EC 2311- COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CHETTINAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING A ND T EC H NO L O GY

DEPARTM ENT OF ECE QUESTION BANK

SUB.NAME: COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SUB.CODE : EC2311 YEAR : III

BRANCH : EEE S EM : V

UNIT-I ANALOG COMMUNICATION PAR T-A 1. Define sensitivity of the radio receiver? 2. What are the advantages of FM over AM? 3. Define the term convergence conductance. 4. What is AGC? 5. Define modulation coefficient and coefficient and percent modulation. 6. Why FM signal is less susceptible to noise than an AM signal? 7. What is pre-emphasis? How is it used to improve the signal to noise ratio of the FM transmission? 8. What is pulse Duration Modulation? State its merits and demerits. 9. Define AM and F M. 10. Give the significance of modulation 11. Define FM. 12. Define modulation index for FM. 13. When a super heterodyne receiver is tuned 555 kHz, its local oscillator provides the mixer with an input at 1010 kHz, F ind the image frequency. 14. What is the need for modulation? 15. What are the advantages of super heterodyne receiver? 16. What is an Angle modulation?

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17. State carson s rule of FM bandwidth? 18. Differentiate between narrowband FM and wideband FM. 19. Define the term modula tion index for AM 20. What is S uper heterodyne receiver? 21. Draw the diagram of pre-emphasis circuit 22. What are the disadvantages of conventional (or) double side band full carrier system? 23. Define S ingle sideband suppressed carrier AM. 24. Define AM Vestigial sideband. 25. State Carson rule

PART-B
1. Explain in detail about the FM generation using Amstrong method 2. Derive an expression for the amplitude modulated wave and its power relations. Also give it s time and frequency domain representation 3. i. Explain the demodulation of an AM wave using enve lope detector ii. Explain the envelop detector circuit used for AM demodulation 4. i. Compare AM with F M with special reference to spectrum, power requirements, sidebands and bandwidth required ii. Explain any two methods used for generating SSB/SC . 5. i. Derive an expression for the amplitude modulated wave and its power relations. ii. With neat block diagram, explain the Tuned Radio F requency (TRF) receivers. 6. With the help of neat block diagram, explain the functioning of a heterod yne radio receiver. List out the significance of it over the TRF receivers 7. i. Deduce an analytical expression for the frequency modulated wave. ii. Discuss any one method of generating the frequency modulated signals with the relevant sketch. 8. Explain the working of FM stereo transmitter with necessary circuitry. 9. Draw the block diagram of single sideband AM transmitter and explain function of each block. 10. With the help of a neat block diagram, explain F M receiver 11. i. Compare wide band and narrow band F m system ii. How does the phase-shift method efficiently suppress the unwanted side band? Explain with diagram 12. i. With a neat block diagram, explain the operation of Armstrong frequency (10) (16) (16) (6) (8) (16) (16) (8) (8) (8) (10) (6) (16) (8) (8) (16)

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modulation system ii. Illustrate the operation of VSB transmission UNIT-II DIGITAL COM M UNICATION PAR T-A 1. Define companding. 2. List out any two advantages and limitations of DPCM. 3. Define the term slope overload noise. 4. State the principle of working of a differential pulse code modulated system. 5. What is meant by coherent reception? 6. What is the principle of ADM?

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7. Consider an audio signal em(t) = 2 cos(1000 t). F ind the signal to noise ratio when the signal is quantized using 8 bits. 8. Why binary ASK is called on-off keying? 9. What is quadrature phase shift ke ying? 10. Give the difference between coherent and non coherent receiver. 11. Define bandwidth efficiency. 12. State S hannon s capacity limit. 13. State sampling theorem. 14. State N yquist rate of sampling. 15. Explain hamming code. 16. What is companding with respect to PCM ? 17. How many errors can be detected and corrected b y a (7,4) hamming code? 18. What is difference between DM and DPCM 19. How can be reduced quantization noise in PCM? 20. What are the sources of error in delta modulation? 21. What are the different types of delta modulation? 22. What are the advantages of Delta modulation? 23. What are the Merits and Demerits of DPCM? 24. Differentiate between QPSK and QASK. 25. Differentiate between P AM, PWM and PPM PAR T-B 1. For the binary data transmission obtain the expressions and waveforms for ASK,
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FSK and PSK schemes. 2. Draw the block diagram of a TDM system and explain where is TDM applied? 3. Describe pulse code modulation scheme and draw the waveforms. 4. Explain the generation and noise performance of delta modulation. 5. Explain quantization noise in PCM system. How can it be reduced? 6. Using block diagram, explain the functioning of each block present in a PCM transmitter and receiver setup 7. Explain the functioning of FSK digital transmitter cum receiver operation in detail with the relevant diagrams. 8. Explain the working of a FSK modulator and demodulator with the signal constellation diagram 9. With a neat block diagram explain the principle of DPCM. How does it differ from DM? 10. Explain about different types of delta modulation schemes. 11. i) Compare performances of PSK and FSK.

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ii) Draw the block diagram of a PCM communication system. Explain the function of each block with neat sketch of input and output at each stage. 12. Draw the block diagram of BPSK transmitter and receiver. Explain the same digital modulation scheme with appropriate constellation diagram. 13. How does ADM differ from DM? S upport your answer with block diagram and waveforms. UNIT-III SOURCE CODES, LINE CODES AND ERROR CONTROL PAR T-A 1. What is uncertainty? 2. What is information? 3. What are the Properties of information? 4. What is Entropy? 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. What What What What What is information Rate? is coding Efficiency? is mean by channel capacity? is line coding? is Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI)? (16) (16) (8)

10. What are desirable properties of P AM signal?

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11. Draw the waveforms for a binary sequence 101101 for the following cases. i. Bipolar RZ ii. Manchester NRZ 12. Draw the power spectra of line codes 13. What are the types of codes? 14. What are the important aspect of error control coding? 15. What are the methods used for controlling the error? 16. What is a random error? 17. What is Burst error? 18. Define the term Code word, Block length? 19. Define the term Code rate and C hannel data rate. 20. Define code efficiency? 21. What is syndrome(s)? 22. What is meant by coding? What is meant by channel coding? 23. List the four objectives of a channel code (or) error control code. 24. What is meant by linear block code? Write its properties? 25. Write syndrome properties of Linear block codes? 26. Define Hamming codes? Write properties of it? 27. What is convolutional code? 28. Differentiate block code and convolutional code. PAR T-B 1. i) In binary PCM if 0 occur with probability probability and 1 occur with (8)

, then calculate

amount of information conveyed by each binit.

ii) If there are M equally likely and independent messages, then prove that amount of information carried b y each message will be, I = N bits. where M = 2N and N is an integer .(8)

2. A source transmits two independent messages with probabilities of p and (1-p) respectively. P rove that the entropy is maximum when both the messages are equally likely. P lot the variation of entropy (H) as a function of probability p of the messages. 3. i) S how that if there are M numbers of equally likely messages, then entrop y
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of the source is ii) Prove that the upper bound on entropy is given as Here M is the number of messages emitted by the source. .

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4. An analog signal is bandlimited to B Hz and sampled at N yquist rate. The samples are quantized into 4 levels. Each level represent one message. Thus there are 4 messages. The probabilities of occurrence of these 4 levels (messages) are p1 = p4 = and p2 = p3 =

. F ind out information rate of the source.

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5. A discrete memory less source has five symbols x1, x2, x3, x4 and x5 with probabilities 0.4, 0.19, 0.16, 0.15 and 0.15 respectively attached to every symbol. 1. Construct a S hannon-Fano code for the source and calculate code efficiency. 2. Repeat (i) for Huffman code compare the two techniques of source coding. 106 picture elements (16)

6. A black and white TV picture consists of about 2

with 16 different brightness levels, with equal probabilities. If pictures are repeated at the rate of 32 per second, calculate average rate of informatio n conveyed by this TV picture source. If SNR is 30 db, what is the maximum bandwidth required to support the transmission of the resultant video signal. 7. i) Describe Bandwidth-SNR trade off problem of coding. ii) Discuss any one of the decoding methods of convolutional coding precisely. (16) (6) (10)

8. Explain the coding and decoding process of block codes. 9. The generator polynomial of a (7,4) cyclic code is G(p) = p 3 +p+1 Find all the code vectors for the code in non systematic form.

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10. 10. Explain the convolution codes.

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UNIT-IV M ULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUE PAR T-A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Define spread spectrum modulation How spread spectrum methods are classified? List the application of spread spectrum. What is F DMA. Define time division multiplexing. Distinguish between TDMA and F DMA What is need for multiplexing? What are the advantage and disadvantages of FDMA? What are the applications of F DMA? What are the advantage and disadvantages of TDMA? What are the applications of TDMA? What is C DMA? What are the advantage and disadvantages of CDMA? What is space division multiple access (S DMA)? What are the advantages of S DMA? What are the difference between FDMA, TDMA and C DMA? PAR T-B 1. With neat block diagram, explain the operation of a typ ical TDMA system and Compare with 2. 3. 4. 5. F DMA. (16) (16) (16) (16) (16)

Discuss the concept of C DME techniques and mention its merits and demerits. Explain the Different types of multiple access technique. With neat block diagram, explain the operation of a typ ical FDMA s ystem. Explain the spread spectrum techniq ues. UNIT-V SATELLITE, OPTICAL FIBRE-POWERLIN E, SCADA PAR T-A

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
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What are the important advantages of optical fiber? What is meant by the term numerical aperture of an optical fiber? What is meant by dispersion and what is it unit of measurement? Distinguish between graded index and step index multimode fiber? What is the acceptance cone half angle for an optical fiber with core and cladding refractive Give an expression for path loss L of satellite communication system in dB. Expand and define EIRP.
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8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

What are the advantages of fiber system? Define critical angle in optical fibers? What are the basic components of a satellite earth station subsystem? Define single mode fiber. State S nell s law. Give its significance in optics. List any two advantages and disadvantages of geosynchronous satellite. Distinguish LAS ER and LED sources. What are the frequencies judiciously selected in C -band microwave satellite communication and why?

16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.

Compare step index single mode fiber with graded index and step index multimode fibers in terms of optical characteristics Define look angles of a satellite. Give the significance of numerical aperture of optical fiber. What is meant by splicing with regard to optical fibers? What are the types of splicing? Explain splicing. Draw the diagram of fiber optic communication Compare single mode and multimode fiber What are the losses in fiber? Advantages of F iber optic communication What is SCADA? PAR T-B 1. i) List the advantages of using optical fiber as a medium of communication in a telephone network. ii) Draw the block diagram of fiber optical communica tion link. Explain the principle of operation of light sources and detectors. 2. i)Derive the satellite system link equation 3. i) Briefly describe the losses associated with fiber cables. ii) List and describe the primary characteristics of light detectors. 4. Briefly describe the functional characteristics of an up- link, a transponder and a down-link model for a satellite system. 5. i) Briefly describe losses assoc iated with fiber cables. ii) Explain the satellite system link models. (16) (8) (8) (10) (12) (8) (8) (6)

ii.)Briefly describe the losses associated with fiber optical communication systems.(4)

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6. i) Explain the principle operation of avalanche photodiode. ii) Define numerical aperture and derive the expression for it. 7. Describe the functional characteristics of an uplink, transponder and a down-link model for a satellite system 8. List the merits and demerits of optical communication systems. What are the essential components required for establishing an optical link. What are the various losses associated with it. 9. Explain how the light beam propagates through fiber. What are the different types of optical link losses and discuss their adverse effects? 10. Briefly describe the functional characteristics of an uplink, a transponder and a downlink model for a satellite system. 11. With neat sketch for the ray propagatio n into and down an optical fiber cable, derive an expression for the acceptance angle. 12. Explain types and multiple access techniques in satellite communication

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