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Sector: Construction

Occupation: Masonry l2
Unit of Competency:

set out masonry structure

Module Title: setting out masonry structure


Institution:Alamata Tvet Center
(Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia)

CONTENT
TITLE
PAGE
INRODUCTION------------------------------------------------------------------3
SUMMARY OF LEARNINIG OUT COMES-----------------------------3
HOW TO USE THIS TTLM---------------------------- ---------------------3
LEARNING GUIDE---------------------------------------------------------------3
INFORMATION SHEET =1----------------------------------------------------4
OPERATION SHEET=1--------------------------------------------------------5
Self- check= 1-----------------------------------------------------------------------5
Model ANSWER=1--------------------------------------------------- ------------5
INFORMATION SHEET =2-------------------------------------- ------------6
OPERATION SHEET=2--------------------------------------------------------6
Self- check= 2----------------------------------------------------------------------6
Model ANSWER=2---------------------------------------------------------------7
INFORMATION SHEET=3----------------------------------------------------7
OPERATION SHEET=3--------------------------------------------------------12
Self- check= 3-----------------------------------------------------------------------13
Model ANSWER=3----------------------------------------------------------------13
INFORMATION SHEET=4----------------------------------------------------13
OPERATION SHEET=4-------------------------------------------------------14
Self- check= 4----------------------------------------------------------------------14
Model ANSWER=4---------------------------------------------------------------14
INFORMATION SHEET=5----------------------------------------------------15
OPERATION SHEET=5-------------------------------------------------------15
Self- check =5----------------------------------------------------------------------15
Model ANSWER=5---------------------------------------------------------------15
INFORMATION SHEET=6-----------------------------------------------------17
OPERATION SHEET=6--------------------------------------------------------17
Self- check =6----------------------------------------------------------------------17
Model ANSWER=6---------------------------------------------------------------17
INFORMATION SHEET=7---------------------------------------------------18
OPERATION SHEET=7-------------------------------------------------------18
LAP TEST---------------------------------------------------------------------------19
REFERANCES------------------------------------------------------- -------------19

Introduction
In this chapter you learn about setting out masonry structure .industry certification & the
prepare to help you achieve the required competence setting out masonry structure. This
will be source of information you to a quire knowledge & skill in this particular
occupation with minimum super vision help from trainer.
SUMMARY OF LEARNINIG OUT COMES
after completing this training guide you should be to ;
LO1. Plan and prepare
LO2. Identify and indicate site boundaries
LO3. Set out first line for building alignment
LO4. Set out right angled corners
LO5. Install other building lines
LO6. Checking Building lines for square
LO7: Clean up
HOW TO USE THIS TTLM
Read through the learning guide carefully. It is divided into sections that cover all
the skills & knowledge that you need.
Read information sheets &complete the self check at the end of each section to
check your progress.
Read &make sure to practice the activities in the operation sheets. Ask your
trainer to show you the correct way to do things or talk to more experienced
person for guidance.
*when you are ready ask your trainer for instructional assessment and provide you with
feed back from your performance.

LEARNING GUIDE
Learning activities

Special activities

Read topic plane & prepare

Refer to in formation sheet 1


Compare your answer with model answer 1

Answer self check 1


Read topic on identify & indicate site boundaries

Refer to in formation sheet 2

Answer self check 2


Read topic on elements of setting out our first line for
building alignment

Compare your answer with model answer 2


Refer to in formation sheet 3

Read topic on set out right angle corner

Refer to in formation sheet 4

Read topic on building lines checked for square


Answer self check 3
Answer self check 4

Refer to in formation sheet 5


Compare your answer with model answer 3
Compare your answer with model answer 4

Performance lap test setting out masonry structure

Refer to lap test

INFORMATION SHEET 1
PLAN AND PREPARE
PURPOSE: - In this chapter you learn about how to prepare plans& setting out plans.
PLANAND PREPARE. In plan and prepare including specification operational details,
Material quantity e.t.c. The work man site preparation begins before you starting any work,
1. Building have been designed
2. Constraction documents have been approved
3. Main contractor has been appointed by the client to construct the building.
When deciding how to prepare for the building. The worker will frequently refer to the
working drawing and specifications this chapter describes the plan and prepares detailed from
the worker view point.
THE WORK MAN IN CLUDES THAT

The worker expected to carry out the building work.


Using appropriate knowledge, skill l, and attitude.
Efficiently and with out delay.
Using the most appropriate materials.
Ensuring the health and safety regulations are observed.

OPERATION SHEET 1
OPERATION TITLE PLAN AND PREPARING
PURPOSE: - TO KNOW MORE ABOUT PLANS AND HOW IS PREPARED
CONDITIONS OF SITUATION
TOOLS AND MTERIALS:-

PAPER
FIXER
LEAD
DRAWING BOARD
SET SQUARE

T-SQUARE

etc

PROCEDURE: Prepare drawing board


Prepare tools used to draw a plan that is paper, fixer,
and lead, drawing board, set square t .square read to the
works.
Prepare leads size by size
PRECAUTION: Use safety tools and materials.
Put drawing table on the level surface.
Care from sharp materials of drawing.
QUALITY CRITERIA:-the students can evaluate his success in performing the operation.
SELF CHECK 1
GIVE SHORT ANSWER
1) In plan and prepare including____________, _________&_________.
2) The work man site preparation begins before you starting any work including such as:
Model answer
1________________
2________________

INFORMATION SHEET 2
IDENTIFY AND INDICATE SITE BOUDARIES
Setting out: - is the process on operation of laying out engineering projects by placing pegs on
the site of works. Setting out is the opposite of leveling that is data are transferred from plans to
the ground.
Pegs:- are short pointed wooden rods driving in to the ground to mark an excavation,
construction, etc .line or a level. A nail driven in top of the peg usually shows the position of the
point.
Batten boards (profile board) :- A horizontal board 150mm by 25mmcut to varying length. They
are nailed to 100mmx50mmx50mm square post, which have been pointed and driven into the
ground. Batten board or profile board located about 0.5-1.0m out side the limits of foundation
wall. The lines defined by nails in the top of the profile boards are the out side faces.

*Any worker man first job is to lay out the site boundaries as they are marked on drawing.
* A temporary access should be constructed so that vehicles can enter the site in all weather.
SITE REQUIRMENTS;
*facilities and service
*a site office with secure storage and work shop
*a toilet it may be chemicals or connected to main
drainage
*space for storing materials and machinery
*supply of fresh water for drinking, washing the building worker.

OPERATION SHEET 2

OPERATION TITLE IDENTIFING AND INDICATING SITE BOUDARIES


PURPOSE; trainees how to identify and indicate site
CONDITIONS OF SITUATION; trainees how to identify and indicate site in the site seasons
that is in winter
TOOLS AND MTERIALS

PROCEDURE; * Prepare to work


*Prepare site plans
*prepare site requirements
*clear site from unnecessary soils
PRECAUTION * use safety tools and materials.
* wear safety -shoes, over all cloth.
QUALITY CRITERIA; the student will be evaluate his success in performing the
operation.
SELF CHECK 2
SAY TRUE OR FALSE
1. Any worker man first job is lay out the site boundaries.
2, a worker man is constructed a permanent building in the building site.
3. A site office with secure storage and work shops are a well managed sites.
4. space for storing material and machinery, cement should be kept in the moisture locked
store.
5. Supply of fresh water fore drinking, washing the building worker is a good site
requirement.
Model answer
1. True
4. False
2. False
5. True
3. True

INFORMATION SHEET 3
Set out first line for building alignment
*there are three elements off setting out .those are builder square method 3.4.5
method, and leveling instrument.

1. Builders square method: 1. Set out the front or building line in the usual manner with pegs or marks at the
required distance.
2. Place the builders square so that front line touch one side if the square right through
its length.
3. Stretch a line from the peg so that it is parallel to second side of the square and
establish the third peg. A corner of angle 90 degree is thus obtained.
4. with the aid of a tape measure mark out the length and breadth of the proposed
building.
5. Transferring the builders square to the remaining corners and repeating the above
operations; a simple rectangular building can be set out.
6. After establishing the four corner pegs, profiles (separate or continuous) may be
erected in the same way.

2 The 3, 4, 5 method
1. Mark out the building line from the road by measuring the required distance from
the centre of the road, or by stretching a line along an existing building to the
proposed site. The building line is then, represented by a line knows the ranging
line, which also marks the front wall of the building as shown by GG1 in Fig.
2. Mark out the over all length of the building by driving pegs at A and B along the
ranging line.
3. Obtain two steel tape measures; mark out four equal distances on the ranging line
starting from the corner peg at B. These distances may be in any unit of
measurement. That is mm, cm, m etc.
4. Pull a tape measure from point B to C and ask an assistant to hold it, ready with
hammer and peg.
5. Pull the second tape from fourth mark at D on the ranging line to point E on the first
tape.
6. The distance 5m if using meters on tape DE should coincide with point 3m on tape
BEC. Then the angle B is 90 degree (from Pythagoras theorem). If the points do not
coincide, the tape BC is either shifted out wards or in wards until 5m on the second
tape coincide with the 3m marks on the first tape.
7. Repeat the same procedure to obtain the right angle for BAF and mark out the over
all width of the building.
8. Establish corner pegs and erect profiles.
9. Mark the position of partition wall on the profile with either nails or saw cut.
Ranging lines are stretched through these nails and the corner pegs to mark the
ground to indicate the line of excavation for the foundation trench.

Fig. 2. 3.4.5 method


3.The

Site Square Method/Leveling Instruments/

When a right angle is to be set out, the corner of the angle and one side of the corner are
always known. One has only to find the second side. The square solves the problem in a very
simple, quick and reliable way.
1. Setting out of the front or building line in the usual manner, with pegs or
marks at the required distances.
Page1
Peg 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. Set up the tripod at peg 2 so that the datum rod is directly over the peg or mark, which
represents the corner point. Mark sure that the pegs are firm on the ground.
3. Release the spike screw and extend the spike so that it sits firmly on the nail or mark. Tighten
the screw.
4. Before mounting the instrument in to the tripod head, ensure that the locoing screw is
tightened. Screw on the site square. Release the locking screw. By rotating the site square, point
the lower telescope along the front or building line. Tight the locking screws.
1. Check the circular bubble over the top of the instrument. This will probably be found to
be off-centre. To correct this release the tripod leg screws and adjust the instrument

until the bubble comes in to the centre of the circle. When this is achieved, tighten the
tripod leg secure. The instrument is now ready to use.
2. When this position is obtained, measure the distance required to peg 3. Now by sighting
through the top telescope, taking care note to rotate the instrument to the right or left,
signal and assistant to move the peg side ways until it is dead on peg 3 is now
positioned at an angle of 900.
3. By removing the site square to peg 3 and living up on peg 2, the removing corner peg,
peg 4 can be set out using the procedures already given.
4. Profiles can be marked easily by lifting the telescope upwards, having sighted on to the
peg, and having a nail in the dead on position on the profile board.

Fig 4. Setting out with leveling instrument.

OPERATION SHEET 3
OPERATION TITLE ELEMENTS OF SETTING OUT OUR FIRST LINE
PURPOSE; TO KNOW ELEMENTS OR TYPES OF SETTING OUT
CONDITIONS OF SITUATION; students know about setting out and types of setting out .
TOOLS AND MATERIALS;

*peg
*timber

*meter

*hummer

*builder square

*string
*nail

PROCEDURE; * prepare setting out tools


*measure exactly

*check builder square


PRECAUTION;* use safety tools and materials.
* wear safety shoes, over all clothes.
QUALITY CRITERIA; the student will be operate according to the procedure.

INFORMATION SHEET 4
SETTING OUT RIGHT ANGLE CORNER
Before you set out the right angle corner follow these steps;
1. Set out the front or building line in the usual manner with pegs or marks at the
required distance.
2. Place the builders square so that front line touch one side if the square right through
its length.
3. Stretch a line from the peg so that it is parallel to second side of the square and
establish the third peg. A corner of angle 90 degree is thus obtained.
4. With the aid of a tape measure mark out the length and breadth of the proposed
building.
5. Transferring the builders square to the remaining corners and repeating the above
operations; a simple rectangular building can be set out.
6. After establishing the four corner pegs, profiles (separate or continuous) may be
erected in the same way.

Setting Out of Foundation Plan


It is transferring the building plan on to the ground site. Setting out fixes the positions of the
building corners on to the profiles which are fixed at the corners pegs. Settings out procedures are
classified into two:
Horizontal control:- Fixing the corners
Vertical control: - transferring the corners at specific elevations.
Profiles are made by driving two pegs in to the ground well away from the edge of the excavation and
fixing a batten board (profile board) on to the pegs (horizontal control); and then leveling the profiles with
respect to benchmark or site datum (vertical control).
Before starting the settings out necessary materials must be ready. For each corner to fix either 3peg method or 4-peg method may be adopted as per convenience.
3-peg method
- It saves the number of pegs
- It needs longer profile

4-peg method
- it needs extra peg
- It needs shorter profile
- It allows free moving space along the corner.

Profiles are made of lumber having a minimum size of about 15mm*150mm, while the length is
decided by the width of the foundation excavation and method of fixing corners (3-peg method or
4-peg method).

For setting out right angle corners, either of the following methods may be used.
- Builders square
- 3-4-5 method

As the sides of the thread (3-4-5 method) or builders square increases, the better is the accuracy.
Once the profile boards are fixed, they should not be disturbed until the completion of basement
level (plinth) of the building.
Important Tools in Setting Out
- Water tube level:- It helps in vertical control of the profiles.
- Sprit level:- It controls the horizontality of the profiles.
- Wooden pegs
- Profiles
- Nails
- Line powder (chalk)
- Shovel
- Sledge hammer
- Mason line
- Tape
- Mason square
- Saw
- Plumb bob
- Theodolite with ranging poles
Example

Fig 3.1...Setting out of a proposed building w.r.t. the existing one


Setting out Procedure
Horizontal Control
- Locate the site & understand the orientation
- Range a line along the edge of the existing building & fix the pegs at corners A & B
- Set right angle at A&B using 3-4-5 method or builders square and fix C&D respectively
- Check line DC, AC&BD
- Mark the lines along ABCD with lime powder
- Drive the pegs at calculated distances.
Vertical Control
- Mark on the pegs (saw cut) with the help of water tube level
- Fix the profile board on the peg abutting the top of the profile with the saw out mark
- Check the horizontality of the profile with sprit level
- Cross-check the elevation of profiles with theodolite
* Minimum distance of profile from excavated trench= 1000mm for loose soil
700mm for stiff soil

Loose soil
Vegetation
Roots of tree

OPERATION SHEET 4
OPERATION TITLE SETTING OUT RIGHT ANGLE CORNER
PURPOSE ; KNOW SETTING OUT RIGHT ANGLE CORNER
CONDITIONS OF SITUATION; students know about setting out right angle corner.
TOOLS AND MATERIALS ;
TOOLS;*peg

*string
*nail
*timber
*hummer
*meter
*builder square
PROCEDURE; * prepare setting out tools
*measure exactly
*check builder square
PRECAUTION;*use safety tools and materials.
*wear safety shoes, over all clothes.
QUALITY CRITERIA; the student will be operate according to the procedure.

INFORMATION SHEET 5
INSTALL OTHER BUILDING LINES

Setting out circular buildings


Circular buildings need profiles that move.
Setting up a moving profile for a circular building.
STEP
1

ACTION
Find out the radius of the building from the working drawings.

Mark out this measurement on the ground.

Place a stake securely on the ground at the end of the radius in the centre of the
building.

Drill a 12mm hole in the stake.

Place a 12mm reinforcing bar in the hole in the stake.

Check the top of the bar is level.

Cement the stake in position.

Loop a piece of rope, which is the length of the radius of the building over the
reinforcing bar. Measure the distance to the inner and outer sides of the foundation

from the working drawings.


Use the rope to measure the same distance on the ground.
Mark the distances ground the outline of the building.

Fig. 5.

Setting out circular buildings

After measuring the radius and position the stake, place a 12 x 150mm board over the
reinforcing bar. This method can be used instead of setting out with rope. The board is
called a trammel.
Note: - You should measure the width of the foundation and masonry walls and mark the
top for further use.

INFORMATION SHEET 6
Checking Building lines for square

Before you finish setting out the building site check builder square at the corner to
check right angle corner that is 90 degree.

OPERATION SHEET 6
OPERATION TITLE; Building lines are checked for square
PURPOSE; To build exact buildings.
CONDITIONS OF SITUATION;
TOOLS AND MATERIALS;
TOOLS;*peg

*string
*nail
*timber
*hummer
*meter
*builder square
PROCEDURE; * prepare setting out tools
*measure exactly
*check builder square

PRECAUTION * use safety tools and materials.


* wear safety shoes, over all clothes.
QUALITY CRITERIA; the student will be operate according to the procedure.
SELF CHECK 6
1. Find the length of c

C=?

80m
6
250m
2. Find the length of d
c 150m

100m

INFORMATION SHEET # 7
Clean up
Surfaces are cleaned as required by job, west materials are disposed of
In an appropriate manner & in accordance with environmental protection authority (EPA)
requirement. Tools and equipments are cleaned & stored.
Tools and equipment
Tool
material
-broom
water
-shovels
-wheel barrows
OPERATION SHEET# 7
OPERATIONTITLE: clean up
PURPOSE: to clean working area
TOOLS AND MTERIALS
TOOLS:
- Broom

Material:
-water

PROCEDURE: * Prepare tools and materials


PRECAUTION: *use safety tools and materials.
QUALITY CRITERIA: the students can evaluate his success in performing the operation.
Self check 7
Write the procedures

1Write steps for clean up working spaces


Model answer 7
1_____________________________

LAP TEST
NAME_________________
TIME STARTED_________

PRACTICAL DEMONSTRATION
DATE_____________
TIME FINISHING________

INSTRUCTION;ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION


1. Write the elements of setting out?
2. Write the steps to setting out right angle corner?
3. Write tools and materials to used setting out right angle corner?
4. Write tools to preparing plan?
REFER THE QUESTIONS FROM THE INFORMATION SHEET

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