Beevliev 1970, 146 Beevliev 1970, 142-43 Beevliev 1970, 146 Beevliev 1970, 141 ItMiller 536 Beevliev 1970, 128 Beevliev 1970, 135 ItMiller 514 ItMiller 538 TIR Romula 29 TIR Romula 30 Tudor 1968, 357

344 Name Castris Rubris Cheroinon Chrysanthos Cimbrianae Clariae Constantiana Daphne Cumidavenses Dagis Dalatarba Daousdaua Debre Deixas Deoniana Dertallos Diggion Dimo Diniskarta Dordas Drasdea Eisdikaia Emporion Taurokephalon Ergamia Erkoulente Ermerium Eumenia Gemellomountes Genoukla Gesila Phossaton Getrinas Getristaous Grapso Hylasianai Hymauparoubri In Medio Ioustinianoupolis Iscina Isgipera Itzes Kabotoumba Kapistouria Karberos Karpoudaimon *Kasianon Kasibonon Kastellonobo Katassou Kaukoensioi Keiagisoi Keriparon Kistidizos Kleisoura Konstantiana Kopoustoros *Koryolen kome Period RL L L L R L R R L R L L L L L L L L L L L L L L R L R L L L L L L RL L L L L L L L R R L L L R R L L L L L R

MAP 22 MOESIA INFERIOR Probable Location between Burdipta and Rhamis Haemimontus Haemimontus between Durostorum and Altinum tribe between Haemus and Danube left bank of Danube, opposite Transmarisca near Histria Haemimontus between Danube and Haemus Haemimontus Haemimontus Moesia II Thrace Thrace Moesia II, or = Dimum? Moesia II Haemimontus Thrace Thrace Thrace Scythia Minor or Moesia II, or = Argamum Moesia II between Tyras and Porolissum Scythia Minor Moesia II Scythia Minor Haemimontus Haemimontus Haemimontus Moesia II Haemimontus Thrace between Orudizsa ad Burgum and Hadrianoupolis Moesia II between Tyras and Porolissum Thrace Scythia Minor or Moesia Inferior Haemimontus Thrace Haemimontus Thrace Scythia Minor Haemimontus Scythia Minor or Moesia II Scythia Minor or Moesia II Haemimontus Moesia II Haemimontus near Histria Scythia Minor or Moesia II near Odessus Reference ItMiller 537 Beevliev 1970, 134 Beevliev 1970, 136 TIR Romula 32 Pliny, NH 4.41 TIR Romula 37 TIR Romula 80 TIR Romula 37 Beevliev 1970, 128 Ptol. 3.10.6 Beevliev 1970, 138 Beevliev 1970, 138 Beevliev 1970, 140 Beevliev 1970, 133 Beevliev 1970, 131 Beevliev 1970, 140 Beevliev 1970, 144 Beevliev 1970, 136 Velkov 1977, 131 Beevliev 1970, 131 Beevliev 1970, 132 Beevliev 1970, 149 Beevliev 1970, 139 TIR Romula 41 TIR Romula 41 Beevliev 1970, 142 TIR Romula 43 Beevliev 1970, 134 Beevliev 1970, 135 Beevliev 1970, 138 Beevliev 1970, 143 Beevliev 1970, 136 Beevliev 1970, 132 Velkov 1977, 196 Beevliev 1970, 142 TIR Romula 47 Beevliev 1970, 129 Beevliev 1970, 146 Beevliev 1970, 137-38 Beevliev 1970, 129 Beevliev 1970, 138 Ptol. 3.11.7 TIR Romula 30 Beevliev 1970, 133-34 Beevliev 1970, 113 Beevliev 1970, 148 TIR Romula 80 TIR Romula 80 Beevliev 1970, 133 Beevliev 1970, 141 Beevliev 1970, 136 TIR Romula 34 Beevliev 1970, 145 Poulter 1980, 739

MAP 22 MOESIA INFERIOR Name Kotensioi Kouestris Koupron Kouskauri Kouskouli Koutzousoura Kreas Kyntodemon Kyridana Laikos Pyrgos Lapidarias Larisa Libistus Lissas Loukernariabourgou Lyginos fl. Markerota Markerota Markerota Markianon *Maskiobrias Mauroballe *Maxentium Mediolanum Metallos Monteregine Mourideba Nikomedeon Niskonis Nobeioustiniana Noes fl. Nono Oboulensioi Opisena Orkelis Orudisza ad Burgum Ostaphos Oualla Ounno Ourdaous Ozorme Padisara *Palatiolum Parthenopolis Pauli Mandra Pedoniana Perburdava Perontikon Peuke Oros Phossaton Picusculus fl. Piephigoi Plateypegiae Polis Kastellon Pons Ucasi Potamou Kastellon Period R RL L L L L L L L R L HR R RL L HR L L L R L L L L L L L L L C L R R R RL R R L L L L L R L RL R R R L R R L L RL L Probable Location Scythia Minor or Moesia II Scythia Minor Moesia II Moesia II Thrace Scythia Minor or Moesia II on Danube, E Securisa Haemimontus near Histria E Oescus, Dacia Ripensis village in Naulochos area Scythia Minor NW Bessapara near Lapidarias? Moesia II; Kamtschik? Haemimontus Moesia II, or same as above Haemimontus near Abritus Moesia II between Tegris and *Quinto between Trimammium and Appiaria Moesia II Moesia II?, or confusion with Locidae Regi Scythia Minor or Moesia II Scythia Minor Scythia Minor or Moesia II Scythia Minor or Moesia II Moesia II Moesia Inferior = Pizus? Thrace between Kabyle and In Medio Thrace Thrace on Danube near *Palatiolum Thrace Thrace, = Zyrmis? Moesia II = Oescus? Scythia Minor Scythia Minor or Moesia II E Valeriana near Novae S Tonzos? E Carpathians? Moesia II near Histria Danube mouth Moesia II E Succorum Angustiae Thrace Reference TIR Romula 80 Beevliev 1970, 126 TIR Romula 35 Beevliev 1970, 142 Beevliev 1970, 142 Beevliev 1970, 99 Beevliev 1970, 148 Beevliev 1970, 123 Beevliev 1970, 139 TIR Romula 48 Velkov 1977, 92 Strabo 9.5.19 Pliny, NH 4.44 ItAnt 136.2 Velkov 1977, 92 RE Beevliev 1970, 60 Beevliev 1970, 60 Beelvliev 1970, 141 Beevliev 1970, 139 Poulter 1980, 739 Beevliev 1970, 145 Beevliev 1970, 124 Velkov 1977, 67 Beevliev 1970, 141 Beevliev 1970, 144-45 Beevliev 1970, 146 TIR Romula 53 Beevliev 1970, 148 Beevliev 1970, 148 Hdt. 4.49 Beevliev 1970, 143 Ptol. 3.10.4 Ptol. 3.11.7 Ptol. 3.11.7 Velkov 1977, 196 Ptol. 3.11.7 Ptol. 3.11.7 Beevliev 1970, 121 Beevliev 1970, 132-33 Beevliev 1970, 129 Beevliev 1970, 146 Beevliev 1970, 121 TIR Romula 56 Beevliev 1970, 148 ItMiller 503 Poulter 1980, 739 Ptol. 3.11.3 Ptol. 3.5.5 Beevliev 1970, 142 TIR Romula 58 TIR Romula 80 TIR Romula 58 Beevliev 1970, 141 ItMiller 535 Beevliev 1970, 131

345

346 Name Potoulatensioi Poulchra Theodora Pousinon Predauensioi Preidis Presidio Probinou Probinus Pteron Akron *Quinto Rakoule Ranilum Ratakensioi Residina Rhamis Rhocobae Roubousta Sadame Sakissos Saldensioi Salmorude Saltoupyrgos Sanpeus fl. Sarmathon Scaugdae Scedeba Sebastopolis Sekepedon Skariotasaloukra Skatrina Skemnas Skitakes Skythias Sitioenta Solbanou Souras Spathizos Spibyros *Stratonis Turris Sturum Subzupara Syrmus fl. Tamasidaua Tamonbari Taurokomon Teesimonte Terta Teuriskoi Theodoropolis Theodoroupolis Thera/ Tira Therma Thokyodis Period R L L R L L L L R L L RL R L RL R L RL L R RL L R L R L L L L L L L L R L L L L RL R RL R R L L L R R L L RL L L

MAP 22 MOESIA INFERIOR Probable Location Scythia Minor or Moesia II Thrace Scythia Minor or Moesia II Scythia Minor or Moesia II Haemimontus Haemimontus, or same as above between Danube mouth and Histria between *Maxentium and Transmarisca Haemimontus between Philippopolis and Carassura Moesia II between Castris Rubris and Burdenis Scythia Minor Moesia II between Deultum and Tarpodizo Thrace = Halmyris? Danube bank, Moesia II near Histria Haemimontus tribe between Haemus and Danube Scythia Minor Thrace Scythia Minor Thrace Moesia II, perhaps same as Scatrae Thrace Thrace Moesia II E Noviodunum Thrace Haemimontus Moesia II Moesia II between Tomis and Callatis between Tyras and Porolissum between Arzus and Burdipta tributary of Hebros fl. close to Hierasos fl. Thrace Haemimontus Haemimontus Thrace between Securisca and Iatrus Haemimontus between Apollonia Pontica and Buaticum Moesia II Haemimontus Reference TIR Romula 80 Beevliev 1970, 148 Beevliev 1970, 132 TIR Romula 80 Beevliev 1970, 147 Beevliev 1970, 148-49 Beevliev 1970, 134 Beevliev 1970, 134 TIR Romula 59 Beevliev 1970, 124 Beevliev 1970, 135 ItMiller 537 TIR Romula 80 Beevliev 1970, 143 ItMiller 537 TIR Romula 61 Velkov 1977, 102 ItAnt 230.1 Beevliev 1970, 131 TIR Romula 80 TIR Romula 44 TIR Romula 63 TIR Romula 63 Beevliev 1970, 136 Pliny, NH 4.41 TIR Romula 64 Velkov 1977, 132 TIR Romula 65 Beevliev 1970, 132 Beevliev 1970, 139-40 Beevliev 1970, 129-30 Beevliev 1970, 132 Beevliev 1970, 9 Ptol. 3.10.5 Beevliev 1970, 133 Beevliev 1970, 135-36 Beevliev 1970, 141 Beevliev 1970, 141 TIR Romula 69 TIR Romula 69 ItAnt 137.1 RE Ptol. 3.10.8 Beevliev 1970, 129 Beevliev 1970, 137 Beevliev 1970, 138 Ptol. 3.11.7 Ptol. 3.8.3 Velkov 1977, 103-104 Beevliev 1970, 72 ItMiller 514 Beevliev 1970, 142 Beevliev 1970, 135

MAP 22 MOESIA INFERIOR Name Thrasarichou Tibiska Tilikion Tillito Timogritia/ Timum Tira= Thera Tirepsum To Oukou Tonzos Tou Agiou Ioulianou Tou Agiou Theodorou Tou Agiou Traianou Touleous Touroules Tres Protomae Trissa/ Tirissa Tzasklis Tzitaetous Tzoides Tzonpolegon Tzyeidon Urgum Vallis Domitiana Vicus (...)diano Vicus Agatapara Vicus Carporum *Vicus Narcissiani Vicus Oual(...) Vicus Parsal(...) Vicus Pereprus Vicus Saprisara Vicus Secundini Vicus Tautiomosis Zaldapa Zargidaua Zdebren Zemarkou Zetnoukortou Zigkyro Zisnoudeba Zositerson Zygere Zyrmis Period L R L L RL L L R L L L L L R RL L L L L L R RL R R L R R R R R R R L R L L L L L L R RL Probable Location Haemimontus between Danube and Haemus Scythia Minor?, or = Tegulitium Scythia Minor or Moesia II, or = Tegulitium between Callatis and Dionysopolis between Tyras and Porolissum Haemimontus on Tonzos fl.? Haemimontus Haemimontus Thrace Thrace Moesia II Scythia Minor Scythia Minor Scythia Minor or Moesia II Haemimontus Haemimontus Haemimontus Haemimontus between Tyras and Porolissum between Halmyris and Ad Salices near Marcianopolis Thrace near Carsium near Tomis near Callatis near Histria near Melta near Nicopolis ad Istrum near Histria near Krivodol BUL Moesia II close to Hierasos fl. Haemimontus Haemimontus Dacia Ripensis Thrace Moesia II Thrace Scythia Minor between Bessapara and Philippopolis Reference Beevliev 1970, 136 Ptol. 3.10.6 TIR Romula 71 TIR Romula 71 Velkov 1977, 113 GeogRav 4.5 Beevliev 1970, 134 Ptol. 3.11.7 Beevliev 1970, 135 Beevliev 1970, 134 Beevliev 1970, 133 Beevliev 1970, 130 Beevliev 1970, 141-42 TIR Romula 73 Velkov 1977, 113 Beevliev 1970, 148 Beevliev 1970, 135 Velkov 1977, 116 Beevliev 1970, 139 Beevliev 1970, 138-39 TIR Romula 76 TIR Romula 77 Poulter 1980, 740 Poulter 1980, 738 TIR Romula 77 Poulter 1980, 739 Poulter 1980, 740 Poulter 1980, 739 Poulter 1980, 739 Poulter 1980, 739 Poulter 1980, 740 Poulter 1980, 740 Velkov 1977, 109 Ptol. 3.10.8 Beevliev 1970, 136 Beevliev 1970, 133 Velkov 1977, 89 Beevliev 1970, 133 Beevliev 1970, 141 Beevliev 1970, 131 TIR Romula 79 ItMiller 535-36

347

348

MAP 22 MOESIA INFERIOR

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MAP 22 MOESIA INFERIOR

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