Phys 221

Addition of Vectors
Purpose: In this lab, we check a special case of Newtons laws, namely that the sum of the forces actin on an ob!ect in e"uilibrium is #ero$ %ince forces are &ectors, we will practice doin &ector additions$ 'irst, we measure the forces actin on an ob!ect in e"uilibrium (a rin )$ *hen, we check that addin the forces as &ectors i&es #ero$ +e do this in two ways: raphically and usin &ector components$ ,"uipment: protractor, ruler, strin , 1 rin , - mass han ers, set of slotted masses, force table with - pulleys, lar e sheet of white paper *o .o: 'ollow the worksheet

Your write-up is due on the due date indicated on class calendar on the web site (no late write-up will be accepted).

Phys 221

Addition of &ectors
1$ ,/periment Part A: *hree forces on a rin in e"uilibrium a) Place a pulley at the 20$0 mark on the force table and place a total of 100 on the end of the strin $ 1e sure to include the 20 of the mass han er in the total$ 3alculate the ma nitude of the force produced by the mass and han er (in Newtons$ 4se '5m and take 56$70 m8s2)$ Assume three si nificant fi ures for this and for all other calculations of forces in this lab$ 9ecord the &alue of this force as '1 in .ata *able 1 (attached with this handout)$ b) Place a second pulley at the 60$0:de ree mark on the force table and place a total of 200 on the end of the strin $ 3alculate the force produced and record this force as '2 in .ata *able 1$ c) .etermine by trial and error the amount of mass needed and the an le at which it must be placed in order to place the rin in e"uilibrium$ *he rin is in e"uilibrium when it is centered on the force table and is not touchin the pe in the middle$ ;i le the rin sli htly to make sure that it is truly in e"uilibrium$ 1e sure that all the strin s lie alon a line, which passes throu h the center of the rin $ d) 'or this third mass, calculate the amount of force produced and from the table markin s determine the an le at which the force acts$ 9ecord this force as '< in .ata *able 1$ Part 1: 'our forces on a rin in e"uilibrium a) Place a pulley at <0$0 de rees with 120 on it, one at 100$0 de rees with 200 on it and one at 1-2$0 de rees with 100 on it$ b) 3alculate the force produced by those masses and record them as '-, '2, and '= respecti&ely in .ata *able 2$ c) 'ollowin the procedure outlined in steps c and d in part A, determine the e"uilibrium force and record it as '> in .ata *able 2$

Phys 221

2$ 3alculations Part A: *hree forces on a rin in e"uilibrium a) As a roup on the lar e sheet of paper, find the resultant of the two applied forces '1 and '2 by a scaled, raphical construction usin the parallelo ram method (place the &ectors tail to tail)$ ?ow is '< related to that resultant@ .raw '< on the raph as well$ 9ecord your results in the A raphical solutionB table on the Acalculations 1B pa e$ Cater, outside of class, construct an 7 DB / 11B &ersion of the dia ram$ Eou will ha&e to make careful use of your protractor and rulerF b) 4sin tri onometry, calculate the components of '1 and '2 and record them in the Aanalytical solutionB table (take for /:a/is the line oin throu h the 0 mark and for the y:a/is the line oin throu h the 60 mark)$ Add the components and determine the ma nitude of the resultant by the Pytha orean theorem$ .etermine the an le of the resultant from the arc tan ent of the components$ 9ecord those results in the table$ +hat are the ma nitude, direction, and / and y components of '< i&en your result for the resultant '1 G '2 abo&e@ +rite your results in the table$ c) 3alculate the percenta e error of the ma nitude of the e/perimental &alue of '< with the analytical solution for '<$ Also calculate the percenta e error of the ma nitude of the raphical solution for '< compared to the analytical solution$ 'or each of those comparisons, also calculate the ma nitude of the difference in the an le$ 9ecord all &alues on the Acalculations 1B pa e$

Phys 221

Part 1: 'our forces on an ob!ect in e"uilibrium a) 'ind the resultant of the three applied forces '-, '2, and '= usin a scaled raphical construction$ *his time use the poly on method (place the &ectors head to tail)$ .o it on a lar e sheet of paper !ust as in Part A$ 9ecord your results in the A raphical solutionB table on the Acalculations 2B pa e$ .raw also '> on your raph and record its direction and ma nitude in the table$ Include a 7 DB / 11B reproduction of the abo&e construction in your lab report$ b) 4sin tri onometry, calculate the components of all three forces '-, '2, and '=, the components of the resultant, and the ma nitude and direction of the resultant$ 9ecord them all in the Aanalytical solutionsB table on the Acalculations 2B pa e$ +rite also the results for '>$ c) Hake the same error calculations for this problem as asked for in step < abo&e in the calculations for Part A$

Phys 221

Data Table 1
Force
F1 F2

Hass (k ) 0$100 k 0$200 k

'orce (N)

.irection 20$0 60$0

measured resultant F< = F1 + F2

Data Table 2
Force
F F2 F=

Hass (k ) 0$120 k 0$200 k 0$100 k

'orce (N)

.irection <0$0 100$0 1-2$0

measured resultant F> = F- + F2 + F=

Phys 221

Calculations 1
Graphical Solution Force
F1 F2

Hass (k ) 0$100 k 0$200 k

'orce (N)

.irection 20$0 60$0

sum o the orces F1 + F2

F< = F1 + F2

!nal"tical Solution Force

F1 F2

Hass (k ) 0$100 k 0$200 k

'orce (N)

.irection 20$0 60$0

/:component

y:component

sum o the orces F1 + F2

F< = F1 + F2

#rror Calculations

Phys 221

Calculations 2
Graphical Solution Force
F F2 F=

Hass (k ) 0$120 k 0$200 k 0$100 k

'orce (N)

.irection <0$0 100$0 1-2$0

sum o the orces F- + F2 + F= F> = F- + F2 + F=

!nal"tical Solution Force

F F2 F=

Hass (k ) 0$120 k 0$200 k 0$100 k

'orce (N)

.irection <0$0 100$0 1-2$0

/:component

y:component

sum o the orces F- + F2 + F= F> = F- + F2 + F=

#rror Calculations

Write-up

Phys 221 1. In a short paragraph, describe the experiment. A drawing and a few sentences are enough 2. Three forces on a ring. 2.1. Data table explain what !ou measured. 2.2. Tail to tail "ector diagram and graphical table explain how !ou drew the "ectors and what !ou measured on !our "ector diagram. 2.#. Anal!tical table explain how !ou did !our computations. 2.$. %rror calculations #. &our forces on a ring. #.1. Data table explain what !ou measured. #.2. 'ead to tail "ector diagram and graphical table explain how !ou drew the "ectors and what !ou measured on !our "ector diagram. #.#. Anal!tical table explain how !ou did !our computations. #.$. %rror calculations $. Answer these two (uestions $.1. )ould all four pulle!s be placed in the same (uadrant or in two ad*acent (uadrants and still be in e(uilibrium+ %xplain. $.2. The forces used in this experiment are the weights of ,nown masses, that is, the forces exerted on these masses b! gra"it!. -earing this in mind, explain the functions of the pulle!s. .. Turn in one t!ped report per group on the due date /listed on the class web site0.