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ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY

GENERATOR CONSTRUCTION The two main parts of any rotating A.C machine are its Stator and Rotator. The stator frame support the stator core and three A.C phase windings. The Stator core is assembled from laminated steel with the windings housed in slot around the inner periphery of the cylindrical core. The stator coils are interconnected (in the end winding region) to form three separate phase winding with six ends. These phases ends is found in stator terminal box general label A ! C (as shown) or " S T or # $ %. &n some cases only three terminals are a'ailable in the terminal box( here the natural or star point connection forms part of the stator winding arrangement. The main out going cables connected to these terminals conducts the generators electric power to its circuit brea)er at the main switchboard. The rotor of a main A.C generator pro'ides the field excitation from its electromagnetic poles. Two constructional forms of rotor are a'ailable (*) salient pole and (+) cylindrical. Salient pole type has pro,ecting poles bolted or )eyed onto the shaft hub. -ield excitation winding are fitted around each pole. This type of rotor is used with medium and slow shaft speed (* .// rpm and below) and it0s the most common arrangement for marine generator. Cylindrical type rotors are generally used with high speed (* 1// 2 3 4// rpm) steam5 gas turbine dri'es. The excitation windings are wedged into axial slot around the steel rotor. #nwound sections of the rotor from its pole faces between the winding. "6T6" -&789 C6::7CT&6:S The rotor poles are supplied with direct current 9.C from an exciter. &f the exciter re;uirements is con'entional 9.C generator or its static the excitation current is fed into the field windings 'ia carbon brushes on the pairs of shaft mounted slip rings. To eliminate the maintenance program associated with rotating contacts the brushless arrangement is widely used in marine generators. All brush gear communicator and slip ring are eliminated by using an A.C exciter with its out put being rectified by shaft mounted silicon diodes. The diodes mounted on the shaft con'ert the A.C exciter output to 9.C which is they fed directly to the main generator rotor field windings. :otes< The A.C exciter has its own field poles fitted on its stator why the rotor carries its three phase0s A.C exciter out put windings. This construction lay out is in'erted compared with that of the main generator. =7:7"AT6" C668&:= >ower losses typically */? of the generator reading cause internal heating in the winding and cores of both rotor and stator. This heat must be continuously dumped (reduced) elsewhere to pre'ent excessi'e temperature rise causing brea)down of the winding insulation. -orce air circulation in a closed circuit (to pre'ent ingress of dirt) 'ia and a fan on the rotor shaft pressuri@es air cooler. Cooling air is forced through 'entilation ducts in the stator core between rotor poles and through the air gap (a few millimeter wide) between stator and rotor.

ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY

%ater cooling of the circulating air may also be used for generators with a large power rating. Temperature detectors (resistance types thermistors or thermocouples) are used to monitor the temperature of stator winding bearings and the cooling air5 water of the generator. Single or grouped temperature alarms are acti'ated at the main watch )eeping position.

&nspection window 9rain coc) 9ial thermometer Stator lamination

emergency air flat

%ater trap "otor pole Slip ring coupling 7ngine

Air seal Aeater >edesdal bearing (roller or ,ournal) -an !ed plate

%hile the generator is stopped during standBby or maintenance period low power electric heater within the machine pre'ent internal condensation forming on the winding insulation. These heaters may be switches on manually or automatically from auxiliary contacts on the generator circuit brea)er. Aeater power supply are normally ++/$ A.C single phase supply from a distribution box local to the generator.