0.

07 1,000
2,000
2,100
2,200
0.06 2,300
2,400
2,500
2,600
0.05 2,700
2,800
2,900
3,000
0.04
3,100
3,200
f
3,300
0.03 3,400
3,500
3,600
3,700
0.02 3,800
3,900
3,910
3,920
0.01 3,930
3,940
3,950
3,960
0 3,970
1,000
3,980
3,990
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
20,000
30,000
50,000
70,000
100,000
300,000
500,000
700,000
1,000,000
3,000,000
5,000,000
7,000,000
10,000,000

1
0.020
0.064
0.032
0.0307
0.0301
0.0309
0.0329
0.0355
0.0383
0.0412
0.0442
0.0471
0.0498
0.0523
0.0545
0.0561
0.0573
0.0581
0.0585
0.0587
0.0588
0.0587
0.0587
0.0587
0.0587
0.0587
0.0587
0.0587
0.0587
0.0587
0.0587
0.0569
0.0554
0.0544
0.0536
0.0530
0.0526
0.0522
0.0504
0.0498
0.0493
0.0491
0.0489
0.0487
0.0486
0.0486
0.0486
0.0486
0.0485
0.0485
0.0485

2
0.010
0.064
0.032
0.0307
0.0301
0.0309
0.0329
0.0354
0.0382
0.0409
0.0435
0.0459
0.0479
0.0495
0.0505
0.0511
0.0513
0.0514
0.0513
0.0512
0.0510
0.0508
0.0508
0.0508
0.0507
0.0507
0.0507
0.0507
0.0506
0.0506
0.0506
0.0490
0.0472
0.0459
0.0449
0.0442
0.0436
0.0431
0.0406
0.0398
0.0390
0.0387
0.0384
0.0380
0.0380
0.0379
0.0379
0.0379
0.0378
0.0378
0.0378

3
0.0075
0.064
0.032
0.0307
0.0301
0.0309
0.0329
0.0354
0.0381
0.0407
0.0432
0.0454
0.0471
0.0483
0.0490
0.0493
0.0494
0.0494
0.0492
0.0490
0.0488
0.0486
0.0485
0.0485
0.0485
0.0485
0.0484
0.0484
0.0484
10,000
0.0484
0.0483
0.0469
0.0449
0.0435
0.0425
0.0417
0.0410
0.0404
0.0377
0.0367
0.0358
0.0354
0.0351
0.0347
0.0346
0.0345
0.0345
0.0344
0.0344
0.0344
0.0344

4
0.0050
0.064
0.032
0.0307
0.0301
0.0309
0.0329
0.0354
0.0380
0.0405
0.0428
0.0447
0.0460
0.0469
0.0473
0.0474
0.0474
0.0472
0.0470
0.0467
0.0465
0.0462
0.0462
0.0461
0.0461
0.0461
0.0461
0.0460
0.0460
0.0460
0.0459
0.0447
0.0426
0.0410
0.0399
0.0390
0.0382
0.0376
0.0344
0.0332
0.0321
0.0316
0.0313
0.0306
0.0305
0.0305
0.0304
0.0303
0.0303
0.0303
0.0303

5
Moody
diagram. f = f(R
0.003
0.064
0.032
0.0307
0.0301
0.0309
0.0328
0.0353
0.0378
0.0402
0.0423
0.0439
0.0450
0.0455
0.0457
0.0457
0.0456
0.0453
0.0450
0.0448
0.0445
0.0442
0.0441
0.0441
0.0441
0.0441
0.0440
0.0440
0.0440
0.0439 100,000
0.0439 Re
0.0428
0.0406
0.0389
0.0376
0.0366
0.0358
0.0351
0.0314
0.0299
0.0286
0.0279
0.0274
0.0266
0.0264
0.0263
0.0263
0.0262
0.0261
0.0261
0.0261

Laminar region. Hagen - Poiseuille equation

Critical region. Can be well aproximated for relative rugosities less than 0.01, with churchill equatio
Transition region. Colebrook equation
Turbulent region. Colebrook equation

6
7
ody diagram.
f = f(Re,
Rrel)
0.001
0.0005
0.064
0.032
0.0307
0.0301
0.0308
0.0328
0.0352
0.0376
0.0399
0.0417
0.0430
0.0437
0.0440
0.0440
0.0439
0.0436
0.0433
0.0430
0.0427
0.0424
0.0420
0.0420
0.0420
0.0419
0.0419
0.0419
0.0419
0.0418
100,000 0.0418
Re 0.0418
0.0409
0.0385
0.0367
0.0353
0.0341
0.0332
0.0324
0.0279
0.0259
0.0240
0.0230
0.0221
0.0206
0.0202
0.0200
0.0199
0.0197
0.0197
0.0196
0.0196

0.064
0.032
0.0307
0.0301
0.0308
0.0328
0.0352
0.0376
0.0398
0.0415
0.0427
0.0433
0.0436
0.0436
0.0434
0.0431
0.0428
0.0425
0.0421
0.0418
0.0415
0.0414
0.0414
0.0414
0.0414
0.0413
0.0413
0.0413
0.0412
0.0412
0.0404
0.0379
0.0361
0.0346
0.0334
0.0325
0.0316
0.0269
0.0248
0.0225
0.0214
0.0203
0.0182
0.0176
0.0174
0.0172
0.0168
0.0168
0.0167
0.0167

8
0.0001
0.064
0.032
0.0307
0.0301
0.0308
0.0328
0.0352
0.0375
0.0397
0.0413
0.0425
0.0430
0.0432
0.0432
0.0430
0.0427
0.0424
0.0420
0.0417
0.0414
0.0410
0.0410
0.0410
0.0409
0.0409
0.0409
0.0408
0.0408
1,000,000
0.0408
0.0407
0.0400
0.0375
0.0356
0.0341
0.0329
0.0319
0.0310
0.0261
0.0237
0.0212
0.0198
0.0185
0.0154
0.0144
0.0139
0.0134
0.0125
0.0123
0.0122
0.0121

9
0.00005
0.064
0.032
0.0307
0.0301
0.0308
0.0328
0.0351
0.0375
0.0396
0.0413
0.0424
0.0430
0.0432
0.0431
0.0429
0.0426
0.0423
0.0420
0.0416
0.0413
0.0410
0.0409
0.0409
0.0409
0.0408
0.0408
0.0408
0.0407
0.0407
0.0407
0.0399
0.0374
0.0355
0.0340
0.0328
0.0318
0.0309
0.0260
0.0236
0.0211
0.0196
0.0182
0.0150
0.0138
0.0132
0.0126
0.0114
0.0111
0.0110
0.0108

10
0.00001
0.064
0.032
0.0307
0.0301
0.0308
0.0328
0.0351
0.0375
0.0396
0.0413
0.0424
0.0430
0.0432
0.0431
0.0429
0.0426
0.0423
0.0419
0.0416
0.0413
0.0409
0.0409
0.0409
0.0408
0.0408
0.0408
0.0407
0.0407
0.0407
0.0406
0.0399
0.0374
0.0355
0.0340
0.0328
0.0318
0.0309
0.0259
0.0235
0.0209
0.0194
0.0180
0.0146
0.0133
0.0126
0.0119
0.0102
0.0096
0.0093
0.0090

11
12
0.000005
0.000001
0.064
0.064
0.032
0.032
0.0307
0.0307
0.0301
0.0301
0.0308
0.0308
0.0328
0.0328
0.0351
Rrel 0.0351
0.0375
0.0375
0.02
0.0396
0.0396
0.01
0.0413
0.0413
0.0424
0.0424
0,0075
0.0430
0.0430
0.0050
0.0432
0.0432
0.003
0.0431
0.0431
0.0429
0.0429
0.001
0.0426
0.0426
0.0005
0.0423
0.0423
0.0001
0.0419
0.0419
0.0416
0.0416
0.0005
0.0412
0.0412
0.00001
0.0409
0.0409
0.0409
0.0409
0.000005
0.0409
0.0408
0.000001
0.0408
0.0408
0.0408
0.0408
0.0408
0.0408
0.0407
0.0407
0.0407
0.0407
10,000,000
0.0407
0.0407
0.0406
0.0406
0.0399
0.0399
0.0374
0.0374
0.0355
0.0355
0.0340
0.0340
0.0328
0.0328
0.0317
0.0317
0.0309
0.0309
0.0259
0.0259
0.0235
0.0235
0.0209
0.0209
0.0194
0.0194
0.0180
0.0180
0.0145
0.0145
0.0132
0.0132
0.0125
0.0124
0.0117
0.0117
0.0099
0.0098
0.0093
0.0090
0.0089
0.0086
0.0086
0.0082

s than 0.01, with churchill equation. Not shown in thsi graphic

For 0 < Re < 2300

Laminar region. Hagen - Poiseuille equation
For 2300 =< Re =< 4000
Critical region. Churchill equation is used
For 4000 < Re
Transition and turbulent regions
Colebrook equation

There is not a theory describing the critical region.

Churchill equation describes relatively well this region, for smooth pipes with Rrel <= 0.01, giving conservative v
when compared with Nikurades experimental data (See Nikurade sheet).
Although Churchill equation describes also perfectly the turbulente region, Colebrook equation is
used in these regions because the use of this equation is often required in certain design criteria.

01, giving conservative values,