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Jason Clark Bunger Calculus BC 5 August 2013 1. The origin of the word calculus comes from the Latin word calculus which means a pebble or stone used for counting. The root of calculus is calx which means limestone. 2. Differential Calculus Integral Calculus Series Vector Calculus Multivariable Calculus 3. a) Madhava of Sagamagrama was known for laying the foundations for the development of calculus by developing some components of calculus. These components included differentiation, term-by-term integration, the theory that the area under a curve is its integral, and iterative methods for solutions of non-linear equations. b) Sir Isaac Newton created the chain and product rules, the notion of higher derivatives, Taylor series, analytical functions, and the Binomial Theorem. He also utilized his work in calculus in space such as finding the problem of planetary motion. He helped mold calculus to what we know it as today. c) Gottfried Leibniz created the symbol for differentiation which is used in the product rule and the integral rule-theorem that helps to know when and how to differentiate under the integral sign. He created integrals through his work in developing calculus. He also helped mold calculus to what we know it as today. 4. There was a huge controversy between Newton and Leibniz on who invented calculus first. This controversy arose as Newton claimed to be working on a new form of calculus in 1666 and then Leibniz worked on his variant of calculus in 1674. When this happened, there was a controversy on who invented calculus first. The difference between Leibniz and Newton is that Leibniz published a paper on it before Newton. Leibniz published his paper in 1696 where Newton didnt explain his version of calculus in full until 1704 where he described it in full. I think that Newton has the rights to be considered the person who invented calculus in this case. If he was the one to first come up with the idea and has documentation to prove it, then he should be credited for his findings. Overall though, I dont think there is a true founder of calculus. I think this because calculus was a collaboration of ideas over the years from many mathematicians as they created ideas. These ideas were expanded upon throughout the years from the original founder. This is why I think that there are more than one founder. 5. Calculus was a development of math from the very foundations of math to the time when calculus was conceived. Since this is true, calculus was a collaboration of a multitude of

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mathematicians that created the foundations of calculus or the mathematicians that expanded on those foundations and made it evolve into the calculus that we use today. Calculus could not have been one of those instant discoveries however. It is almost impossible for a person to create a brand new way to do math by themselves and not make any mistakes. While doing this, they would have to cover every single aspect of calculus as well. That is not a one person job but a collaboration of mathematicians over many years with many different backgrounds.

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