1.

Explore Mother Board components and Layouts, identifying external ports and interfacing, identifying PCI cards and interfacing
O !ecti"e# To learn about the components of the mother board. Mother oard# There are primarily two types of motherboards, AT motherboard, and ATX motherboard. AT motherboards are older, and not commonly used now a days. The AT and ATX motherboards differ in the form factor. Full AT is 12" wide x 13. " deep, and !aby AT is ."#" wide x 13.$%" deep. Full&ATX is 12" wide x '.(" deep and )ini&ATX is 11.2" wide x .2" deep. *ther ma+or differences include power supply connector, and ,eyboard connector. AT has "&pin lar-e ,eyboard connector, where as ATX has (&pin mini connector. .imilarly, AT has sin-le row two connectors /0&"1, and /0&121, whereas ATX motherboard has double row sin-le connector pro2idin- /0&"1, /0&121, and /3.31. A typical ATX 34 motherboard with constituent components is -i2en below5

The important constituent components of an ATX )otherboard are -i2en below5 1. Mouse $ %ey oard 2. &'B 3. Parallel port %. CP& Chip ". #. ()M slots I+E controller (. *loppy controller . PCI slot '. I') slot 1$. CMO' Battery 11. ),P slot 12. CP& slot 1-. Po.er supply plug in 1. Mouse $ %ey oard# 6eyboard 4onnectors are two types basically. All 34s ha2e a 6ey board port connected directly to the motherboard. The oldest, but still 7uite common type, is a special 89:, and most 34s until recently retained this style connector. The AT&style ,eyboard connector is 7uic,ly disappearin-, bein- replaced by the smaller mini 89: 3.02&style ,eyboard connector.

;ou can use an AT&style ,eyboard with a 3.02&style soc,et <or the other way around= by usin- a con2erter. Althou-h the AT connector is uni7ue in 34s, the 3.02&style mini&89: is also used in more modern 34s for the mouse. Fortunately, most 34s that use the mini&89: for both the ,eyboard and mouse clearly mar, each mini&89: soc,et as to its correct use. .ome ,eyboards ha2e a >.! connection, but these are fairly rare compared to the 3.02 connection ,eyboards. /. &'B 0&ni"ersal serial us1# >.! is the ?eneral&purpose connection for 34. ;ou can find >.! 2ersions of many different de2ices, such as mice, ,eyboards, scanners, cameras, and e2en printers. a >.! connector@s distincti2e rectan-ular shape ma,es it easily reco-niAable. >.! has a number of features that ma,es it particularly popular on 34s. First, >.! de2ices are hot swappable. ;ou can insert or remo2e them without restartin- your system. -. Parallel port# )ost printers use a special connector called a parallel port. 3arallel port carry data on more than one wire, as opposed to the serial port, which uses only one wire. 3arallel ports use a 2"&pin female 8! connector. 3arallel ports are directly supported by the motherboard throu-h a direct connection or throu-h a dan-le. 2. CP& Chip# The central processing unit, also called the microprocessor performs all the calculations that ta,e place inside a pc. 43>s come in 1ariety of shapes and siAes. )odern 43>s -enerate a lot of heat and thus re7uire a coolin- fan or heat sin,. The coolin- de2ice <such as a coolin- fan= is remo2able, althou-h some 43> manufactures sell the 43> with a fan permanently attached.

3. ()M slots# Bandom&Access )emory <BA)= stores pro-rams and data currently bein- used by the 43>. BA) is measured in units called bytes. BA) has been pac,a-ed in many different ways. The most current pac,a-e is called a 1( &pin 89)) <8ual 9nline )emory module=. 4. *loppy controller# The floppy dri2e connects to the computer 2ia a 3%&pin ribbon cable, which in turn connects to the motherboard. A floppy controller is one that is used to control the floppy dri2e. 5. I+E controller# 9ndustry standards define two common types of hard dri2es5 C98C and .4.9. )a+ority of the 34s use C98C dri2es. .4.9 dri2es show up in hi-h end 34s such as networ, ser2ers or -raphical wor,stations. The C98C dri2e connects to the hard dri2e 2ia a 2&inch&wide, %$&pin ribbon cable, which in turn connects to the motherboard. IDE controller is responsible for controllin- the hard dri2e. 6. PCI slot# 9ntel introduced the Peripheral component interconnect bus protocol. The 349 bus is used to connect 90* de2ices <such as :94 or BA98 controllers= to the main lo-ic of the computer. 349 bus has replaced the 9.A bus. 7. I') slot# <9ndustry .tandard Architecture= 9t is the standard architecture of the Cxpansion bus. )otherboard may contain some slots to connect 9.A compatible cards. 18. CMO' Battery# To pro2ide 4)*. with the power when the computer is turned off all motherboards comes with a battery. These batteries mount on the motherboard in one of three ways5 the obsolete external battery, the most common onboard battery, and built&in battery. 11. ),P slot# 9f you ha2e a modern motherboard, you will almost certainly notice a sin-le connector that loo,s li,e a 349 slot, but is sli-htly shorter and usually brown. ;ou also probably ha2e a 2ideo card inserted into this slot. This is an Advanced Graphics Port (AGP) slot. 1/. CP& slot# To install the 43>, +ust slide it strai-ht down into the slot. .pecial notches in the slot ma,e it impossible to install them incorrectly. .o remember if it does not -o easily, it is probably not correct. !e sure to plu-&in the 43> fan@s power. 1-. Po.er supply plug in# The 3ower supply, as its name implies, pro2ides the necessary electrical power to ma,e the pc operate. The power supply ta,es standard 11$&1 A4 power and con2erts into /0&12&1olt, /0&"&1olt, and 3.3&1olt 84 power. The power supply connector has 2$&pins, and the connector can -o in only one direction.

Identifying external ports and interfacing

O !ecti"e# To learn about different ports and how to connect de2ices to them. different ports a2ailable on the bac, panel of the 34. This dia-ram shows

+iagram 1 Parallel port 0LP9 parallel port1# As shown in the dia-ram parallel port with 2"&pins can be used to connect a parallel port printer. 3re2iously dot matrix, in, +et, bubble +et printers etc were connected to parallel port. :owadays&parallel port is used to connect 8ot&)atrix printers. 'erial port# As shown in the dia-ram serial ports with '&pins protrudin- outwards can be used to connect modem but it can also be used for connectin- mouse, pro2ided serial port mouse is a2ailable. :,) Port# 1?A port which has 1"&pins is used to connect a monitor. P';/ Port# Two (&pin 3.02 ports are there, one is 2iolet to which ,eyboard is connected and other is Di-ht -reen to which mouse is connected. &'B Port#

4onnectin- a >.! de2ice to a computer is simple E you find the >.! connector on the bac, of your machine and plu- the >.! connector into it. >.! ports are used to connect to 9n,+et printers, Feb 4ams, .canners etc. Ethernet Port# Cthernet port is used to connect a computer on networ, throu-h BG&%" connector. ,ame Port# ?ame 3ort is used to connect +oystic,, which is usually used in 2ideo -ames. 9hree more ports are a2ailable for multimedia connections. ?reen port is used connect spea,ers, blue port is used to connect headphones and li-ht *ran-e is used to connect microphone. Output#

+iagram /

Identifying PCI cards and interfacing O !ecti"e# To identify different 34 cards and to learn how to install them. 'ound card# A sound card or audio board, which allows computers to output audio si-nals throu-h spea,ers and or headphones.

+iagram -# 'ound card :ideo card# The 2ideo card is responsible for creatin- all that you see on your computer monitor.

+iagram 2# :,) card <et.or% card# This piece of hardware allows your computer to be connected to a networ, of other computers <,nown as a DA: or Docal Area :etwor,=

+iagram 3# <et.or% card

Example# Procedure to install a sound card 1. (emo"e any unnecessary temporary metal plates. *nly remo2e the metal plates from the slots you are -oin- to use. 9f you do not remo2e these, you cannot install any 349 components. )ost either unscrew or pop out.

/. Locate PCI 'lots on Mother oard. ;our 349 .lots should loo, similar to the ones in the ima-e below

-. Line up component .ith PCI slot and install. .imply line up the component with the slot and -ently press down on both sides until it slides in place.

2. Insert scre.. There is only one screw needed to secure each 349 component in place.

3. ,i"e it C+ 'ound. Bemember that audio cable from the 48&B*) dri2eH :ow we will connect the other end of it. 9f you want to hear audio when play a cd in your 48&B*), you need to connect the 48&B*) to the .ound 4ard <or motherboard if your sound card is inte-rated in= usin- the audio cable as seen below. Befer to your sound card ownerIs manual for correct placement. 9f you did not purchase a sound card and you ha2e one inte-rated into your motherboard, refer to your motherboard ownerIs manual for correct placement

4. (epeat for any other components. C2ery component is different but as lon- as its 349 compatible, it is installed the same way <except for the audio cable. 9t is installed only on sound cards and motherboards.=

Identifying ports on the cards and interfacing#

)989 0 ?ame port is a port which is most commonly used for the -ame port which will allow you to connect a -ame paddle and or Goystic, to the computer. This port will also allow you to connect a de2ice such as a )989 ,eyboard to the computer, additional information on this can be found in the )idi section. Dine 9n connector allows you to connect a 4assette Tape, 48 or record player to the computer. Dine *ut connector is the location which the spea,ers or headphones will be connected to -et sound out of the sound card. 1olume control is -enerally no lon-er found on sound cards. Jowe2er for cards that do include this as a feature this allows for the 2olume to be turned up and down on a non&amplified output such as a set of headphones. )icrophone allows you to connect a microphone to the computer and record your own sound files.

+iagram 4# ,raphic port on :,) Card +iagram 5# <IC Port on <et.or% Card

*ormatting and partitioning hard dis%s

O !ecti"e# To learn how to partition and format the hard dis,. =ard +is% Partitions This procedure explains how to setup a ne. hard dis%. !efore a new hard dis, can be used it needs to be setup. This in2ol2es partitionin- and formattin- the hard dis,. Findows ' or )C boot dis, contains the re7uired software to perform this procedure. F89.6.CXC and F*B)AT.4*) are the files re7uired in your bootable floppy dis,. .tart the partition and format procedure by bootin- your 34 usin- a Findows boot dis,. )a,e sure you set the !9*. so that the boot se7uence is set to detect the floppy dis, first. 9f your system has no problems bootin- you will be presented with a Findows boot dis, menu. This -i2es you the option to start the system with or without 48&B*) support. At this sta-e you do not need the 48&B*) support, so choose the option to boot without 48&B*) support. ;ou should end up in the ). 8*. prompt A5 <A dri2e=. From A5 command prompt type fdis%. ;ou will be presented with followin- messa-e5

4hoose K;L to enable lar-e dis, support. ;ou will now be presented with the F89.6 main menu as shown below.

From the menu, choose option 1 & 4reate 8*. partition or Do-ical 8*. dri2e. Another menu will present the followin- options.

4hoose option 1 & 4reate primary 8*. 3artition. F89.6 2erifies the inte-rity of your dri2e and will as, you if want to use the maximum a2ailable siAe of your hard dis, to create the primary partition and set it acti2e. To ,eep thin-s simple we will create one lar-e partition. 4hoose K;L to use maximum a2ailable space. ;ou will be notified by the system when the partition has been created successfully. ;our dri2e is now ,nown as 45 <4 dri2e=. 3ress KCscL to return to the menu. 3ress KCscL a-ain to exit F89.6. ;ou need to restart your system for the chan-es to ta,e effect. Dea2e boot dis, in the dri2e. Fhen the system reboots, choose start without 48& B*) from the boot dis, menu. Fhile bootin- from floppy dis, you mi-ht -et error messa-e li,e K9n2alid media type readin- dri2e 4L this is *6 for this sta-e as the hard dis, is not formatted. 9f you want to create extended 8*. partitions, specify the siAe of the partitions in the bytes for primary partition. And remaininspace can be utiliAed to create lo-ical dri2es in the extended partition. Di,e 8, C, F etc. ;ou will -et a messa-e sayin- KFAB:9:?, ADD 8ATA *: :*:BC)*1A!DC 89.6 8B91C 45 F9DD !C D*.T. 3roceed with Format <;0:=HL 8onIt worry about the messa-e, as you do not ha2e any data in the new hard dis,. 4hoose K;L. The format will proceed and would show you a pro-ress indicator. The time it ta,es to format a hard dis, depends on the siAe and speed of the dri2e. This could be around "&3$ minutes. *nce the format is complete you need to reset your system. ;ou are now ready to install an operatin- system.

Installing system and application soft.are

O !ecti"e# To learn how to install system and application software. First let us learn how to install a system software i.e. Findows #. >indo.s 5 Installation# This is what you will need before installin- windows #. 1. Findows # 48. 2. 4omputer with 48&B*) Access. Configuring your BIO' for the Install# To find out how to access the !9*. please refer to your motherboard manual or the manufacturer of your computer. <The system bios can usually be entered on boot, usually by pressin- the F1, F2, F , F1$ or 8CD ,ey. )a,e sure you sa2e the settin-s before exitin-. 9f you are unsure or donIt want to enter the !9*. then +ust test the computer by puttin- the 48&B*) in the dri2e and rebootin- the computer. This is the recommended way to install windows #. 'tarting the 'etup# 1. Doad in your >indo.s 5 +:+ and boot it. 9t will now load the setup files.

2. .elect your lan-ua-e, time M currency format, ,eyboard or input method and clic, <ext.

3. 4lic, Install no..

%. 4hec, I accept the license terms and clic, <ext.

". 4lic, &pgrade if you already ha2e a pre2ious Findows 2ersion or Custom 0ad"anced1 if you donIt ha2e a pre2ious Findows 2ersion or want to install a fresh copy of >indo.s 5.

(. (S ip this step if you chose !pgrade and have only one partition) .elect the dri2e where you want to install >indo.s 5 and clic, <ext. 9f you want to ma,e any partitions, clic, +ri"e options 0ad"anced1, ma,e the partitions and then clic, <ext.

#. 9t will now start installin- >indo.s 5. The first step, <i.e. Copying >indo.s files= was already done when you booted the >indo.s 5 +:+ so it will complete instantly.

. After completin- the first step, it will expand <decompress= the files that it had copied.

'. The third and fourth step will also complete instantly li,e the first step.

1$. After that it will automatically restart after 1" seconds and continue the setup. ;ou can also clic, (estart no. to restart without any delays.

11. After restartin- for the first time, it will continue the setup. This is the last step so it will ta,e the most time than the pre2ious steps.

12. 9t will now automatically restart a-ain and continue the setup. ;ou can clic, (estart no. to restart without any delays.

13. Type your desired user name in the text&box and clic, <ext. 9t will automatically fill up the computer name.

1%. 9f you want to set a password, type it in the text&boxes and clic, <ext.

1". Type your product ,ey in the text&box and clic, <ext. ;ou can also s,ip this step and simply clic, <ext if you want to type the product ,ey later. Findows will run only for 3$ days if you do that.

1(. .elect your desired option for >indo.s &pdates.

1#. .elect your time and clic, <ext.

1 . 9f you are connected to any networ,, it will as, you to set the networ,Is location.

1'. A fresh copy of windows # installed successfully. :ow let us learn installin- application software i.e ).&*ffice installation. M' O**ICE /88- I<'9)LL)9IO< 9n order to install )icrosoft *ffice 2$$3, simply be-in by puttin- the *ffice 48 in the 48 or 818 dri2e. The X3 operatin- system will be-in the loadin- process and the software will as, if you want to install *ffice. 4lic, ;es as usual. And then assent to the license a-reement. ;ou will then be as,ed for the 2" di-it security code which we ha2e made a2ailable to you. Type this in exactly as it has been -i2en to you <Fi-ure 1=. ;ou will then be as,ed what type of installation you wish to perform. 3lease choose K4omplete 9nstallationL as indicated in Fi-ure 2. The 4omplete 9nstallation assures you that you ha2e all the file con2erters necessary to read these documents after you ha2e chosen the 4omplete 9nstallation, clic, next. ;ou will -et a re2iew screen which should loo, li,e Fi-ure 3. After you clic, the 9nstall box the software should be-in to install from the 48.

8ia-ram#5 Enter the M' Office security code

+iagram 6 ? M' Office soft.are re"ie. prior to installation After ). *ffice installs, you will -et a screen which will allow you to 4hec, the web for updates and 8elete installation files <Fi-ure %=. ;ou will certainly want to 4hec, the web for updates <so chec, this box= and you may want to 8elete the installation files to sa2e dis, space <this is up to you=. 4lic, the appropriate boxes and clic, on the Finish box. ;ou will be directed to the )icrosoft *ffice >pdate website.

+iagram 7 ? M' Office installation last step ;ou certainly want to 4hec, the web for ). *ffice updates now because you ha2e the 48. )icrosoft *ffice updates often re7uire a 48 and the 48s are only a2ailable throu-h the Dibrary and 4omputer .er2ices. .o sa2e yourself the hassle and chec, for updates now.

+iagram 18# 9he M' Office update .e site The )icrosoft *ffice update website currently loo,s li,e dia-ram1$. !ecause you ha2e not pre2iously chec,ed for *ffice updates, you will be as,ed to install the *ffice updated installation en-ine <Fi-ure (=. 4lic, ;es and install this on your computer <when you -o bac, to the *ffice >pdate site, you will not be as,ed about nor do you need to reinstall this update en-ine=. The update en-ine is a small piece of software which wor,s with this website and will chec, *ffice on your computer to determine what components need updatin-. The update list <Fi-ure #= will depend on exactly what release of *ffice 2$$3 you ha2e installed and what updates are a2ailable subse7uent to that release. .ome of these updates need to be installed independently of the others. *ften then can be bundled to-ether so you can download a number of updates to-ether and install them to-ether. 4lic, the updates you wish to install <we recommend installin- all the security related updates and all the updates that are appropriate for your computer. 9f you donIt ha2e a tablet 34 and

there are updates specifically for this type of computer, you donIt ha2e to install them.= ;ou canIt -o wron- by installin- all the updates for ). *ffice. After you ha2e chec,ed the boxes of the updates you wish to install, clic, the .tart 9nstallation box. The updates will be-in to download and install.

+iagram 11# 9he Office update installation engine

+iagram 1/# Choose the updates you .ish to install After you ha2e installed the updates successfully, the ). *ffice update site will pro2ide you with a screen which tells you which updates ha2e been successfully installed <dia-ram12=.

+iagram 1-# 'uccessful M' Office update installation This finishes the process of installin- ). *ffice.

&nderstanding BIO' configuration

O !ecti"e# >nderstand and confi-ure your computer@s !9*.. &nderstand and configure your computer@s BIO'# !9*., for !asic 9nput *utput .ystem, is this little piece of pro-ram that allows your computer to pro2ide functions such as bootin- the machine or the detection of 2arious components connected to your motherboard, as the -raphics card, your ,eyboard or mouse. !ut it may contain a ran-e of options and features much more complex, turnin- around the o2er cloc,in- or settin- up a BA98 stac,, amon- other thin-s. That is why we decided to de2elop this -uide you will learn more about this aspect of your computer. There are three ma+or manufacturers, American )e-atrends, Award and 3hoenix, first two are less present on your motherboard that the . Free pro+ects are also bein- reno2ated as 4ore boot and we are not tal,inabout the two historical !9*. for 3ower34 as 3BC3 and 4JB3. 9n addition, each manufacturer of the motherboard can also chan-e the !9*.. Finally, some options are hi-hly dependent on the material used, particularly 43> and BA). All this implies the existence of a lar-e number of different 2ersions and we could therefore not -i2e e2ery detail. That@s why you may find this -uide features which do not always co2er your motherboard. <a"igating a BIO'# Fays to achie2e differ dependin- on the !9*. manufacturer of your motherboard. .o you will be most often use the F2 or 8elete. At ?i-abyte, there has been little mention of a !9*. @ad2anced@, actually a way to hide the most sensiti2e options, which are acti2ated 2ia the shortcut 4BTD / F1. .imilarly, some manufacturers pro2ide a combination of buttons dedicated to a utility to update the !9*., but this is beyond our purpose. :a2i-ation in the !9*. is a much more homo-eneous, the controls are practically the same from one manufacturer to another, from one motherboard to another. To chan-e an option5 / 0 && Access throu-h5 F1 ?ettin- around in the menus5 Arrows To sa2e the confi-uration and restart5 F1$ To load the settin-s without failure5 F <Fail&.afe 8efaults= To choose the optimiAed parameters5 F( <*ptimiAed 8efaults= Finally, to exit the !9*., a menu or a sub&menu5 C.4 'ome precautions # The first ad2ice is simply to restore the factory settin-s in your !9*.. ;ou can do this to remo2e the battery from your motherboard a few moments to restore the default settin-s. .ome recent motherboards are also e7uipped with a dedicated button, a2ailable on the motherboard or on the bac, of it, next to the connector. For older cards, it also remains the possibility to play with the positionin- of a +umper <+umper=. ;ou can find this information in the manual of your motherboard. :ote that it is ob2iously ad2isable to carry out these manipulations in which pre2iously put off the computer. Alternati2ely, use the functions pro2ided for this purpose within your !9*.. *n that type of 3hoenix, you should use the F' ,ey to restore the default constructor. *f the type Award !9*., pressin- the F" ,ey restores the pre2ious settin-s, pressin- F( restores the default 2alues and the F# ,ey allows restorin- the default settin-s pro2ided by the manufacturer of the motherboard.

Information on the machine# +ate or +ate 'ystem5 :either more nor less than the date that your operatin- system. A !9*. that is not the correct date may be the source of many worries, li,e a 2irus that refuses to update, for example. 9ime and 'ystem 9ime5 After the date, time of the system. ;ou can chan-e the 2alues usin- ,eys / and &. 98C 4hannel <Access )ode, 4J., D!A, Dar-e, Auto=5 This is the mode operation of an 98C hard dis,N lea2e on Auto most of the time, but the dis,s are detected each time you start the computer, which extends e2en this step. Then e2erythin- depends on how you formatted your hard dis,. These modes specify how the cylinders are used and sectors of the dis,. *loppy - Mode 'upport <8isabled, 8ri2e A=5 6eep 8isabled, this option is only of interest if you li2e in Gapan. Jalt *n <All, !ut 6eyboard & All, !ut 8is, 0 6ey & All, !ut 8is,ette & :o Crrors & All Crrors=5 4han-es after what type <s= <s= problem <s= the boot must fail. The option "All, but 6eyboard allows you to ha2e the hand, e2en concern. 'ystem Information5 This screen deli2ers all sorts of useful information such as !9*. 2ersion, the model of processor you use, its fre7uency, amount of BA) onboard ...

9emperature control# CP& Monitor# set to "Temp", the acti2e probe that monitors the temperature of your processor. 9ndispensable if one wishes to ha2e a 2iew on this data in its operatin- system, or if one wants to benefit from automatic when the motherboard allows. MB 9emperature5 .ame comment as for the processor. 43> Farnin- Temperature <8isabled, ($, #$, $, '$ O 4=5 .ets from what temperature your computer will notify you of its o2erheatin-.

Control of fans # CP& *an 'peed 5 8isplays the speed of the fans connected to the motherboard to chec, if one is defecti2e. 6eep an eye on this 2alue also helps to ,now when a -ood cleanin- is needed, because then you will see a steady decline in performance of your fan because of the dust that accumulates. CP& *an *ail >arning 5 *n Cnable, warns you that the 43> fan is not runnin-, or not fast enou-h. 9t@s a -ood idea to lea2e this option enabled unless you ha2e a fan runnin- 2oluntarily idle. CP& 'mart *an Control 5 *n the motherboard that allow this option, if enabled, to ad+ust the fan speed of the processor dependin- on the temperature of the latter. Current 'ystem *an 'peed <2alue i-nored=5 .pecifies the speed of the fan connected to the connector ".ystem Fan" on your motherboard. 'ystem *an *ail >arning <Cnable 0 8isabled=5 As for the 43>, can warn of rotations too wea, or nonexistent fan system. .ystem .mart Fan 4ontrol or P&Fan 4ontrol 5 .elect this option to ha2e the motherboard automatically modulates fan speed accordin- to system temperature. Po.er *an 'peed <9-nored, : 0 A, 2alue=5 ?i2e the fan speed of power supply when the latter and the motherboard are compatible. Chassis *an 1 'peed 5 the speed of the fan connected to a connector on the motherboard other than 43> or .ystem. Chassis A?*an Control 5 Allows control the fans on the case, they are connected to a compatible motherboard. CP& 'mart *an Mode 5 )ana-es the way the 43> fan is re-ulated. For the 3F) mode, the connector from your fan should be % pins. This mode allows more flexible control to obtain the best results in terms of silent operation. 4ontrol 2olta-es 5 :oltage or CP& "Core <9-nored, 2alue=5 ?i2es the 2alue of the 2olta-e of electricity pro2ided to the processor. ++( <9-nored, 2alue=5 3ro2ides an indication of the 2alue of the 2olta-e le2el of memory locations. -.- : :oltage <9-nored, 2alue=5 The rail is 3.3 1 to power the >.! ports on your motherboard. 9f you ha2e any problems with them, chec, this 2alue. 3: :oltage <9-nored, 2alue=5 4ontrols the output 2olta-e of your power supply on the "1 rail, which is used for hard dri2es and optical dri2es. 1/: :oltage <9-nored, 2alue=5 The 121 is used to power the processor. The stability of this 2olta-e is 2ery important, especially for those who push their machine into a corner. Command Options# 1st Boot +e"ice 5 Allows you to choose the first element on which the machine will loo, for a boot sector. This can ran-e from a remo2able de2ice <a >.! ,ey ...= to a hard dri2e 2ia the 818 player. ;ou can also choose the second and third boot de2ices. Auic% Boot 5 Acti2ate this option to not see certain messa-es at startup and -o use some chec,s.

*ull 'creen Logo 5 .ome manufacturers do not hesitate to display lar-e lo-o on your screen e2ery time you start your computer, disable this option to not display. )ddOn (OM +isplay Mode 5 Allows Force <!9*.= or not displayin- the information to start the BA98 module. Bootup <um?Loc% 5 .elect this option for the start of the ,eypad loc,ed. Fait For @F1@ 9f Crror <Cnabled, 8isabled=, 9f the system detects an error at startup, it shows or not, dependin- on whether or not this option, wait for a confirmation from you 2ia the F1 ,ey.

=it @+EL@ Message +isplay 5 Allows or not to display the messa-e indicatin- that the !9*. is accessible 2ia the 8CDCTC ,ey.

Po.er Options# 'uspend Mode <Auto, .1 <3*.= *nly, .3 *nly=5 Cner-y )ana-ement durin- a pause. 9n .1, the 43> is stopped, the memory is refreshed, the machine is in sleep state. 9n .3, the 43> is stopped, and the memory is refreshed as little as possible. )CPI /.8 'upport <Cnabled, 8isabled=5 This option is to start to en+oy the latest technolo-ies in ener-y conser2ation <4ool n@Puiet A)8, 9ntel .peed.tep=. )CPI )PIC 'upport <Cnabled, 8isabled=5 Acti2ate this option also ener-y mana-ement oldest. )PM Configuration 5 *ther power mana-ement that is rarely used at present. Bestore on A4 3ower Doss or A4 !ac, Function <3ower *ff, 3ower *n, Dast .tate=, 4hoose the beha2ior of your !9*. in case of 2olta-e drop si-nificantly. Po.er On By (9C )larm <Cnabled, 8isabled=5 Ability to turn on your computer to a set time <for BT4 Beal Time 4loc,=. Po.er On By External Modems <Cnabled, 8isabled=5 Acti2ate this option to be able to turn on your computer remotely 2ia your modem and the sendin- of the famous "ma-ic pac,et". Po.er On By PCI +e"ices 5 .tartin- the 34 2ia a 349 card. Po.er On By PCIE +e"ices 5 .imilarly, with a 349&Cxpress. Po.er On By P' ; / Bey oard <8isabled, .pace !ar, 4trl&Csc, 3ower 6ey=5 Turn on your computer by simply pressin- the space bar or another shortcut on your ,eyboard. &'B >a%e &p from '- <Cnable 0 8isabled=5 Fa,e up a computer into standby type .3 2ia >.!. Po.er On By Mouse <8isabled 0 8ouble clic,=5 Turn on your computer 2ia a double clic, of your mouse.

Connecting computer in a net.or%

O !ecti"e# To learn how to connect a computer in a networ,. 4onfi-ure networ, access usin- the networ,in- applets. Materials and 'etup# The materials you need for this lab are Access to a 34 with Findows installed Access to the DA:

Cach computer that will be connected to the DA: must ha2e the followin-5 A :94 with correct dri2ers installed 4lient software, such as 4lient for )icrosoft :etwor,s 3rotocols <what lan-ua-eQsR youIll use on the networ, and the settin-s= .er2ices, such as File and 3rinter .harin- for )icrosoft :etwor,s A computer name A wor,-roup name

'tep 1# ?o to 8e2ice )ana-er and 2erify that the correct :94 dri2ers are installed. Beinstall the dri2er if necessary. 9n 8e2ice )ana-er, expand :etwor, adapters. Bi-ht&clic, your networ, card and select 3roperties. 4lic, the 8ri2er tab to see what dri2er is installed or to update the dri2er. 'tep /# In this step, youIll 2erify what networ, ser2ices are installed. 9n Findows 2$$$, -o to the 4ontrol 3anel, double&clic, :etwor, and 8ial&>p 4onnections, ri-ht&clic, Docal Area 4onnection, and select 3roperties. 9n Findows X3, -o to 4ontrol 3anel S :etwor, 4onnections. Bi-ht&clic, Docal Area 4onnection and select 3roperties. 9n Findows 1ista, -o to the 4ontrol 3anel and open the :etwor, and .harin- 4enter. 9n the Tas,s menu on the left, clic, )ana-e networ, connections. Bi-ht& clic, Docal Area 4onnection and select 3roperties. ;ou should find the followin- components listed in a selection window. ;our system may ha2e others as well. 4lient for )icrosoft :etwor,s <default= 3rotocol T43093 <default= .er2ice File and 3rinter .harin- for )icrosoft :etwor,s

'tep -# :ow that youI2e found the networ, confi-uration screen, ta,e a loo, at the 2arious options5 C Install# the 9nstall button enables you to add networ, components. 4lic,in- the 9nstall button -i2es you three choices5 C Client# Adds a client to the confi-uration <must ha2e at least one=. C Protocol# )icrosoft T43093 is the default <must ha2e a protocol to communicate=. C 'er"ice# File and 3rinter .harin- must be enabled for other computers on the networ, to access the one on which youIre wor,in-. C (emo"e;&ninstall The Bemo2e or >ninstall button enables you to remo2e networ, components.

C Properties The 3roperties button displays a 2ariety of dialo- boxes based on the networ, component selected. 'tep 2 :ow that your system is confi-ured for networ,in-, you need to ha2e an identity for it and +oin a wor,-roup to be reco-niAed by the networ, and access networ, resources. 9n Findows 2$$$, -o to 4ontrol 3anel and double&clic, .ystem. *pen the :etwor, 9dentification tab. 9n Findows X3, do the same, but select the 4omputer :ame tab. Findows 1ista is also the same, but the information should be displayed all on one screen. Becord your system settin-s here5 4omputer name TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT For,-roup name TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT 'tep 3# :ow that youI2e confirmed and recorded the networ,in- components, your computer name, and your wor,-roup, the next step is to practice reinstallin- your networ, adapter. Access 8e2ice )ana-er, and uninstall your networ, adapter. ;es, this will erase all your networ, settin-s. 8id you ta,e -ood notes earlierH Cxpand the :etwor, adapters headin-, ri-ht&clic, your specific adapter, and choose Bemo2e or >ninstall. Beboot your system, and the adapter will be detected <if itIs plu- and play= and installed. Access the :etwor, 4onnections applet, and 2erify your networ, confi-uration usin- the information you recorded in .teps 1, 2, and % pre2iously. 9f your system doesnIt load the dri2ers for the networ, card, youIll need the dri2er disc to complete your settin-s. Test your system by accessin- the networ,. 4an you browse the networ, nowH Doo, in )y :etwor, 3laces0:etwor,. TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT :erifying 9CP;IP 'ettings# Materials and 'etup The materials you need for this lab are A 34 system thatIs properly confi-ured for DA: access usin- Findows A list of T43093 settin-s pro2ided by the instructor

T43093 re7uires each system to ha2e two basic settin-s for accessin- a DA: and two additional settin-s for accessin- other DA:s or the 9nternet. ;ou can confi-ure your system to automatically obtain the followin- settin-s when you lo- on <)icrosoftIs default settin-s=, or you can specify them, dependin- on the re7uirements of your networ,5 'tep 1 First, youIll locate and 2erify your current T43093 settin-s. a= Beturn to the Docal Area 4onnection 3roperties dialo- box you located in .tep 2 of pre2ious procedure. Ji-hli-ht the 9nternet 3rotocol <T43093= entry and clic, the 3roperties button. Fhen the 9nternet 3rotocol <T43093= 3roperties screen appears, one of the settin- options shown in Fi-ure 23& 3 will be selected. 93 address <uni7ue to the 34= .ubnet mas, <identifies networ, information= ?ateway <address of the router to the external realm= 8omain :ame .er2ice <8:.=

b= 9f the settin-s are manually confi-ured, you will be able to 2erify them in the T43093 3roperties dialo- box. Frite the settin-s down and 2erify them with the settin-s -i2en to you by the instructor. 93 address TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT .ubnet mas, TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT ?ateway TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT 3referred 8:. ser2er TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

Fi-ure 23&3 1iewin- manually confi-ured T43093 properties in a Findows X3 system c= 9f the system is confi-ured to use the )icrosoft Automatic 3ri2ate 93 Addressin- <A393A= settin-s or if the networ, has a 8J43 ser2er <as, the instructor=, the *btain an 93 address automatically and *btain 8:. ser2er address automatically radio buttons will be selected. ;ou will not be able to 2erify the 2alues of the T43093 settin-s from this window. 4lose this window by clic,in- *6. To 2erify the settin-s, launch a command&line window and, at the prompt, type the followin- command5 45U8ocuments and .ettin-sUV>.CB:A)CVUWIPCO<*I, ;)LL This produces a listin- similar to the one shown in Fi-ure 23&%. >se these 2alues to fill in the followin- settin-s and then 2erify them with your instructor. 93 Address TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT .ubnet )as, TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT 8efault ?ateway TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT 8:. .er2er TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT 'tep / ;ou should be familiar with one final confi-uration5 Automatic 3ri2ate 93 Addressin-, or A393A. 9f Findows is confi-ured to obtain an 93 address automatically and no 8J43 ser2er is a2ailable, )icrosoft will automatically confi-ure an address in the 1('.2"%.$.$ networ,. Follow these steps to explore A393A5 a= 9n a classroom lab en2ironment, ha2e the instructor disable the 8J43 ser2er if applicable.Alternati2ely, you can disconnect the 8J43 ser2erIs >T3 cable from the hub or switch.

*igure /-?2 Findows 934*:F9? 0ADD command results on a system confi-ured to use 8J43

*igure /-?3 Findows 934*:F9? 0ADD command results on a system usin- A393A b= 1erify that your T43093 3roperties settin-s are set to *btain an 93 address automatically and *btain 8:. ser2er address automatically. 4lose all windows and reboot the system. c= Daunch a command&line window and, at the prompt, type the followin- command5 45U8ocuments and .ettin-sUV>.CB:A)CVUWIPCO<*I, ;)LL This produces a listin- similar to the one shown in Fi-ure 23&". >se these 2alues to fill in the followin- settin-s and then 2erify them with your instructor. 93 Address TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT .ubnet )as, TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT 8efault ?ateway TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT 8:. .er2erTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT d= Cxit the command&line window and launch the T43093 3roperties window a-ain. Beturn all settin-s to the normal classroom confi-uration. 4lic, *6 to finish, and close all the windows. Beboot the system, and 2erify that itIs wor,in- properly and that you ha2e reestablished networ, communication to its prior state.

)ssem ling of a Computer

O !ecti"e# To learn about how to assemble of a computer. M)9E(I)L' (EA&I(E+# The )other !oard 43> .)3. 4abinet 43> Jeat .in, M Fan BA) Jard 8is, 8ri2e <J88= Floppy 8is, 8ri2e <F88= 48 B*) 8ri2e 48 Friter 8ifferent .crews >sed A?3 4ard DA: 4ard )onitor 6ey !oard )ouse .pea,ers >3. *ther components. Also ,eep the cables that came with these components close by 3hilips head screw dri2er Flat head screw dri2er )a-netiAed screw dri2er )ulti meter (eDuired En"ironment# )a,e sure that a flat surface of a -ood aria is a2ailable when the system is assembled. .ee that the place where the computer is ,ept is dust free as dust can harm the system. )a,e sure the room has -ood 2entilation. 4hec, where the system is done earthlin- properly.

)''EMBLI<, P(OCE+&(E# First fix the mother board in the cabinet usin- screws.

 Then fix the processor with the help of pin1 indication in to the soc,et&%# loc,in- le2er .After fixin- the processor loc, itR. Then fix heat sin, fan o2er the processor. Fix BA) in its respecti2e slot based on their :otches.

by unloc,in- the

Then fix the Jard dis, in the Jard dis, dri2e and floppy dis, in the floppy dis, dri2e and fix. Fix 48 dri2e in its respecti2e dri2e and fix their screws. :ow fix 4)*. battery. :ow usin- 98C connectors connect the different dri2es to mother board i.e primary and secondary 98CIs correspondin- to their own pins. :ow insert different ports <i.e mouse , monitor ,eyboard and -ames ports e.t.c= in their respecti2e places such that they are 2isible on rare 2iew of cabinet. Then additional ports <or= cards li,e Cthernet card A.?.3 are inserted in 3.4.9 .lots <3eripheral 4omponent 9nterconnect=. :ow connect .)3. <.witchin- )ode 3ower .upply= to mother board by usin- ATX power connector. .)3. is placed in its respecti2e place in cabinet by fixin- its screws. The other connections to F88,488 and J88 are -i2en from .)3.. 4are should be ta,en while -i2in- connections such that red should coincide with red. :ow close the cabinet with the help of screws. :ow input power is -i2en to power supply and output to the monitor by their respecti2e pins<input0output of .)3.=. The 6eyboard, )ouse, )onitor are connected to their respecti2e ports. Finally switch on the power, then assembled 3.4 will be ready to function <wor,=. +I')''EMBLI<, 9=E COMP&9E( The system can be di2ided into two ma+or components5 .ystem >nit 3eripherals<options= !efore disassemblin- any computer record the 4)*. and !9*. settin-s. Bemo2e all external 90* systems >npluBemo2e all peripherals 8isconnect the mouse 8isconnect the ,ey board 8isconnect the monitor

Bemo2e the systems outer co2er )ap out the architecture of the 34

.tore all screws properly in a paper cup Bemo2e any option cards. Becord the ribbon cord orientation of the floppy dri2e. Bemo2e floppy dri2e Becord the ribbon cord orientation of the 48 dri2e. Bemo2e the 48 B*) dri2e Becord the ribbon code orientation of the 4 dri2e Bemo2e the 4 dri2e Becord the orientation of the plu-s p', p etc. cablin- is -ood idea. Bemo2e the power supply unit. Bemo2e the system carefully donIt touch the battery or the +umper settin-s. This could throu-h of the 4)*. settin-.

All the components should be laid out on the table in an or-aniAed fashion.

9rou le shooting of a computer

O !ecti"e# To learn about how to trouble shoot a particular computer. 9(O&BLE '=OO9I<,# 9t is a process of sortin- out the problems. The set of steps we follow durin- trouble shootin- are5 a= 9dentify the problem. b= 9dentify the set of solutions. c= AnalyAe any one solution which is less costly and more efficient. d= Apply the solution. e= Test the output. Trouble shootin- is -enerally of 2 types5 1= Jardware troubleshootin-5 deals with the process of eliminatin- bu-s related to 34 software. =)(+>)(E 9(O&BLE'=OO9I<,# The list of techni7ues under this are5 Jard dis, troubleshootinFloppy dis, troubleshootin)onitor troubleshootin)odem troubleshootin6eyboard troubleshootin-. 9t contains platters, head arms, classes and heada7ualators. )ost of the J88. are connected by either the ATA<i.e.N another name for 98C= or we use .4.9<small computer system interphase= cables. The difference between .4.9 and 98C is >sin- 98C we can connect almost two hard dis,s >sin- .4.9 we can connect #to 1" hard dis,s )aintenance of .4.9 is 2ery difficult when compared to 98C The cost of .4.9 is more compared to 98C. components. 2= .oftware trouble shootin-5 refers to remo2al of problems risin- due to system soft ware or application

a1 =)(+ +I'B 9(O&BLE'=OO9I<,

3roblems related to Jard dis, 9f the Jdd is not detected inside the confi-urations 9f the system files on the hard dis, dri2e are missin- or if they because corrupt. The computer does not boot up when turned on. .olutions related to hard dis, 4hec, whether J88 is physically a2ailable or :*T. 4hec, if the bias is connected to the hard dis, and if it is detected. *n the existin- harddis, ma,e sure that you scan the dis, 2ery well usin- the current 2ersion of anti2irus )a,e sure that you settin- up a dis, or char-e of its partitions.

1 *LOPPE +I'B 9(O&BLE'=OO9I<, A floppy dis, may not wor, because of anyone of the followin- reasons. !ad floppy dis, dri2ers :o setup 4&)*. 4onfliction with other hardware :ot connected properly. !ad dri2ers or hardware.

P(OBLEM# !ad floppy dis, dri2ers 'OL&9IO<# 1erify that the floppy dis, dri2e is not in ri-ht protected more,it is not possible to read and write the data. P(OBLEM5 :o setup in 4&)*. 'OL&9IO<# 9f the floppy dis, dri2e is not setup properly we may experience problem in writin- and readin-.)ost of the computers need to ha2e the floppy dis, setup as 3." inches and 1.%%)!. P(OBLEM5 !ad dri2ers or hardwareIs 'OL&9IO<5 Bemo2e the existin- floppy dis, dri2e which is not wor,in- and replace with :CFXF88= P(OBLEM# 4onfi-uration with other hardware 'OL&9IO<5 9f you ha2e recently installed any new hardware such as tape dri2ers or any bac,up medium then temporarily disconnect all those hardwires and ma,e sure that the floppy dri2e is wor,in-. P(OBLEM# :*T connected properly 'OL&9IO<# 1erify that the floppy is connected to the motherboard, F88 connection. 1erify that the cable comin- from the motherboard is to the bac, of the F88.1erify that the power cable is also connected to the floppy. C1 MO<I9O( 9(O&BLE'=OO9I<,# Fhich is physically connected to 2ideo cards li,e T1 monitor also contains 4BT <cathode ray tube=.4BT contains 3-uns, red, -reen and blue. These -uns stream electrons from left to ri-ht. .et of troubleshootin- etc5 P(OBLEM# 9f the picture is not 2isible 'OL&9IO<# 4hec, the si-nal cable is into the power soc,et or not. .et of troubleshootin- steps are5 4hec, if the si-nal cable is connected to -raphic admor. 4hec, bri-htness of the screen. P(OBLEM# 9f the screen is too bri-ht or dar,. 'OL&9IO<# 4hec, the bri-htness 2alue. 4hec, if the specified 2olta-e is applied or not. 4hec, if the fre7uency is horiAontal as well as 2ertical. P(OBLEM# 9f the screen is blurred 'OL&9IO<# )ore all the ob+ects that emit ma-netic field away. 4hec, whether the specified is applied or not.4hec, if the si-nal timin- of system is with in the specification. MO<I9O( ICO<'# 3ower !ri-htness 4ontrast JoriAontal siAe 1ertical siAe Full screen

 8e-auss<de ma-netiAers the crt= 4omer<user can more the picture= )onitor status Dan-ua-e d1 MO+EM 9(O&BLE'=OO9I<,# Fe can call a modem as translator, demodulator, which describes a method by which di-ital data is con2erted to analo- while recei2in- the data by the computer it is con2erted to di-ital from analo-. There are 2 types of modem which are a2ailable they are BG11 and BG%".BG11 consists of ( pins and BG%" of pins. 'teps of trou leshooting for modem are# 4hec, the telephone cable connections 1$ feet or less than contain a BG11 cable connection. 4hec, to ensure that you are plu--ed to the correct modem +ac, i.eN BG%" will not fit in BG11 but BG11 will fit into BG%". 4hec, for the error messa-e i.e wron- user name and password the contact your 9.3<9nternet ser2ice pro2ider=for the correct account settin-s. Beduce your port speed in your modem settin-s. 4hec, the initialiAation settin-s >se hyper terminal on another tool to test the modem. e1 BEEBO)(+ 9(O&BLE'=OO9I<,# 9f the ,eyboard is not wor,in- then chec, if the ,eyboard cable is inserted properly in the connector on the motherboard. .wap a non&functional ,eyboard with a functionin- one. 4hec, if the cable is twisted or dama-ed.

/1 'O*9>)(E 9(O&BLE'=OO9I<,# !elow is a list of common software troubles and the trouble shootin- processes are5 1. 4omputer software troubleshootin-. 2. )icrosoft X3 troubleshootin-.

B)'IC 'O*9>)(E 9(O&BLE'=OO9I<,# Fhen you are unable to install a software pro-ram do the followin-. 1erify the discs, 48 are readable by readin- the files for example. )icrosoft windows users can explore the de2ice in windows<appear= explore if the 41 attemptinauto play explore to browse the dri2e. )a,e sure the pro-ram or utility you are installin- is compatible with the 2ersion of $." percenta-es. ;ou ha2e dhur computers. Error de"ising installation 1. 1erify whether your computer meets the re7uirements of the pro-ram or utility. mode. 2. 9f you are renamin- )icrosoft windows '" or hi-her 2ersions they installin- the pro-ram in safe

3. 1erify the pro-ram or utility documentation ma,es no mention of the error you are experiencin- to how to resol2e the error already documented. %. 1erify no patches or updates are a2ailable from the de2eloper of the pro-ram utility. ". 9ncome cases the software pro-ram may re7uire an update before it can be successfully run on your computer. (. )a,e sure all other pro-rams are closed when you attempt to run the pro-ram on utility if the pro-ram successfully runs after closin- the pro-ram is possible that the pro-ram may ha2e issues with other pro-rams. Crrors that ha2e been secured while windows are loadin- or after windows has completed loadin- are often by pro-ram i.e automatic loadin-. Cach time windows is loadin- problem or miss confi-uration of a hardware de2ice or computer 2iews. 1. 9f errors occurs but )icrosoft windows still load 2erify no issues or confi-ures existed in mana-er de2ice. 9f errors are found read throu-h de2ice mana-er pa-e for steps or resol2in- issues. 2. ensure that if pro-rams are loadin- automatically that these errors are not associated with these pro-rams many times utility such as 2irus 3ro-ram may attempt to load when windows first starts and cause errors to occur. 3. )a,e sure windows )C is up to data by chec,in- )icrosoft update pa-e. %. if your computer has a 2irus protection pro-ram installed ma,e sure it is important up to date and no 2irus is detected. 9f your computer does not ha2e a 2irus protection pro-ram you may wish to consider installin- a pro-ram to ma,e sure no 2iruses are causin- any problem. FOther error message#? 9f you are experiencin- other error messa-es it is li,ely these errors are bein- caused by the software pro-ram you are runnin- on a hardware de2ice you are attemptin- to utiliAe. Computer running slo.ly#? 1. )a,e sure your computer has at least "$$)! hard dis,. 2. 4lose any pro-rams that are runnin- in the bac,-round on disabled the bac,-round. 3. 4lic, .TABT, search and clic, for files or folders usin- command Y.tmp as to s. %. )a,e sure that windows )C is up to date. ". )a,e sure your computer has at least dri2es and 2irus protection software.

>I<+O>' COMM)<+'
4*:TB*D5 opens the control panel window Z 4*:TB*D A8)9:T**D.5 opens the administrati2e tools Z 4*:TB*D 6C;!*AB85 opens ,eyboard properties Z 4*:TB*D 4*D*>B5 opens display properties. Appearance tab Z 4*:TB*D F*D8CB.5 opens folder options Z 4*:TB*D F*:T.5 opens font policy mana-ement Z 4*:TB*D 9:TCB:AT9*:AD or 9:TD.43D5 opens Be-ional and Dan-ua-e option Z 4*:TB*D )*>.C or )A9:.43D5 opens mouse properties Z 4*:TB*D >.CB3A..F*B8.5 opens >ser Accounts editor Z 4*:TB*D >.CB3A..F*B8.2 or :CT3DF9[5 >ser account access restrictions Z 4*:TB*D 3B9:TCB.5 opens faxes and printers a2ailable Z A33F9[.43D5 opens Add or Bemo2e pro-rams utility tool Z *3T9*:ADFCAT>BC.5 opens Add or Bemo2e Findows component utility Z 8C.6.43D5 opens display properties. Themes tab Z J8FF9[.43D5 opens add hardware wiAard Z 9B3B*3..43D5 infrared utility tool

Z G*;.435 opens -ame controllers settin-s Z )).;..43D5 opens .ound and Audio de2ice 3roperties. 1olume tab Z .;.8).43D5 opens .ystem properties Z TCDC3J*:.43D5 *pens phone and )odem options Z T9)C8ATC.43D5 8ate and Time properties Z F.4>9.43D5 opens Findows .ecurity 4enter Z A44C...43D5 opens Accessibility *ptions Z F>A>43D.43D5 opens Automatic >pdates Z 3*FCB4F?.43D5 opens 3ower *ptions 3roperties Z A[)A:.).45 opens authorisation mana-ement utility tool Z 4CBT)?B.).45 opens certificate mana-ement tool Z 4*)3)?)T.).45 opens the 4omputer mana-ement tool Z 4*)CX3.).4 or 84*)4:F?5 opens the 4omputer .er2ices mana-ement tool Z 8C1)?)T.).45 opens 8e2ice )ana-er Z C1C:T1FB or C1C:T1FB.).45 opens C2ent 1iewer Z F.)?)T.).45 opens .hared Folders Z :A34D4F?.).45 :A3 4lient confi-uration utility tool Z .CB194C..).45 opens .er2ice mana-er Z TA.6.4J8.).4 or 4*:TB*D .4JC8TA.6.5 opens .chedule Tas,s mana-er

Z ?3C89T.).45 opens ?roup 3olicy utility tool Z D>.B)?B.).45 opens Docal >sers and ?roups Z .C43*D.).45 opens local security settin-s Z 49A81.).45 opens indexin- ser2ice Z :T).)?B.).45 remo2able stora-e mana-er Z :T).*3BP.).45 remo2able stora-e operator re7uests Z F)9)?)T.).45 opens <F)9= Findow )ana-ement 9nstrumentation Z 3CBF)*: or 3CBF)*:.).45 opens the 3erformance monitor Z ))45 opens empty 4onsole Z )8.4JC85 opens memory dia-nostics tools Z 8X89A?5 opens 8irectX dia-nostics tools Z *8!4A8325 opens *8!4 8ata source Administrator Z BC?C89T or BC?C8T325 opens Be-istry Cditor Z 8BFT.:325 opens 8r. Fatson Z 1CB9F9CB5 opens 8ri2er 1erifier )ana-er Z 4D94*:F?5 opens .PD .er2er 4lient :etwor, >tility

Z >T9D)A:5 opens >tility )ana-er

Z 4*D*B43D5 opens color mana-ement Z 4BC8F9[5 bac, up and reco2ery tool for user passwords Z )*!.;:45 opens .ynchroniAation center Z ).4*:F9?5 opens .ystem 4onfi-uration >tility Z .;.C89T5 opens .ystem 4onfi-uration Cditor <careful while usin- this command= Z .;.6C;5 Findows Account 8atabase .ecurity mana-ement <careful while usin- this command=

>indo.s utility and applications

Z C3D*BCB5 *pens windows Cxplorer Z 9CX3D*BCB5 *pens 9nternet explorer Z FA!5 opens 4ontacts Z 4JAB)A35 opens 4haracter )ap Z FB9TC5 opens Ford3ad Z :*TC3A85 opens :otepad Z 4AD45 opens 4alculator Z 93!B85 opens 4lipboo, 1iewer Z F9:4JAT5 opens )icrosoft 4hat 9nterface Z .*>:8BC4*B8CB5 opens sound recordin- tool Z 8183DA;5 run 48 or 818 Z F)3DA;CB5 opens Findows )edia 3layer Z )*19C)65 *pens untitled Findows )o2ie )a,er Z *.65 opens on&screen 6eyboard

Z )A?:9F;5 opens )a-nifier Z F9:4AD5 opens 4alendar Z 89ADCB5 opens phone 8ialer Z C>84C89T5 opens 3ri2ate 4haracter Cditor Z :81*D5 opens the mixer 2olume Z B.TB>9 5 opens Tool .ystem Bestore <For 1ista only= Z VF9:89BVU.;.TC)32UBC.T*BCUrstrui.exe5 opens Tool .ystem Bestore <for X3 only=. Z ).9:F*325 *pens the .ystem 9nformation Z )BT 5 launches the utility remo2al of malware. Z Tas,m-r 5 *pens the Findows Tas, )ana-er Z 4)85 opens a command prompt Z )9?F9[5 *pens the tool for transferrin- files and settin-s from Findows <1ista only= Z )i-wiA.exe5 *pens the tool for transferrin- files and settin-s from Findows <for X3 only= Z .98C!AB5 *pen the Findows <1ista only= Z .i-2erif 5 *pens the tool for 2erification of si-natures of files Z Fin2er 5 *pens the window for your Findows 2ersion Z F.P>9BT5 !luetooth Transfer FiAard Z 9Cxpress opens the wiAard for creatin- self&extractin- archi2es. Tutorial JCBC Z )!D4TB5 opens the mobility center <Findows 1ista only= Z ).BA 5 *pens the Findows Bemote Assistance Z )stsc 5 opens the tool connection Bemote 8es,top

Z ).8T5 opens the dia-nostic tools and support )icrosoft Z FCB4*:5 opens the reportin- tool and solutions to problems <for 1ista only= Z F9:8*F.A:;T9)C>3?BA8C5 Cnables the up-rade of Findows 1ista Z F9:F*B8 5 opens Ford <if installed= Z 3B9:T!B)>9 5 *pens mi-ration wiAard printer <1ista only=

+is% management
Z 89.6)?)T.).45 opens dis, mana-ement utility

Z 4DCA:)?B5 opens dis, dri2e clean up utility Z 8FB?.).45 opens dis, defra-menter Z 4J68.65 complete analysis of dis, partition Z 89.63ABT5 dis, partitionin- tool

Connection management
Z 934*:F9?5 list the confi-uration of 93 addresses on your 34 <for more information type 934*:F9?0H in the 4)8 Z menu= Z 9:CT43D.43D5 opens internet properties Z F9BCFADD.43D5 opens windows firewall Z :CT.CT>3.43D5 opens networ, setup wiAard

Miscellaneous commands
Z GA1AF.5 1iew the co2er of GA1A software <if installed= Z A43F9DTCB.43D5 *pens the properties A43 Filter <if installed= Z F9BCF*X5 )oAilla launches Firefox <if installed= Z :CT3B*G5 allow or not connectin- to a networ, pro+ector <For 1ista only= Z D*?*FF5 closes the current session Z .J>T8*F:5 shut down Findows Z .J>T8*F:&A5 to interrupt Findows shutdown Z VF9:89BV or V.;.TC)B**TV5 opens the Findows installation Z V3B*?BA)F9DC.V5 *pens the folder where you installed other pro-rams <3ro-ram Files= Z V>.CB3B*F9DCV5 opens the profile of the user currently lo--ed Z VJ*)C8B91CV5 opens the browser on the partition or the operatin- system is installed Z VJ*)C3ATJV5 opens the currently lo--ed user 45 U 8ocuments and .ettin-s U QusernameR Z VTC)3V5 opens the temporary folder Z 1.314D:5 deletes the cache for installation of the ser2ice pac, 1 for 1ista

.ystem File 4hec,er <Be7uires Findows 48 if the cache is not a2ailable=5 Z .F4 0 scannow5 immediately scans all system files and repairs dama-ed files Z m .F4 0 1CB9F;*:D;5 scans only those files system Z m .F4 0 .canfil \ "name and file path"5 scans the specified file, and repaired if dama-ed Z m .F4 0 1CB9F;F9DC \ "name and file path"5 .cans only the file specified Z m .F4 0 scanonce5 scans the system files on the next restart Z m .F4 0 BC1CBT5 return the initial confi-uration <For more information, type .F4 0H 9n the command prompt Z 4)8.

:i commands
General Startup To use vi: vi filename To exit vi and save changes: ZZ or :wq To exit vi without saving changes: :q! To enter vi command mode: [esc] Counts

A number preceding any vi command tells vi to repeat that command that many times.

Cursor Movement h move left (backspace) move down k l [return] " # $ w % b & e ( ) * + move up move right (spacebar) move to the beginning of the ne!t line last column on the current line move cursor to the first column on the current line move cursor to first nonblank column on the current line move to the beginning of the ne!t word or punctuation mark move past the ne!t space move to the beginning of the previous word or punctuation mark move to the beginning of the previous word' ignores punctuation end of ne!t word or punctuation mark end of ne!t word' ignoring punctuation move cursor to the top of the screen move cursor to the middle of the screen move cursor to the bottom of the screen

Screen Movement , !, -. -/ $0 $& $1 $2 $3 $+ Inserting r 3 i a A 7 Deleting ! dd dw db Copying Code yy (yank)8copies8 line which may then be put by the p(put) command. 9recede with a count for multiple lines. delete character under cursor delete line under cursor delete word under cursor delete word before cursor replace character under cursor with ne!t character typed keep replacing character until [esc] is hit insert before cursor append after cursor append at end of line open line above cursor and enter append mode move to the last line in the file move to line ! move current line to top of screen move current line to the middle of screen move current line to the bottom of screen move forward one screen move backward one line move forward one half screen move backward one half screen redraw screen ( does not work with 456## type terminals ) redraw screen ( does not work with 5elevideo terminals )

Put Command brings back previous deletion or yank of lines' words' or characters 9 p bring back before cursor bring back after cursor

Find Commands : ; f 0 t 5 < finds a word going backwards finds a word going forwards finds a character on the line under the cursor going forward finds a character on the line under the cursor going backwards find a character on the current line going forward and stop one character before it find a character on the current line going backward and stop one character before it repeat last f' 0' t' 5

Miscellaneous Commands . u 2 !p = $, > m! 8! repeat last command undoes last command issued undoes all commands on one line deletes first character and inserts after second (swap) oin current line with the ne!t line display current line number if at one parenthesis' will ump to its mate

mark current line with character ! find line marked with character !

!T": Marks are internal and not written to the file. #ine "ditor Mode Any commands form the line editor ex can be issued upon entering line mode. 5o enter: type 8:8 5o e!it: press[return] or [esc] ex Commands 0or a complete list consult the $ I% Programmer&s Manual '"(DI G FI#"S copies (reads) filename after cursor in file currently editing :r filename )'IT" FI#" :w M!*I G saves the current file without quitting

:? :"

move to line ? move to last line of file

S+"## "SC(P" e!ecutes 8cmd8 as a shell command. :!8cmd8