BI TP IN HA

CHNG 1
1. Hng s phn ly ca NH4OH 25
o
C l 1,79.10
-5
.Tm nng ion OH

trong dung dch:

a) NH
4
OH 0,01M
b) dung dch c cha NH
4
OH v NH
4
Cl vi nng c hai cht u l 0,01M. Cho rng
NH
4
Cl phn ly hon ton.
2. Tch s ion ca nc 25
o
C l 1,008.10
-14
. Tnh hng s phn ly ca nc.
3. Hng s phn ly v phn ly ca acid acetic pha t 1,00 mol acid v 1 lt nc s thay
i nh th no nu thm vo :
a) 1,00 mol acid acetic.
b) 1,00 mol acid cloacetic.
Bit hng s phn ly ca acid acetic v acid cloacetic tng ng l 1,75.10
-5
v 1,38.10
-3
.
4. Hng s phn ly ca hai acid propionic v l 1,41.10
-5
v 1,39.10
-5
. Tnh phn ly ca
dung dch cha tng acid trn vi nng 0,01 mol/lt, trong dung dch cha ng thi c
hai acid trn vi nng tng cht l 0,01 mol/lit.
5. Hng s phn ly theo tng nc K
1
, K
2
ca suynfua hydro l 6.10
-8
v 1.10
-14
. Tnh nng
ca ion H
+
, ion HS
-
v S
2-
trong dung dch H
2
S 0,1M.
6. Cn phi thm bao nhiu nc vo 1,00 lt dung dch NH
4
OH 0,200 M s phn t phn
ly tng ln gp i? phn ly trong dung dch u l 0,010.
7. Nng ion H
+
trong dung dch acid focmic 0,2M s thay i nh th no nu ta thm vo
1 lt dung dch 0,1 mol focmiat natri? Hng s phn ly ca acid trn l 1,8.10
-4
.
8. Chun mt acid yu HA (K
a
= 10
5
) bng phng php in th k vi cht chun NaOH.
Xc nh pH ca dung dch ti hai im V
NaOH

= 0,9.V
t

v ti im tng ng. V
t
l th
tch xt ti im tng ng. Cho rng nng ban u ca acid l 0,1 M v th tch dung
dch thay i khng ng k trong qu trnh chun .
9. So snh h bng im ca dung dch HCl 0,05N v dung dch CH
3
COOH 0,05N. Gii
thch. Bit hng s nghim lnh ca nc l 1,86, hng s phn ly ca acid acetic l
1,79.10
5
.
10. Nng ion H
+
s thay i nh th no nu nh ta thm 0,05 mol acetat natri vo 1 lit
dung dch acid acetic 0,005M. Bit rng hng s phn ly ca acid acetic l 1,79.10
5
.
11 Trnh by c ch n nh pH ca dung dch m.
Cho cc hn hp sau y:
a: 50 ml CH
3
COOH 0,1N + 30 ml NaOH 0,1N.
b: 50 ml CH
3
COONa 0,1N + 40 ml HCl 0,1N.
c: 50 ml CH
3
COOH 0,1N + 50 ml NaOH 0,1N.
d: 60 ml CH
3
COONa 0,1N + 60 ml HCl 0,1N.
Hy xc nh hn hp no l dung dch m.
12 Hy sp xp cc dung dch sau y theo th t tng dn ca p sut thm thu:
FeCl
3
, KI, C
6
H
12
O
6
, HCl, HCOOH, CH
3
COOH
Cc dung dch trn u c nng 0,01M.
Gii thch s sp xp ca bn.
13. Hng s phn ly ca CH
3
COOH 25
o
C l 1,76.10
5
.Tm nng ion H
3
O
+
trong dung
dch:
a) CH
3
COOH 0,01M.
b) dung dch c cha CH
3
COOH v CH
3
COONa vi nng c hai cht u l 0,01M.
Cho rng CH
3
COONa phn ly hon ton.
14. Tnh nng ca ion CH
3
COO

trong 1 lt dung dch cha 1 mol acid acetic v 0,1 mol
acid clohidric. pH dung dch l bao nhiu?
15. Tnh hng s thy phn ca ca florua kali, thy phn trong dung dch 0,01 M v pH
ca dung dch.
16. Tnh hng s thy phn ca ca clorua amoni, thy phn trong dung dch 0,01 M v
pH ca dung dch.
12. Ch tnh nc phn ly th nht, hy xc nh pH ca dung dch Na
2
CO
3
0,02 N .
13. So snh phn ly ca mui v pH ca hai dung dch cyanua kali 0,1 M v 0,01 M.
14. pH ca dung dch mui natri 0,1 M vi mt acid hu c yu mt chc l 10. Tnh hng s
phn ly ca acid trn.
15. Nng acid acetic l bao nhiu pH dung dch l 5,2.
16. Trn 50 ml acid acetic 0,1 M v 20 ml NaOH 0,15 M. Tnh pH ca dung dch to thnh.
17. Chun in th dung dch NH
4
OH vi cht chun HCl 0,1 M ngi ta thu c cc kt
qu sau: im tng ng ng vi 12,3 ml HCl; thi im th tch HCl bng 5 ml th pH
dung dch l 9,45. Tnh hng s phn ly ca NH
4
OH.
18. Trn dung dch 108,9 ml acid acetic 1 N vi 50 ml NaOH 1N, ri thm nc cho 500
ml. Tnh pH ca dung dch to thnh.
19. Ly 15,0 ml dung dch Na
2
HPO
4
1/15 M

v cho thm dung dch KH
2
PO
4
1/15 M sao cho
th tch va 100 ml. Tnh pH dung dch.
20. ha tan ca oxalat canxi CaC
2
O
4
trong dung dch (NH
4
)
2
C
2
O
4
0,1 M s thay i nh
th no so vi trong nc.
21. Dung dch ZnCl
2
cha 0,85 gam cht tan trong 125 gam nc kt tinh 0,23
o
C. Xc
nh phn ly biu kin (hnh thc) ca ZnCl
2
.
22. Tnh p sut hi bo ha ca dung dch cha 5 g NaOH trong 180 g nc. Cho rng
phn ly hnh thc ca NaOH trong dung dch ny l 0,8.
24. phn ly ca acid focmic trong dung dch 0,02 M l 0,03. Tnh hng s phn ly v pK.
25. nng no ca HNO
2
th phn ly s l 0,2?
26. nng no ca HNO
2
th phn ly ca dung dch s bng phn ly ca dung dch
acid acetic 0,1 M ?
27. Nng ion H
+
v pH ca dung dch acid focmic bng bao nhiu nu phn ly o = 0,03.
28. Ha tan 0,5 mol ng v 0,2 mol CaCl
2
vo hai th tch nc bng nhau. Nhit kt
tinh ca hai dung dch to thnh bng nhau. Tnh phn ly hnh thc ca dung dch CaCl
2
.
29. 100
o
C p sut hi bo ha trn dung dch cha 0,05 mol suynphat natri trong 450 g
nc bng 756,2 mmHg. Xc nh phn ly hnh thc ca mui.
30. Trong 1 lt dung dch acid acetic 0,01 M cha 6,26.10
21
phn t v ion. Xc nh phn
ly v hng s phn ly ca acid trn.
32. Ch ra quan h gia p sut thm thu trong dung dch 0,1 M KNO
3
(P
1
) v dung dch 0,1
M CH
3
COOH (P
2
):
a) P
1
> P
2
.
b) P
1
< P
2
.
c) P
1
= P
2
.
33. Nhit kt tinh ca dung dch HCN 1M v glucoza 1M gn bng nhau. C th kt lun
g v phn ly ca HCN:
a) phn ly ca HCN gn bng 1.
b) phn ly ca HCN gn bng khng.
c) phn ly ca HCN bng 0,5.
34. Hy ch ra tng quan gia nhit si ca hai dung dch v cng long c cng nng
ca AlCl
3
(T
1
) v CaCl
2
(T
2
).
a) T
1
= T
2
.
b) T
1
> T
2
.
c) T
1
< T
2
.
d) Khng d liu nh gi.
35. Hy sp xp theo ng th t gim dn ca p sut thm thu trong cc dung dch
0,01M:
a) CH
3
COOH - NaCl - C
6
H
12
O
6
- CaCl
2

b) C
6
H
12
O
6
- CH
3
COOH - NaCl - CaCl
2
c)

CaCl
2
- NaCl - CH
3
COOH - C
6
H
12
O
6
d)

CaCl
2
- CH
3
COOH - C
6
H
12
O
6
- NaCl
36. Hy ch ra tng quan gia nhit kt tinh ca hai dung dch NH
4
Cl (T
1
) v CH
3
CHO

(T
2
). Mi dung dch cha 5 g cht tan trong 100 g nc.
a) T
1
= T
2
.
b) T
1
> T
2
.
c) T
1
< T
2
.
d) Khng d liu nh gi.
37. Hy ch ra tng quan gia gi tr nng lng Gbbs chun thc ca qu trnh phn ly ca
nc H
2
O (AG
o
1
) v ca CH
3
COOH

(AG
o
2
).
a) AG
o
1
= AG
o
2
.
b) AG
o
1
> AG
o
2

c) AG
o
1
< AG
o
2
.
d) Khng d liu nh gi.
38. Xc nh nng H
2
CO
3
, HCO
3

v HCO
3
2
trong dung dch acid cacbonic 0,01 M, nu
pH ca dung dch ny l 4,18.
39. pH ca cc dung dch sau s thay i th no nu pha long dung dch hai ln?
a) Dung dch HCl 0,2 M.
b) Dung dch CH
3
COOH 0,2 M.
c) Dung dch cha 0,1 mol/lit CH
3
COOH v 0,1 mol/lit CH
3
COONa.
40. Hng no trong cc hng di y c sp xp theo th t tng dn ca pH trong cc
dung dch c cng nng mol:
a) HCN - HF - HClO -HCOOH - CH
2
ClCOOH.
b) HNO
3
- HNO
2
- CH
3
COOH - HCN.
c) HCl - CH
2
ClCOOH - HF - H
3
BO
3
.
d) H
2
SO
4
- HCN - HF - HCl - CH
2
ClCOOH
41. acid ca dung dch HCN 0,2 N s thay i nh th no nu thm vo KCN c
nng KCN 0,5 mol/lit?
a) Tng c) Khng thay i.
b) Gim. d) Tng thm 0,5 ion-gam/l.
42. C bao nhiu ion H
+
trong 1 ml dung dch c pH bng 13?
a) 10
13
b) 6,02.10
13
c) 6,02.10
7
d) 6,02.10
10
.
43. pH ca nc s thay i th no nu thm 0,01 mol NaOH vo 10 lt nc:
a) Tng 2 n v. c) Tng 4 n v.

b) Tng 3 n v. d) Gim 4 n v.

44. pH ca dung dch trung tnh 50
o
C l bao nhiu?
a) 5,5 c) 7,0 b) 6,6 d) 7,5
45. T l gia nng ca ion H
+
trong dung dch acid benzoic 1,00.10
3
M trong nc v
hng s phn ly ca acid l 99. Tnh hng s phn ly.
46. Acid HX 0,150 mol/kg trong nc c phn ly l 7,3 %. Tnh nhit kt tinh v nhit
si ca dung dch.
47. Mt dung dch c cha 0,01 mol/lt KI, 0,10 mol/lit KBr v 0,10 mol/lit KCl . Cho t t
dung dch AgNO
3
vo dung dch trn . Cht no s kt ta u tin?
a) AgI. d) C hai AgBr v AgCl .
b) AgBr e) Khng th bit c t cc thng tin trn.
c) AgCl .
Cho T
AgI
=1,5.10
-16
, T
AgBr
=3,3.10
-13
, T
AgCl
= 1,8.10
-10
.
48. Dung dch amoniac 0,1 M c cha clorua amoni c nng ion OH

l 3,6.10
6
. Nng
ion amoni s l bao nhiu ?
NH
3
+ H
2
O NH
4
+
+ OH

a) 0,50 b) 0,34 c) 0,94 d) 0,74 e) 0,64.
49. Nng ca dung dch HNO
3
bng bao nhiu pH dung dch bng 3.
a) 3 b) 3 c) - Antolog[3] d)Tt c u sai e) 10
3

50. Ion no di y trong nc c th va ng vai tr acid ln baz Bronsted?
a) HCO
3

b) CN

c) SO
4
2
d) PO
4
3
e) NO
3

51. Ha tan mt lng tha BaSO
4
trong nc. Tch s tan ca mui ny l 1.10
10
. Nng
ion bari trong nc s l bao nhiu?
a) 10
-4
M.
b) 10
-5
M.
c) 10
-6
M.
d) 10
-10
M.
e) 10
-20
M.

52. Xc nh tch s tan ca mui MX
2
nu dung dch bo ha cha 0,02 mol trong 100 ml
dung dch.
a) 0,20.
b) 0,0034.
c) 0,08.
d) 0,032.
e) 0,016.

53. Gi tr no di y gn vi pH ca dung dch NaOH 10
4
M nht?
a) 11
b) 10,2
c) 9
d) 7
e) 4

53. Hng s phn ly ca EDTA (H
4
Y)nh sau:
H
4
Y + H
2
O H
3
O
+
+ H
3
Y

K
1
= 1,02 .10
2
H
3
Y

+ H
2
O H
3
O
+
+ H
2
Y
2
K
2
= 2,14 .10
3

H
2
Y
2
+ H
2
O H
3
O
+
+ HY
3
K
3
= 6,92 .10
7

HY
3
+ H
2
O H
3
O
+
+ Y
4
K
4
= 5,50 .10
11

Tm biu thc xc nh nng chung C
y
ca EDTA.
a) C
y
= [Y
4
] + [HY
3
] + [H
2
Y
2
] + [H
3
Y

] + [H
4
Y]
b) C
y
= [HY
3
] + [H
2
Y
2
] + [H
3
Y

] + [H
4
Y]
c) C
y
= [Y
4
] + [HY
3
] + [H
2
Y
2
] + [H
3
Y

]
d) C
y
= [Y
4
] + [HY
3
] + [H
2
Y
2
] + [H
3
Y

] + [H
3
O
+
]
e) C
y
= [Y
4
] + [HY
3
] + [H
2
Y
2
] + [H
3
Y

] + [OH

]
55. Tnh nng ti thiu (M) ca ion Br

cn thit kt ta AgBr t dung dch c nng
ion Ag
+
l 1,0.10
5
mol/lt. ( T
AgBr
= 4,0.10
-13
).
a) 4,0.10
10
b) 4,0.10
11
c) 4,0.10
-9
d) (40)
1/2
.10
6
e) 4,0.10
8

56. Hng s thy phn ca Al
3+
trong nc l 1,4.10
5
. Nng ion H
3
O
+
trong dung dch
AlCl
3
l bao nhiu?
a) (1,4. 10
5
)
1/2
M d) 1,4. 10
4
M
b) (1,4. 10
6
)
1/2
M e) Tt c u sai.
c) (1,4. 10
4
)
1/2
M
57. Tnh pOH ca dung dch hnh thnh t s trn ln 70 ml dung dch NH
3
0,1 M v 60 ml
dung dich HCl 0,05 M.
a) lg (1,8.10
-5
) - lg (0,03 / 0,04)
b) -lg (1,8.10
-5
) + lg (4,0 / 3,0)
c) -lg (1,8.10
-5
) + lg (0,004 / 0,003)
d) -lg (1,8.10
-5
) - lg (0,004 / 0,003)
58. Sp xp cc cht di y theo tng ca tnh acid: H
3
O
+
, H
2
O, H
2
, H
3
O
+
, HSO
4
-
v HF.
a) H
2
O < HF < H
2
< H
3
O
+
< HSO
4
-
b) HF < H
2
O < H
2
< HSO
4
-
< H
3
O
+
c) H
2
< HF < H
2
O < H
3
O
+
< HSO
4
-
d) H
2
< H
2
O < HF < HSO
4
-
< H
3
O
+
e) H
2
O < H
2
< H
3
O
+
< HF < HSO
4
-
59. Nng ion H
+
l bao nhiu trong dung dch KOH 0,0020 M?
a) [H
+
] = K
w
/ [0,0020]
b) [H
+
] = K
w
. [0,0020]
c) [H
+
] = [0,0020]

/ K
w

d) [H
+
] = -log { K
w
/ [0,0020]}
e) Khng c cu no ng c.
60. Hng s thy phn ca phn ng NH
4
+ H
2
O NH
3
+ H
3
O
+
l 5,6.10
10
25
o
C. pH
ca dung dch NH
4
Cl s gn vi gi tr no nht?
a) 4 b) 5,5 c) 5 d) 4,5 e) 6
61. Mt dung dch m cha NaHCO
3
, H
2
CO
3
c pha sao cho pH=7. T l nng gia
[NaHCO
3
]/ [H
2
CO
3
] l bao nhiu nu bit hng s phn ly ca acid ny l 4,3 . 10
-7
.
a) 43. d) 86.
b) 4,3. e) 1,29.
c) 0,43.
62. Dung dch A cha NaHCO
3
, vi nng mi cht l 0,1 mol/lit. Cho 0,01 mol HCl vo 1
lt dung dch ni trn. pK
a
ca H
2
CO
3
l 6,37. pH ca dung dch hnh thnh s gn vi gi tr
no nht?
a) 6,37 b) 4,35 c) 6,28 d) 2,10 e) 5,84
63. Cho 50 ml dung dch Na
2
SO
4
1 M vo dung dch cha ion Ba
+2
th bt u xut hin kt
ta suynfat bari. Th tch cui cng ca hn hp l 500 ml. Tch s tan ca BaSO
4
l 1.10
10
.
Nng (M) ca Ba
2+
trong

dung dch ban u l bao nhiu?
a) 5,0.10
9
b) 1,0.10
9
c) 2,0.10
9
d) 1,1.10
9
e) 9,0.10
9

64. Ta c dung dch cha ion Ag
+
v ion Ca
+2
vi nng tng ion l 0,01 M. kt ta
chn lc ion bc cn thm vo dung dch ion no trong s nhng ion sau y?
a) SO
4
2
(T
Ca SO4
= 2,4.10
5
, T
Ag2 SO4
= 1,2.10
5
)
b) OH

(T
Ca (OH)2
= 1,3.10
-6
, T
AgOH
= 2,0.10
8
)
c) PO
4
3
(T
Ca3 (PO4)2
= 1,3.10
32
, T
Ag3PO4
= 1,8.10
18
)
d) Tt c cc ion trong s trn u c.
e) Khng ion no c.
65. Acid oxalic HOOCCOOH c pK
a1
= 1,23 v pK
a2
= 4,19. Gi s c dung dch acid
oxalic; pH no th nng dng [HOOCCOO

] s ln nht?
a) 1,23 b) 2,71 b) 4,19 d) 14,0 e) 7,55

Hng s phn ly ca mt s axit trong nc 25
o
C

Cht in ly Phng trnh phn ly K
a

C
6
H
5
COOH C
6
H
5
COOH


C
6
H
5
COO
-
+ H
+

6,3.10
-5

C
6
H
5
OH C
6
H
5
OH


C
6
H
5
O
-
+

H
+

1,3.10
-10

CH
3
COOH
CH
2
ClCOOH
CH
3
COOH
CH
2
ClCOOH
CH
3
COO
-
+

H
+
CH
2
ClCOO
-
+ H
+

1,75.10
-5
1,38.10
-3

H
2
B
4
O
7
H
2
B
4
O
7
HB
4
O
7
-

H
+
+ HB
4
O
7
-

H
+
+ B
4
O
7
-2

K
1
= 1,8.10
-4
K
2
= 2,0.10
-8

H
2
C
2
O
4
H
2
C
2
O
4
HC
2
O
4
-

H
+
+ HC
2
O
4
-
H
+
+ C
2
O
4
-2

K
1
= 5,6.10
-2
K
2
= 5,4.10
-5

H
2
CO
3
H
2
CO
3
HCO
3
-

H
+
+ HCO
3
-
H
+
+ CO
3
-2

K
1
= 4,5.10
-7
K
2
=4,7.10
-11

H
2
CrO
4
H
2
CrO
4
HCrO
4
-
2HCrO
4
-

H
+
+ HCrO
4
-
H
+
+ CrO
4
-2
Cr
2
O
7
-2
+ H
2
O
K
1
=1,8.10
-1
K
2
=3,2.10
-7
3,0.10
-2

H
2
S H
2
S

HS
-

H
+
+ HS
-
H
+
+ S
-2

K
1
=1.0.10
-7
K
2
=2.5.10
-13

H
2
O
2
H
2
O
2

H
+
+ HO
2
-
K
1
=2,0.10
-12

H
2
S
2
O
3
H
2
S
2
O
3
HS
2
O
3
-

H
+
+ H
2
SO
3
-
H
+
+ S
2
O
3
-2

K
1
=2,5.10
-11
K
2
=1,9.10
-2

H
2
SeO
3
H
2
SeO
3
HSeO
3
-

H
+
+ HSeO
3
-
H
+
+ SeO
3
-2

K
1
=1,8.10
-3
K
2
=3,2.10
-9

H
2
SeO
4
H
2
SeO
4

HSeO
4
-

H
+
+ HSeO
4
-
H
+
+ SeO
4
-2


K
2
=8,9.10
-3

H
2
SO
3
H
2
SO
3
HSO
3
-

H
+
+ HSO
3
-
H
+
+ SO
3
-2

K
1
=1,4.10
-2
K
2
=6,2.10
-8

Cht in ly Phng trnh phn ly K
a

H
2
TeO
3
H
2
TeO
3
HTeO
3
-

H
+
+ HTeO
3
-
H
+
+ TeO
3
-2

K
1
=2,7.10
-3
K
2
=1,8.10
-8

H
2
TeO
4
H
2
TeO
4
HTeO
4
-

H
+
+ HTeO
4
-
H
+
+ TeO
4
-2

K
1
=2,5.10
-3
K
2
=4,1.10
-11

H
3
AsO
4
H
3
AsO
4
H
2
AsO
4
-
HAsO
4
-2

H
+
+ H
2
AsO
4
-

H
+
+ HAsO
4
-2

H
+
+ AsO
4
-3

K
1
= 5,6.10
-3
K
2
= 1,7.10
-7
K
3
= 2.9.10
-12

H
3
BO
3

H
3
BO
3
H
2
BO
3
-
HBO
3
-2

H
+
+ H
2
BO
3
-
H
+
+ HBO
3
-2
H
+
+ BO
3
-3

K
1
= 7,1.10
-10
K
2
= 1,8.10
-13

K
3
= 1,6.10
-14

H
3
PO
3
H
3
PO
3
H
2
PO
3
-

H
+
+ H
2
PO
3
-

H
+
+ HPO
3
-2

K
1
= 3,1.10
-2
K
2
= 1,6.10
-7

H
3
PO
4
H
3
PO
4
H
2
PO
4
-
HPO
4
-2

H
+
+ H
2
PO
4
-

H
+
+ HPO
4
-2

H
+
+ PO
4
-3

K
1
= 7,1.10
-3
K
2
= 6,2.10
-8
K
3
= 5,0.10
-13

H
4
P
2
O
7
H
4
P
2
O
7
H
3
P
2
O
7
-
H
2
P
2
O
7
-2
HP
2
O
7
-3

H
+
+ H
3
P
2
O
7
-

H
+
+ H
2
P
2
O
7
-2

H
+
+ HP
2
O
7
-3
H
+
+ P
2
O
7
-4

K
1
= 1,2.10
-1
K
2
= 7,9.10
-3
K
3
= 2,0.10
-7
K
4
= 4,8.10
-10

HBrO HBrO
H
+
+ BrO
-
2,2.10
-9

HBrO
3
HBrO
3

H
+
+ BrO
3
-
2,0.10
-1

HClO HClO
H
+
+ ClO
-
3,0.10
-8

HClO
2
HClO
2

H
+
+ ClO
2
-
1,1.10
-2

HCN HCN
H
+
+ CN
-
4,9.10
-10

HCNS HCNS
H
+
+ CNS
-

1,4.10
-1

HCOOH HCOOH
HCOO
-
+

H
+
1,8.10
-4

HF HF
H
+
+ F
-
6,2.10
-4


Hng s phn ly ca mt s baz trong nc 25
o
C

Baz Phng trnh phn ly K
b
Amonium
Anilin
Benzidine

Ethylamine
Hidroxilamin
Methylamin
Oxiquinoline
Piridine
Ur
Urtrpin
Quinoline
NH
4
OH
C
6
H
5
NH
2
+

H
2
O
(C
6
H
4
)(NH
2
)
2
+

H
2
O

C
2
H
5
NH
2
+

H
2
O
NH
2
OH +

H
2
O

CH
3
NH
2
+

H
2
O
C
9
H
7
ON

+

H
2
O
C
5
H
5
N +

H
2
O
CO(NH
2
)
2
+

H
2
O
(CH
2
)
6
N
4
+

H
2
O
C
9
H
7
N +

H
2
O
NH
4
+

+

OH
-

C
6
H
5
NH
3
+
+

OH
-
(NH
2
)(C
6
H
4
)(NH
3
)
+
+

OH
-

(C
6
H
4
)(NH
3
)
2
+
+

OH
-

(C
2
H
5
NH
3
)
+
+

OH
-

NH
3
OH
+
+

OH
-

CH
3
NH
3
+
+

OH
-

C
9
H
7
ONH
+
+

OH
-

C
5
H
5
NH
+
+

OH
-

(NH
2
)CO(NH
3
)
+
+

OH
-

C
9
H
7
NH
+
+

OH
-

1,8.10
-5
4,2.10
-10
9,3.10
-10
5,6.10
-10
4,7.10
-4
9,6.10
-9
4,8.10
-4
1,0.10
-9
1,5.10
-9
1,5.10
-14
1,4.10
-14
6,3.10
-10



Tch s tan ca cht in ly t tan.

Cht in ly Nhit (
o
C) T
AgBr
AgCl
Ag
2
CrO
4
Ag
2
Cr
2
O
7
AgI
Ag
2
SO
4

BaCO
3
BaSO
4

CaCO
3

Ca(COO)
2

Ca(OH)
2
CaSO
4
Cu
2
Br
2

CuCO
3

Cu
2
Cl
2

Cu
2
I
2

FeCO
3

Fe(OH)
2

Fe(OH)
3

Hg
2
Cl
2

HgO
KClO
4

MgCO
3
.2H
2
O
Mg(OH)
2
Mn(OH)
2

NiCO
3

PbCl
2
PbI
2

ZnCO
3
Zn(COO)
2
Zn(OH)
2

25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
18
18
25
25
25
25
25
18
25
25
25
18
25
20
6,3.10
-13

1,56.10
-10

4,05.10
-12

2,0.10
-7

1,5.10
-16

7,7.10
-5

7,0.10
-9

1,08.10
-10

4,8.10
-9

2,57.10
-9

3,1.10
-5

6,26.10
-5

5,3.10
-9

2,36.10
-10

1,8.10
-7

1,1.10
-12

2,11.10
-11

4,8.10
-16

3,8.10
-38

1,1.10
-18

1,7.10
-26

1,07.10
-2

1,0.10
-5

5,5.10
-12

4.10
-14

1,35.10
-7

1,7.10
-5
8,7.10
-
9
6,0.10
-11

1,35.10
-9

4,0.10
-16



CHNG 2
1. Tnh hng s cn bng ca cc phn ng ion da trn AH, S to thnh ca cc ion trong
dung dch.
Cu
2+
+ Zn Cu + Zn
2+

H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O
Fe
3+
+ I
-
Fe
2+
+ I
2

2. Vit chu trnh kn xc nh entalpy hydrat ha ca ion Mg
2+
da trn cc s liu sau
y:
Entalpy thng hoa ca Mg: +167,2 kJ/mol.
Th ion ha th nht ca Mg: 7,646 eV
Th ion ha th hai ca Mg: 15,035 eV
Entalpy phn ly ca Cl
2
: +241,6 kJ/mol.
Ai lc in t ca Cl: -3,78 eV
Entalpy ha tan ca MgCl
2
: -150,5 kJ/mol.
Entalpy hydrat ha ca Cl
-
: -383,7 kJ/mol.
-1892,2 kJ/mol
3. Tnh entalpy hydrat ha ca ion CaCl
2
bit nng lng mng tinh th ca CaCl
2
l
2255kJ/mol, Entalpy hydrat ha ca Cl
-
: -383,7 kJ/mol.
-1568,9 kJ/mol

CHNG 3
1. Chng minh rng lc ion ca KCl, MgCl
2
, FeCl
3
, Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
v CuSO
4
lin h vi nng
molan bi cc biu thc sau: J(KCl) = m, J(MgCl
2
) = 3m, J(FeCl
3
) = 6m, J(Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
) = 15m
v J(CuSO
4
) = 4m.
2. Tnh lc ion ca dung dch cha ng thi KCl v CuSO
4
vi nng tng ng l 0,10
v 0,20 mol/kg.
(0,90 mol/kg)
3. Tnh nng ca dung dch cha K
3
[Fe(CN)
6
] 0,040mol/kg, KCl 0,030 mol/kg v NaBr
0,050 mol/kg.
(0,320 mol/kg)
4. Tnh khi lng a) Ca(NO
3
)
2
ring bit, b) NaCl cn thit phi thm vo dung dch KNO
3

0,150 mol/kg trong nc v cha 500 gam dung mi lc ion c gi tr l 0,250 mol/kg.
a) 2,73 g b) 2,92 g
5. Dung dch CuSO
4
phi c nng bao nhiu c lc ion bng vi dung dch KCl 1,00
mol/kg.
0,250 mol/kg
6. Hy a ra biu thc tnh h s hot ion trung bnh ca CaCl
2
t h s hot ca cc
ion ring bit.
f

= (f
+
.f
-
2
)
1/3

7. S dng php gn ng th nht Debye Hckel tnh h s hot ion trung bnh ca
CaCl
2
trong dung dch cha CaCl
2
0,010 mol/kg v NaF 0,030 mol/kg.
0,56
8. H s hot ion trung bnh ca dung dch La(NO
3
)
3
0,500 mol/kg o c bng thc
nghim l 0,303 25
o
C. Tnh sai bit (tnh theo %) ca php gn ng th nht Debye
Hckel so vi thc nghim.
1.10
2
%
9. H s hot ion trung bnh ca ba dung dch HBr trong nc 25
o
C o c l 0,930 (
5,0 mmol/kg); 0,907 ( 10,0 mmol/kg) v 0,879 ( 20,0 mmol/kg). Tnh hng s A trong php
gn ng th hai Debye - Hckel.
2.03
10. H s hot ion trung bnh ca dung dch NaCl trong nc 25
o
C c cho trong bng
sau. Chng minh rng cc s liu sau tha mn php gn ng th nht Debye - Hckel.
m (mmol/kg) 1,0 2,0 5,0 10,0 20,0
f

0,9649 0,9519 0,9275 0,9024 0,8712

T cc s liu trn p dng php gn ng th hai Debye - Hckel, hy tnh hng s A.
11. Chng minh rng ha tan ca dung dch cht in ly t tan 1:1 lin h vi tch s ion
bi biu thc
s T e
s
=
1 2 117 / .

12. Cht in ly t tan MX c tch s tan l T, ha tan l s. Chng minh rng trong dung
dch cht in ly mnh NX nng C phn ly hon ton th ha tan ca MX s l
s C T C ' ( ) = +
1
2
4
2

v s
T
C
' = khi T nh.
Cho rng dung dch trn l dung dch l tng.
12. Chng minh rng, nu lc ion ca dung dch cha ng thi cht in ly t tan MX v
cht in ly mnh NX c quyt nh bi nng C ca cht in ly mnh, v dung dch
ny tun theo php gn ng th nht Debye Hckel; th ha tan s trong hn hp c
tnh theo biu thc:
s
T
C
e
h C
'
,
=
4 61

13. ha tan ca clorua bc trong nc 25
o
C l 1,274.10
5
mol/kg. Ap dng php gn
ng th nht Debye Hckel hy tnh: a)Nng lng Gibbs chun thc ca phn ng ha
tan AgCl Ag
+
+ Cl

; b) ha tan ca AgCl trong dung dch K

2
SO
4
0,200 M.
55,9 KJ/mol, 1,7.10
-5
mol/kg
14. Ap dng php gn ng th nht Debye - Hckel hy tnh phn ly ca acid acetic trong
nc 25
o
C ng vi nng acid l 0,100 mol/kg.
1,4 %
15. Cho dung dch HCl 0,100M. S dng php gn ng th nht Debye - Hckel hy tnh pH
ca dung dch trn.
1,2
16. H s hot ion trung bnh ca dung dch KCl 3,00.10
-3
mol/kg v BaCl
2
1,00.10
-3
ln
lt l 0,94 v 0,88. Ch s dng cc d kin m bi cho, hy tnh h s hot ca ion
Ba
2+
.
0,77
17. S dng php gn ng th nht Debye - Hckel hy tnh hot ion trung bnh ca dung
dch HCl, KCl, ZnCl
2
trong cc dung dch tng ng v so snh kt qu l thuyt vi nhng
gi tr thc nghim thu c t bng sau:
Nng f

thc nghim
mol/kg HCl KCl ZnCl
2

1,00. 10
-3
5,00. 10
-3
1,00. 10
-2
2,00. 10
-2
5,00. 10
-3
1,00. 10
-1
2,00. 10
-1

0,966
0,928
0,904
0,876
0,830
0,796
0,766
0,966
0,927
0,902
0,862
0,816
0,770
0,718
0,881
0,780
0,731
0,666
0,578
0,515
0,459
Hy xc nh xem php gn ng th nht Debye - Hckel c th p dng khong nng
no?
18. S dng php gn ng th hai ca Debye - Hckel hy tnh hot ion trung bnh ca
cc dung dch HCl 0,100M , MgCl
2
0,100M v ZnSO
4
0,100M.
0,754; 0,16; 0,436
19. Tnh lc ion ca dung dch BaCl
2
0,01 M?
a) 0,03 b) 0,04 c) 0,01
d) 0,02 e) 0,00
20. Tnh lc ion ca dung dch cha H
2
SO
4
0,01M v CH
3
COOH 0,01 M?
a) 0,03 b) 0,04 c) 0,01
d) 0,02 e) 0,06
C
1/2

o

CHNG 4
1. o dn ca cc dung dch khc nhau bng cng mt bnh o dn. Dung dch KCl
0,050M cho in tr 243. Dung dch NaOH 0,010M cho in tr 681. Tnh dn in ring
v dn in ng lng ca dung dch NaOH 0,010M. Bit dn in ring ca dung
dch KCl 0,05M l 6,67.10
-3

-1
cm
-1
.
2. dn in ring ca dung dch acid propionic C
2
H
5
COOH 0,010M l 1,41.10
-4
-
1
cm
-
1
,
dn in ng lng cc i ca acid ny l 385,6
-1
.cm
2
.lg
-
1
. Tnh phn ly va acid
propionic trong dung dch trn. Tnh hng s phn ly ca acid trn.
3. dn in ti hn ca dung dch picrat kali l 103,97
-1
cm
2
lg
-1
v linh ion ca ion
kali l 73,58
-1
cm
2
lg
-1
. Tnh linh v s ti ca ion picrat trong dung dch v cng long.
4. Ngi ta xc nh ha tan ca phc t tan Co
2
Fe(CN)
6
bng cch o dn in ca
dung dch bo ha. dn in ring ca dung dch bo ha l 2,06. 10
-6 -1
cm
-1
, ca nc
c dng pha dung dch l 4,1. 10
-7 -1
cm
-1
. Linh ca ion Co
2+
v Fe(CN)
6
- 4
tng
ng l 43 v 111 (
-1
cm
2
lg
-1
). Tnh ha tan ca phc trn.
5. Dung dch LiX 0,1000M c dn in ring l 0,0090 S.cm
-1
25
o
C. Linh ca ion Li
+

l 39,5 S.cm
2
lg
-1
.
a) Tnh dn in ng lng ca dung dch.
b) Tnh linh ca anion X
-
.
6. in phn dung dch ca cht in ly mnh AB vi cng dng 0,100 ampe vi thi
gian 9650 giy. Phn ng in cc l:
A A
+
+ e
A
+
+ e A
Nng molan ca dung dch ban u l 0,1. Sau khi in phn kt qu phn tch anolit
cho thy c 0,0165 mol AB trong 100 gam nc. Tnh s ti ca cc ion trong dung dch trn.
7. Ion no c tc chuyn ng tuyt i ln nht trong s cc ion di y?
a) Be
2+
c) Rb
+
e) Ca
2+

b) Mg
2+
d) H
+

d
8. ng di y biu din s ph thuc gia
o
(S.cm
2
mol
-1
) vo C (mol/lit)
1/2
. dc
ca ng thng trn cho ta gi tr:
a) dn in mol cc i
o
.
b) H s Kohlrausch.
c) dn in mol.
d) Hng s bnh.
e) in tr ring . b


9. Tnh dn in cc i
o
ca NH
4
OH. Bit dn in cc i
o
ca cc cht NH4Cl,
NaOH, NaCl tng ng l 150, 248 v 127
-1
cm
2
mol
-1
.
a) 525 c) 271 e) 121
b) 29 d) 98 c
10. dn in ring ca nc tinh khit l 7.10
-8

-1
cm
-1
. dn in mol ca nc l:
a) 1,26.10
-6
b) 1,26.10
-9
c) 3,89.10
-6

d) 3,89.10
-11
e) Khng c cu no ng c.
a
11. Dung dch NaOH 0,020N ( k = 0,15
-1
m
-1
) c dng xc nh hng s in cc.
in tr o c l 680 . Tnh hng s in cc .
a) 0,15 / 680 d) 0,02 . 680
b) ( 0,15 . 0,02 ) / 680 e) 1 / ( 0,15 . 680)
c) 0,15 . 680
12. dn in ca acid formic nng 0,0250 M l 8,27.10
-4

S.cm
-1
. Tnh pK
a
. Cho rng
dung dch trn l dung dch l tng.
13. dn in ring ca acid sulfuric 4% l 0,168 S.cm
-1
. T trng ca dung dch l 1,026
g/cm
3
. Tnh dn in ng lng ca dung dch.
14. dn in ca acid propionic nng 0,135 M l 4,79.10
-2
S.m
-1
. Tnh pH ca dung
dch, pK
a
ca acid. Cho rng dung dch trn l dung dch l tng. Bit
-
= 37,2 S.cm
2
lg
-1
.
15. Tnh dn in ng lng ca dung dch etilamin C
2
H
5
NH
3
OH pha long 16
l/mol. Bit dn in ng lng ti hn l 232,6 S.cm
2
lg
-1
. dn in ring ca dung
dch trn l 1,312.10
-3
S.cm
-1
. Nng ion OH
-
, phn ly, hng s phn ly l bao nhiu?
16. Hng s phn ly ca acid maleic l 1,54.10
-5
mol/l. Tnh phn ly, nng ion H
+

pha long 1024 l/mol. Bit dn in ng lng trong dung dch trn l 41,3 S.cm
2
lg
-1
.
Tnh dn in ng lng ti hn.
17. dn in ring ca dung dch MgCl
2
5% l 4,38 S.m
-1
. T trng ca dung dch l 1,039
g/cm
3
. Tnh dn in ng lng v phn ly biu kin ca dung dch. Bit
Mg2+
=
44,6 v
NO3-
= 62,6 S.cm
2
lg
-1
.
18. dn in ring ca dung dch CH
3
COOH 5,00.10
-2
M l 3,24.10
-2
S.m
-1
. dn in
ring ca dung dch CH
3
COONa 5,00.10
-2
M l 7,75.10
-4
S.m
-1
. Tnh hng s phn ly ca acid
acetic, cho rng mui phn ly hon ton.
19. Tnh dn in ring v dn in ng lng ca dung dch CuSO
4
0,050M. Bit
rng nu thit din in cc l 4 cm
2
v khong cch gia chng l 7 cm th in tr o c
l 230 om.
20. dn in ring ca dung dch KI l 89,0 S.m
-1
. dn in ring ca dung dch KCl l
186 S.m
-1
. T hai dung dch trn pha dung dch cha ng thi hai mui c dn in ring
l 98,5 S.m
-1
. Tnh phn trm ca mi dung dch ban u trong hn hp.
27. in phn dung dch HCl tnh s ti. Lng ionCl
-
trong catlid trc v sau in
phn tng ng l 0,177 v 0,163 iongam. Trong culng k bc mc ni tip lng Ag gii
phng trn catd tng ng vi 0,083 iongam Cl
-
. Tnh s ti ca H
+
v ionCl
-
.
28. S ti ca anion trong cc dung dch NaCl 0,1M, KCl 0,1M, NaBr 0,1M ln lt l 0,603,
0,504, 0,605. xc nh s ti ca cc ion trong dung dch KBr 0,1M. Cho rng cc dung dch
trn l dung dch l tng.
29. Bng sau cho cc cp gi tr dn in ng lng v nng ca dung dch KNO
3
.
Tnh dn in ng lng ti hn.
10
3
.
C / mol/l 0,500 1,00 5,00 10,0 50,0 100
/ S.cm
2
.mol
-
1

124.4 123,6 120,5 115,8 109,9 104,8
30. dn in ring ca dung dch KCl 0,500 M 18
o
C l 5,12 S.m
-1
. H s nhit ca
dn in ring l 0,0208 K
-1
. Tnh dn in ng lng ca dung dch 25
o
C.
31. 18
o
C vn tc chuyn ng tuyt i ca ion H
+
v ion valeric l 3,242.10
-4
v 2,662.10
-
4
cm
2
V
-1
s
-1
. H s nhit ca vn tc tng ng l 0,0154 v 0,0244 K
-1
. Tnh dn in
ng lng ti hn ca dung dch acid valeric 25
o
C.

BI TP CHNG I

1. Hng s phn ly ca CH
3
COOH 25
o
C l 1,76.10
-5
.Tm nng ion H
3
O
+
trong dung
dch:
a) CH
3
COOH 0,01M.
b) dung dch c cha CH
3
COOH v CH
3
COONa vi nng c hai cht u l 0,01M.
Cho rng CH
3
COONa phn ly hon ton.
2. Tch s ion ca nc 25
o
C l 1,008.10
-14
. Tnh hng s phn ly ca nc. Trong 1,00ml
nc c bao nhiu phn t nc b phn ly. c mt phn t nc phn ly cn c bao
nhiu phn t nc.
3. Hng s phn ly v phn ly ca acid acetic pha t 1,00 mol acid v 1 lt nc s thay i
nh th no nu ta thm vo :
a) 1,00 mol acid acetic.
b) 1,00 mol acid cloacetic.
4. Hng s phn ly ca hai acid propionic v butanoic l 1,41.10
-5
v 1,39.10
-5
. Tnh phn
ly : a) ca dung dch cha tng acid trn vi nng 0,01 mol/lt; b) trong dung dch cha
ng thi c hai acid trn vi nng mi cht l 0,01 mol/lt.
5. Hng s phn ly theo tng nc K
1
, K
2
ca suynfua hydro l 1.10
-7
v 2,5.10
-13
. Tnh nng
ca ion H
+
, ion HS
-
v S
2-
trong dung dch H
2
S 0,1M.
6. Cn phi thm bao nhiu nc vo 1,00 lt dung dch NH
4
OH 0,200 M s phn t phn
ly tng ln gp i? phn ly trong dung dch u l 0,010.
7. pha long ca dung dch phi l bao nhiu nng ion H
+
trong dung dch phenol l
1,00.10
-6
mol/lit? Hng s phn ly ca phenol l 1,3.10
-10
.
8. Nng ion H
+
trong dung dch acid focmic 0,2 M s thay i nh th no nu ta thm
vo 1 lt dung dch 0,1 mol focmiat natri? Hng s phn ly ca acid trn l 1,8.10
-4
.
9. Tnh nng ca ion CH
3
COO
-
trong 1 lt dung dch cha 1 mol acid acetic v 0,1 mol
acid clohidric. pH ca dung dch l bao nhiu?
10. Tnh hng s thy phn ca florua kali v pH ca dung dch KF 0,01M, bit hng s phn
ly ca HF l 6,2.10
-4
.
11. Tnh hng s thy phn ca clorua amoni v pH ca dung dch NH
4
Cl 0,01M, bit hng s
phn ly ca NH
4
OH l 1,8.10
-5
.
12. Ch tnh nc thy phn th nht hy xc nh pH ca dung dch Na
2
CO
3
0,02N (K
1
ca
H
2
SO
4
l 4,5.10
-7
).
13. So snh phn ly ca mui v pH ca hai dung dch cyanua kali 0,1M v 0,01M.
14. pH ca dung dch mui natri 0,1M vi mt acid hu c yu mt chc l 10. Tnh hng s
phn ly ca acid trn.
15. Nng acid acetic l bao nhiu pH dung dch l 5,2.
16. Trn 50 ml acid acetic 0,1M v 20ml NaOH 0,15M. Tnh pH ca dung dch to thnh.
17. Chun in th dung dch NH
4
OH vi cht chun HCl 0,1 M ngi ta thu c cc kt
qu sau: im tng ng ng vi 12,3 ml HCl; thi im th tch HCl bng 5ml pH dung
dch l 9,45. Tnh hng s phn ly ca NH
4
OH.
18. Trn dung dch 108,9 ml acid acetic 1N vi 50 ml NaOH 1N, ri thm nc cho
500ml. Tnh pH ca dung dch to thnh.
19. Ly 15,0 ml dung dch Na
2
HPO
4
1/15M

v cho thm dung dch KH
2
PO
4
1/15M sao cho
th tch va 100ml. Tnh pH dung dch.
20. ha tan ca oxalat canxi CaC
2
O
4
trong dung dch (NH
4
)
2
C
2
O
4
0,1M s thay i nh
th no so vi trong nc; bit tch s tan ca CaC
2
O
4
25
o
C l 2,57.10
-9
.
21. Dung dch ZnCl
2
cha 0,85gam cht tan trong 125 gam nc kt tinh -0,23
o
C. Xc nh
phn ly hnh thc ca ZnCl
2
.
22. Tnh p sut hi bo ha ca dung dch cha 5 gam NaOH trong 180gam nc. Cho rng
phn ly hnh thc ca NaOH trong dung dch ny l 0,8.
23. Tnh h s ng trng ca dung dch 0,2M ca cht in ly nu s tiu phn trong 1 lit
dung dch l 2,18.10
23
.
24. phn ly ca acid focmic trong dung dch 0,02M l 0,03. Tnh hng s phn ly v pK.
25. nng no ca HNO
2
th phn ly s l 0,2?
26. nng no ca HNO
2
th phn ly ca dung dch s bng phn ly ca dung dch
acid acetic 0,1M ?
27. Nng ion H
+
v pH dung dch acid focmic bng bao nhiu nu o=0,03.
28. Ngi ta ha tan 0,5 mol ng v 0,2 mol CaCl
2
vo hai th tch nc bng nhau. Nhit
kt tinh ca hai dung dch to thnh bng nhau. Tnh phn ly hnh thc ca dung dch
CaCl
2
.
29. 100
o
C p sut hi bo ha trn dung dch cha 0,05 mol suynphat natri trong 450 gam
nc bng 756,2 mmHg. Xc nh phn ly hnh thc ca mui.
30. Trong 1 lt dung dch acid acetic 0,01M cha 6,26.10
21
phn t v ion. Xc nh phn
ly v hng s phn ly ca acid trn.
32. Ch ra quan h gia p sut thm thu trong dung dch 0,1M ca KNO
3
(P
1
) v
CH3COOH (P
2
):
a) P
1
> P
2
.
b) P
1
< P
2
.
c) P
1
= P
2
.
33. Nhit kt tinh ca dung dch HCN 1M v glucoza 1M gn bng nhau. C th kt lun
g v phn ly ca HCN:
a) phn ly ca HCN gn bng 1.
b) phn ly ca HCN gn bng khng.
c) phn ly ca HCN bng 0,5.
34. Hy ch ra tng quan gia nhit si ca hai dung dch v cng long c cng nng
ca AlCl
3
(t
1
) v CaCl
2
(t
2
).
a) t
1
= t
2
.
b) t
1
> t
2
.
c) t
1
< t
2
.
d) Khng d liu nh gi.
35. Hy sp xp theo ng th t gim dn ca p sut thm thu trong cc dung dch
0,01M:
a) CH
3
COOH - NaCl - C
6
H
12
O
6
- CaCl
2

b) C
6
H
12
O
6
- CH
3
COOH - NaCl - CaCl
2
c)

CaCl
2
- NaCl - CH
3
COOH - C
6
H
12
O
6
d)

CaCl
2
- CH
3
COOH - C
6
H
12
O
6
- NaCl
36. Hy ch ra tng quan gia nhit kt tinh ca hai dung dch NH
4
Cl (t
1
) v CH
3
CHO

(t
2
). Mi dung dch cha 5 gam cht tan trong 100 gam nc.
a) t
1
= t
2
.
b) t
1
> t
2

c) t
1
< t
2
.
d) Khng d liu nh gi.
37. Hy ch ra tng quan gia gi tr nng lng Gbbs chun thc ca qu trnh in ly ca
nc H
2
O (AG
o
1
) v ca CH
3
COOH

(AG
o
2
).
a) AG
o
1
= AG
o
2
.
b) AG
o
1
> AG
o
2

c) AG
o
1
< AG
o
2
.
d) Khng d liu nh gi.
38. Xc nh nng H
2
CO
3
, HCO
3
-
v HCO
3
-2
trong dung dch acid cacbonic 0,01M, nu
pH ca dung dch ny l 4,18.
39. pH ca cc dung dch sau s thay i th no nu ta pha long dung dch 2 ln?
a) Dung dch HCl 0,2M.
b) Dung dch CH
3
COOH 0,2M.
c) Dung dch cha 0,1 mol/lit CH
3
COOH v 0,1 mol/lit CH
3
COONa.
40. Hng no trong cc hng di y c sp xp theo th t tng dn ca pH trong cc
dung dch c cng nng mol:
a) HCN - HF - HClO -HCOOH - CH
2
ClCOOH.
b) HNO
3
- HNO
2
- CH
3
COOH - HCN.
c) HCl - CH
2
ClCOOH - HF - H
3
BO
3
.
d) H
2
SO
4
- HCN - HF - HCl - CH
2
ClCOOH
41. acid ca dung dch HCN 0,2N s thay i nh th no nu ta thm vo KCN c
nng KCN 0,5 mol/lit?
a) Tng c) Khng thay i.
b) Gim. d) Tng thm 0,5 ion-gam/l.
42. C bao nhiu ion H
+
trong 1ml dung dch c pH bng 13?
a) 10
13
.
b) 6,02.10
13
.
c) 6,02.10
7
.
d) 6,02.10
10
.
43. pH ca nc s thay i th no nu ta thm 0,01 mol NaOH vo 10 lt nc:
a) Tng 2 n v. c) Tng 4 n v.

b) Tng 3 n v. d) Gim 4 n v.

44. pH ca dung dch trung tnh 50
o
C l bao nhiu?
a) 5,5. c) 7,0.
b) 6,6. d) 7,5
45. T l gia nng ca ion hydro trong dung dch ca acid benzoic 1,00.10
-3
M trong
nc v hng s phn ly ca acid l 99. Tnh hng s phn ly.
46. Acid HX 0,150 mol/kg trong nc c phn ly l 7,3 %. Tnh nhit kt tinh v nhit
si ca dung dch.
47. Mt dung dch c cha 0,01 mol/lt KI, 0,10 mol/lit KBr v 0,10 mol/lit KCl . Cho t t
dung dch AgNO
3
vo dung dch trn . Cht no s kt ta u tin?
a) AgI. d) C hai AgBr v AgCl .
b) AgBr. e) Khng th bit c nh cc thng tin trn.
c) AgCl .
Cho T
AgI
=1,5.10
-16
, T
AgBr
=3,3.10
-13
, T
AgCl
= 1,8.10
-10
.
48. Dung dch amoniac 0,1M c cha clorua amoni c nng ion OH
-
l 3,6.10
-6
. Nng
ion amoni s l bao nhiu ?
NH
3
+ H
2
O NH
4
+
+ OH
-

a) 0,50. d) 0,34.
b) 0,94. e) 0,74.
c) 0,64.
49. Nng ca dung dch HNO
3
bng bao nhiu pH dung dch bng 3.
a) 3 d) -3
b) - Antolog[3] e)Tt c u sai.
c) 10
-3

50. Ion no di y trong nc c th va ng vai tr acid ln baz Bronsted?
a) HCO
3
-
. d) CN
-
.
b) SO
4
2-
. e) PO
4-
3-
.
c) NO
3
-
.
51. Ha tan mt lng tha BaSO
4
trong nc. Tch s tan ca mui ny l 1.10
-10
. Nng
ion bari trong nc s l bao nhiu?
a) 10
-4
M.
b) 10
-5
M.
c) 10
-6
M.
d) 10
-10
M.
e) 10
-20
M.

52. Xc nh tch s tan ca mui MX
2
nu dung dch bo ha cha 0,02 mol trong 100 ml
dung dch.
a) 0,20.
b) 0,0034.
c) 0,08.
d) 0,032.
e) 0,016.

53. Gi tr no di y gn vi pH ca dung dch NaOH 10
-4
M nht?
a) 11
b) 10,2
c) 9
d) 7
e) 4

53. Hng s phn ly ca EDTA (H
4
Y)nh sau:
H
4
Y + H
2
O H
3
O
+
+ H
3
Y
-
K
1
= 1,02 .10
-2
H
3
Y
-
+ H
2
O H
3
O
+
+ H
2
Y
- 2
K
2
= 2,14 .10
-3

H
2
Y
-2
+ H
2
O H
3
O
+
+ HY
- 3
K
3
= 6,92 .10
-7

HY
-3
+ H
2
O H
3
O
+
+ Y
- 4
K
4
= 5,50 .10
-11

Tm biu thc xc nh nng chung C
y
ca EDTA.
f) C
y
= [Y
- 4
] + [HY
- 3
] + [H
2
Y
- 2
] + [H
3
Y
-
] + [H
4
Y]
g) C
y
= [HY
- 3
] + [H
2
Y
- 2
] + [H
3
Y
-
] + [H
4
Y]
h) C
y
= [Y
- 4
] + [HY
- 3
] + [H
2
Y
- 2
] + [H
3
Y
-
]
i) C
y
= [Y
- 4
] + [HY
- 3
] + [H
2
Y
- 2
] + [H
3
Y
-
] + [H
3
O
+
]
j) C
y
= [Y
- 4
] + [HY
- 3
] + [H
2
Y
- 2
] + [H
3
Y
-
] + [OH
-
]
55. Tnh nng ti thiu ca ion Br
-
cn thit kt ta AgBr t dung dch c nng ion
Ag
+
l 1,0.10
-5
mol/lt. ( T
AgBr
= 4,0.10
-13
).
a) 4,0. 10
-10
M d) 4,0. 10
-11
M
b) 4,0. 10
-9
M e) (40)
1/2
. 10
-6
M
c) 4,0. 10
-8
M
56. Hng s thy phn ca Al
3+
trong nc l 1,4. 10
-5
. Nng ion H
3
O
+
trong dung dch
AlCl
3
l bao nhiu?
a) (1,4. 10
-5
)
1/2
M d) 1,4. 10
-4
M
b) (1,4. 10
-6
)
1/2
M e) Tt c u sai.
c) (1,4. 10
-4
)
1/2
M
57. Tnh pOH ca dung dch hnh thnh t s trn ln 70 ml dung dch NH
3
0,1M v 60 ml
dung dich HCl 0,05M.
a) lg (1,8.10
-5
) - lg (0,03 / 0,04)
b) -lg (1,8.10
-5
) + lg (4,0 / 3,0)
c) -lg (1,8.10
-5
) + lg (0,004 / 0,003)
d) -lg (1,8.10
-5
) - lg (0,004 / 0,003)
58. Sp xp cc cht di y theo tng ca tnh acid: H
3
O
+
, H
2
O, H
2
, H
3
O
+
, HSO
4
-
v HF.
a) H
2
O < HF < H
2
< H
3
O
+
< HSO
4
-
b) HF < H
2
O < H
2
< HSO
4
-
< H
3
O
+
c) H
2
< HF < H
2
O < H
3
O
+
< HSO
4
-
d) H
2
< H
2
O < HF < HSO
4
-
< H
3
O
+
e) H
2
O < H
2
< H
3
O
+
< HF < HSO
4
-
59. Nng ion H
+
l bao nhiu trong dung dch KOH 0,0020 M?
a) [H
+
] = K
w
/ [0,0020]
b) [H
+
] = K
w
. [0,0020]
c) [H
+
] = [0,0020]

/ K
w

d) [H
+
] = -log { K
w
/ [0,0020]}
e) Khng c cu no ng c.
60. Hng s thy phn ca phn ng NH
4
+ H
2
O NH
3
+ H
3
O
+
l 5,6. 10
-10
25
o
C.
pH ca dung dch NH
4
Cl s gn vi gi tr no nht?
a) 4 d) 5,5.
b) 5 e) 4,5
c) 6
61. Mt dung dch m cha NaHCO
3
, H
2
CO
3
c pha sao cho pH=7. T l nng gia
[NaHCO
3
]/ [H
2
CO
3
] l bao nhiu nu bit hng s phn ly ca acid ny l 4,3 . 10
-7
.
a) 43. d) 86.
b) 4,3. e) 1,29.
c) 0,43.
62. Dung dch A cha NaHCO
3
, vi nng mi cht l 0,1 mol/lit. Cho 0,01 mol HCl vo 1
lt dung dch ni trn. pK
a
ca H
2
CO
3
l 6,37. pH ca dung dch hnh thnh s gn vi gi tr
no nht?
a) 6,37 d) 4,35
b) 6,28 e) 2,10
c) 5,84
63. Cho 50 ml dung dch Na
2
SO
4
1M vo dung dch cha ion Ba
+2
th bt u xut nin kt
ta suynfat bari. Th tch cui cng ca hn hp l 500 ml. Tch s tan ca BaSO
4
l 1 . 10
-10
.
Nng ca Ba
2+
trong

dung dch ban u l bao nhiu?
a) 5,0 x 10
-9
M d) 1,0 x 10
-9
M
b) 2,0 x 10
-9
M e) 1,1 x 10
-9
M
c) 9,0 x 10
-9
M
64. Ta c dung dch cha ion Ag
+
v ion Ca
+2
vi nng tng ion l 0,01M. kt ta chn
lc ion bc ta cn thm ion no vo?
a) SO
4
2-
( T
Ca SO4
= 2,4 x 10
-5
, T
Ag2 SO4
= 1,2 x 10
-5
)
b) OH
-
( T
Ca (OH)2
= 1,3 x 10
-6
, T
AgOH
= 2,0 x 10
-8
)
c) PO
4
3-
( T
Ca3 (PO4)2
= 1,3 x 10
-32
, T
Ag3PO4
= 1,8 x 10
-18
)
d) Bt k ion no trong s trn u c.
e) Khng ion no c.
65. Acid oxalic HOOC-COOH c pK
a1
= 1,23 v pK
a2
= 4,19. Gi s ta c dung dch acid
oxalic. pH no th nng dng [HOOC-COO
-
] s ln nht?
a) 1,23 d) 2,71
b) 4,19 e) 14,0.
c) 7,55

Bng 1.4:
Hng s in ly ca mt s axit trong nc 25
o
C

Cht in
ly
Phng trnh in ly K
a

C
6
H
5
COO
H
C
6
H
5
COO
H


C
6
H
5
COO
-
+
H
+

6,3.10
-5

C
6
H
5
OH C
6
H
5
OH


C
6
H
5
O
-
+

H
+
1,3.10
-10

CH
3
COOH
CH
2
ClCOO
H
CH
3
COOH
CH
2
ClCOO
H
CH
3
COO
-
+

H
+
CH
2
ClCOO
-
+
H
+

1,75.10
-5
1,38.10
-3

H
2
B
4
O
7
H
2
B
4
O
7
HB
4
O
7
-

H
+
+ HB
4
O
7
-

H
+
+ B
4
O
7
-2

K
1
= 1,8.10
-
4
K
2
= 2,0.10
-
8

H
2
C
2
O
4
H
2
C
2
O
4
HC
2
O
4
-

H
+
+ HC
2
O
4
-
H
+
+ C
2
O
4
-2

K
1
= 5,6.10
-
2
K
2
= 5,4.10
-
5

H
2
CO
3
H
2
CO
3
HCO
3
-

H
+
+ HCO
3
-
H
+
+ CO
3
-2

K
1
= 4,5.10
-
7
K
2
=4,7.10
-
11

H
2
CrO
4
H
2
CrO
4
HCrO
4
-
2HCrO
4
-

H
+
+ HCrO
4
-
H
+
+ CrO
4
-2
Cr
2
O
7
-2
+
H
2
O
K
1
=1,8.10
-1
K
2
=3,2.10
-7
3,0.10
-2

H
2
S H
2
S

HS
-

H
+
+ HS
-
H
+
+ S
-2

K
1
=1.0.10
-7
K
2
=2.5.10
-
13

H
2
O
2
H
2
O
2

H
+
+ HO
2
-
K
1
=2,0.10
-
12

H
2
S
2
O
3
H
2
S
2
O
3
HS
2
O
3
-

H
+
+
H
2
SO
3
-
H
+
+ S
2
O
3
-
2

K
1
=2,5.10
-
11
K
2
=1,9.10
-2

H
2
SeO
3
H
2
SeO
3
HSeO
3
-

H
+
+
HSeO
3
-
H
+
+ SeO
3
-2

K
1
=1,8.10
-3
K
2
=3,2.10
-9

H
2
SeO
4
H
2
SeO
4

HSeO
4
-

H
+
+
HSeO
4
-
H
+
+ SeO
4
-2


K
2
=8,9.10
-3

H
2
SO
3
H
2
SO
3
HSO
3
-

H
+
+ HSO
3
-
H
+
+ SO
3
-2

K
1
=1,4.10
-2
K
2
=6,2.10
-8

Cht in
ly
Phng trnh in ly K
a

H
2
TeO
3
H
2
TeO
3
HTeO
3
-

H
+
+ HTeO
3
-
H
+
+ TeO
3
-2

K
1
=2,7.10
-3
K
2
=1,8.10
-8

H
2
TeO
4
H
2
TeO
4
HTeO
4
-

H
+
+ HTeO
4
-
H
+
+ TeO
4
-2

K
1
=2,5.10
-3
K
2
=4,1.10
-
11

H
3
AsO
4
H
3
AsO
4
H
2
AsO
4
-
HAsO
4
-2

H
+
+ H
2
AsO
4
-

H
+
+ HAsO
4
-2

H
+
+ AsO
4
-3

K
1
= 5,6.10
-
3
K
2
= 1,7.10
-
7
K
3
= 2.9.10
-
12

H
3
BO
3

H
3
BO
3
H
2
BO
3
-
HBO
3
-2

H
+
+ H
2
BO
3
-
H
+
+ HBO
3
-2
H
+
+ BO
3
-3

K
1
= 7,1.10
-
10
K
2
= 1,8.10
-
13

K
3
= 1,6.10
-
14

H
3
PO
3
H
3
PO
3
H
2
PO
3
-

H
+
+ H
2
PO
3
-

H
+
+ HPO
3
-2

K
1
= 3,1.10
-
2
K
2
= 1,6.10
-
7

H
3
PO
4
H
3
PO
4
H
2
PO
4
-
HPO
4
-2

H
+
+ H
2
PO
4
-

H
+
+ HPO
4
-2

H
+
+ PO
4
-3

K
1
= 7,1.10
-
3
K
2
= 6,2.10
-
8
K
3
= 5,0.10
-
13

H
4
P
2
O
7
H
4
P
2
O
7
H
3
P
2
O
7
-
H
2
P
2
O
7
-2
HP
2
O
7
-3

H
+
+
H
3
P
2
O
7
-

H
+
+ H
2
P
2
O
7
-
2

H
+
+ HP
2
O
7
-
3
H
+
+ P
2
O
7
-4

K
1
= 1,2.10
-
1
K
2
= 7,9.10
-
3
K
3
= 2,0.10
-
7
K
4
= 4,8.10
-
10

HBrO HBrO
H
+
+ BrO
-
2,2.10
-9

HBrO
3
HBrO
3

H
+
+ BrO
3
-
2,0.10
-1

HClO HClO
H
+
+ ClO
-
3,0.10
-8

HClO
2
HClO
2

H
+
+ ClO
2
-
1,1.10
-2

HCN HCN
H
+
+ CN
-
4,9.10
-10

HCNS HCNS
H
+
+ CNS
-
1,4.10
-1

HCOOH HCOOH
HCOO
-
+

H
+
1,8.10
-4

HF HF
H
+
+ F
-
6,2.10
-4


Bng 1.5:
Hng s in ly ca mt s baz trong nc 25
o
C

Baz Phng trnh in ly K
b
Amonium
Anilin
Benzidine

Ethylamine
Hidroxilami
n
Methylamin
Oxiquinolin
e
Piridine
Ur
Urtrpin
Quinoline
NH
4
OH
C
6
H
5
NH
2
+

H
2
O
(C
6
H
4
)(NH
2
)
2
+

H
2
O

C
2
H
5
NH
2
+

H
2
O NH
2
OH +

H
2
O

CH
3
NH
2
+

H
2
O
C
9
H
7
ON

+

H
2
O
C
5
H
5
N +

H
2
O
CO(NH
2
)
2
+

H
2
O
(CH
2
)
6
N
4
+

H
2
O
C
9
H
7
N +

H
2
O
NH
4
+

+

OH
-

C
6
H
5
NH
3
+
+

OH
-
(NH
2
)(C
6
H
4
)(NH
3
)
+
+

OH
-

(C
6
H
4
)(NH
3
)
2
+
+

OH
-

(C
2
H
5
NH
3
)
+
+

OH
-

NH
3
OH
+
+

OH
-

CH
3
NH
3
+
+

OH
-

C
9
H
7
ONH
+
+

OH
-

C
5
H
5
NH
+
+

OH
-

(NH
2
)CO(NH
3
)
+
+

OH
-

C
9
H
7
NH
+
+

OH
-

1,8.10
-5
4,2.10
-
10
9,3.10
-
10
5,6.10
-
10
4,7.10
-4
9,6.10
-9
4,8.10
-4
1,0.10
-9
1,5.10
-9
1,5.10
-
14
1,4.10
-
14
6,3.10
-
10


Bng 1.6
Tch s tan ca cht in ly t tan.

Cht in ly Nhit (
o
C) T
AgBr
AgCl
Ag
2
CrO
4
Ag
2
Cr
2
O
7
AgI
Ag
2
SO
4

BaCO
3
BaSO
4

CaCO
3

Ca(COO)
2

Ca(OH)
2
CaSO
4
Cu
2
Br
2

CuCO
3

Cu
2
Cl
2

Cu
2
I
2

FeCO
3

Fe(OH)
2

Fe(OH)
3

Hg
2
Cl
2

HgO
KClO
4

MgCO
3
.2H
2
O
Mg(OH)
2
Mn(OH)
2

NiCO
3

PbCl
2
PbI
2

ZnCO
3
Zn(COO)
2
Zn(OH)
2

25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
18
18
25
25
25
25
25
18
25
25
25
18
25
20
6,3.10
-13

1,56.10
-10

4,05.10
-12

2,0.10
-7

1,5.10
-16

7,7.10
-5

7,0.10
-9

1,08.10
-10

4,8.10
-9

2,57.10
-9

3,1.10
-5

6,26.10
-5

5,3.10
-9

2,36.10
-10

1,8.10
-7

1,1.10
-12

2,11.10
-11

4,8.10
-16

3,8.10
-38

1,1.10
-18

1,7.10
-26

1,07.10
-2

1,0.10
-5

5,5.10
-12

4.10
-14

1,35.10
-7

1,7.10
-5
8,7.10
-
9
6,0.10
-11

1,35.10
-9

4,0.10
-16


BI TP CHNG II + III
4. Tnh hng s cn bng ca cc phn ng ion da trn AH, S sinh thnh ca cc ion trong
dung dch.
Cu
2+
+ Zn Cu + Zn
2+

H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O
Fe
3+
+ I
-
Fe
2+
+ I
2

5. Vit chu trnh kn xc nh entalpy hydrat ha ca ion Mg
2+
da trn cc s liu sau
y:
Entalpy thng hoa ca Mg: +167,2 kJ/mol.
Th ion ha th nht ca Mg: 7,646 eV
Th ion ha th hai ca Mg: 15,035 eV
Entalpy phn ly ca Cl
2
: +241,6 kJ/mol.
Ai lc in t ca Cl: -3,78 eV
Entalpy ha tan ca MgCl
2
: -150,5 kJ/mol.
Entalpy hydrat ha ca Cl
-
: -383,7 kJ/mol.
-1892,2 kJ/mol
6. Tnh entalpy hydrat ha ca ion CaCl
2
bit nng lng mng tinh th ca CaCl
2
l
2255kJ/mol, Entalpy hydrat ha ca Cl
-
: -383,7 kJ/mol.
-1568,9 kJ/mol
11. Chng minh rng lc ion ca KCl, MgCl
2
, FeCl
3
, Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
v CuSO
4
lin h vi nng
molan bi cc biu thc sau: J(KCl) = m, J(MgCl
2
) = 3m, J(FeCl
3
) = 6m, J(Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
) = 15m
v J(CuSO
4
) = 4m.
12. Tnh lc ion ca dung dch cha ng thi KCl v CuSO
4
vi nng tng ng l 0,10
v 0,20 mol/kg.
(0,90 mol/kg)
13. Tnh nng ca dung dch cha K
3
[Fe(CN)
6
] 0,040mol/kg, KCl 0,030 mol/kg v NaBr
0,050 mol/kg.
(0,320 mol/kg)
14. Tnh khi lng a) Ca(NO
3
)
2
ring bit, b) NaCl cn thit phi thm vo dung dch KNO
3

0,150 mol/kg trong nc v cha 500 gam dung mi lc ion c gi tr l 0,250 mol/kg.
a) 2,73 g b) 2,92 g
15. Dung dch CuSO
4
phi c nng bao nhiu c lc ion bng vi dung dch KCl 1,00
mol/kg.
0,250 mol/kg
16. Hy a ra biu thc tnh h s hat ion trung bnh ca CaCl
2
t h s hat ca cc
ion ring bit.
f

= (f
+
.f
-
2
)
1/3

17. S dng php gn ng th nht Debye - Hckel tnh h s hat ion trung bnh ca
CaCl
2
trong dung dch cha CaCl
2
0,010 mol/kg v NaF 0,030 mol/kg.
0,56
18. H s hat ion trung bnh ca dung dch La(NO
3
)
3
0,500 mol/kg o c bng thc
nghim l 0,303 25
o
C. Tnh sai bit ( tnh theo %) ca php gn ng th nht Debye -
Hckel so vi thc nghim.
1.10
2
%
19. H s hat ion trung bnh ca ba dung dch HBr trong nc 25
o
C o c l 0,930 (
5,0 mmol/kg); 0,907 ( 10,0 mmol/kg) v 0,879 ( 20,0 mmol/kg). Tnh hng s A trong php
gn ng th hai Debye - Hckel.
2.03
20. H s hat ion trung bnh ca dung dch NaCl trong nc 25
o
C c cho trong bng
sau. Chng minh rng cc s liu sau tha mn php gn ng th nht Debye - Hckel.
m
(mmol/kg)
1,0 2,0 5,0 10,0 20,0
f

0,9649 0,951
9
0,927
5
0,902
4
0,871
2
T cc s liu trn p dng php gn ng th hai Debye - Hckel, hy tnh hng s A.
11. Chng minh rng ha tan ca dung dch cht in ly t tan 1:1 lin h vi tch s ion
bi biu thc
s T e
s
=
1 2 117 / .

12. Cht in ly t tan MX c tch s tan l T, ha tan l s. Chng minh rng trong dung
dch cht in ly mnh NX nng C phn ly hon ton th ha tan ca MX s l
s C T C ' ( ) = +
1
2
4
2

v s
T
C
' = khi T nh.
Cho rng dung dch trn l dung dch l tng.
12. Chng minh rng, nu lc ion ca dung dch cha ng thi cht in ly t tan MX v
cht in ly mnh NX c quyt nh bi nng C ca cht in ly mnh, v dung dch
ny tun theo php gn ng th nht Debye - Hckel; th ha tan s trong hn hp c
tnh theo biu thc:
s
T
C
e
h C
'
,
=
4 61

13. ha tan ca clorua bc trong nc 25
o
C l 1,274.10
-5
mol/kg. Ap dng php gn
ng th nht Debye - Hckel hy tnh: a)Nng lng Gibbs chun thc ca phn ng ha tan
AgCl Ag
+
+ Cl
-
; b) ha tan ca AgCl trong dung dch K
2
SO
4
0,200M.
55,9 KJ/mol, 1,7.10
-5
mol/kg
14. Ap dng php gn ng th nht Debye - Hckel hy tnh phn ly ca acid acetic trong
nc 25
o
C ng vi nng acid l 0,100 mol/kg.
1,4 %
15. Cho dung dch HCl 0,100M. S dng php gn ng th nht Debye - Hckel hy tnh pH
ca dung dch trn.
1,2
16. H s hat ion trung bnh ca dung dch KCl 3,00.10
-3
mol/kg v BaCl
2
1,00.10
-3
ln
lt l 0,94 v 0,88. Ch s dng cc d kin m bi cho, hy tnh h s hat ca ion
Ba
2+
.
0,77
17. S dng php gn ng th nht Debye - Hckel hy tnh hat ion trung bnh ca dung
dch HCl, KCl, ZnCl
2
trong cc dung dch tng ng v so snh kt qu l thuyt vi nhng
gi tr thc nghim thu c t bng sau:
Nng f

thc nghim
mol/kg HCl KCl ZnCl
2

1,00. 10
-3
5,00. 10
-3
1,00. 10
-2
0,966
0,928
0,904
0,966
0,927
0,902
0,881
0,780
0,731
2,00. 10
-2
5,00. 10
-3
1,00. 10
-1
2,00. 10
-1

0,876
0,830
0,796
0,766
0,862
0,816
0,770
0,718
0,666
0,578
0,515
0,459
Hy xc nh xem php gn ng th nht Debye - Hckel c th p dng khong nng
no?
18. S dng php gn ng th hai ca Debye - Hckel hy tnh hat ion trung bnh ca
cc dung dch HCl 0,100M , MgCl
2
0,100M v ZnSO
4
0,100M.
0,754; 0,16; 0,436
19. Tnh lc ion ca dung dch BaCl
2
0,01 M?
a) 0,03 b) 0,04 c) 0,01
d) 0,02 e) 0,00
20. Tnh lc ion ca dung dch cha H
2
SO
4
0,01M v CH
3
COOH 0,01 M?
a) 0,03 b) 0,04 c) 0,01
d) 0,02 e) 0,06

BI TP CHNG IV
2. Trnh by nh hng ca nhit n dn in ca kim loi v dn in ca dung
dch in ly. So snh v gii thch.
3. o dn ca cc dung dch khc nhau bng cng mt bnh o dn. Dung dch KCl
0,050M cho in tr 243 om. Dung dch NaOH 0,010M cho in tr 681 om. Tnh dn
in ring v dn in ng lng ca dung dch NaOH 0,010M. Bit dn in ring
ca dung dch KCl 0,05M l 6,67.10
-3
om
-1
cm
-1
.
3. dn in ring ca dung dch acid propionic C
2
H
5
COOH 0,010M l 1,41.10
-4
om
-
1
cm
-1,
dn in ng lng cc i ca acid ny l 385,6 om
-1
cm
2
lg
-1
. Tnh phn
ly va acid propionic trong dung dch trn. Tnh hng s phn ly ca acid trn.
4. Chng minh rng trng thi cn bng ca cu Weston ta c h thc: R
1
:R
3
= R
2
:R
4


5. dn in ti hn ca dung dch picrat kali l 103,97 om
-1
cm
2
lg
-1
v linh ionca ion
kali l 73,58 om
-1
cm
2
lg
-1
. Tnh linh v s ti ca ionpicrat trong dung dch v cng
long.
6. Barinski, Symanski v Betto xc nh ha tan ca phc t tan Co
2
Fe(CN)
6
bng cch o
dn in ca dung dch bo ha. dn in ring ca dung dch bo ha l 2,06. 10
-6
om
-
1
cm
-1
, ca nc c dng pha dung dch l 4,1. 10
-7
om
-1
cm
-1
. Linh ca ionCo
2+
v
Fe(CN)
6
- 4
tng ng l 43 v 111 (om
-1
cm
2
lg
-1
). Tnh ha tan ca phc trn.
7. dn in ng lng ca clorua bc cc nng khc nhau c cho trong bng
sau:
C
1/2

o

C. 10
2
(mol/l) 0,10256 0,13694 0,29782 0,32500
(S.cm
2
lg
-1
) 123,43 122,94 121,14 120,95
Tm dn in ng lng ti hn ca dung dch trn.
8. Dung dch LiX 0,1000M c dn in ring l 0,009000 S.cm
-1
25
o
C. Linh ca ion
Li
+
l 39,5 S.cm
2
lg
-1
.
a) Tnh dn in ng lng ca dung dch.
b) Tnh linh ca anionX
-
.
9. in phn dung dch ca cht in ly mnh AB vi cng dng 0,100 ampe vi thi
gian 9650 giy. Phn ng in cc l:
A A
+
+ e
A
+
+ e A
Nng molan ca dung dch ban u l 0,1. Sau khi in phn kt qu phn tch anolit
cho thy c 0,0165 mol AB trong 100 gam nc. Tnh s ti ca cc iontrong dung dch trn.
10. Th nghim kho st dn ca iodate kali ( KIO
3
) cho cc kt qu sau:
C 10
3
mol/l / S.cm
2
lg
-1
C 10
3
mol/l / S.cm
2
lg
-1

0,18265
0,35295
0,70430
0,99845
113,07
112,61
111,91
111,45
1,7117
2,5362
3,2859
3,9118
110,55
109,78
109,19
108,78
Tnh dn in ti hn ca KIO
3
.
11. Brnsted nghin cu dn ca dung dch nitramide nhit 15
o
C v thu c cc
kt qu sau y:
C (mol/l) 0,030 0,015 0,0075 0,00375 0,001875

o
(om
-1
cm
2
lg
-1
) 1,017 1,446 2,052 2,89 4,053

o
H+
=298,
o
Na+
=39,9,
o
NaHN2O2
= 298 (om
-1
cm
2
lg
-1
). Tnh hng s phn ly ca nitramide
ng vi phng trnh phn ly sau:

H
2
N
2
O
2
H
+
+ HN
2
O
2
-

12. Pht biu nh lut Kohlrausch v s ph thuc ca dn in vo nng . nh lut
ny p dng cho dung dch loi no?
p dng nh lut ny hy trnh by phng php xc nh dn in cc i ca KCl
da trn nhng s liu thc nghim sau y:
10
3
.
C , mol/l 10,0 5,00 2,00 1,00 0,200 0,100
, S.cm
2
.mol
-1

122.4 124.4 126.2 127.3 128.8 129.1
13. Ion no di y c tc chuyn ng tuyt i ln nht?
a) Be
2+
c) Rb
+
e) Ca
2+

b) Mg
2+
d) H
+


14. ng di y biu din s ph thuc gia
o
(S.cm
2
mol
-1
) vo C (mol/lit)
1/2
. dc
ca ng thng trn cho ta gi tr:
a) dn in mol cc i
o
.
b) H s Kohlrausch.
c) dn in mol.
d) Hng s bnh.
e) in tr ring .
15. Tnh dn in cc i
o
ca NH
4
OH. Bit dn in cc i
o
ca cc cht NH4Cl,
NaOH, NaCl tng ng l 150, 248 v 127 om
-1
cm
2
mol
-1
.
a) 525 c) 271 e) 121
b) 29 d) 98
16. dn in ring ca nc tinh khit l 7.10
-8
om
-1
cm
-1
. dn in mol ca nc l:
a) 1,26.10
-6
b) 1,26.10
-9
c) 3,89.10
-6

d) 3,89.10
-11
e) Khng c cu no ng c
17. Dung dch NaOH 0,020N ( _ = 0,15 om
-1
m
-1
) c dng xc nh hng s in cc.
in tr o c l 680 om. Tnh hng s in cc .
a) 0,15 / 680 d) 0,02 . 680
b) ( 0,15 . 0,02 ) / 680 e) 1 / ( 0,15 . 680)
c) 0,15 . 680
18. dn in ca acid formic nng 0,0250 M l 8,27.10
-4

S.cm
-1
. Tnh pK
a
. Cho rng
dung dch trn l dung dch l tng.
19. dn in ring ca acid suynfuric 4% l 0,168 S.cm
-1
. T trng ca dung dch l 1,026.
Tnh dn in ng lng ca dung dch.
20. dn in ca acid propionic nng 0,135 M l 4,79.10
-2
S.m
-1
. Tnh pH ca dung
dch, pK
a
ca acid. Cho rng dung dch trn l dung dch l tng. Bit
-
= 37,2 S.cm
2
lg
-1
.
21. Tnh dn in ng lng ca dung dch etilamin C
2
H
5
NH
3
OH pha long 16
l/mol. Bit dn in ng lng ti hn l 232,6 S.cm
2
lg
-1
. dn in ring ca dung
dch trn l 1,312.10
-3
S.cm
-1
. Nng ionOH
-
, phn ly, hng s phn ly l bao nhiu?
22. Hng s phn ly ca acid maleic l 1,54.10
-5
mol/l. Tnh phn ly, nng ionH
+

pha long 1024 l/mol. Bit dn in ng lng trong dung dch trn l 41,3 S.cm
2
lg
-1
.
Tnh dn in ng lng ti hn.
23. dn in ring ca dung dch MgCl
2
5% l 4,38 S.m
-1
. T trng ca dung dch l 1,039.
Tnh dn in ng lng v phn ly biu kin ca dung dch. Bit
Mg2+
= 44,6 v

NO3-
= 62,6 S.cm
2
lg
-1
.
24. dn in ring ca dung dch CH
3
COOH 5,00.10
-2
M l 3,24.10
-2
S.m
-1
. dn in
ring ca dung dch CH
3
COONa 5,00.10
-2
M l 7,75.10
-4
S.m
-1
. Tnh hng s phn ly ca acid
acetic, cho rng mui phn ly hon ton.
25. Tnh dn in ring v dn in ng lng ca dung dch CuSO
4
0,050M. Bit
rng nu thit din in cc l 4 cm
2
v khong cch gia chng l 7 cm th in tr o c
l 230 om.
26. dn in ring ca dung dch KI l 89,0 S.m
-1
. dn in ring ca dung dch KCl
l 186 S.m
-1
. T hai dung dch trn pha dung dch cha ng thi hai mui c dn in
ring l 98,5 S.m
-1
. Tnh phn trm ca mi dung dch ban u trong hn hp.
27. in phn dung dch HCl tnh s ti. Lng ion Cl
-
trong catolit trc v sau in
phn tng ng l 0,177 v 0,163 iongam. Trong culng k bc mc ni tip lng Ag gii
phng trn catod tng ng vi 0,083 iongam Cl
-
. Tnh s ti ca H
+
v ionCl
-
.
28. S ti ca anion trong cc dung dch NaCl 0,1M, KCl 0,1M, NaBr 0,1M ln lt l 0,603,
0,504, 0,605. xc nh s ti ca cc ion trong dung dch KBr 0,1M. Cho rng cc dung dch
trn l dung dch l tng.
29. Bng sau cho cc cp gi tr dn in ng lng v nng ca dung dch KNO
3
.
Tnh dn in ng lng ti hn.
10
3
.
C , mol/l 0,500 1,00 5,00 10,0 50,0 100
, S.cm
2
.mol
-1

124.4 123,6 120,5 115,8 109,9 104,8
30. dn in ring ca dung dch KCl 0,500 M 18
o
C l 5,12 S.m
-1
. H s nhit ca
dn in ring l 0,0208 K
-1
. Tnh dn in ng lng ca dung dch 25
o
C.
31. 18
o
C vn tc chuyn ng tuyt i ca ion H
+
v ion valeric C
5
H
9
O
2
-
l 3,242.10
-4
v
2,662.10
-4
cm
2
V
-1
s
-1
. H s nhit ca vn tc tng ng l 0,0154 v 0,0244 K
-1
. Tnh
dn in ng lng ti hn ca dung dch acid valeric 25
o
C.