ANSWERS MUST BE WRITTEN IN INK.

EXCEPT WHERE THEY ARE EXPRESSLY REQUIRED, PENCILS MAY ONLY BE USED FOR DRAWING, SKETCHING AND GRAPHICAL WORK

THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES FINAL EXAMINATION JUNE 2000

ELEC3005 ELECTRICAL ENERGY 1

Time allowed - 3 hours (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Total number of questions - 6 Attempt 5 questions ONLY All questions are of equal value. Candidates may bring drawing instruments into the examination. The following aids will be supplied by the examinations unit: Graph Paper, electronic calculator. This paper may be retained by the candidate.

A SEPARATE BOOK MUST BE USED FOR EACH QUESTION

QUESTION 1 A load of 200 kW is driven by a 3-phase induction motor of 0.85 efficiency and is supplied by a 415 V, 3 phase, 50 Hz supply. The motor has a power factor of 0.8 lagging. (a) Calculate the kVAR rating and the capacitance/phase of a delta connected capacitor bank to correct the power factor to 0.95 lagging. (8 marks) If the load drops to 100 kW and the induction motor efficiency and power factor at this load are 0.8 and 0.7 lagging respectively, what is the overall power factor of the system with the same value of capacitance as for part (a)? (8 marks) Discuss the significance of your answer at Item (b) above in relation to the possible benefits obtained from power factor correction in a situation where the load may change significantly. (4 marks)

(b)

(c)

QUESTION 2 (a) With the aid of a sketch or sketches show that there is a 30o phase shift between the primary and secondary line to line voltages of a Delta/Star connected three-phase transformer. Discuss the significance of this phase shift when the transformer is to be used in a power distribution network. (6 marks) With the instruments located in the high-voltage side, and the low voltage side shortcircuited, the short-circuit test readings for a 50 kVA, 2400:240V transformer are 48V, 20.8A and 617W. An open-circuit test with the low voltage side energised gives instrument readings on that side of 240V, 5.41A and 186W. Determine the efficiency and the voltage regulation of the transformer at full load, 0.7 power factor lagging. (14 marks)

(b)

QUESTION 3 (a) With the aid of a simple sketch describe the advantages of using full-pitch coils in the armature of DC machines. (6 marks) A DC series motor is usually supplied from two identical 110V batteries connected in parallel. When the motor is supplied with 110V from one battery only, it runs at three-quarters of its speed when running from both batteries in parallel. If the two

(b)

batteries are connected in series, the motor runs at 3 times the original speed. If the load current is 20A in all three cases, what are the resistances of the batteries and the motor? (14 marks)

QUESTION 4 (a) In the case of a three-phase induction motor, describe how the pulsating magnetic fields produced by balanced 3-phase sinusoidal currents in individual stator phases, combine to give a rotating magnetic field of constant amplitude. Explain how this magnetic field interacts with the rotor to produce a torque reaction. (8 The parameters of the equivalent circuit of a 3-phase, star connected 415V, 50Hz, 4pole induction motor, in ohms/phase, with all quantities referred to the stator, are: X1 = X2 = 1.5, R1 = 2, (Rm may be neglected) For rated supply voltage determine: (i) (ii) The stator current at standstill. The gross torque at a slip of 0.04. (12 marks) R2 = 3, Xm = 100

marks) (b)

QUESTION 5

Th1 e = Em sin t L

AC Supply

RL

Th2

(a)

For the circuit shown above, sketch the load voltage waveforms for a firing delay angle (< 90) when, (i) (ii) the load is purely resistive, the load is highly inductive. (10 marks)

(b)

For both load cases (i) and (ii) above, derive an expression for the DC output voltage. (10 marks)

QUESTION 6 (a) Describe with the aid of a sketch why electrical power equipment can often have an intermittent power rating which is greater than the continuous power rating. (5 marks) A 500 kVA transformer has a rated copper loss which is five times the iron loss. From an ambient temperature of 25oC, on rated load, the winding temperature rises by 26oC after one hour and by 40oC after two hours. Determine: (i) (ii) The final winding temperature rise on rated load and the heating time constant. If the maximum permissible winding temperature is 100oC, find the continuous overload current that can be sustained and the time for which twice rated current can be taken from cold (i.e. ambient condition). (15 marks)

(b)

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