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Quiz 6

Submitted by Saldana, Edgar (edgarsaldana) on 11/4/2013 11:33:52 PM Points Awarded Points Missed 10.00 0.00

Points Ungraded 10.00 1. Vertical elevation differences in a local landscape are referred to as A) relief B) an order of relief C) topography D) crust. Points Earned: 1.0/1.0

Correct Answer(s): A

2. The undulating form that gives Earth's surface its character and general configuration is called A) relief B) an order of relief. C) topography D) crust Points Earned: 1.0/1.0

Correct Answer(s): C

3. A hypsographic curve is A) a graph that shows the change in temperature with depth below the surface of a continent. B) a graph that shows the change in temperature with depth below the surface of the ocean floor. C) a generalized curve showing the Earth's surface by elevation in relation to sea level. D) a graph that shows Earth is of relatively high relief. Points Earned: 1.0/1.0

Correct Answer(s): C

4. The nucleus of old crystalline rock in each of the principal continental masses is called a A) basalt mass. B) continental shield, or craton. C) mountain mass. D) composite zone. Points Earned: 1.0/1.0

Correct Answer(s): B

5. Which of the following is incorrectly matched? A) strain - stress-induced B) compression - shortening or folding C) tension - stretching or faulting D) shearing - stretching or faulting Points Earned: 1.0/1.0

Correct Answer(s): D

6. High mountains consisting of tightly folded and overthrust sedimentary rock layers, as well as metamorphic rocks, are formed A) along midocean ridges during seafloor spreading activity and are subsequently uplifted above sea level in response to isostatic

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Quiz 6

processes. B) during plate collisions. C) during volcanic eruptions. D) in continental rift zones. Points Earned: 1.0/1.0

Correct Answer(s): B

7. Orogenesis refers to A) the beginning of extensive faulting. B) a general term for the beginning of a mountain-building episode that thickens continental crust. C) a general thinning of the crust. D) the formation of mountains without faulting, folding, or the capture of migrating terranes. Points Earned: 1.0/1.0

Correct Answer(s): B

8. The motion of seismic waves is initiated in a subsurface area along the fault plane called the A) epicenter B) fault area. C) Richter zone. D) focus, or hypocenter. Points Earned: 1.0/1.0

Correct Answer(s): D

9. An instrument used to record vibrations in the crust is the A) land barometer. B) seismograph C) the Richter scale. D) tiltmeter Points Earned: 1.0/1.0

Correct Answer(s): B

10. Molten rock that pours forth on Earth's surface is called A) metamorphic B) magma C) intrusive D) lava Points Earned: 1.0/1.0

Correct Answer(s): D

11. Explain how the effects of an earthquake the magnitude of the New Madrid earthquakes of 1811 and 1812 would differ from the original earthquakes if it were to happen today in the same location. Why?

I tw i l ld i f f e rb e c a u s es i n c et h es t r u c t u r ei sa l r e a d yw e a kf r o mt h ee a r t h q u a k e si nt h e1 8 0 0 ' s ,t h e e f f e c t sw i l lj u s tb r e a kt h eR e e l f o o tR i f t .T h ei n s t r u m e n t a li n t e n s i t yw i l lb ew o r s eb e c a u s eo ft h e d a m a g ea l r e a d yd o n ei nt h ez o n e .T H eo r g i n i n a lw a

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Quiz 6

Correct Due to a combination of soil types, population density, and a lack of building codes that emphasize seismic safety, another quake Answer(s): the size of the New Madrid earthquakes would be devastating to the area. Many people will be killed or injured and much devastation to the built up environment will occur. This will impact the rest of the United States economically. Earthquakes in the central or eastern United States affect much larger areas than earthquakes of similar magnitude in the western United States. Differences in geology east and west of the Rocky Mountains cause this strong contrast.

12. Explain how a supervolcano, such as the one in Yellowstone National Park, differs from a composite volcano, such as Mt. Rainer.

As u p e r v o l c a n oc a ng e te v e r yo n ei nt h ew o r l dw i t hl a v a .M t .R a i n e ri sm o r eo fac o n es h a p e . Y e l l o w s t o n ea r el o wa n dn o te a s i l yf o u n d .S u p e r v o l c a n o sa r en o tm o u n t a i n s ,t h e ym e l tw i t ht h ee a r t h ' s c r u s t .Y e l l o w s t o n ec a nc o v e ru pt o2 5 0 0k i l o m e t e r sa n dM t .R a i n e ro n l y1k i l o m e t e r .S u p e r v o l c a n o s e r u p te v e r ya l m o s t1 0 , 0 0 0y e a r sa n dc o m p o s i t el e s st h e nt h a t .

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Correct Normal volcanoes are formed by a column of magma - molten rock - rising from deep within the Earth, erupting on the surface, Answer(s): and hardening in layers down the sides. This forms the familiar cone shaped mountain we associate with volcanoes. Supervolcanoes, however, begin life when magma rises from the mantle to create a boiling reservoir in the Earth's crust. This chamber increases to an enormous size, building up colossal pressure until it finally erupts. The explosion would send ash, dust, and sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, reflecting the sun's rays and creating a cold wave lasting several years. Crops in many areas would fail and many species of animals and plants would face extinction.

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