Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Occupation: Masonry l2
Unit of Competency:
CONTENT
TITLE
PAGE
INRODUCTION------------------------------------------------------------------3
SUMMARY OF LEARNINIG OUT COMES-----------------------------3
HOW TO USE THIS TTLM---------------------------- ---------------------3
LEARNING GUIDE---------------------------------------------------------------3
INFORMATION SHEET =1----------------------------------------------------4
OPERATION SHEET=1--------------------------------------------------------5
Self- check= 1-----------------------------------------------------------------------5
Model ANSWER=1--------------------------------------------------- ------------5
INFORMATION SHEET =2-------------------------------------- ------------6
OPERATION SHEET=2--------------------------------------------------------6
Self- check= 2----------------------------------------------------------------------6
Model ANSWER=2---------------------------------------------------------------7
INFORMATION SHEET=3----------------------------------------------------7
OPERATION SHEET=3--------------------------------------------------------12
Self- check= 3-----------------------------------------------------------------------13
Model ANSWER=3----------------------------------------------------------------13
INFORMATION SHEET=4----------------------------------------------------13
OPERATION SHEET=4-------------------------------------------------------14
Self- check= 4----------------------------------------------------------------------14
Model ANSWER=4---------------------------------------------------------------14
INFORMATION SHEET=5----------------------------------------------------15
OPERATION SHEET=5-------------------------------------------------------15
Self- check =5----------------------------------------------------------------------15
Model ANSWER=5---------------------------------------------------------------15
INFORMATION SHEET=6-----------------------------------------------------17
OPERATION SHEET=6--------------------------------------------------------17
Self- check =6----------------------------------------------------------------------17
Model ANSWER=6---------------------------------------------------------------17
INFORMATION SHEET=7---------------------------------------------------18
OPERATION SHEET=7-------------------------------------------------------18
LAP TEST---------------------------------------------------------------------------19
REFERANCES------------------------------------------------------- -------------19
Introduction
In this chapter you learn about setting out masonry structure .industry certification & the
prepare to help you achieve the required competence setting out masonry structure. This
will be source of information you to a quire knowledge & skill in this particular
occupation with minimum super vision help from trainer.
SUMMARY OF LEARNINIG OUT COMES
after completing this training guide you should be to ;
LO1. Plan and prepare
LO2. Identify and indicate site boundaries
LO3. Set out first line for building alignment
LO4. Set out right angled corners
LO5. Install other building lines
LO6. Checking Building lines for square
LO7: Clean up
HOW TO USE THIS TTLM
Read through the learning guide carefully. It is divided into sections that cover all
the skills & knowledge that you need.
Read information sheets &complete the self check at the end of each section to
check your progress.
Read &make sure to practice the activities in the operation sheets. Ask your
trainer to show you the correct way to do things or talk to more experienced
person for guidance.
*when you are ready ask your trainer for instructional assessment and provide you with
feed back from your performance.
LEARNING GUIDE
Learning activities
Special activities
INFORMATION SHEET 1
PLAN AND PREPARE
PURPOSE: - In this chapter you learn about how to prepare plans& setting out plans.
PLANAND PREPARE. In plan and prepare including specification operational details,
Material quantity e.t.c. The work man site preparation begins before you starting any work,
1. Building have been designed
2. Constraction documents have been approved
3. Main contractor has been appointed by the client to construct the building.
When deciding how to prepare for the building. The worker will frequently refer to the
working drawing and specifications this chapter describes the plan and prepares detailed from
the worker view point.
THE WORK MAN IN CLUDES THAT
OPERATION SHEET 1
OPERATION TITLE PLAN AND PREPARING
PURPOSE: - TO KNOW MORE ABOUT PLANS AND HOW IS PREPARED
CONDITIONS OF SITUATION
TOOLS AND MTERIALS:-
PAPER
FIXER
LEAD
DRAWING BOARD
SET SQUARE
T-SQUARE
etc
INFORMATION SHEET 2
IDENTIFY AND INDICATE SITE BOUDARIES
Setting out: - is the process on operation of laying out engineering projects by placing pegs on
the site of works. Setting out is the opposite of leveling that is data are transferred from plans to
the ground.
Pegs:- are short pointed wooden rods driving in to the ground to mark an excavation,
construction, etc .line or a level. A nail driven in top of the peg usually shows the position of the
point.
Batten boards (profile board) :- A horizontal board 150mm by 25mmcut to varying length. They
are nailed to 100mmx50mmx50mm square post, which have been pointed and driven into the
ground. Batten board or profile board located about 0.5-1.0m out side the limits of foundation
wall. The lines defined by nails in the top of the profile boards are the out side faces.
*Any worker man first job is to lay out the site boundaries as they are marked on drawing.
* A temporary access should be constructed so that vehicles can enter the site in all weather.
SITE REQUIRMENTS;
*facilities and service
*a site office with secure storage and work shop
*a toilet it may be chemicals or connected to main
drainage
*space for storing materials and machinery
*supply of fresh water for drinking, washing the building worker.
OPERATION SHEET 2
INFORMATION SHEET 3
Set out first line for building alignment
*there are three elements off setting out .those are builder square method 3.4.5
method, and leveling instrument.
1. Builders square method: 1. Set out the front or building line in the usual manner with pegs or marks at the
required distance.
2. Place the builders square so that front line touch one side if the square right through
its length.
3. Stretch a line from the peg so that it is parallel to second side of the square and
establish the third peg. A corner of angle 90 degree is thus obtained.
4. with the aid of a tape measure mark out the length and breadth of the proposed
building.
5. Transferring the builders square to the remaining corners and repeating the above
operations; a simple rectangular building can be set out.
6. After establishing the four corner pegs, profiles (separate or continuous) may be
erected in the same way.
2 The 3, 4, 5 method
1. Mark out the building line from the road by measuring the required distance from
the centre of the road, or by stretching a line along an existing building to the
proposed site. The building line is then, represented by a line knows the ranging
line, which also marks the front wall of the building as shown by GG1 in Fig.
2. Mark out the over all length of the building by driving pegs at A and B along the
ranging line.
3. Obtain two steel tape measures; mark out four equal distances on the ranging line
starting from the corner peg at B. These distances may be in any unit of
measurement. That is mm, cm, m etc.
4. Pull a tape measure from point B to C and ask an assistant to hold it, ready with
hammer and peg.
5. Pull the second tape from fourth mark at D on the ranging line to point E on the first
tape.
6. The distance 5m if using meters on tape DE should coincide with point 3m on tape
BEC. Then the angle B is 90 degree (from Pythagoras theorem). If the points do not
coincide, the tape BC is either shifted out wards or in wards until 5m on the second
tape coincide with the 3m marks on the first tape.
7. Repeat the same procedure to obtain the right angle for BAF and mark out the over
all width of the building.
8. Establish corner pegs and erect profiles.
9. Mark the position of partition wall on the profile with either nails or saw cut.
Ranging lines are stretched through these nails and the corner pegs to mark the
ground to indicate the line of excavation for the foundation trench.
When a right angle is to be set out, the corner of the angle and one side of the corner are
always known. One has only to find the second side. The square solves the problem in a very
simple, quick and reliable way.
1. Setting out of the front or building line in the usual manner, with pegs or
marks at the required distances.
Page1
Peg 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. Set up the tripod at peg 2 so that the datum rod is directly over the peg or mark, which
represents the corner point. Mark sure that the pegs are firm on the ground.
3. Release the spike screw and extend the spike so that it sits firmly on the nail or mark. Tighten
the screw.
4. Before mounting the instrument in to the tripod head, ensure that the locoing screw is
tightened. Screw on the site square. Release the locking screw. By rotating the site square, point
the lower telescope along the front or building line. Tight the locking screws.
1. Check the circular bubble over the top of the instrument. This will probably be found to
be off-centre. To correct this release the tripod leg screws and adjust the instrument
until the bubble comes in to the centre of the circle. When this is achieved, tighten the
tripod leg secure. The instrument is now ready to use.
2. When this position is obtained, measure the distance required to peg 3. Now by sighting
through the top telescope, taking care note to rotate the instrument to the right or left,
signal and assistant to move the peg side ways until it is dead on peg 3 is now
positioned at an angle of 900.
3. By removing the site square to peg 3 and living up on peg 2, the removing corner peg,
peg 4 can be set out using the procedures already given.
4. Profiles can be marked easily by lifting the telescope upwards, having sighted on to the
peg, and having a nail in the dead on position on the profile board.
OPERATION SHEET 3
OPERATION TITLE ELEMENTS OF SETTING OUT OUR FIRST LINE
PURPOSE; TO KNOW ELEMENTS OR TYPES OF SETTING OUT
CONDITIONS OF SITUATION; students know about setting out and types of setting out .
TOOLS AND MATERIALS;
*peg
*timber
*meter
*hummer
*builder square
*string
*nail
INFORMATION SHEET 4
SETTING OUT RIGHT ANGLE CORNER
Before you set out the right angle corner follow these steps;
1. Set out the front or building line in the usual manner with pegs or marks at the
required distance.
2. Place the builders square so that front line touch one side if the square right through
its length.
3. Stretch a line from the peg so that it is parallel to second side of the square and
establish the third peg. A corner of angle 90 degree is thus obtained.
4. With the aid of a tape measure mark out the length and breadth of the proposed
building.
5. Transferring the builders square to the remaining corners and repeating the above
operations; a simple rectangular building can be set out.
6. After establishing the four corner pegs, profiles (separate or continuous) may be
erected in the same way.
4-peg method
- it needs extra peg
- It needs shorter profile
- It allows free moving space along the corner.
Profiles are made of lumber having a minimum size of about 15mm*150mm, while the length is
decided by the width of the foundation excavation and method of fixing corners (3-peg method or
4-peg method).
For setting out right angle corners, either of the following methods may be used.
- Builders square
- 3-4-5 method
As the sides of the thread (3-4-5 method) or builders square increases, the better is the accuracy.
Once the profile boards are fixed, they should not be disturbed until the completion of basement
level (plinth) of the building.
Important Tools in Setting Out
- Water tube level:- It helps in vertical control of the profiles.
- Sprit level:- It controls the horizontality of the profiles.
- Wooden pegs
- Profiles
- Nails
- Line powder (chalk)
- Shovel
- Sledge hammer
- Mason line
- Tape
- Mason square
- Saw
- Plumb bob
- Theodolite with ranging poles
Example
Loose soil
Vegetation
Roots of tree
OPERATION SHEET 4
OPERATION TITLE SETTING OUT RIGHT ANGLE CORNER
PURPOSE ; KNOW SETTING OUT RIGHT ANGLE CORNER
CONDITIONS OF SITUATION; students know about setting out right angle corner.
TOOLS AND MATERIALS ;
TOOLS;*peg
*string
*nail
*timber
*hummer
*meter
*builder square
PROCEDURE; * prepare setting out tools
*measure exactly
*check builder square
PRECAUTION;*use safety tools and materials.
*wear safety shoes, over all clothes.
QUALITY CRITERIA; the student will be operate according to the procedure.
INFORMATION SHEET 5
INSTALL OTHER BUILDING LINES
ACTION
Find out the radius of the building from the working drawings.
Place a stake securely on the ground at the end of the radius in the centre of the
building.
Loop a piece of rope, which is the length of the radius of the building over the
reinforcing bar. Measure the distance to the inner and outer sides of the foundation
Fig. 5.
After measuring the radius and position the stake, place a 12 x 150mm board over the
reinforcing bar. This method can be used instead of setting out with rope. The board is
called a trammel.
Note: - You should measure the width of the foundation and masonry walls and mark the
top for further use.
INFORMATION SHEET 6
Checking Building lines for square
Before you finish setting out the building site check builder square at the corner to
check right angle corner that is 90 degree.
OPERATION SHEET 6
OPERATION TITLE; Building lines are checked for square
PURPOSE; To build exact buildings.
CONDITIONS OF SITUATION;
TOOLS AND MATERIALS;
TOOLS;*peg
*string
*nail
*timber
*hummer
*meter
*builder square
PROCEDURE; * prepare setting out tools
*measure exactly
*check builder square
C=?
80m
6
250m
2. Find the length of d
c 150m
100m
INFORMATION SHEET # 7
Clean up
Surfaces are cleaned as required by job, west materials are disposed of
In an appropriate manner & in accordance with environmental protection authority (EPA)
requirement. Tools and equipments are cleaned & stored.
Tools and equipment
Tool
material
-broom
water
-shovels
-wheel barrows
OPERATION SHEET# 7
OPERATIONTITLE: clean up
PURPOSE: to clean working area
TOOLS AND MTERIALS
TOOLS:
- Broom
Material:
-water
LAP TEST
NAME_________________
TIME STARTED_________
PRACTICAL DEMONSTRATION
DATE_____________
TIME FINISHING________