LXTHỆ THỐNG PHAN PHỐI KHI VVT I PDF

Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
B GIO DC V O TO
TRNG I HC TIN GIANG
KHOA K THUT
TIU LUN TT NGHIP

Ti :
H THNG PHAN PHI KHI THNG MINH VVT - I
( VARIABLE VALVE TIMING INTELLIGENT SYSTEM )
GVHD: NGUYN HUYNH THI
SVTH: NGUYN THANH TUYEN
MSSV: 008306018
TP. MY THO , thang 6 ,nm 2011
NHN XT CUA CN HNG DAN B
GVHD: NGUYN HUYNH THI SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYEN 1
Ho va tn sinh vin : Nguyn Thanh Tuyn
Nganh : Co Khi Dng Luc
Lop: Cao Dng Co Khi 08
Tn d tai : H Thng Phn Phi Khi Thng Minh VVT-I Trn T
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Kt lun:
M Tho , ngay .,thang...,nm 2011
CAN BO HUNG DN
(Ky va ghi r ho tn)
NHN XET CUA GIANG VIN PHAN BIN
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GIANG VIN PHAN BIN
(Ky va ghi r ho tn)
NI DUNG
CHONG I : GII THIU SO LC V CO CU PHAN PHI KHI

CUA NG CO T TRONG
CHONG II : GII THIU CC CO CU PHAN PHI KHI THNG
MINH
Sau mt thoi gian thuc hin , voi su huong dn cua thy Nguyn Huynh
Thi , dn nay d tai cua ti d duoc hoan thanh . Mc du co nhiu ngun tai liu
dt bit nhu la trn Internet rt nhiu , nhung do kin thuc va thoi gian co han
kho tranh khoi nhung say lm thiu sot , rt mong su dong gop y kin cua quy
thy c va cac ban d bai tiu lun cua ti duoc hoan thin hon .
Qua dy em chn thanh cam on thy Nguyn Huynh Thi d goi thiu d tai
rt hay d chung em hoc va nghin cuu .
M Tho , thang 06/2011
Sinh vin thuc hin
Nguyn Thanh Tuyn
MC LC
Li ni u. .........................................................................................................
CHONG I : GII THIU SO LC V CO CU PHAN PHI KHI
CUA NG CO T TRONG
1.1 Nhim v :................................................................................
1.2 Yu cu : ..................................................................................
1.3 Phn loi co cu phn phi kh cua dng co dt trong .......
1.4 Mt s h thng phn phi kh o dng co dt trong ...
CHONG II : GII THIU CC CO CU PHAN PHI KHI THNG
MINH.
2.1 Gii thiu so loc :
2.2 H thng phi kh VVT-I :.....................................................
2.2.1 Lch s hnh thnh h thng phn phi kh VVT. .............................
2.2.2 Cu to : ..........................................................................................
2.2.3gu!"n #$ hot %&ng. .........................................................................
2.2.' T()c c*+ , h thng phi kh th-ng +inh .VVT/i0:........................
2.3 Cng ngh VVTL-I cua HONDA .........................................
2.3.1 Cu to ............................................................................................
2.3.2 gu!"n #$ hot %&ng:........................................................................
2.4 Cu to v hot dng cua h thng VTEC (VARYABLE
VALVE TIMING AND LIFT ELECTRONIC CONTROL )
cng ngh VTEC cua HONDA :................................................
2.'.1 Cu to. ...............................................................................................
2.'.2 gu!"n #$ hot 1&ng ..........................................................................
2.5 Tm hiu MVEC trn xe MISUBISHI :...............................
2.2.1 Cu to. ............................................................................................
2.2.2 gu!"n #$ hot %&ng. ........................................................................
2.6 Co cu VARIO CAM PLUS cua hang PORSCHE :..........
2.3.1 Cu to:............................................................................................
2.3.2 gu!"n #$ hot %&ng :. .....................................................................
2.7 Co cu EMVT : iu khin xuppap bng din : ..................
2.8 Co cu EVHS : din _ thuy lc : ...........................................
CHONG III : CC H HONG , PHONG PHP KIEM TRA V SUA
CHUA CO CU PHAN PHI KHI .
3.1 Hu ho ng cua co cu phi khi thung do 2 nguyn nhn :
Xu pa p dong khng kin v Xu pap la m vic co ting go :.........
3.2 Cc hu hng cua cc b phn tay di hnh trnh xupap :
3.3 Phuong php kim tra hu hng v co cu phn phi kh :
3.4 Kim tra cam bin : ................................................................
Kt lun .........................................................................................................
Ti liu tham kho .......................................................................................
LI NI AU
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Trong thoi dim vt gia leo thang hin nay , dt bit la gia xng , du dang
ngt ngung .Thi trong vic chon mua mt phuong tin giao thng di lai dt bit
la t thi nguoi tiu dung huong toi mt loai xe vua phai tin nghi vua tit kim
duoc nhin liu . H thng phn phi khi thng minh VVT-I d giai quyt duoc
vn d trn. Chng nhung vua tit kim duoc vn d nhin liu ma con vua giam
bot gy nhim mi truong .
Voi mt dich cung c va mo rng kim thuc chuyn mn , dng thoi lam
quen voi phong cach nhin cuu khoa hoc gop phn nng cao hiu qua phi khi
trn dng co dt trong . Ti d chon d tai nay lam tiu lun tt nghip .
Nguoi thuc hin
NGUYN THANH TUYEN
GVHD: NGUYN HUYNH THI SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYEN
CHONG I :
GII THIU SO LC V CO CU PHAN PHI KHI CUA NG CO
T TRONG .
1.1 Nhim v :
H thng phn phi khi co nhim v thuc hin qua trinh thay di khi.thai
sach khi ra khoi xylanh va nap dy hn hop hoc khi moi vao xylanh d dng co
lam vic lin tc.
1.2 Yu cu :
Dam bao thai sach va nap dy.
Cac xupap phai dng mo dung theo thoi dim quy dnh.
D mo phai lon d dong khi d lua thng.
Ca c xupap phai kin khit , tranh lot khi trong qua trinh nn va gian no.
H thng phai lam vic m du, tin cy cng chi phi thp.
Yu cu di voi h thng nap:
Cac duong dn khi phai duoc thit k dc bit d din khin luu luong , tc
d va chiu dn khng khi tt nht.
Cung cp khng khi d qut .
Cung cp khi sach cho tung xylanh theo yu cu chay hoan hao.
Giam ting n dong khi luu dng.
Say nong hn hop khi nhin liu di vao cac xylanh
Yu cu di voi h thng xa:
Dn khi xa cua dng co ra ngoai khng khi va giam tin n .
Lc va tiu huy khi xa dc .
1.3 Phn loi co cu phn phi kh cua dng co dt trong :
1) Co cu phn phi khi dung cam xupap .
2) Co cu phn phi khi dung van truot.
3) Co cu dung piston dong mo ca nap va ca xa ca dng co 2 ky.
4) Co cu phn phi khi dung b phn diu khin din t (CM) tin hiu
dn cun solenoid ,cac cun solenoid din co nhim v mo cac xupap.
Dng co Dieen s dng co cu xupap treo vi dung tich bun chay va t s
nn cao .
Dng co xng co th dung xupap treo hay dt.
Ngay nay thuong dung co cu xupap treo vi co cu nay co nhiu ua dim
hon so voi dung xupap dt. Cu tao lam cho bun chay gon, dy la diu kin
tin quyt d co t s nn cao va giam kha nng kich n cua dng co xng.cac
dong khi luu thng it b ngoc tn tht nho tao diu kin cho vic thai sach va
nap dy hon.
1.4 Mt s h thng phn phi kh o dng co dt trong
Co cu phn phi khi dung d thuc hin qua trinh thay khi: xa khi thai ra khoi
xilanh va nap dy hn hop hoc khng khi moi vao xilanh trong qua trinh lam
vic cua dng co, dam bao dong kin cac ca nap, ca xa trong qua trinh.
1. Co cu phn phi kh c xu pp treo:
Hinh 1.1 Co cu phn phi khi co xupap treo.
Co cu phn phi khi co xu pap treo (Hinh 1), cac xupap duoc b tri o phia
trn cua np may. H thng nap xa nay duoc dung hu ht trong dng co diesel
va dng co co xng co t s nn cao. Co cu xupap treo gm:
trc cam, con di, da dy, don ganh, lo xo, ng dn huong va d xupap.
Di voi co cu xupap treo co trc cam dt o phia trn np may. Thi co th khng
co da dy ma thay vao do la xich hoc banh rng. Va co th co hoc khng co
don ganh.
Khi trc cam quay, cam s truyn chuyn dng tnh tin cho con di lam
cho da dy chuyn dng tnh tin do do lam cho don ganh quay quanh trc don
ganh. Du don ganh s d ln dui xupap lam cho xupap chuyn dng tnh tin
di xung mo ca nap va xa d thuc hin qua trinh trao di khi. Vao luc cam
khng di con di thi lo xo xupap s gin ra, lam cho xupap chuyn dng di ln
dong ca nap va xa lai d thuc hin qua trinh nn, chay, gin no va sinh cng.
tu th nay, luc may con ngui, giua du don ganh va dui xupap s co khe ho,
goi la khe ho nhit. Nho no, khi may lam vic, do nong ln, xupap co gin no,
bung dt cng khng b hon hit.
2.Co cu phn phi kh c xu pp dng (xupp dt):
Hnh1. 2. Co cu phn phi kh c xu pp dng.
1 d xupap 2 xupap 3- ng dn huong xupap 4 lo xo xupap
5 mong hm hinh cn 6 da chn lo xo bulng diu chnh
8 dai c hm con di 10 trc cam.
Co cu phn phi khi co xupap dung trinh by trn (Hinh 1.2), loai nay
thuong dung o may xng. dy khng co da dy, don ganh, con di truc tip
truyn dng cho xupap 2. Thay di chiu cao tuyt di cua con di bng bu lng
va c hm 8 s diu chnh duoc khe ho nhit. Loai h thng nap xa co xupap
dung nay lam tng din tich bung dt nhung it chi tit hon so voi loai xupap
treo do do d tin cy khi lam vic cua loai nay cao hon h thng nap xa co
xupap treo. Va an toan hon loai xupap treo, vi gia s mong hm xupap co tut
ra, xupap cung khng roi vao xylanh, khng gy hu hongcho piston, xy lanh dc
bit khi khi dng co dang lam vic.
3. Co cu phn phi kh c trc cam truyn dng trc tip cho xupp:
Hinh 1.3. Co cu phn phi khi co xupap treo, trc cam dt trn np xupap.
1xupap xa 2lo xo xupap 3trc cam 4da tua 5bulng diu chnh
6thn xupap rng vanh tua 8mt tr da tua lo xo
Co cu phn phi khi co trc cam truyn dng truc tip cho xupap th
hin trn hinh v (Hinh 1.3). khi trc cam dt trn np xylanh, va cam truc tip
diu khin vic dong, mo xupap, khng qua con di, da dy, don ganh..
Tuy nhin h trc va hai cp banh rng cn co phuc tap, ch tao kho, nhung no
co uu dim la lam vic m hon, it gy ting n. Boi vi co cu nay khng co chi
tit lam vic theo chuyn dng tnh tin co dim dung nhu truong hop co don
ganh va da dy. Loai nay co xupap rng, ghp. Bulng 5 giup ta diu chnh
chiu dai xupap, s cho php diu chnh khe ho nhit (giu mt tua cua cam va
dui xupap). Tuy nhin, di voi xupap xa thuong lam vic o nhit d toi (300
400)0C. vi vy cac duong ren d b kt do han r, diu chnh bu lng 5 rt
kho. Lo xo xupap o dy co hai chic co d cung khac nhau, chiu qun nguoc
nhau va co chiu dai bng nhau. Nho vy tranh duoc su cng huong nn bn lu
hon. Voi may nho di khi nguoi ta duc lin mt khi, nhu vy khng diu chnh
duoc khe ho nhit. Trong truong hop nay, nha ch tao d khe ho nhit lon mt
chut, khi mon cang lon hon, nn co th co ting g khi may lam vic, nhung cu
tao don gian, am vic an toan.
4 Co cu phn phi kh c trc cam dt trn np xylanh nhung vn c
dn gnh:
Hnh 1.4 .So d co cu phn phi kh c trc cam dt trn np xylanh
nhung vn c dn gnh.
Co cu phn phi khi co trc cam dt trn np xylanh nhung vn co don
ganh duoc th hin trn hinh v (Hinh 4). Trc cam dt trn np xylanh, nhung
cam khng truc tip ty vao xupap ma thng qua don ganh s. Chuyn dng tu
trc khuu cho trc cam bng xich. Diu chnh khe ho nhit duoc thuc hin nho
vit diu chnh va c hm o du don ganh.
5.Co cu phn phi kh diu khin din t:
a. So d nguyn l tng ut:
H thng diu khin dng co theo chuong trinh bao gm cac cam bin
kim soat lin tc tinh trang hoat dng cua dng co, mt b CU tip nhn tin
hiu tu cam bin, x ly tin hiu va dua ra tin hiu diu khin dn co cu chp
hanh. Co cu chp hanh lun dam bao thua lnh CU va dap ung cac tin hiu
phan hi tu cac ca bin. Hoat dng cua h thng diu khin dng co dem lai su
chinh xac va thich ung cn thit d giam ti da cht dc hai trong khi thai cng
nhu luong tiu hao nhin liu. CU cng dam bao cng sut ti uu o cac ch d
hoat dng cua dng co, giup chn doan khi co su c xay ra. Diu khin dng co
bao gm diu khin phun nhin liu, diu khin danh la, diu khin goc phi
cam, diu khin ra tu dng.
Hnh1. 5 : So d cu trc cua h thng diu khin lp trnh
b. So d cu tao:
Hnh 1.6:So d cu to h thng diu khin kiu Valvetronic.
1:M to buoc 2:B truyn trc vit banh vit 3:Cn dn huong
4:Trc np cn dn huong 5: Don ganh 6:Lo xo xupap : Xupap.
H thng cung cp nhin liu kim soat s luong khng khi di qua c hong
buom ga va quyt dnh s luong nhin liu tuong ung ma dng co yu cu.
Buom ga mo cang rng thi luong khng khi di vao bung dt cang
nhiu. Tai vung hong buom ga, buom ga dong mt phn thm chi gn nhu dong,
nhung nhung piston vn con hoat dng, khng khi duoc ly vao tu mt phn cua
ng thng cua duong ng phn phi du vao, ng thng nm giua v tri buom ga
va bung dt co d chn khng thp ngn can tac dng cua su hut vao va bom
vao cua nhung piston, lam lng phi nng luong.Cac k su t noi dn hin
tuong nay nhu su bo phi nng luong khi co su bom. Dng co hoat dng cang
chm thi cac buom ga dong cang nhiu, va su lng phi nng luong cang lon.
Valvetronic giam ti thiu mt mat khi bom bng su giam bot su tng ln cua
trc van va s luong khng khi di vao bung chay. So voi nhung dng co cam
di kiu c voi su xut hin cua banh con ln co b phn dnh huong,
valvetronic s dng thm mt trc lch tm, mt m to din va mt s cn dy
(don ganh) trung gian, ma ln luot dn dng su dong va mo cua cac xupap. Nu
don ganh dy xung su, nhung van nap s b dy xung o v tri mo xupap lon
nht va lam cho tit din luu thng qua cac van la lon nht. Nhu vy, valvetronic
co kha nng nap nhiu, thoi gian nap dai (hanh trinh van lon) va qua trinh nap
duoc dy hoan toan, tit din luu thng nho (hanh trinh van ngn) tuy thuc vao
v tri dnh truoc trn dng co.
Co cu phi khi trc cam trn dnh
Hnh 1.7 : Phi kh trc cam trn dnh, trong DOHC.

Co cu phi khi trc cam trn dnh la thut ngu trong ngh d ch co cu diu
hanh su chuyn dng cua cac trong dng co t, nho vao cac dt trn dnh dng
co.Co mt s co cu thng dng nhu SOHC, DOHC,...SOHC
Hnh 1.8 : Co cu SOHC
Mt co cu SOHC SOHC (vit tt cho tu Single Over Head Camshat)
dung d ch co cu phi khi mt trc cam trn dnh. Trong co cu nay, duoc b
tri trong cm du xylanh (trn dnh piston), duoc dn dng boi xich cam va diu
khin xupap thng qua .
Uu dim cua co cu la do giam nhiu chi tit dn dng nn no hoat dng
n dnh hon, ngay ca o tc d cao.
Tuy nhin co cu nay cng co nhuoc dim la kha nng dap ung cua xupap
khng nhanh bng co cu DOHC.
Hnh 1. : Co cu DOHC
Co cu DOHC cua mt dng co cua OHC (vit tt cho tu ting Anh
Double Over Head Camshat) dung d ch co cu phi khi hai trc cam trn
dnh. Trong co cu nay, xupap nap va xupap xa duoc diu khin boi hai trc
cam ring bit. Co 2 loai co cu phi khi hai trc cam: loai co s dng co m va
loai khng s dng co m.
Co cu DOHC cho php thit k dang bung dt uu vit hon loai SOHC.
Kha nng dap ung va hoat dng cua xupap cng nhanh hon va chinh xac hon so
voi loai SOHC. Do vy, co cu nay duoc ap dng cho cac loai dng co cn tinh
nng cao, tc d cao (th , xe hoi).
CHONG II
GII THIU CC CO CU PHAN PHI KHI THNG MINH
2.1 GII THIU SO LC
Hinh 2.1 : Xupap thng minh
Xu huong phat trin cua t hin dai ngay nay la gia tng tc d cuc dai
tu 180-250 km dn 250-330 km/h va giam tiu hao nhin liu. Cac giai phap
duoc dua ra nhm tng tc d dng co la diu khin pha phi khi hoc thay di
hanh trinh xupap thng minh. Tip theo do nhiu hng xe lon trn th gioi d va
dang ap dng giai phap thu hai vao mc dich trn. Cac cng ngh nhu VVTL-i
cua Toyota VTC cua Honda MIVC cua Mitsubishi VALVTONIC cua
BM VVL cua Nissan ln luot xut hin d khng dnh tm quan trong cua
vn d nu trn. Bai vit ky nay chung ti s ln luot gioi thiu voi cac ban v
cac cng ngh nay.
Hin nay trn dng co t co nhiu ky hiu chu cai vit tt nhu: HONDA
goi la VTC hay i-VTC, VVT-i va VVTL-i cua Toyota.Chung nhm quang
ba cho cac cng ngh moi nht va tin tin cua hng nhung bn canh do khin
nguoi tiu dung khng th hiu ht duoc cac ki hiu phuc tap do.
Hnh 2.2 : H thng din khin bng thuy lc .
Duoi dy chung ti dua ra mt s giai thich co ban nhu sau:
- Trn t, cac loai dng co 4 ky hin dai ngay nay s dng co cu phi khi
thng minh ( co cu diu khin trc cam thng minh) nhm diu chnh thoi dim
dong mo xupap, pha phi khi mt cach tu dng hoc lam thay di d nng cua
xupap tu dng tuy thuc vao ch d lam vic cua dng co.
Hnh 2.3 : ng co VVT-I .
- HONDA co dng co VTC ( Variable Vale Timing and Lit lectronic
Control ): Pha phi khi va d mo van diu kin din t , H thng VTC hoat
dng ging nhu mt thit b nn hay mt tuc bin tng ap bng cach tao ra kha
nng cun cao va hiu sut tip nhin liu hiu qua d tao ra cng sut lon.
Hnh 2.4 : H thng VTEC
- Ngoai ra HONDA con co cac th h dng co nhu :VTC-: la h thng
b truyn dng van trong do hai ch d cam diu khin van co kich thuoc khac
nhau. Cam ngn hon cho php mt van mo voi d mo it va diu nay lam giam
muc tiu hao nhin liu. Ging h thng VTC ban du, khi dng co dat s
vong/phut lon hon, cht khoa khoa cam thit k cho vong tua cao va thoi gian
mo van duoc tng ln d dat duoc cng sut lon hon.
3STAG VTC: H thng nay s dng 3 ch d cam khac nhau hoat dng
o 3 pha. Mi cam diu khin mt pha thoi gian mo va nng van khac nhau.
i-VTC: (Intelligent VTC) la h thng diu khin van thanh cng nht tu
truoc toi nay cua hng HONDA va duoc ung dng trn nhiu mu xe. H thng
i-VTC duoc gioi thiu nm 2001 va s dng thit b diu chnh thoi gian van
nap bin thin lin tc va h thng quan ly do may tinh diu khin d ti uu hoa
m men xon va hiu sut s dng nhin liu.
AVTC: Advanced VTC duoc hng HONDA gioi thiu nm 2006. H
thng nay kt hop nhung loi th cua h thng i-VTC voi h thng diu khin
pha bin thin lin tc. Hng HONDA cho bit h thng AVTC s cho php
tit kim 13 nhin liu so voi h thng i-VTC va giam toi 5 khi thai so
voi tiu chun nm 2005. Tuy vy, cho dn nay, h thng nay vn chua duoc
trang b cho cac mu xe t moi duoc san xut.
H thng VTC cua HONDA la du mc quan trong trong vic nghin cuu
va phat trin dng co dt trong vi no d gop phn giai quyt thanh cng mt vn
d d duoc dt ra tu lu. Do la vn d v hiu sut hoat dng cua dng co. H
thng VTC ra doi khng ch giup tng hiu sut cua dng co dt trong ma con
mang dn cho khach hang mt chic xe cng sut cao va tit kim nhin liu.
- Hng xe Nht TOYOTA thi co VVT-i (Variable Vale Timing
intelligent): thoi dim phi khi thay di thng minh hay VVTL-i (Variable
Valve Timing and Lit intelligent) thoi dim phi khi va hanh trinh xupap thay
di thng minh.
Thng thuong, thoi dim phi khi duoc c dnh, nhung h thng VVT-i s
dng ap sut thuy luc d xoay trc cam nap va lam thay di thoi dim phi khi.
Diu nay co th lam tng cng sut, cai thin tinh kinh t nhin liu va giam khi
xa nhim.
Hnh 2.5 : H thng VVTL-i
H thng nay duoc thit k d diu khin thoi dim phi khi bng cach
xoay trc cam trong mt pham vi 400 so voi goc quay cua trc khuu d dat
duoc thoi dim phi khi ti uu cho cac diu kin hoat dng cua dng co dua trn
tin hiu tu cac cam bin, con h thng VVTL-i dua trn h thng VVT-i va ap
dng mt co cu di vu cam d thay di hanh trinh cua xupap nap va xa. Diu
nay cho php duoc duoc cng sut cao ma khng anh huong dn tinh kinh t
nhin liu hay nhim khi xa.
- Cng nhu th BM goi cng ngh nay phuc tap hon la VANOS
(Variable nockenellen steuerung ) H thng VANOS lam vic dua trn nguyn
tc la diu khin cac co cu cua h thng, ma vic diu chnh do co th lam thay
di v tri tuong di cua trc cam nap di voi trc khuu
H thng diu chnh kiu VANOS giup cho vic diu khin h thng phn
phi khi o ch d ti uu nht. H thng nay diu chnh ca trc cam nap va trc
cam xa, diu chnh duoc thoi dim dong, mo cac xupap nap va xupap xa theo
tung ch d yu cu cua dng co. Nho vic diu chnh hop ly co cu xuppap nap
va xuppap xa do do d tit kim duoc luong nhin liu khi dng co hoat dng o
cac ch d khac nhau va luong nhin liu tht thoat ra ngoai theo khi thai trong
qua trinh xa cua dng co kt qua la d giam duoc chi phi nhin liu khi vn hanh
dng co. Lam tng cng sut dnh muc cua dng co do do hiu qua kinh t khi
s dng dng co tng.
- Ngoai ra con mt s hng khac nhu:
Mitsubishi co dng co MIVC ( Mitsubishi Innovative Valve timing lectronic
Control system ): h thng diu khin van bng h thng kim soat thoi gian
bng din t
Nissan co dng co VVL ( Variable Valve Lit and Timing): d mo van va thoi
gian
Porsche goi la VarioCam Plus: van bin thoi gian
GM goi la VVT,
Subaru cng khng chu km phn dt lun cai tn la Dual AVCS. Cp nht
2:30pm /8/2010)......Hin nay trn dng co t co nhiu ky hiu chu cai vit tt
nhu: HONDA goi la VTC hay i-VTC, VVT-i va VVTL-i cua Toyota..
Chung nhm quang ba cho cac cng ngh moi nht va tin tin cua hng nhung
bn canh do khin nguoi tiu dung khng th hiu ht duoc cac ki hiu phuc tap
do.
2.2 H thng phn phi kh VVT
2.2.1 Lch s hnh thnh h thng phn phi kh VVT
IAT la hng xe hoi trn th gioi phat minh ra h thng co th thay di thoi
dim phi khi bao gm su thay di v d nng van.
IAT la hng xe hoi trn th gioi phat minh ra h thng co th thay di thoi
dim phi khi bao gm su thay di v d nng van.
Duoc phat trin boi Giovanni Toraa vao cui nhung nm 160, h
thng nay d s dng ap sut bng thuy luc d lam thay di dim tua cua cam
cho phu hop ( phat minh US 3.641.88 ).Ap sut thuy lu nay thay di tuy theo
tc d dng co va ap sut cua van nap. D mo cua van co th thay di toi 3.
Hnh 2.7 !" #$u tha% &'i thi i(m #)a h*n+ ,-.T/ 0i1t2i3ution To2a44a
567789.
Hnh 2: . !;# lo<i #" #$u tha% 'i #' i(n.
Vao thang nm 15, hng General Motor phat minh ra h thng co y
dnh la thay di d nng van. GM d chu y dn hong cua van nap nhm giam bot
luong nhit thoat ra. Bng cach giam dn muc ti thiu luong nng van tai tai
trong thp ma vn giu duoc tc d nap cao, do do lam nho lai hong nap. GM d
khng giai quyt duoc vn d khi hoat dng o d nng rt thp nn du an d b
bo do. Hng Ala omeo la hng sn xut xe du tin d s dng h thng thay
di thoi dim d nng van trong san xut xe (phat minh US 4.231.330). Chic xe
Ala omeo Spider 2.0L nm 180 d s dng h thng VVT voi h thng phun
xng Spica va duoc ban o M. V sau no cng con duoc s dng trn model xe
Aletta 2.0 Quandrioglio Oro vao nm 183 cng nhu cac loai xe khac. Nissan
cng phat trin h thng VVT ring cua ho voidng co VG30D(TT) cho loai
xe Concept Mid-4 cua ho. Nissan d tptrung chinh vao vic san xut h thng
NVCS cua minh (Nissan Valve- Timing Control System) tai tc d momen xon
nho va trung binh, boi vi phn lon dng co khng hoat dng nhiu o tc d cao.
H thng NVCS nay co th dap ung duoc ca hai yu cu la tc d cm chung
m du va hoat dng nhiu o tc d thp va trung binh. Mc du vy no vn hoat
dng tt duoc o tc d cao, nhung h thng vn tp trung chinh la pham vi tc
d thp va trung binh. Dng co VG30D la loai dng co du tin ap dng va
duoc lp rap trn model xe 300X(31)300 vao nm 18, dy la loai t
du tin s dng k thut diu khin VVT bng din t.
Hnh 2. : Co cu trn dng co Nissan Maxima.
Voi buoc tip theo la vao nm 18, Honda voi h thng VTC (Variable
Valve Timing And Lit lectronic Control). Honda bt du san xut h thng
nay nhm lam cho dng co co kha nng hoat dng trn cac ch d cua cam khac
nhau, bng cach diu chnh lai trong vic thit k. Mt ch d duoc thit k d
mo van tai tc d dng co thp, duoc quy dnh boi mt phuong phap co loi khi
cn su tiu hao nhin liu thp va phat ra cng sut nho. ch d nng cao, ch
d thoi gian hoat dng dai, va hoat dng sut khi tc d cao nhm gia tng cng
sut du ra. Vao nm 12 hng BM d gioi thiu h thng VANOS (Variable
Nockenellen Steuerung). No cng tuong tu nhu h th=n+ >?!@ #)a >i11anA
no co th cung cp su thay di v thoi gian cho trc cam nap theo tung buoc
hoc theo tung giai doan. H thng VANOS nay co su khac bit la no co th
cung cp thm mt buoc cho ca ba giai doan.
Hnh 2.68 !" #$u #)a h*n+ BCD.
Sau do vao nm 18, h thng Double VANOS duoc gioi thiu, no co th
diu khin su tng muc d dt chay nhin liu mt cach to lon, tng cng sut,
mmen xon va dua ra muc d khng tai tt hon,tit kim nhin liu hon.
H thng Double VANOS nay la h thng du tin diu khin bng din t, diu
khin su hoat dng lin tc cua ca van nap va van xa
Hnh 2.66 !" #$u 0ou3le ?.>E@ #)a h*n+ BCD.
N
Nm 2001, hng BM gioi thiu h thng Valvetronic,dy la h thng duy nht
co th lam thay di d nng van nap mt cach lin tc, cng thm thoi gian cho
ca hai van nap va xa. H thng diu khin chinh xac d chu y nhiu hon dn
nhim v cua van nap d diu khin hoan toan van nap, chu y dn su cn thit
cua van tit luu va giam su tn tht lon cua bom.
Khi tinh toan d giam duoc tn tht cua bom, co th tng cng sut du ra thm
10 va tit kim nhin liu.
Hng ord d tro thanh nha san xut du tin s dng h thng thay di thoi
dim phi khi trn xe tai pick-up, voi loai xe duoc ban chay la model -series
vao nm 2004. Dng co duoc s dng la dng co 5.4L 3 valve Triton.
Vao nm 2005 hng General Motor d dua ra h thng Variable Valve Timing
cho dng co I-head V6, gm co L va L4.
I
2.2.2. Cu to :

Trn mi chic xe Toyota, chung ta lun thy co dong chu VVT-i nm o v
tri hai bn ca xe. Dong chu vit tt nay co y ngha la gi ? Chung ta cung tim
hiu VVT-i.
VVT-i la chu vit tt cua tu Variable Valve Timing ith intelligence - mt
h thng thit k phun xng cua hng Toyota theo nguyn lF in G th)% lH#.
!" cu nay ti uu hoa goc phi khi cua trc cam nap dua trn ch d lam vic
cua dng co phi hop voi cac thng s diu khin chu dng.
Hiu sut lam vic cua dng co ph thuc rt nhiu vao hoat dng cung cp
nhin liu. H thng diu khin h thng van nap bin thin VVT-i duoc thit k
voi mc dich nng cao m men xon cua dng co, ct giam tiu th nhin liu
va khi thai dc. Cac b phn cua h thng gm: B x ly trung tm CU 32 bit,
bom va duong dn du, b diu khin phi khi (VVT) voi cac van din, cac cam
bin: VVT, v tri buom ga, luu luong khi nap, v tri trc khuu, nhit d nuoc.
Ngoai ra, VVT-i thuong duoc thit k dng b voi co cu buom ga din t
TCS-i, du phun nhin liu 12 l va b chia din bng din t cung cac bugi
du iridium.
Trong qua trinh hoat dng, cac cam bin v tri trc khuu, v tri buom ga va
luu luong khi nap cung cp cac du liu chinh v CU d tinh toan thng s phi
khi theo yu cu chu dng. Trn co so cac yu t chu dng, hiu chnh va thuc
t, CU s tng hop duoc lnh phi khi ti uu cho bung dt. Nhu vy, thay cho
h thng cam kiu c voi d mo xu-pap khng di, VVT-i d diu chnh v cp
hoat dng cua cac van nap. D mo va thoi dim mo bin thin theo su phi hop
cac thng s v luu luong khi nap, v tri buom ga, tc d va nhit d dng co.
Ngoai ra, con mt cam bin do nng d oxy du dt o cm gop xa cho bit t l
nhin liu duoc dt. Thng tin tu dy duoc goi v CU va cng duoc phi hop
x ly khi hiu chnh ch d nap ti uu nhm tit kim xng va bao v mi
truong.
Hin nay, VVT-i duoc ap dng rng ri trn cac mu xe hang trung cua
Toyota, dc bit voi thit k dng co 4 xi-lanh c vua va nho
**VVT-I Thng thuong, thoi dim phi khi duoc c dnh, nhung h thng
VVT-i s dng ap sut thuy luc d xoay trc cam nap va lam thay di thoi dim
phi khi. Diu nay co th lam tng cng sut, cai thin tinh kinh t nhin liu va
giam khi xa nhim.Nhu trong hinh minh hoa, h thng nay duoc thit k d
diu khin thoi dim phi khi bng cach xoay trc cam trong mt pham vi so
vuoi goc quay cua trc khuu d dat duoc thoi dim phi khi ti uucho cac diu
kin hoat dng cua dng co dua trn tin hiu tu cac cam bin. Thoi dim phi
khi duoc diu khin nhu sau.
Hnh 2.62 H th=n+ ??T/i
Khi nhit d thp, khi tc d thp o tai nh, hay khi tai nh:
Thoi dim phi khi cua trc cam nap duoc lam tr lai va d trung lp xupap
giam di d giam khi xa chay nguoc lai phia nap. Diu nay lam n dnh ch d
khng tai va cai thin tinh kinh t nhin liu va tinh khoi dng.
Khi tai trung binh, hay khi tc d thp va trung binh o tai nng
Thoi dim phi khi duoc lam som ln va d trung lp xupap tng ln d tng
G ni b va giam mt mat do bom. Diu nay cai thin nhim khi xa va tinh
kinh t nhin liu. Ngoai ra, cung luc do thuoi dim dong xupap nap duocdy
som ln d giam hin tuong quay nguoc khi nap lai duong nap I #i thin hiu
ua np.
Khi tc d cao va tai nng
Thoi dim phi khi duoc lam som ln va d trung lp xupap tng ln d
tng G ni b va giam mt mat do bom. Diu nay cai thin nhim khi xa va
tinh kinh t nhin liu. Ngoai ra, cung luc do thoi dim dong duong nap va cai
thin hiu qua nap. Ngoai ra, diu khin phan hi duoc s dng d giu thoi dim
phi khi xupap nap thuc t o dung thoi dim tinh toan bng cam bin v tri trc
cam.
Hinh 2.6J Biu K th hin thi i(m Lh=i khM !$u t<o
B chp hanh cua h thng VVT-i bao gm b diu khin VVT-i dung d
xoay trc cam nap, ap sut du dung lam luc xoay cho b diu khin VVT-i, va
van diu khin du phi khi trc cam d diu khin duong di cua du.
Hnh 2.6N BO iu khi(n ??T /-
6. BO iu khi(n ??T/i
Hnh 2.15 : B diu khin VVT-i
B diu khin bao gm mt vo duoc dn dng boi xich cam va cac canh gat
duoc c dnh trn trc cam nap. ap sut du gi tu phia lam som hay lam mun
trc cam nap s xoay cac canh gat cua b diu khin VVT-i theo huong chu vi
d thay di lin tc thoi dim phi khi cua trc cam nap. Khi dng co ngung,
trc cam nap chuyn dng dn trang thai mun nht d duy tri kha nng khoi
dng. Khi ap sut du khng dn b diu khin VVT-i ngay lp tuc sau khi dng
co khoi dng, cht hm s hm cac co cu hoat dng cua b diu khin VVT-i
d tranh ting g.
Ngoai loai trn, cng co mt loai ma pittng doc chuyn theo huong trc
giua cac then xon cua banh rng bn ngoai (tuong ung vuoi vo) va banh rng
trong (gn truc tip vao trc cam) d lam xoay trc cam.
2. ?an iu khi(n &u Lh=i khM t2P# #am
Hnh 2.16 : Van diu khin phi kh trc cam VVT - i
Van diu khin du phi khi trc cam hoat dng theo su diu khin (T l
hiu dng) tu CU dng co d diu khin v tri cua van ng va phn phi ap
sut du cp dn b diu khin VVT-i d phia lam som hay lam mun. Khi dng
co ngung hoat dng, thoi dim phi khi xupap nap duoc giu o goc mun ti da.
Hoat dng
Van diu khin du phi khi trc cam chon duong du dn b diu khin
VVT-i tuong ung voi d lon dong din tu CU dng co. B diu khin VVT-i
quay trc cam nap tuong ung
voi v tri noi ma dt ap sut du vao, d lam som, lam mun hoc duy tri
thoi dim phi khi. CU dng co tinh toan thoi dim dong mo xupap ti uu
duoi cac diu kin hoat dng khac nhau theo tc d dng co, luu luong khi nap,
v tri buom ga va nhit d nuoc lam mat d diu khin van diu khin du phi
khi trc cam. Hon nua, CU dung cac tin hiu tu cam bin v tri trc cam va
cam bin v tri trc khuu d tinh toan thoi dim phi khi thuc t va thuc hin
diu khin phan hi d dat duoc thoi dim phi khi chun.H thng VVT-i la
thit k phun xng cua hng Toyota theo nguyn ly din - thuy luc.
Thng thuong, thoi dim phi khi duoc c dnh, nhung h thng VVT-i s dng
ap sut thuy luc d xoay trc cam nap va lam thay di thoi dim phi khi. Diu
nay co th lam tng cng sut, cai thin tinh kinh t nhin liu va giam khi xa
nhim.Nhu trong hinh minh hoa, h thng nay duoc thit k d diu khin thoi
dim phi khi bng cach xoay trc cam trong mt pham vi 400 so voi goc quay
cua trc khuu d dat duoc thoi dim phi khi ti uu cho cac diu kin hoat
dng cua dng co dua trn tin hiu tu cac cam bin.
2.2.3. Nguyn l hot dng:
1. Lm sm thi dim phi kh
Khi van diu khin du phi khi trc cam duoc dt o v tri nhu trn hinh v bng
CU dng co, ap sut du tac dng ln khoang canh gat phia lam som thoi dim
phi khi d quay trc cam nap v chiu lam som thoi dim phi khi.
Hnh 2.67 ?an iu Lh=i &u Q IR t2M LhMa lm 1Sm .
2. Lm mun thui dim phi kh
Khi CU dt van diu khin thoi dim phi khi trc cam o v tri nhu ch ra
trong hinh v, ap sut du tac dng ln khoang canh gat phia lam mun thoi
dim phi khi d lam quay trc cam nap theo chiu quay lam mun thoi dim
phi khi.
Hnh 2.67 ?an iu Lh=i &u Q IR t2M LhMa lm muOn
3. Gi CU dng co tinh toan goc phi khi chun theo tinh trang vn hanh. Sau
khi dt thoi dim phi khi chun, van diu khin du phi khi trc cam duy tri
duong du dong nhu duoc ch ra trn hinh v, d giu thoi dim phi khi hin tai.

Hnh 2.28 ?an iu Lh=i &u Q IR t2M 'n Rnh .
2.2.4 Trc cam v h thng phi kh thng minh (VVT-i)
Nu ban d tim hiu v dng co, hn cac ban d bit v cac xu pap diu khin
vic dua hn hop khng khi/nhin liu vao dng co va thoat ra ngoai qua h
thng xa. Trc cam s dng cac vu cam ty ln cac xu pap d mo chung ra khi
trc cam quay, cac lo xo trn xu pap co nhim v dy chung tro v v tri c d
dong lai. Dy la mt nhim v quyt dnh va co th tao ra anh huong rt lon dn
hiu sut cua dng co o tc d khac nhau.
Trc cam
Trong bai vit nay, CarOline d cp dn su anh huong cua trc cam dn
hiu sut cua dng co. Thng qua mt s hinh anh dng trong bai cac ban s
thy su khac nhau cua cac dng co voi mt trc cam dt trn (SOHC) va dng
co co hai trc cam dt trn (DOHC). Bn canh do chung ti cng huong dn cac
ban cach diu chnh trc cam cua dng co mt cach ht suc ngn gon d dng
co hoat dng hiu qua hon o nhung tc d khac nhau.
Khai nim co ban v trc cam.
B phn chinh cua mt trc cam la cac vu cam. Khi trc cam quay tron, cac
vu cam s diu khin dong mo cac cac xu pap nap va xa o thoi dim phu hop
voi su di chuyn cua piston. Hinh dang cua cac vu cam co lin quan truc tip
dn cach thuc dng co lam vic o cac dai tc d khac nhau.
D hiu r diu nay ban hy tuong tuong rng dng co cua chung ta dang chay
v cung chm ch khoang tu 10 dn 20 vong/phut (PM) boi vy s mt khoang
vai giy d piston hoan thanh mt chu ky chuyn dng. Nhung trn thuc t thi
mt dng co binh thuong khng th chay chm nhu vy duoc. tc d thp
nay, chung ta co th hiu cac vu cam thuc hin chu trinh nhu sau:
Ch khi piston bt du chuyn dng di xung trong hanh trinh nap (tu dim
cht trn, TDC), xu pap nap moi bt du mo ra. Xu pap nap s dong lai ngay khi
piston dn dim duoi cung.
Xu pap xa s mo ra ngay khi piston dn dim duoi cung (goi la dim cht
duoi, BDC) o cui qua trinh chay va s dong lai khi piston hoan thanh qua trinh
xa khi.
Voi thu tu lam vic nhu vy s rt tt cho dng co chung nao no con
chuyn dng o tc d thp nhu vy. Nhung diu gi s xay ra nu tc d vong
quay tng ln. Chung ta hy xem.

Khi tng s vong quay dng co o ln khoang 4000 vong/phut, cac xu pap s phai
mo va dong 2000 ln mi phut hoc 33 ln mi giy. tc d nay, piston di
chuyn cuc nhanh. Boi vy hn hop khng khi/nhin liu cng luu thng trong
xilanh voi tc d rt nhanh.
Khi xu pap nap mo ra va piston bt du hanh trinh nap, hn hop nhin
liu/khng khi bt du gia tng trong xilanh. Dung luc piston dn dim cui cua
hanh trinh nap, hoa khi chuyn dng vao xilanh voi tc d kha nhanh. Nu van
nap bt ngo dong lai, toan b luong hoa khi s ngung di chuyn va khng di vao
xilanh nua. Bng cach d cho xu pap nap dong lai mun hon mt chut, da di
chuyn nhanh cua hoa khi vn con duy tri s dy hoa khi thm vao trong xilanh
dn khi piston bt du hanh trinh nn. Boi vy dng co chay cang nhanh, hn
hop nhin liu/khng khi cng di chuyn cang nhanh va boi vy chung ta cang
phai d cho xu pap mo cang lu hon. Chung ta cng phai d cho xu pap nap mo
rng hon o tc d cao, thng s nay duoc goi la khoang di cua xu pap, no b
chi phi boi dang hinh hoc cua vu cam.
Hinh anh dng duoi dy d cho thy su khac nhau ra sao v cach diu chnh
thoi dim dong mo xu pap di voi cam thng thuong va cam d co su diu
chnh. Chu y ky xa (duong cong mu do) va ky nap (duong cong mu xanh) co
su trung khop nhiu hon khi diu chnh trc cam. Boi vy trong truong hop nay,
dng co xe co xu huong n to va du hon o trang thai khng tai.
Su khac nhau o ky nap va ky xa khi diu chnh trc cam
Co mt vai kiu trc cam khac nhau duoc lp trn dng co. dy chung ta d
cp dn mt vai kiu trc cam ph bin ma ban d tung nghe noi:
o Loai co mt trc cam dt trn (SOHC)
o Loai co hai trc cam dt trn (DOHC)
o Loai trc cam co da dy
Phn tip theo, chung ti s d cp dn tung loai trc cam nay.
Cac loai trc cam trong dng co
Dng co voi mt trc cam dt trn
Loai trc cam nay ch co mt cam duy nht duoc lp o np xilanh. Boi vy, nu
dng co co 4 xilanh hoc 6 xilanh thng hang thi no s dng chung mt cam duy
nht nu la dng co voi 6 hoc 8 xilanh xp chu V thi s co 2 trc cam lp o
trn np mi dy xilanh.
Trc cam dy co m ty ln dui cac xu pap va mo chung ra. Cac lo xo co tac
dng dy cac xu pap tro v v tri dong. Cac lo xo nay rt khoe boi o tc d dng
co cao, cac xu pap duoc dy xung rt nhanh va chung phai giu cho cac xu pap
lun ty sat vao cac co m. Nu cac lo xo khng du khoe thi cac xu pap co th
khng tip xuc voi cac co m va phat ra ting lach cach. Dy la tinh trang xu va
d khin cho cac xu pap va co m chong mon.
dng co co mt cam hay hai cam dt trn du duoc dn dng boi trc khuu,
dy curoa hoc xich (goi la dy curoa cam va xich truyn dng trc cam). Cac
curoa cam hay xich cam du cn phai duoc thay th hay diu chnh thuong
xuyn dnh ky. Nu dy curoa cam b dut, trc cam s khng lam vic va piston
s va vao cac xu pap, lam hong b mt piston.
Hu hong khi piston va cham voi xu pap
Dng co co hai trc cam dt trn.
Loai nay co hai trc cam dt trn np xilanh. Boi vy, o dng co co xilanh dt
thng hang co hai trc cam o trn va dng co co xilanh dt chu V co bn trc
cam dt trn. Thng thuong o dng co co hai cam dt trn thuong co 4 xu pap
hoc nhiu hon o mi xilanh.
Dng co voi xilanh dt chu V
Ly do chinh d s dng loai hai trc cam dt trn boi no cho php b tri duoc
nhiu xu pap nap va xa hon o mi xilanh. S xu pap nhiu hon ngha la hoa khi
duoc nap vao nhiu hon boi cac ca luu thng s lon hon. Diu nay giup tng
dang k cng sut cua dng co.
Cui cung chung ta s d cp dn loai cam co da dy.
Trc cam co da dy.
Ging nhu dng co SOHC va DOHC, cac xu pap cng duoc lp trn dnh xilanh
nhung su khac nhau chinh o dy la trc cam o dng co nay lai nm bn trong
block dng co ma khng nm trn np cac xilanh.
Cac da dy cua dng co
Trc cam tac dng luc dy ln cac trc dai dt thng qua block dng co vao np
xilanh d lam dch chuyn cac co m. Cac da dy dai nay lam tng khi luong
va th tich cua h thng dng co, dng thoi cng tng luc dy ln cac lo xo xu
pap.
Cac trc cam trong dng co s dng da dy thuong duoc dn dng bng cac
banh rng hoc xich. Cac trc cam dung banh rng dn dng thuong it hong hon
so voi dn dng bng xich va thuong duoc dung trong dng co voi trc cam dt
o np may.
Mt diu dc bit uan trng trong vic thit k trc cam cho h thng l c
th thay di thi dim dng mo cc xu pp (hay cn gi l diu khin thi
dim phi kh). Chng ta s d cp dn vn d ny trong k ti.
2.3 Cng ngh VVTL-i cua Toyota.
2.3.1 Cu to
H thng VVTL-i dua trn h thng VVT-i va ap dng mt co cu chuyn di
vu cam d thay di hanh trinh cua xupap nap va xa. Diu nay cho php dat
duoc cng sut cao ma khng anh huong dn tinh kinh t cua nhin liu hay
nhim khi xa.
Hnh 2.26 H th=n+ ??TL/i
Cu tao va hoat dng cua h thng VVTL-i v co ban ging nhu h thng VVT-
i. Vic chuyn di giua hai vu cam co bin dang khac nhau dn dn lam thay
di hanh trinh cua xupap.
Trong co cu chuyn vu cam, CU dng co diu khin chuyn di giua 2 vu
cam nho van diu khin du VVTL dua trn cac tin hiu tu cam bin nhit d
nuoc lam mat va cam bin v tri trc khuu.
Cac b phn cu thanh h thng VVTL-i gn ging nhu nhung b phn cua h
thng VVT-i. Do la van diu khin du cho VVTL, cac trc cam va co m.
Van diu khin du cho VVTL diu khin ap sut du cp dn phia cam tc d
cao cua co cu chuyn vu cam bng thao tac diu khin v tri van ng do CU
dng co thuc hin.
Trc cam va co m
D thay di hanh trinh xupap, nguoi ta ch tao trn trc cam 2 loai vu cam,
mt loai vu cam ung voi tc d thp va vu cam tc d cao cho mi xilanh.
Hnh 2.22 : Trc cam cua h thng VVTL.
Co cu chuyn vu cam duoc lp bn trong co m giua xupap va vu cam. Ap
sut du tu van diu khin du cua VVTL dn l du trong co m va ap sut nay
dy cht hm bn duoi cht dm. No c dnh cht dm va n khop cam tc d
cao.
Khi ap sut du ngung tac dng, cht hm duoc tra v bng luc cua lo xo va
cht dm duoc tu do. Diu nay lam cho cht dm co th di chuyn tu do theo
huong thng dung va v hiu hoa vu cam tc d cao.
Trc cam nap va xa co cac vu cam voi 2 hanh trinh khac nhau cho tung xylanh,
va CU dng co chuyn nhung vu cam nay thanh vu cam hoat dng bng ap
sut du.
2.3.2 Nguyn l hot dng
Tc d thp va trung binh (tc d dng co: duoi 6000 vong/phut)
Hinh 2.23 : Van diu khin du VVTL, van diu khin du mo phia xa.
Nhu trong hinh minh hoa o trn, van diu khin du mo phia xa. Do do, ap sut
du khng tac dng ln co cu chuyn vu cam.
Ap sut du khng tac dng ln cht chn. Do do, cht chn b dy bng lo xo
hi theo huong nha khoa. Nhu vy, cht dm s lp lai chuyn dng tnh tin v
hiu hoa. No s dn dng xupap bng cam tc d thp va trung binh.
Tc d cao (Tc d dng co: trn 6000 vong/phut, nhit d nuoc lam mat: cao
hon 600
0
C).
Hnh 2.2N ?an iu khi(n &u ??TLA Ian iu khi(n &u n+ LhMa
T.
Nhu trong hinh v bn trn, phia xa cua van diu khin du duoc dong lai sao
cho ap sut du tac dng ln phia cam tc d cao cua co cu chuyn vu cam.
Luc nay bn trong co m, ap sut du dy cht chn dn duoi cht dm d giu
cht dm va co m. Do do, cam tc d cao n xung co m truoc khi cam tc
d thp va trung binh tip xuc voi con ln. No dn dng cac xupap bng cam
tc d cao. CU dng co dng thoi phat hin rng vu cam d duoc chuyn
sang vu cam tc d cao dua trn tin hiu tu cng tc ap sut du.
2.4 Cu to v hot dng cua h thng VTEC (Variable valve Timing
and lit Electronic Control ) Cng ngh VTEC cua Honda
2.4.1 !$u t<o
Hnh 2.2U On+ #" tM#h hVL i/?TW! #)a Hon&a !iIi#.
H thng VTC nhm cai thin hiu sut dng co o tc d thp va cao
bng cach b tri hai loai vu cam o mi xilanh, vu cam tc d thp va vu cam
tc d cao. Tuy theo diu kin lam vic c th cua dng co ma s dng loai vu
cam phu hop.
Hnh 2.27 !$u t<o -/?TW!
dai tc d thp, thoi gian mo xupap duoc ti uu hoa nhm dat duoc mmen
xon cn thit d xe co th di chuyn tt nht o vong tua thp, dng thoi tit
kim nhin liu.
dai tc d cao, d mo xupap va thoi gian mo xupap duoc tng ln, khng khi
duoc nap vao nhiu hon. H thng cung cp cho xe kha nng di chuyn tt o tc
d thp va tng hiu sut dng co khi tc d xe tng ln.
Qua nhiu nm phat trin, cac dng co cua Honda d s dng qua nm loai h
thng VTC khac nhau gm: (1) VTC co mt trc cam dt trn goi la SOHC
(2) VTC- tit kim nhin liu (3) VTC co hai trc cam dt trn DOHC (4)
VTC co xilanh khng tai va (5) cng ngh i-VTC thng minh. Kt cu cua 5
modun trn khac nhau nhung noi chung chung ging nhau v mt nguyn ly vi
tt ca du s dng loai trc cam co vu kp, mt vu dung khi tc d thp va
mt vu dung o tc d cao. dai tc d thp, cac xupap mo it va thoi gian mo
ngn lai do tc d cua vu cam giam.
H thng VTC cua Honda la mt trong nhung cng ngh tin tin nhm ti uu
hoa hiu qua cua dng co. Duoc k su thit k dng co cua Honda, Kenichis
Nagahiro sang tao
a.X.!$u t<o h th=n+
Hinh 2.28 :Cu tao cua h thng VTC.
1 : Trc cam 2 : Tm dnh v 3 :co m thu cp 4 :Co m thu hai
5 : Piston dng b 6 :Piston tac dng :Xupap hut.
Dng co b tri 4supap cho mi xylanh, bao gm 2 supap nap va 2 xupap thai.
Diu khac bit cua kiu nay so voi kiu SOHC VTC la ch b tri hai vu cam
nap co bin d mo khac nhau, mt cam co bin d mo lon va mt cam co bin
d mo nho. Cac piston lp dat bn trong co m s dy piston dng b di chuyn
cung huong d p piston chn va lo xo hoan luc lai tao su lin kt hai co m lai
voi nhau. Khi mt ap luc du, duoi su hoan luc cua lo xo thng qua piston chn
s duoc piston dng b tro v lam tach 2 co m mo ring r.
2.4.2 Nguyn l hot dng :
Hnh 2.27 Yu; t2nh ho<t On+.
Z tc d thp, hai co m duoc tach roi, vi th supap hut thu nht diu khin su
phn phi chinh trong khi do supap hut thu hai ch h mo d ngn chn nhin
liu tich lu o ca nap. tc d cao, hai co m duoc lin kt thanh mt khi
nho vao piston dng b. Vi vy tc d nay ca hai supap du chu su tac dng cua
vu
cam co bin d mo lon nht.
b.Qua trinh hoat dng:
K thut thay di thoi gian phn phi khi va muc d nng supap duoc s dng
cho dng co nhm mc dich tiu th nhin liu thp nht nhung cng sut phat
ra van cao. Voi h thng nay, dc dim ni bt la voi mt t l hoa khi tit kim
nhung vn tao ra mt momen lon o tc d thp, dng thoi o tc d cao cng sut
phat ra lon tuong duong nhu dng co bn supap tiu chun dat duoc.
HnH 2.J8 Ho<t On+ #)a h th=n+ ?TW!.
tc d thp:
Co m thu nht va co m thu hai duoc tach roi, do vu cam A va B diu

khin ring bit hai supap, kha nng nng cua co m thu hai rt nho d h
mo supap(mt supap diu khin su phn phi khi chinh).
Hinh 2.31: Cu tao cua co cu phn phi khi o tc d thp.
1:Piston tac dng , 2: Piston dng b , 3: Piston chn , 4:Co m thu nht ,5: Co
m thu hai , 6: Cam thu nht , : Cam thu hai.
tc d cao:
dai tc d cao, PCM/CM kich hoat d VTC hoat dng, cac piston
ni duoi tac dng cua du thuy luc s di chuyn d ni cac co m tc d
thp va tc d cao voi nhau thanh mi khi. Luc nay, cac xu pap mo ra
nhiu hon va thoi gian mo tng ln. Khng khi duoc nap vao nhiu hon,
cng sut dng co tng ln nhanh chong.
Piston tac dng duoc b tri bean trong co m thu nht, no duoc tac dng
bo ap luc du d di chuyn theo huong mi tn nhu hinh (4). Ca hai co
m thu 1 va thu 2 duoc lin kt lai bng piston dng b. O tc d nay,
bin d mo cua supap thu hai ging nhu bin do mo cua supap thu nht
nhm dap ung cho su hoat dng o tc d cao ging nhu dng co 4 supap
thng thuong (2 supap diu khin phn phi khi).
Hinh 2.32 : Cu tao cua co cu phn phi khi o tc d cao.
1: Ap luc du dn, 2: Cam thu nht.
#.X.On+ #" 0EH!
Hinh 2.32 : Thoi dim xupap bin di va h thng nng xupap trn dngco
DOHC.
1.Trc cam , 2.Vu cam cho tc d thp v/p, 3. Vu cam cho tc d cao v/p, 4.
Co m so cp, 5. Co m trung gian, 6. Co m thu cp, . Piston
thu luc A, 8. Piston thu luc B, . Cht chn , 10. Lo xo lam mat su
chuyn dng ,11. Xupap thai, 12. Xupap nap.
Hinh 6 cho thy h thng nng va thoi dim xupap bin di duoc diu khin
bng din t. No co th thay di ca hai thoi dim va su nng xupap. Diu nay s
cho dng co chay cm chung m du cua mt dng co xe ca cho khach va hiu
sut tc d cao cua mt dng co xe dua. Dng co DOHC bn xupap dung trc
d cac co m d truyn su
chuyn dng vu cam dn cac thn xupap. Trc cam co 3 vu cam cho mi cp
xupap nap va xupap thai, co m thu 3 la co m trung gian (o hinh 6). No o giua
mi cp xupap, mi co m duoc gn mt piston thu luc. Su hoat dng cua
piston n khop hay khng n khop voi co m nay. Su khac nhau o su thuc hin
xay ra boi vi mi vu cam thi khac nhau, vu cam o giua thi cho tc d cao v/p.
Cac vu cam thu cp va so cp thi cho tc d thp. Cac cam bin o dng co goi
tin hiu tc d dng co, tai dng co, tc d xe, va nhit d nuoc lam mat dn
CM. Tai mt thoi dim trn cng tc dnh truoc , CM s goi tin hiu din th
toi cun solenoid. Khi cun dy solenoid mo va dong , ap luc du don g co duoc
goi dn cac piston trong cac co m duoc lua chon. Khi do cac co m n khop
hay khng n khop. Diu nay lam thay di ma cac vu cam dang hoat dng cac
xupap. Su thay di tu su nng thp cua cac vu gn o ngoai dn su nng cao hon
va su cam ung cua vau o giua s tip nhn khoang 0,1 giy. H thng khng n
khop tai tc d thp hay khi dng co o khng tai.
H thng diu khin:
H thng diu khin cho co cu nay duoc trinh bay bn duoi. Cac cam bin lin
tc nhn su thay di bn trong dng co nhu : tai, nhit d nuoc, s vong quay
dng co va tc d xe. Nhung tin hiu nay s duoc chuyn dn CU d CU
diu khin chinh xac ap luc du dn cac piston thu luc.
* Cac diu kin chuyn di:
S vong quay dng co : 2500 v/p.
Nhit d nuoc : 530C
T=# O Te [ KmXh.
Ti On+ #" 0Ha Io ;L th$L Q \n+ =n+ n<L
Hinh 2.32 : So d H thng diu khin co cu phn phi khi bng din t
d./.Uu dim cua h thng:
Tinh uu vit o loai dng co nay la cng sut dng co cao dng thoi voi vic tit
kim nhin liu. Co cu phn phi khi cua dng co nay gn ging nhu kiu phn
phi khi cua dng co bn xupap thng thuong, nhung no duoc cai tin su phn
phi tt hon. O tc d thp, luong hoa khi nap vao trong xylanh duoc tit kim
do ch mo moat trong hai supap, nhung o tc d trung binh va cao, cng sut
phat ra lon do mo dng thoi ca hai supap hut. Kiu dng co VTC duoc kt
hop tu hai loai dng co hai supap va bn supap d ch tao thanh loai dng co
mang uu dim
cua hai loai nay.
Ngun oto-hui.com
2.5 Tm hiu cng ngh MIVEC trn xe Misubishi :
2.5.1 Cu to :
Mivec cua hng Mitsubishi.
MIVC (Mitsubishi Innovative Valve timing lectronic Control system) la tn
vit tt cua cng ngh dng co voi xupap nap bin thin duoc phat trin boi
hng Mitsubishi. Cng tuong tu nhu cac h thng voi xupap nap bin thin duoc
d cp ky truoc, h thng nay cng co kha nng thay di hanh trinh hoc thoi
gian dong mo cac xupap bng cach s dng hai loai vu cam khac nhau. dai
tc d thp, vu cam nho dn dng cac xupap, dng co hoat dng o trang thai
khng tai n dnh, luong khi thai giam va mmen xon tng ln o tc d thp.
Khi vu cam lon duoc kich hoat, tc d tng ln, cac xupap duoc mo rng hon
va thoi gian mo xupap tng ln. Boi vy lam tng luong khi nap trong bung
chay, cng sut va mmen xon tng, dai tc d dng co duoc mo rng.
Dng co 4G2 du tin cua Mitsubishi s dng cng ngh MIVCMIVC duoc
Mitsubishi gioi thiu ln du tin vao nm 12 trn dng co 4G2, dung tich
15 cc, DOHC khng tng ap, 4 xilanh thng hang, mi xilanh gm hai xupap
nap va hai xupap xa. Th h cng ngh nay ra doi voi tn goi Mitsubishi
Innovative Valve timing and lit lectronic Control. Chic xe du tin s dng
cng ngh nay la chic hatchback Mitsubishi Mirage va chic sedan Mitsubishi
Lancer.
Trong khi mt dng co 4G2 thng thuong sinh ra cng sut 145 m luc o tc
d 000 vong/phut thi mt dng co duoc trang b cng ngh MIVC co th sinh
ra toi 15 m luc o vong tua 500 vong/phut. Mt s cac cai tin v cng ngh
khac cng duoc ung dng khi cng ngh nay duoc ap dng rng ri vao nm
14 trn xe Mitsubishi TO. Mc du vy cac thit k moi nhm nng cao hiu
sut vn phai dam bao tinh tit kim nhin liu va giam nhim khi thai o dong
xe Mitsubishi.
Hinh 2.35 : Chic Mitsubishi Grandis s dng cng ngh MIVC
Vao nm 13, hng Mitsubishi bt du dua vao san xut loai dng co co ung
dng cng ngh MIVC (Mitsubishi innovative Valve timing lectronic
Control System). Vao thoi dim do, MIVC dung du trong hang ng nhung
cng ngh giup tit kim nhin liu voi muc tiu th nhin liu vao khoang 16
km cho 1 lit xng khi di trong thanh ph.
Dy la mt trong nhung cng ngh du tin trong cac giai phap nhm nng cao
cng sut va bao v mi truong bng cach tac dng vao h thng nap nhin liu,
va cng ngh nay hin nay vn duoc ung dng. Trn th truong t Vit Nam
hin nay, hng Mitsubishi ung dng cng ngh MIVC trn xe GANDIS.
Trong cng ngh MIVC s dng cac bin dang cam khac nhau d mo xupap
nap theo hai ch d dng co: tc d thp va tc d cao, no s nng cao hon cng
sut lon nht va va tng m men xon trong trong cac ch d lam vic cua dng
co. Khi dng co o s vong quay thp MIVC s chon bin dang cam nho va
cung cp hn hop chay n dnh, it khi xa. Khi buom ga duoc mo rng, tc d
dng co tng ln, MIVC s cho php tng thoi gian va hanh trinh mo cua
xupap nap, vi vy no s cung cp cho dng co cng sut va mmen lon hon hn
so voi cac dng co khng c dng cng ngh nay.
Dim dc bit cua cng ngh MIVC la vic b tri trn trc cam voi 3 bin
dang cam co kich thuoc khac nhau. Bin dang cam lon nht dt o giua va hai
bin dang cam nho va trung binh dt o hai bn (nhu hinh 2), mc du co 3 bin
dang cam nhu vy nhung ch tao ra 2 ch d dng co: Ch d tc d thp, s
dng bin dang cam nho, trung binh va ch d tc d cao s dng bin dang
cam to. ch d tc d thp, cac xupap nap duoc dn dng boi hai bin dang
cam nho va trung binh va s duoc diu khin dc lp boi hai co m ring bit,
con bin dang cam to nay duoc dn dng truc tip cn chu T, cn nay s diu
khin ca thoi gian va khoang mo cua ca hai xupap nap khi dng co chay o ch
d tc d cao.
Khi dng co chay o ch d tc d thp, cn chu T vn kt ni voi bin dang
cam to, nhung luc nay ch chuyn dng tu do va khng tip xuc voi co m cua
xupap nap. Khi do vu cam nho va trung binh duoc dn dng tu trc cam s
diu khin khoang nng va thoi dim mo thich hop cho xupap nap. Bn trong co
m co cac piston duoc nn lai nho cac lo xo, khi do cn T ch chuyn dng tu
do va khng diu khin cac co m. Ngoai ra, vic s dng hai bin dang cam
khac nhau d mo xupap nap khi o ch d tc d thp giup tao ra su xoay lc cho
dong khi nap di vao bn trong xilanh,lam qua trinh chay n dnh va giam luong
khi thai.
Khi dng co o ch d tc d cao: MIVC s diu khin mo van du lam tng ap
sut du toi piston, khin cho piston duoc nng ln va tip xuc voi cn chu T,
khi do bin dang cam lon thng qua cn chu T tac dng vao ca hai co m va
diu khin dong mo xupap nap. Nho bin dang cam lon hon nn s tng thoi
gian va d mo cua xupap nap, vi vy s lam tng duoc cng sut va m men cua
dng co.
dng co 4G6 cua hng Mitsubishi (lp trn xe Grandis9A khi t=# O On+ #"
dat khoang 3600 vong/phut thi h thng MIVC s diu khin mo van du d
dng co hoat dng o ch d tc d cao, va khi tc d dng co giam xung duoi
3600 vong/phut van du s dong lai va dng co lai hoat dng o ch d tc d
thp.
Hin nay hng Mitsubishi d ung dng cng ngh MIVC trn xe Grandis 2.4
va trn xe Colt voi dng co 1.3L va 1.5L. Voi vic ung dng cng ngh nay s
giup giam duoc dang k chi phi nhin liu va giam thiu nhim mi truong.
Dy la mt trong nhung cng ngh du tin trong cac giai phap nhm nng cao
cng sut va bao v mi truong bng cach tac dng vao h thng nap nhin liu,
va cng ngh nay hin nay vn duoc ung dng. Trn th truong t Vit Nam
hin nay, hng Mitsubishi ung dng cng ngh MIVC trn xe GANDIS.
Trong cng ngh MIVC s dng cac bin dang cam khac nhau d mo xupap
nap theo hai ch d dng co: tc d thp va tc d cao, no s nng cao hon cng
sut lon nht va va tng m men xon trong trong cac ch d lam vic cua dng
co. Khi dng co o s vong quay thp MIVC s chon bin dang cam nho va
cung cp hn hop chay n dnh, it khi xa. Khi buom ga duoc mo rng, tc d
dng co tng ln, MIVC s cho php tng thoi gian va hanh trinh mo cua
xupap nap, vi vy no s cung cp cho dng co cng sut va mmen lon hon hn
so voi cac dng co khng c dng cng ngh nay.
Hinh 2.J7 !]n+ 1u$t I m] men #)a On+ #" <t \V# khi 1^ &Pn+ C-?W!
Q 2 #h O
Dim dc bit cua cng ngh MIVC la vic b tri trn trc cam voi 3 bin dang
cam co kich thuoc khac nhau. Bin dang cam lon nht dt o giua va hai bin
dang cam nho va trung binh dt o hai bn (nhu hinh 2), mc du co 3 bin dang
cam nhu vy nhung ch tao ra 2 ch d dng co: Ch d tc d thp, s dng
bin dang cam nho, trung binh va ch d tc d cao s dng bin dang cam to.
ch d tc d thp, cac xupap nap duoc dn dng boi hai bin dang cam nho
va trung binh va s duoc diu khin dc lp boi hai co m ring bit, con bin
dang cam to nay duoc dn dng truc tip cn chu T, cn nay s diu khin ca
thoi gian va khoang mo cua ca hai xupap nap khi dng co chay o ch d tc d
cao.
Hnh 2.38 : B tr dn dng xupap np
Khi dng co chay o ch d tc d thp, cn chu T vn kt ni voi bin dang cam
to, nhung luc nay ch chuyn dng tu do va khng tip xuc voi co m cua xupap
nap. Khi do vu cam nho va trung binh duoc dn dng tu trc cam s diu khin
khoang nng va thoi dim mo thich hop cho xupap nap. Bn trong co m co cac
piston duoc nn lai nho cac lo xo, khi do cn T ch chuyn dng tu do va khng
diu khin cac co m. Ngoai ra, vic s dng hai bin dang cam khac nhau d
mo xupap nap khi o ch d tc d thp giup tao ra su xoay lc cho dong khi nap
di vao bn trong xilanh,lam qua trinh chay n dnh va giam luong khi thai.
Hinh 2.J7 !$u t2_# #)a h th=n+ C-?W!
Khi dng co o ch d tc d cao: MIVC s diu khin mo van du lam tng ap
sut du toi piston, khin cho piston duoc nng ln va tip xuc voi cn chu T,
khi do bin dang cam lon thng qua cn chu T tac dng vao ca hai co m va
diu khin dong mo xupap nap. Nho bin dang cam lon hon nn s tng thoi
gian va d mo cua xupap nap, vi vy s lam tng duoc cng sut va m men cua
dng co. H thng MIVC diu khin bn ch d vn hanh ti uu cua dng co
nhu sau:
Trong hu ht cac diu kin lam vic, d dam bao hiu sut nhin liu
cao nht, thoi gian dong xupap trung nhau tng ln d giam tn tht
bom. Thoi dim xupap xa mo duoc lam chm lai d tng t s nn,
tng tinh kinh t cua nhin liu.
o Khi cn cng sut cuc dai (tc d va tai trong cao), thoi dim dong
xupap nap duoc lam chm lai d dng nht hoa khng khi nap voi
th tich nap la lon nht.
o dai tc d thp va tai nng, MIVC dam bao ti uu mmen xon
do thoi dim xupap nap dong duoc lam som hon d dam bao du
luong khi nap. Cung luc do, thoi dim xupap xa mo duoc lam chm
lai d tng t s nn va cai thin hiu sut dng co.
o ch d khng tai, thoi dim xupap xa va nap trung nhau duoc
loai bo d n dnh qua trinh chay.
dng co 4G6 cua hng Mitsubishi (lp trn xe Grandis), khi tc d dng co
dat khoang 3600 vong/phut thi h thng MIVC s diu khin mo van du d
dng co hoat dng o ch d tc d cao, va khi tc d dng co giam xung duoi
3600 vong/phut van du s dong lai va dng co lai hoat dng o ch d tc d
thp.
Hin nay hng Mitsubishi d ung dng cng ngh MIVC trn xe Grandis 2.4
va trn xe Colt voi dng co 1.3L va 1.5L. Voi vic ung dng cng ngh nay s
giup giam duoc dang k chi phi nhin liu va giam thiu nhim mi truong.
2.6 Co cu VARIO CAM PLUS cua hng PORSCHE :
2.6.1 Cu to :
Nhng chic xe th thao mang nhn hiu PORSCHE lun ni ting trn th
gii. ng co cua xe PORSCHE 11 su xilanh nm ngang tng p s dng
h thng VARIO CAM PLUS. Co cu ny cho php thay di chng nhng
gc lm vic cua xupap m ca hnh trnh cua xupap theo ch d tai cua
dng co.
Hinh 2.40 Cu tao h thng phn phi khi kiu VAIO CAM PLUS .
1: Xupap 2: Lo xo xupap 3: Da chn 4: Lo xo diu khin dui xupap
5:Dui xupap 6: Bulng : Co cu diu khin 8: Da xich.
Co cu thay di goc lam vic cua xupap cng dua tren nguyn ly dch chuyn su
n khop giua cac banh rng. Khi banh rng nghing phia trong duoi tac dng
cua piston thuy luc chuyn dng doc trc buc banh rng nghing phia ngoai
chuyn dng quay tuong di mot goc lam cho trc cam co xu huon g mo xupap
som hon. Trc cam co hai cam lon va mt cam nho co tac dng truc tip vao
con di kp. Mi xupap cua co cu VAIO CAM PLUS dn dng boi mt con
di kp gm hai con di lp lp dng tm va co th truot tuong di voi nhau.
Hnh 2.N6 Yu; t2nh ho<t On+ #)a #" #$u ?a2io !am `lu1.
Con di tip xuc voi cam hanh trinh nho duoc lp phia trong va con di tip xuc
voi cam hanh trinh lon lp o phia ngoai. Khi cht thu luc co duong kinh 11mm
o v tri thao ( dch chuyn sang trai ) thia cam co hanh trinh nho tac dng vao
con di phia trong, luc nay hai con di co chuyn dng tuong di va xupap lam
vic voi hanh trinh nho. Khi cht o v tri cai ( dch chuyn sang phai ) con doi
nho va lon duoc cai cht va luc nay xupap lam vic voi hanh trinh lon. Co cu
dung trc cam thoi dim bin di de mo cac xupap nap som tai tc d cao (hinh
2). No co mt su ni mm giua da rng trc cam va trc cam. Su ni bao gm
piston thu luc duoc hoat dng boi ap luc du dng co va mt van diu khin
du duoc hoat dng boi cun solenoid. Khi b phn dieu khin din t (CM)
chuyn tin hiu dn cun solenoid d dong van, ap luc du p piston huong toi
truoc (huong v trc cam). Khi piston chuyn dng, banh rng trong cua piston
truot ln trn duong rng cua banh rng xon. Diu nay lam dch chuyn du
trc cam va lam tng thoi dim trc cam khoang 100, cac xupap nap mo som
hon. Cach khac d thay di thoi dim la thay vi dung mt trc cam, cac cun
solenoid din mo cac xupap. Mi solenoid duoc dt d piston cua no ti vao du
cua xupap. Cac cam bin goi thng tin o tc d tai va cac bin di khac cua
dng co dn CM dng co. Khi n au%t Rnh khi no I thi i(m 3ao lbu
d mo xupap. Tai mt thoi dim chinh xac, CM goi mt tin hiu din dn cun
solenoid. Diu nay tip thm nng luong cho cun solenoid vi vy piston cua no
ko dai ra va mo xupap. Tai cac tc d dng co cao hon, CM mo cac xupap
som hon va co th giu chung mo lu hon.
2.7 Co cu EMVT : IU KHIEN XUPPAP BNG IN
Hinh 2.42 : Co cu phn phi khi MVT
Co cu phn phi khi MVT la co cu diu khin xupap bng din . No khng
ging cac co cu diu khin khac , vic thay di hanh trinh xupap va pha phi
khi hoan toan bng din thong qua CU .Co nay khng s dng buom tit luu
( buom ga) d thay di luong hn hop trong xylanh . h thng nay nguoi ta
khng cn trc cam , con di , don ganh ,. va co cu truyn dng tu trc khuu
dn trc cam .
Vic dong mo xupap nho luc lo xo va tu truong nam chm din .Nhu vy thoi
gian dong mo ph thuc vao chuong trinh dnh sn va luc dng mo ph thuc
vao khi luong chuyn dng cua xupap . Co cu co hai tu truong nhm dam bao
su dng mo cua xupap duoc hoang chnh .
D ung dng MVT vao dng co phai giai quyt hang loat nhim v nhu:
Tinh nng cua b CU ph co pham vi hoat dng rng , h thng cng cp din
nng cho co cu phi khi MVT co cng sut 1.-2K , cn thit k co cu
Valve Control Unit thich hop
2.8 Co cu EVHS : din _ thuy lc
H thng phi khi VHS s dng nguyn ly diu khin din thu luc duoc
hng Daim Ben s dng trn cac xe th h moi cua hng nay . No cho php
thay di hanh trinh va pha phi khi cua xupap theo ch d tai cua dng co ,
Uu dim ni bt cua h thng la chuyn dng cua xupap duoc thuc hin boi van
tu truong va ap sut theo mt chuong trinh duoc tinh toan sn va duoc diu
khin boi CU
CHONG III : CC H HONG , PHONG PHP KIEM TRA V SUA
CHUA CO CU PHAN PHI KHI
3.1 Hu ho ng cua co cu phi khi thung do 2 nguyn nhn : Xu pap
dong khng kin v Xu pap la m vic co ting go
Cac hu hong cua cac b phn thay di hanh trinh xupap:
1. Xu pap dong khng kin:
Trong khi lam vic xu pap dong khng kin va bi ro hoi la do ra xu pap khng
tt, khe ho xu pap qua nho, lo xo xu pap qua yu hoc bi gay v.v. Nu khe ho
xu pap qua nho thi co cu phi khi lam vic chiu nhit d cao bi gian no, du
don ganh se lun d i vao thn xu pap lam cho xu pap dong khng kin va bi ro
hoi.
2. Xu pap lam vic co ting go :
Khe ho xu pap qua lon: khi chay voi tc d thp thi o np dy xu pap co ting
ku lach tach ro rang, lin tuc.
Nu lo xo bi gay thi khi lam vic se phat ra ting go nhe.
Truong hop khe ho giua thn xu pap va ng dn qua lon ta co th nghe thy
ting go nhe voi m diu trung binh.
Con di bi ket trong ng dn lam cho xu pap di xung khng duoc linh hoat,
khi roi xung se va dp vao truc cam khi may chay voi tc d thp hoc trung
binh se phat ra ting go yu nhung rt ro.
3.2 Cc hu hng cua cc b phn tay di hnh trnh xupap
Lo xo hi v : lo xo yu anh huong dn su lam vic ca dng co khi o tc d
cao , xupap phai dng m nhanh d bi gy hoc yu lo xo .m khng du luc hi
v la v tri ban du .
Nguyn nhn : do lam vic trong diu kin tc d cao , lam vic o thoi giang dai
dn ra hu hong trn.
Trc cam : Trc cam nut ngm, b cng , gy do lam vic lau dai trong diu
kin nhit d cao , khng dam bao dung dinh ky , du bi tron bn lam nght
hoac la khng duoc bi tron du trong qua trinh lam vic.
Cc truot: coc truoc co th b cac vt cao, xuoc trong mt hot la ngoai coc
truoc . do d va van b co cac vt cao xuoc , co vt mm cua kim loai lo so b
giam d dang hi .
Nguyn nhn: do trong luc lam vic o nhit d cao , lam vic lin tc pittng
chuyn dng len xung nhiu ln lam mon va ma xac voi than coc truot lam cac
mac kim loai b vng ra hoa voi du lam cho su boi tron khng duoc tt mam
chuyn dng ln xung theo thng lo xo va b lam coc truot mau mon cao xuoc
lo xo yu hon, van b cao xuoc
Co m: it khi b hu hong nhung co th b gi do lam vic lu dai trong diu
kin nht d cao, chiu suc nn lon
Cht ham : do chuyn dng trong co m nn xy ra hin tuong ma sac lam
mon chi tit gy ra sai goc lch phun som
Cac cam bin : ngoai ra cac hu hng cua cng tt ap xut du va cac cam bin
va van diu khin du nhu b tt , duong dy ni tu CU, b li.. gy nn hoat
dng km cua h thng vi ap sut du khng du diu khin chuyn trc cam hot
la vu cam sang ch d khac hot gy nn diu kin sai hanh trinh dng mo cua
suppap
Cam bin v tri buom ga: duoc lp trn c hong gio cam bin ny bin di goc
mo buom ga thanh din ap, duoc truyn dn CU dng co nhu tinh hiu mo
buom ga ( VTA). Ngoai ra mt s thit b truyn mt tinh hiu IDL ring bit .
cac b phn khac xac dnh no luc tai thoi dim chay khng taikhi din ap VTA
nay duoi gia tr chun.
Cam bin v tri trc khuu ( b tao tin hiu toi N) : tin hiu N duoc CU
dng co s dng d phat hin goc cua trc khuu va tc d cua dng co. CU
cua dng co dung tin hiu N d tin toan thoi gian phun co ban va goc danh la
som co ban . Di voi tin hiu N duoc tao ra boi khe khng khi gia cam bin
trc khuu va cac rng trn chu vicua roto tin hiu N duoc lp trn trc khuu.
Cam bin nhit d nuoc lam mat va cam bin nhit d khi nap : cam bin nhit
d nuoc lam mat duoc gn cac nhit din tro bn trong , nhit tro cang thp , tr
s din tro cang cao , nguoc lai nhit d cang cao, tr s din tro cang thp . va
su thay di v gia tr din tro ca nhit din tro nay duoc s dng d cac thay
di nhit d nuoc lam mat va khng khi nap .
Cam bin luu luong khi nap : la mt trong nhung cam bin quan trong nht
no duoc s dng trong I kiu L d phat hin khi luong hoc th tich khng
khi nap . tin hiu ca khi luong hoc khng khi nap duoc dung d tinh hthoi
luong khi nap chu yu duoc chia thanh hai loai Kiu canh va kiu gian phun co
ban va goc danh la som co ban .Cam bin gia xoay quan hoc Karman .
Hin nay hu ht cac loai xe sa dng cam bin luu luong khi nap kiu dy va
no do chinh xat hon , trong luong nh hon va d bn cao hon.
Cam bin tc d : cam bin tc d duoc gn o hp s va duoc dn dng o
banh rng chu dng ca cng to mt .Cam bin tc d bao gm mt mach tich
hop hoat dng nho tu tro va cam bin HALL gn bn trong mt nam chm bn
cuc. Khi xe bt du hoat dng thi cac vung nan chm bt du quay , cam bin
tc d s phat ra cca tin hiu xung . Co hai kiu mach ra :
kiu din ap phat ra .
Kiu din tro thay di .
3.3 Phuong php kim tra hu hng v co cu phn phi kh .
Lo xo hi v :
Dung dng c d do p voi luc , n lo xo lai .Di chiu khoang dch chuyn
dn khi lo xo nn lai voi luc p trn, so voi khoang cach ti chun . Nu lon hon
lo xo yu phai thay .
Kim tra do vung gc cu lo xo: Dung e ke thp d kim tra .Dt thuoc trn
mt tm phng .dung dung lo xo trn mt du cua no trn tm phng va dch
chuy lo xo ln trn theo thuoc . Xoay lo xo va chu y khoang cach giua vong
dy lo xo trn cung voi thuoc . Nu d vung goc vuot qua cho php .Phai thay
moi .
Cc truoc ( con di) :
Kim tra mt trong , mt ngoai than cc truot , cac vt cao xuoc nhin bng mt
thuong . Dung kinh luc d phat hin cca khuyt tt cua pitng tay pittng nu
mt ngoai cua no b cao xuoc co cam nhn bng ngon tay .
Kim tra muc ro r du trn b ga chuyn dung , con di nhung ngp trong binh
chua dy du trn b ga , dung bom co tay bom .Khng khi b dn ht ra khi
con di.M uc lot du ch trn dng h ( thoi gian giua cac dim trn dng h )
trong khoang 12 dn 40s d dam bao su lam vic cua con di.
Trc cam :
Dt trc cam ln khi V.
S dng dng h so k d d dao tai co trc giua.
Xay trc cam mt vong , d x dch ca kim dng h so k biu th d cong cua
trc.
D cng lon nht 0.06 mm nu co d cong lon hon gia tr lon nht thay trc
cam hoc nn lai trc cam .
Kim tra d xon : Trong qua trinh lam vic trc cam co th b xon , khi b
xon thi phai thay moi trc cam.
Kim tra khe hoi doc trc : Tr s khe hoi trc cam rt b no dam bao cho trc
cam chuyn dng trong qua trinh lam vic
Bt trc cam vao than may xic cht tn chn o du trc cam .ruong hop trc
cam lp trn np may thi phai xic cht cac o d .
Dy trc cam ht v mt phia.
Dt so k tuy vao trc cam.
Ko trc cam nguoc lai d x dch cua kim dng h so k chinh la tr s khe ho.
Khe hoi tiu chun : 0.08 dn 0.1 mm
Khe hoi lon nht : 0.3 mm.
Nu jhe hoi lon hon gia tr lon nht thay trc cam . Nu cn thit thay np o trc
va np quy lat .
Kim tra chiu cao cua vu cam : Nu nhu vu cam b mon thi luong khi nap
vao xi lanh s khng dy va khi chay s khng duoc thay sach .
Phuong phap kim tra :
Dung panme do chiu cao cua cac vu cam sau do so sanh tr s cua nha ch tao
Chiu cao vu cam tiu chun :
Cam nap tu : 35.21 - 35.31 mm .
Cam xa tu : 34.1- 35.013 mm.
Nu chiu cao vu cam nho hon 34,51 mm thi thay th trc cam.
Cac cam bin .
3.4 Kim tra cam bin .
Cam bin trc khuu :
Kim tra khe hoi khng khi , dung thuoc la d khe hoi giua r to tin hiu va vu
li trn cun dy tin hiu .
Khe ho khng khi : 0.2 - 0.4 mm . Nu khe ho nay khng dung thi thay b chia
din .
Kim tra din tro cun dy tin hiu , dung m k do din tro giua cuc N va
N ,din tro cun dy tin hiu :140 180 . nu din tro khng dung tiu chun ,
thay cun dy can bin .
Cam bin buom ga :
Buoc 1 : ngt gic cm cua cam bin .
Buoc 2: Dt thuoc la vao giua vit chn buom ga va cn han ch .
Buoc 3 : Dung m k d din tro giua cac cuc .
Diu chnh cam bin buom ga :
Buoc 1: noi long 2 dai c cam bin .
Buoc 2: Dt thuoc la vao giua vit chn buom ga va cn han ch buom ga .
Buoc 3: Ni du do cua m k vao cuc IDL va E cua cam bin buom ga .
Buoc 4: xoay tu tu cam bin buom ga theo chiu kim dng h cho dn khi kim
cua m k bt du dch chuyn va giua cht buom ga bng vit.
Buoc 5: Kim tra tinh thong mach giua IDL va 2 .
Cach sa chua hu hong cua co cu phn phi khi :
Lo xo hi v : Duoc thay th bng cach lay mong hm ra va ly da lo xo ra ,
khi p lo xo xung ri ly lo xo xupap ra , cach lp thi nguoc lai .
Trc cam : nu trc cam cong qua 0.05 mm duoc nn lai cho thng .Dt trc
cam ln hai khi V o c trc chinh du va dui giua trc co dng h so d kim
tra d bin dang . Thit b p dung kich thuy luc bng tay voi ap k chnh thuy
luc nn .Khi nn phai p trc cong theo huong nguoc lai voi chiu cng ban
du mt luong bin dang du moi lam cho trc thng lai , dng thoi khng gy
cng theo chiu moi va khng lam gy trc .
Trc cam bng thp hop kim , luong bin dang khi nn co th gp 10- ln d
cng moi dat hiu qua nn chia nhiu ln p d trc tu tu thng , o ln p cui
cung duy truy luc p trong nhiu gio nhm tao ra ung sut du , kh ht ung sut
bin dang ban du .
Cc truot ( con di ) : khi con di b hu hong nn thay moi .
Co m : Co mo b gy nn thay moi .
Cht hm : khi b may mon sut me thi nn thay moi.
Cam bin : khi b hng hay li thay moi .
KT LUN
Qua qua trinh nghin cuu va tim hiu d tai ` H THNG PHN PHI KHI
THNG MINH`` co th rut ra mt s kt lun sau:
Qua tim hiu thi h thng phn phi khi duoc trang b trn t rt phong phu
va da dang tuy theo hng xe khac nhau ma cac h thng phn phi khi duoc
trang b cung khac nhau.
Tt ca cac co cu do diu huong dn mt dich tit kim nhin liu , dng co
chay dat cng xut cao hon.
Mc du cng co su tham gia cua diu khin bng din nhung chua hoan toan ,
vn con nhiu phn diu khin bng co khi . Cac co cu do diu ly mt di mt
phn nao do cng xut cua dng co .
Dap ung duoc nhu cu v phn phi khi co hiu qua nhung no tiu hao cng
sut cua dng co qua nhiu , co cu qua nhiu chi tit , gia thanh mt thi co cu
do cng kho chp nhn .
Voi su phat trin manh m cua khoa hoc k thut , em mong rng nghanh
cng ngh t s cho ra nhiu co cu tt hon , hiu qua hon , dt bit la v
nhin liu thay th nhin liu hoa thach ngay cang can kit .
T
TI LIU THAM KHO
Ti4u #u5n tt nghip : 67 T689 :6; :68< =6> T6?9 @<6 VVT/<
TAB ? T? : CV : 9DEF VG T6H@.
T(*ng IJp:
IIIKoto/hui.co+
III.thu,iJnoto.co+
III.L*igi*ng.co+
III.oto332.co+
MMMMMM..

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Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I

TIU LUN TT NGHIP

CHONG I : GII THIU SO LC V CO CU PHAN PHI KHI

GVHD: NGUYN HUYNH THI SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYEN 30

Co m thu nht va co m thu hai duoc tach roi, do vu cam A va B diu

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