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F -` W o r d D o c u m e n t C o m p O b j F Microsoft Word 6.0 Document MSWordDoc 9q > > Symbol System Times New Roman Times New Roman Symbol 0 Courier New Brandon C. Hall Tuesday, January 28, 1997 Chapter 10 Chemical Basis of Genetics 12.2 Structure of DNA Breakthrough in genetic research took place in 1953 at Cambridge Univers ity in Great Britain. By James D. Watson, an american biologist, and Francis H. C. Crick, a British biophysicist, discovered the structure of DNA. 1/4 Existing Knowledge of DNA Levene in the 1920's found that DNA contained four nitrogen-carrying bas es called adenine, guanine, thymine , and cytosine. Five-carbon sugar deoxyribo se. Together with a phoshate group is called nucleotide. The Watson-Crick Model Then sequence of the nucleotides is the code that controls the productio n of all the proteins of an organism. A gene is a sequence of nucleotides that controls the production of a polypeptide of an RNA molcule. 12.4 DNA and RNA DNA, with its blueprint for protein synthesis, is located in the cell nu cleus. Yet the maufacture of protein moleculestakes place in the cytoplasm of th e cell on the structures called ribosomes. DNA molecules do not leave the nucleu s to control the production of the protein. Instead, another type of nucleic ac id acts as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes and carries out protein synthe sis. This nucleic acid is called RNA, or ribonucleic(ry boh noo klee ihk) acid. Three kinds of RNA = messenger mRNA, Transfer tRNA, Ribosomal rRna. RNA contains ribose instead of deoxyribose and uracil instead of thymine

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