ABSTRACT

A technique for finding the strongest signals power and direction using a receiver system in the lower UHF band is presented. For this purpose, a log-periodic dipole array antenna, a power sensing RF circuit and a microcontroller system for controlling a stepper motor are designed and tested. The receiver system rotates the antenna 360 degrees in azimuth with the stepper motor and measures RF power. The measured power is represented in the form of a DC voltage and stored in the memory of the microcontroller for comparison. Once the strongest signal and its direction are found, the antenna is rotated to that position and locked. In radio receiver applications the wanted signal may be small where there may be high level unwanted interferer signals. Unless these signals are rejected, they may saturate the nonlinear components at the RF front end and create in band interference to the wanted signal. This will hamper the detection of the wanted signal, and in extreme cases make it impossible. This is undesired in military RADAR applications as well as in wireless communications. Therefore, a mechanism is needed that may detect the direction and strength of a particular interferer. This information than may be used to suppress the unwanted interferers and enhance the Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) of a radio receiver detecting the location of a RADAR, cell phone, base station or a jammer transmitter in the proximity.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

In the environment there are unwanted signals are present the receiver system rotates the antenna in 360 degrees in azimuth with stepper motor. This RF power sensing unit measures the power and the measured power is represented in the format a DC voltage and stored in the memory of the microcontroller for comparison. When the antenna sweeps one complete rotation, The microcontroller compares the all values and find out the maximum value which it gets and it also find the direction of maximum power revised the microcontroller give commands to stepper motor in which direction the antenna should rotates that is in the direction of maximum signals received hence we find out the direction of maximum interference signal in the filtering circuit unit may can use these information to suppress the interference signal.

LITERATURE SURVEY
Our main project topic is based on IEEE paper, Volkan Turgul, Meltem Dirim, Sukru B. Bilgin, Halil I. Gok, Tayfun Nesimoglu, Broadband Signal Search and Direction Finding at UHF Frequencies, Middle East Technical University Northern Cyprus Campus Mersin 10, Turkey. In that paper we got the information about working model of the project, block diagram,circuit diagram of the project but we cannot find any application of our project . we came to know that HD tv is using broad band signal . we took the project report ofbroadband antenna for DTV reception by Tyler Clerk . In Broad Band antenna for DTV reception we came to know that they using Uagi-Unda antenna and there is no need of rotating ,finding maximum direction of radiation field . we came to know that our project is not suitable for HDTV. In T. Nesimoglu, Z. Charalampopoulos and M. A. Beach, Interference Suppression in Radio Receivers by using Frequency Retranslation, IEEE Wireless and Microwave Technology Conference, Florida, USA, April 2009. The paper says that , In the presence of a strong received signal, non-linear radio frequency (RF) front-end components generate distortion products that add interference to a wanted signal. In this paper, an interference suppression technique using frequency retranslation is presented. When the wanted signal level is high, experimental results show a suppression of intermediation distortion (IMD) by 25 dB. When a small wanted signal is received along with high level interferers, the technique suppresses interferers. The received wanted signal is high; the RF frontend components will operate in the non-linear region and will generate IMD products adding interference to the wanted signal. If the wanted signal is small but it is received along with a large interferer signal, IMD of the interferers may add in-band interference to the wanted channel. This makes it more difficult or, in the extreme case, impossible for the receiver to correctly detect the weak wanted signal. From this we came to know using frequency retranslation method we can suppers the unwanted signal. In a reconfigurable radio application, the frequency of operation is variable since the receiver is required to handle multiple standards. Therefore, rejecting strong nearby interferers necessitates a flexible filter fully tunable over a broad bandwidth with high selectivity; such a filter is difficult to realize. In order to alleviate the in band interference and non-linearity problem, automatic gain control and digital attenuators are used to provide back-off. This reduces the dynamic range in which the receiver can be used. Alternatively linearization and interferer suppression techniques may be used. The first one improves the linearity of the RF front-end and the latter suppresses high level interferers to an acceptable level and prevents them from adding in-band interference to the wanted signal. Therefore, flexible filtering, linearization and interferer suppression are regarded as "enabling technologies" In the the next IEEE

paper B. J. Harker, Z.Dobrosavljevic, E. P. Craney, C. M. Tubb, G. L. Harris, Dynamic range improvements and measurements in radar systems, IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, Volume 1, Issue 6, Dec. 2007 Pages:398 406. We got information about the extension of the dynamic range performance of existing radar system. The extension of the dynamic range performance of existing radar systems is integral to the requirement for current sensors to see deeper into clutter, that is, to detect weak signals (e.g. small targets) in the presence of strong interference (e.g. urban clutter signals). The rationale behind this requirement is that this additional capability greatly enhances the utility of military and commercial systems. Two approaches to improving the dynamic range of modern radar and surveillance receivers are described: (1) linearization of intermediation distortion (IMD) using digital post-distortion algorithms and (2) linearization of IMD using frequency retranslation mixer (FRM). In radar, a problem exists when trying to detect small targets in a highly cluttered environment. In particular, urban clutter and jamming can quickly drive the receiver front-end low noise amplifiers, mixers and analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) into their nonlinear operating region and thereby suppress sensitivity to small targets. Applications for dynamic range enhancement methods include complex electronic sensors such as advanced multi-function radar (MFR); phase array radar; electronic surveillance measures; advanced biostatic radar; active microwave/millimeter-wave imagers. Other applications include radio/wireless communications systems such as cellular systems, mobile telephone base stations; 3G (UMTS), 4G (OFDM-MIMO), ultrawide band (UWB) systems. Frequency retranslation method The frequency retranslation mixer (FRM) method works on the principle of pre-distorting the input to the main mixer. In the FRM method, the ideal pre-distorted signal is of equal magnitude but in anti-phase with the distortion introduced by the mixer stage. Hence, at the output of the mixer after down conversion, the nonlinear distortion is cancelled. The architecture of the frequency retranslation scheme generates the pre-distortion via a feedback loop by first up converting the distorted intermediate frequency (IF) signal. It then adds, in anti-phase, a scaled version of the input radio frequency (RF) signal so as to generate an error signal containing only the fed back nonlinearity. This measure of distortion is then fed back after scaling and phase adjustment. Next we referred some textbooks ANTENNA THEORY: ANALYSIS AND DESIGN, 2ND ED by Balanis and Antennas and Wave Propagation by Bakshi U A form that textbooks we got the informations about log periodic antenna. In the website www.antennatheory.com we got the informations about the basic consepts of antenna

WORK IN PROGRESS
In 30/07/2013 we went to the company SPECTURM for doing our project in that firm but they are in under construction of their company so some of the antenna measuring equipment s cannot use. Hence in 2/8/2013 we went to the next company VERDENT at that time they are busy with some of defence projects so they rejected our projects . In 8/8/2012 we went cezz but we cannot enter it. In 13/8/2013 we went ernakulam we enquired almost 8+ project centers but they are not doing antenna based projects .In 4/9/2013 we again went to VERDENT at that time they are agreed to do our project in their firm.