Port and Harbor Engineering

Radianta Triatmadja
Lecture note 5
 Basin Design
Basin Design
Resume of the 4th Lecture
 Tidal constants
N = 200, 9 are normally used
Phase

 2t
n

   Ai cos  i 
i 1  Ti 
Amplitude Period

Phase : change with time and place

Amplitude : change with location but not with time
Period : Doesn’t change with time and location
 Most Important
Tidal Constants
• S2
• M2
• O1
• K1

MWL = Mean Water Level

HWL = High Water Level
LWL = Low Water Level
CDL = Chart Datum Level
CDL = MWL-Amplitude of (S2+M2+O1+K1)
 An Example of Water level
Fluctuation
40.Air Pelayaran Sebelah Barat Surabaya
Spring (Karang Jamuang)
Neap
24

20
dm

16
Elevasi

12

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
Tim e
hours
 Tidal Constant
No Symb Period Remark
Type of Tides ol (hrs)

Semi diurnal 1 M2 12.42 Main lunar semi-diurnal component

2 S2 12.00 Main Solar semi-diurnal component
3 N2 12.66 Lunar component due to monthly variation
in moon’s distance from earth

Diurnal 4 K2 11.97 Soli-lunar constituent due to changes in

declination of sun and moon throughout
their orbital cycle

5 K1 23,93 Soli-lunar component

6 O1 25.82 Main lunar diurnal component
7 P1 24.07 Main solar diurnal component

Long period 8 327.86 Moon’s biweekly component

Ship : 8000 DWT
MSL = 0,0 ; Amplitude of S1 = 0.2; M2 = 0.3, O1 = 0.4 ; K1 =0.6.
Dredging 0.5; Sounding tolerance = 0.5, Sediment = 0.5 m
Volume of Dredging ?
CDL = 0.0- (0.2+0.3+0.4+0.6) = - 1.50 m
Draft = 8.0 m
Basin Depth = 8.0x 1.14= 9.1 m
Depth required for dredging = 9.1+1.5=10.6 m
Bottom level = -1.50 -10.6 = -12.10 m
 Example
Ship : 8000 DWT (2 ships maximum at a time) 1000 DWT (12 Ships at a time)
MSL = 0,0 ; Amplitude of S1 = 0.2; M2 = 0.3, O1 = 0.4 ; K1 =0.6
Volume of Dredging ?

200 m
-20

-15

-10

-6

-4 Harbor 1000 m

-2
1500 m
-0
 Size of Basin
Basin area should accommodate:
• Space for Berthing (loading & unloading)
• Space for ships anchored
• Space for ships maneuver (Waterway
should be clear all time)
 Size of Wharf and area of berth
Passenger ships
Size (GT) Length of Length Of LOB/LOA
Ship (LOA) Berth
2000 88 100 1.14
3000 99 120 1.21
5000 120 150 1.25
8000 142 170 1.20
10000 154 190 1.23
15000 179 220 1.23
20000 198 240 1.21
30000 230 280 1.22
Average LOB/LOA = 1.21
 Size of Wharf and area of berth
Cargo Ships
Size (DWT) Length of Length Of LOB/LOA
Ship (LOA) Berth
1000 64 80 1.25
3000 92 110 1.20
5000 109 130 1.19
8000 126 160 1.27
10000 137 170 1.24
30000 186 240 1.29
50000 216 280 1.30
100000 259 330 1.27

Average LOB/LOA = 1.25

Wharf and Pier

LOB

LOA LOA
Wharf and Pier

LOB LOA
 Example
• After some analysis it was found that the
wharf should be able to serve 3
passanger ships at the same time. All of
them are 3000 GT. How long is the total
Wharf length?
Answer :
According to table >> Each ships should
have 120 meter of berth. The total
berthing space is 360 meters.
 Area of Basin for Anchorage
Objective Mooring Type Sea bed, Soil, or Radius
Wind
Offshore waiting Swinging Good anchoring L +6D
or Cargo handling mooring
Bad anchoring L+6D+30 m

Mooring with 2 Good anchoring L+4.5D

Anchors
Bad anchoring L+4.5D +25 m

Mooring during Wind Velocity 20m/s L+3 D +90 m

Storm
Wind Velocity 30m/s L+4 D +145 m
Area of Basin for Ship Maneuvering
Turning Basin
• At least equals the area of circle with R
=1.5 L
 Calmness of the Basin
Size of Ship Maximum Wave Height
(H33)
Small Vessel 0.3 meter
( < 500 GT)
Intermediate and Large 0.5 meter
Vessels
Very Large Vessel 0.7 ~ 1.5
(> 50 000 GT)
 Example
• The amplitude of M2, S2, O1 and K1 are
0.5 m, 0.3 m, 0.1 m and 0.2 m
respectively.
What is the quay wall crown level for large
ships?
 Length of Berth

LP  nLOA  (n  1)15  50
d  LP  2e
b  3 A /(d  2e)
Lp

15 m 25 m

e
d
 Size of Wharf and area of berth
Passenger ships (one)
Size (GT) Length of Length Of Length Of LOB/LOA
Ship Berth Berth (OCDI/BT)
(LOA) (OCDI) (BT)
2000 88 100 133 0.75
3000 99 120 149 0.80
5000 120 150 170 0.88
8000 142 170 192 0.88
10000 154 190 204 0.93
15000 179 220 229 0.96
20000 198 240 248 0.96
30000 230 280 280 1.0
 Size of Wharf and area of berth
Passenger ships (three ships)
Size (GT) Length of Length Of Length Of LOB/LOA
Ship Berth Berth (BT)
(LOA)
2000 88 300 344 1.14
3000 99 360 377 1.21
5000 120 450 440 1.25
8000 142 510 506 1.20
10000 154 570 542 1.23
15000 179 660 617 1.23
20000 198 720 674 1.21
30000 230 840 770 1.22
 900 OCDI
Berth 800
Length
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000

Gross Ton
Example of Wharf
Crown Height of QuayWalls
Above HWL
Tidal Tidal
Range Range <
>=3.0 3.0 meter
For Large meter
0.5 ~ 1.5 m 1.0 ~ 2.0 m
Ship (Draft
> 4.5 m)
For Small 0.3 ~ 1.0 m 0.5 ~ 1.5 m
ship (Draft
< 4.5 m)
Crown Elevation
Problems of Appron Elevation
Floating Wharf
Width of Pier
B

LOB LOA
 Small Pier

Office Office
 Small Passenger pier
Water depth sufficient
no dredging required

Office
Space beteween ships
35 – 50 m